“Calorimetry”

Learning Activity #1

I. Objectives

1. Use experimental data to develop a relationship among the variables: heat,

mass, specific heat, and change in temperature.
2. Identify what gains heat and what loses heat in a calorimetry experiment.
3. Determine the heat exchanged during a physical process such as mixing hot and
cold water or placing a hot piece of metal in cold water.

II. Materials

Computer to run the simulation Internet connection

III. Procedure

1. Working by yourself or with other members of the group, use the simulator to
answer the Analysis questions below.
2. After each question, simply click the “Reset” button to work the next problem.

IV. Questions and Analysis

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1. Determine the final temperature of a mixture of 50 grams of water at 10 C
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added to 120 grams of water at 80 C. Show your solution. Use the simulator to check
your answer.
 Given:
m1 : 50 g
m2 : 120 g
c1 : 4.184
c2 : 4.184
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T1 : 10 C
o
T2 : 80 C
Required: T(f) = ?
Equation: T(f) = (m1*T1+m2*T2) / (m1+m2)
Solution:
o o
= ( (50 g)(10 C) + (120 g)(80 C) ) / (50 g+120 g)
o o
= (500 g C + 9600 g C) / (170 g)
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= 10, 100 g C / 170 g
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Answer: T(f) = 59.41 C

2. Use the simulator to determine the temperature change of 80 grams of water

initially at 20 C (Note: When adding metals to water, the water temperature always
starts at 20 C, you do not need to set this parameter.) when a 15-gram piece of iron at
150 C is placed in it. (To select iron, click on the “solids” tab and use the pop-up menu)
 Given:
m1 : 15g
m2 : 80g
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c1 : 0.449 J/g C
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c2 : 4.184 J/g C
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T1 : 150 C
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T2 : 20 C

Required: △T = ?

Equation: T(f) = (m2*c2*T2 + m1*c1*T1) / (m2*c2 + m1*c1)

Solution:

o o o o
= ( (80)(4.184 J/g C)(20 C) + (15 g)(0.449 J/g C)(150 C) ) / ( (80 g)(4.184
o o
J/g C) + (15 g)(0.449 J/g C) )

= (6694.4 + 1010.25) / (334.72 + 6.735)

= (7704.65) / (341.455)

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T(f) = 22.56 C
Change in temperature

Equation:△T = Tf – Ti

o o
= 22.56 C – 20 C

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Answer:△T = 2.56 C

3. Click the “show graph view” box and then click “replay” for the experiment in #2.
How do the two lines on the graph compare? What is the main conclusion you can draw
from the graph?

As observed in the graph, the (Fe) iron's

temperature dropped significantly to the level of the
(H2O) water's temperature, while the water's
temperature rose just a little. Consequently, the
iron's heat was considerably absorbed by the
water, as seen by the iron's drastic drop in
temperature.

4. How much heat energy in joules, q, did the water gain in the experiment in #2?
Use the formula: q = (m)(c)(T) where m = mass of water being heated in grams; c =
specific heat of water = (4.18 J/g C); and
T = the change in the water’s temperature in degrees Celsius.

Given:
m of water = 80g
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c = 4.18 J/g C
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△T = 2.56 C

Required: Q = ?

Equation: Q = mc△T
 o o
Solution: Q = (80g)(4.18J/g C)(2.56 C)

Answer: Q = 856.06J

5. Use the simulator to add 20 grams of solid ammonium nitrate (default

temperature is 20 C ) to 100 grams of water initially at 20 C (Note: The ammonium
nitrate is under the “solids” tab.) and determine the temperature change of the water.

Given:
m1 : 20 g
m2 : 100 g
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T1 : 20 C
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T2 : 7.22 C

Required: △T = ?

Equation: △T = T f – Ti

o o
Solution: = 7.22 C – 20 C

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Answer: △T = -12.78 C

6. How much energy, in kilojoules, did the water lose in the experiment in #5? (Use
q = (m)(c)(△T) and then convert joules to kilojoules.)

Given:

m : 100 g

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c : 4.18 J/g C

△T : -12.78 oC

Required: Q = ?

Equation: Q= (m)(c)(△T)
 Solution:

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Q= (100 g)(4.18 J/g C)(-12.78 oC)

= -5,342.04 J / 1000 kJ

Answer: Q = -5.34 kJ

7. If the formula of ammonium nitrate is NH4NO3, determine how many moles of

the solid were dissolved in the water in the experiment in #5.

