LESSON 1 - The study - The passing of the genetic information from

of life: An introduction parents to offspring

to Biology
6. Response to Environment (Stimuli)
• Organism reacts according to either an internal or
What is Biology? external force
• Stimuli – force or an event that can elicit a
- Study of Life or science of living things reaction
- One of the natural sciences • Tropism – refers to the movement in response to
- It studies the morphology, the chemistry, behavior, the stimuli
function, evolution, and development of all the •Gravitropism(Geotropism)
living things. •Phototropism
•Chemotropism
What makes Biology Interesting?
7. Growth and Development
- We can study how animals interact with each other • Simply refers to the growth or maturation of an
- Shows how important these animals are organism.
- Numerous Perspective
Example: Heredity 8. Adaptation through Evolution
- Avenue for discovery • Organisms evolve in response to the changes in
• Trends in Nature the environment
• Medicine
• Material Science The Eight Characteristics of Life:
- It lets you think Through Research
1. Cellular organization
The Eight Characteristics of Life 2. Reproduction
3. Metabolism
1. Cellular Organization (Order) 4. Homeostasis
- Cell theory (Matthias Schleiden and Theodor 5. Heredity
Schwann) 6. Response to Stimuli
• All organism are composed of one/more cells 7. Growth and Development
• Cells are the basic unit of life 8. Adaptation through evolution
• Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Organizational Levels of Life
2. Reproduction
- All living things are capable of reproduction 1. Atoms and Molecules
- Atoms, the smallest component of an element,
3. Metabolism bond together to form molecules.
- Catabolism vs Anabolism - When these molecules bond together and form a
- The collection of the entire chemical reactions, polymer, they are now called macromolecules.
that takes place in an organism, that are necessary in - There are four major biological macromolecules:
the maintenance of life Lipids
- Used to produce energy, repair the body, create Carbohydrates
new cells, etc. Nucleic Acid
Proteins
4. Regulation
- Homeostasis 2. Cells
- Ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal - These are the basic unit of life
environment. - Cells are made up of specialized organelles

5. Heredity
3. Tissues 10. Biosphere
- In the case of multicellular organisms, cells (of the • The layer of the earth that contains life
same type) aggregate to form tissues; these
specializes into different types and functions. Genetic Information: Expression and
Transmission
4. Organs
- Organs are composed of two or more types of - All of the information in an organism is stored in
tissue the DNA
- Performs one specific function • DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Example: • Genes – basic functional unit of heredity;
Esophagus > Stomach > Intestine segment
• Genome – complete set of genetic material
5. Organs System in an organism
- A group of organs that work together to perform a - Transmitted from parents to offspring
function. - The information in the DNA is converted to
- The 12 different organ system in humans biological products through the process of gene
1. Integumentary expression
2. Muscular
3. Skeletal Taxonomy
4. Nervous
5. Circulatory - The science of naming and defining groups of
6. Lymphatic biological organisms based on their morphology
7. Respiratory and shared characteristics.
8. Endocrine - Carolus Linnaeus - proponent
9. Urinary/Excretory - Binomial Nomenclature - a formal system of
10. Reproductive naming organisms using two Latin words.
11. Digestive Example: Homo sapiens
12. Immune Note: Genus- Uppercase, species- lowercase
- Taxa - is a group of one or more populations of an
organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form
a unit.
• Example: Primates
6. Organism (Complex) - Taxonomic rank - is the relative level of a group
- A form of life composed of mutually of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy
interdependent parts that maintain various vital • Example: Order
processes
- Composed of specialized tissues, organs, and Biology as a Science Discipline
organ system (Multicellular)
- Scientific Method- a method of inquiry based on
7. Population empirical (observable through the five senses) and
• Group of organisms with the same species measurable data or evidence.
• Occupy the same environment - Logical
- Biologists study life at different levels of
8.Community organization
• Assemblage of population of different species Ecologist - study the ecosystem
• Defined by the environment and the interaction of Anatomy and Physiology - studies the
the species structure and functions of the organs and organ
systems
9.Ecosystem Cell biology - study cells
• Interaction of the community to its environment Molecular Biologists - studies the
• Biotic + Abiotic factors molecules important to life