IPS COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

STUDY OF SEPTIC TANK

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
AR. HARISHIKA MAM ABHISHEK PANCHAL
AR. PRANJALI MAM KHUSHI MODI
AR. NIKHIL SIR KHUSHI SURANA
AR. YASH SIR NIKITA JAISHWAL
MUSTAFA
PRAGYA SHARMA
PRATIKSHA PAHARE
YASH SAHU

SESSION : 2019 – 2020

Introduction:-
What is septic tank?
A septic tank is an underground chamber made of concrete,
fiberglass, or plastic through which domestic wastewater (sewage)
flows for basic treatment.
 Capacity - 2000 lit. (Min.)
 Dimension - 4.5’ wide x 8.0’long x 6’tall ( Min.)
 Material - Concrete, concrete blocks, fiber-reinforced plastic,
high-density plastic or fiberglass.
 Pipes – PVC pipe, perforated pipe and cast iron pipe.

Multi chamber septic tank Single septic tank

 Size of septic tank change according to type of building
(residencial building, commercial, institutional, etc.)
 These help to fill the drainage pipe more evenly and extend
the drainage field life by preventing premature clogging.
Why septic tank?
 It helps to separate the solid waste and liquid waste.
 Septic tanks eliminate waste by using the natural filtering
process of the soil.
 Bacteria is filtered by the soil once the wastewater is out of
the septic tank, which makes the water safe to re-use.
 The use of septic tanks allows for local water tables to be
naturally replenished.
 Local water tables benefit the wildlife in the area and septic
tanks contribute to this cycle by recycling wastewater.

Septic tank maintenance:-

 Remove the sludge when it reaches up to the height of 3″
below the suck out the pipe.
 Due to the presence of Waste gases, there might be a
chance of smell coming out from the pit.
 Periodic effluent is added to the septic tank to avoid the
smell.
WORKING OF SEPTIC TANK:-
The 7 Steps For How Septic Tank Systems Work
1. Wastewater flows from the house into the septic tank.
2. Anaerobic bacteria living inside it start breaking down some
of the waste.
3. Solid waste (inorganic material) sinks and liquid waste (oils,
fats, grease) rises.
4. The wastewater seeps into the drain field.
5. This wastewater is further treated by aerobic bacteria.
6. The now clean water drains into groundwater.
7. Once the septic tank is full, call a contractor to come pump
out the waste.
PLAN, SECTION AND
ELEVATION OF SEPIC TANK:-
ADVANTAGES:-
 It can be easily constructed.
 No maintenance problem.
 It excellently remove BOD.
 Very less amount of solid are produce.
 Low cost.
 Effluent can be discharged without any trouble.
 It is suitable for isolated community.
 Reduced organic loading at treatment plant.
 No manholes.
 Less susceptible to inflow and infiltration as the system is
pressurized.

Disadvantages:-
 Its size should be very large to serve many people.
 Smell problem.
 It needs periodic cleaning.
 Effluent quantity difficult to monitor.
 Faecal sludge management is often not carried out properly (
often just dumped in environment.)
 Relies on water for toilet flushing.
 Septage facility required.
 Operation can be impacted by power failure.
Element of septic tank:-
 Inlet – waste water coming through it.
 Outlet – filter waste water dispose through it.
 Sludge – it is solid waste which deposited at bottom of the
tank.
 Scum – it is waste which float on the surface of water .
 Inspection port – by this we can inspect the tank.
 Access port – it is a kind of manhole for treatment of septic
tank.
 Inlet baffle or outlet tee - prevents sewage back-flow into the
inlet or outlet pipe.
 Effluent – it is waste water which present in tank.
How to design septic tank:-
For understanding here we designing a septic tank for 8 people in
a house which get filled in 10 Days.
The average waste generated from each human / Day
including kitchen waste = 95 to 150 liters/Day.

The average waste generated from each human includes-

 Bathing & toilet = 85 liters/day

 Cooking = 1 liters/day
 Cleaning house = 2 liters/day
 Washing utensils & clothes = 6 liters/day
 Others = 1 liters/day

The values may change as per location and atmospheric

conditions.

Calculation:-

Total Members in house = 8 (Assume)

Total Waste Generated by House = 8 x 130 = 1040 lts/Day
[Considering 130Lts]
The Total waste generated by house in 10 days = 10 x 1040 =
10,400lts
Remember, 1m3 = 1000 for clear liters (Standard)

So, For 10,400lts = 10.4 m3

How to find the size of the
septic tank:-
In order to calculate the Septic tank size knows about the
standard length and width ratio of Septic tank.
The length and width ratio of Septic tank is 4:1 or 2:1
The depth or height of Septic tank is in between 1.5m- 1.8m
So the area of Septic tank = 10.4/1.8 = 5.78m2
Considering Length and width ratio = 4:1
Length of Septic tank = (4/5) x 5.78 = 4.62m
Breadth or Width of Septic tank = (1/5) x 5.78 = 1.15m
(Approx 10.4 m3)
Length, Breadth & Depth of Septic tank = 4.6m x 1.15m x 1.8m.
Sectional photos of septic
tank:-