CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 1
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8

1.) In your own words, define what is a fuel and how do they generate energy.

- A fuel is a material that stores energy in structures that can be delivered and utilized for work,
or as hotness energy. The essential method for creating energy for human undertakings is the
ignition of fills. Ignition (consuming in air) delivers the synthetic energy put away in the
compound obligations of the powers. Fills are likewise utilized in the cells of life forms in a cycle
known as cell breath, where natural atoms are oxidized to deliver usable energy. Hydrocarbons
and related oxygen-containing atoms are by a long shot the most well-known wellspring of fuel
utilized by people, however different substances, including radioactive metals, are additionally
used. Energizes are diverged from different substances or gadgets putting away expected
energy, for example, those that straightforwardly discharge electrical energy (like batteries and
capacitors) or mechanical energy (like flywheels, springs, compacted air, or water in a
repository).
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 2
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8

2.) Cite the different classifications of fuels. Explain the reason why they have different energy
values.

 Different classification of fuels:

a.) Coal
b.) Coke
c.) Coal Char
d.) Peat
e.) Wood
f.) Charcoal
g.) Solid Waste and Biomasses

- Various powers have various degrees of energy esteems, likewise alluded to as hotness
esteem or calorific worth, which can be estimated in wording measure of hotness delivered
during its total burning. Furthermore, this is because of the explanation that not all fills have
similar synthetic designs and organization. Since various hydrocarbons have various
proportions of hydrogen to carbon, they produce various proportions of water to carbon dioxide.
By and large, the more extended and more complicated the particle, the more prominent the
proportion of carbon to hydrogen. Hence, ignition of equivalent measures of various
hydrocarbons will yield various amounts of carbon dioxide, contingent upon the proportion of
carbon to hydrogen in atoms of each. Since coal contains the longest and most complex
hydrocarbon particles, consuming coal delivers more CO2 than consuming a similar mass of oil
or flammable gas. This likewise changes the energy thickness or the energy worth of every one
of these powers
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 3
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8
3.) Define what is octane number and discuss its relationship with engine knocking.

- The octane number or octane rating is a proportion of the obstruction of gas and different
energizes to explosion or motor thumping in sparkle start inner burning motors. Henceforth,
from the meaning of the octane umber, its relationship with motor thumping would already
be able to be seen. The octane number is dictated by looking at, under standard
conditions, the thump force of the fuel with that of mixes of two reference energizes: iso-
octane, which opposes thumping, and heptane, which thumps promptly. Superior
execution motors ordinarily have higher pressure proportions and are accordingly more
inclined to thumping, so they require higher octane fuel. A lower-execution motor won't for
the most part perform better with super charged fuel, since the pressure proportion is fixed
by the motor plan.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 4
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8
4.) Discuss the relationship of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to energy
production from fuels.

- The main law of thermodynamics delineates energy creation from energizes as a

circumstance wherein heat move takes care of business (for example Fuel ignition
produces heat move to a gas in a chamber, expanding the tension of the gas and in this
manner the power it applies on a mobile cylinder. The gas takes care of business
outwardly world, as this power moves the cylinder through some distance. Hotness move
to the gas chamber brings about work being finished). The second law of thermodynamics
says that the entropy of any segregated framework consistently increments. Confined
frameworks suddenly develop towards warm harmony—the condition of greatest entropy of
the framework. All the more basically: the entropy of the universe (a definitive disengaged
framework) just increments and never diminishes. As far as energy creation from powers,
most hotness motors, like responding cylinder motors and pivoting turbines, utilize
repetitive cycles. The subsequent law plainly expresses that such motors can't have ideal
change of hotness move into work done. The two articulations of the second law of
thermodynamics are: heat move happens precipitously from higher-to bring down
temperature bodies however never immediately the opposite way; and it is outlandish in
any framework for heat move from a repository to totally change over to work in a recurrent
cycle wherein the framework gets back to its underlying state.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 5
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8
 5.) Look for any food label and calculate the total energy that it can provide.

- A pack of nachos contains 0.5 grams of fat, 19 grams of carbohydrates and 2 grams of protein

Solution:

9 cal 4g 4g
(
Total energy = 0.5 g x
g ) +¿ (19 g x
g (
)+ 2gx
g )
¿ 88.5 cal

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 02: THE APPLICATION OF STOICHIOMETRY IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 6
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8
 1.) Distinguish which among the following chemical reactions is (are) combustion reaction(s):

a) 2𝐻2 + 𝑂2 → 2𝐻2𝑂 – Not combustion reaction

b) 2𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 → 𝑁𝑎2𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2𝑂 – Not combustion reaction
c) 2𝐶12𝐻26 + 37𝑂2 → 24 𝐶𝑂2 + 26 𝐻2𝑂 – Combustion reaction
d) 𝐶3𝐻6𝑂 + 4𝑂2 → 3𝐶𝑂2 + 3𝐻2𝑂 – Combustion reaction

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 02: THE APPLICATION OF STOICHIOMETRY IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 7
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 8
 2.) During combustion, if nitrogen is present in the original fuel, it is converted to N2, not to a nitrogen-
oxygen compound. Write the balanced combustion equation of the fuel dinitroethylene, whose formula
is C2H2N2O4.

The balanced combustion equation of the fuel dinitroethylene, whose formula is 𝐶2𝐻2𝑁2𝑂4, is:

2 C2 H 2 N 2 O4 + O2+ 4 CO2+ 2 H 2O + 2 N 2

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: LESSON 02: FUELS AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: UNIT 02: THE APPLICATION OF STOICHIOMETRY IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
NAME: JETRO O. AVENIDO DATE OF SUBMISSION: 06/11\2021
ID NO.: 2021-13463-MN-0 PAGE NO: 8
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: BSME 1-3 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES:8
3.) 100 grams of water was produced from the complete combustion of naphthalene (𝐶10𝐻8). Calculate
for the initial volume of the fuel in liters. Assume that it is stored in a container under a pressure of 1
atm and a temperature of 25°C.

Given:

P - 1 atm
T - 25°C
m – 100g H 2 O

25°C to Kelvin 25 + 273.15=298.15 𝐾

Balance the complete combustion of naphthalene.

𝐶10𝐻8+12𝑂2 → 10𝐶𝑂2+4𝐻2𝑂

Compute the molar mass of 𝐻2𝑂.

2𝐻 +𝑂 2 (1.008)+(15.999)=18.015 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Convert the mass of water (100g 𝐻2𝑂) to moles of naphthalene (𝐶10𝐻8) using stoichiometry:

100𝑔 𝐻2𝑂 x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2𝑂24.063 𝑔 𝐻2𝑂 x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶10𝐻8 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2𝑂=1.39 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶10𝐻8

Compute for the initial volume of the fuel (naphthalene, 𝐶10𝐻8) in liters using ideal gas law: Given:
P = 1 atm
R = 0.08205 𝐿 ∙𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙𝐾
T = 298.15 𝐾
n = 1.39 mol
V=?

Required: Initial volume of the fuel (naphthalene, 𝐶10𝐻8 in liters.

Solution:
nRT
PV = nRT , derive: V =
P
V = (1.39 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.08205 𝐿 ∙𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙𝐾)(298.15 𝐾)1𝑎𝑡𝑚
V= 34 L