Given:
Molar mass of Ammonium Nitrate = 79.97g/mol
Mass of Ammonium Nitrate = 20g
Mass of water = 100g→0.1kg

Required: m = ?

Equation: m = mol of solute / kg of solvent

Solution:

Molar mass of Ammonium Nitrate

N- 2 x 14 = 28
H- 2 x 1 = 4
O- 3 x 15.99 = 47.97
_________________
MM = 79.97 g/mol

Moles of Ammonium Nitrate = 20g/79.97g/mol = 0.25 mol

Molality = 0.25 mol/0.1kg = 2.5 mol/kg

Answer: 2.5 mol/kg

8. Calculate the heat of solution of ammonium nitrate in kJ/mol by dividing the kJ
answer from #6 by the mol answer in #7. (Round to three significant figures.)

Given:
Q= -5.34 kJ
mol of ammonium nitrate = 0.25 moles

Required: ΔHsoln= ?
Equation: ΔHsoln = Q/mol
Solution:

ΔHsoln = -5.34 kJ/0.25 mol

= -21.4 kJ/mol

Answer:ΔHsoln = -21.4 kJ/mol

9. Use the simulator to add 20 grams of solid calcium chloride (default temperature
is 20 C ) to 100 grams of water initially at 20 C (Note: You have to scroll down the
pop-up menu under the “solids” tab.) and determine the temperature change of the
water.

Given:
m of Calcium chloride : 20 g
m of water : 100 g
 o
c1 : 3.06 J/g C
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c2 : 4.184 J/g C
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T1 = 20 C
T2 = 20oC
Initial Temperature : 20oC
Final Temperature : 49.18oC

Required: △T = ?

Equation:

△T = T f – Ti

Solution:

o o
△T = 49.18 C – 20 C

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Answer: △T = 29.18 C

10. Conduct an experiment to determine the specific heat, c, for unknown metal #1
(under solids tab). Use the formula: c = (q)/(m)(ΔT) where q = heat the metal lost; m =
mass of the metal; and T = the change in temperature of the metal (metal and water end
at same temperature value). (Note: An assumption in this type of calorimetry problem is
that in an ideal system the heat the metal lost = heat the water gained.) Use a set up
like you did in the experiment in #2 above to determine how much heat, q, the WATER
GAINED and use this value for “q” of the metal, that is, the heat the METAL LOST. Be
sure to briefly describe your experiment, record all measurements made, and to show
all calculations for determining the specific heat of the metal. From the specific heat
obtained, identify the metal.

Experiment #2 set-up

Given: m1 : 15g
m2 : 80g
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T1 : 150 C
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T2 : 20 C
Required: c = ?
Equation: c = (q)/(m)(ΔT)

Solution:
q= mcΔT
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q= (80 g)(4.184 J/g C)(2.56 C)
= 856.88 J

c = (q)/(m)(ΔT)
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= 856.88 J/ (15 g)(127.44 C)
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= 0.45 J/ g C of Iron

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Final answer: 0.45 J/ g C is the specific heat for the Iron.

V. Generalization
1. What is the relationship among the variables: heat, mass, specific heat, and
change in temperature?

The magnitude of the change, the mass of the system, and the substance and phase
involved all influence the amount of heat transferred (either released or absorbed) to
cause a temperature change. For starters, the amount of heat transmitted is directly
proportional to the change in temperature. The amount of heat transferred is also
proportional to the mass. The substance and phase in which it exists determine the
specific heat.

Furthermore, the equation Q = mcΔT expressed the quantitative relationship between

heat, mass, specific heat, and temperature change. Q is the heat transfer symbol, m is
the substance's mass, and ΔT is the temperature change. The symbol c denotes
specific heat, which varies depending on the substance and its phase. The amount of
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heat required to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 K or 1 C is
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known as its specific heat. J/g K or J/g C are the units of measurement.

2. What is/are the key take-away/s from this activity?

One of the most noticeable effects of heat transfer is temperature change: heating
raises the temperature while cooling lowers it. We assume there is no phase change
and that the system is not being worked on or by it. The activity reveals that three
factors influence the transferred heat: temperature change, system mass, and the
specific heat depending on the composition and phase of the substance.

Furthermore, the change in internal energy equals the heat transfer. This is due to the
fact that heat is proportional to the mass of the substance. As a result, the temperature
change and the mass of the solid are directly proportional.
Members:
Agbuya, Christian Josh
Cabalag, Arabela
Cleope, Raphael Allyson
Datingaling, Niña Eunice
Macaraeg, Shekinah S.
Pedrozo, Yhazmin Iris