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MUSIC
Quarter 2- Module 1
Afro-Latin American and
Popular Music
About the Module
This module is designed and written to help you discover and appreciate the Afro-Latin
American and Popular Music.

Module 1 will help you explore the following topics:

• Lesson 1: Music of Africa
• Lesson 2: Afro-Latin American Music
• Lesson 3: Jazz Music
• Lesson 4: Popular Music

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American and
popular music;
2. analyze the musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music
through listening activities; and
3. performs selections of Afro-Latin American and popular music in appropriate
pitch, rhythm, style, and expression.

What I Know

Let us see how much you know about the Afro-Latin American and Popular Music.
Read the statements below carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What is the fusion of West African with Black American music?

A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
2. What is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance?
A. Soca B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
3. What music comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son motuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero?
A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
4. What is also known as “soul of calypso”?
A. Soca B. Reggae C. Samba D. Apala
5. What was the popular music genre that has a combination of African-American
gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz?
A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
6. Who is the “Godfather of Soul Music”?
A. Ray Charles B. James Brown C. Jeff Baxter D. Sam Cooke

1
7. What Latin American dance form became a popular courtship dance with European
and African instrumentation and characteristics?
A. Rumba B. Tango C. Cumbia D. Chacha
8. Who was the King of Ragtime?
A. Scott Joplin B. Erik Satie C. Claude Debussy D. Jelly Roll Morton
9. Who was the Brazilian composer known as the foremost figure in bossa nova?
A. Bob Marley C. Carlos Jobim
B. Antonio Dadap D.Vincius de Moraes
10. Who was the best-known proponent of reggae music?
A. Bob Marley B. Peter Tosh C. Jimmy Cliff D. Dennis Brown
11. What term is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular
genre or style?
A. R & B B. Jazz C. Rock D. Standards
12. Who is the first proponent of standard music who was also known as the Chairman
of the Board?
A. Paul Anka B. Bing Crosby C. Frank Sinatra D. Nat King Cole
13. Which of the songs below was popularized by singer-songwriter Nat King Cole?
A. Unforgettable B. Annie’s Song C. Love Me Do D. Night Fever
14. What band was known as the most commercially successful band in the history of
popular music?
A. ABBA C. Bee Gees
B. The Beatles D. Earth, Wind & Fire
15. What is a succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of
the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in
response to the first?
A. Soul C. Maracatu
B. Spirituals D. Call and response

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 Lesson

1 Music of Africa

In this lesson, you are expected to:

1. analyze the musical characteristics of African Music;
2. describe the dance styles, rhythm, and instruments of African Music; and
3. make your own improvised African-inspired instrument.

What’s In

The picture on the left depicts Africans and their

traditional music.

What do you think are the unique characteristics of

African music based on the picture?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________
http://gg.gg/ms63
1

What’s New/What Is It

African music is a collective result of the cultural and musical diversity of more than
50 ethnic divisions of the continent. The organization of this vast continent is a colonial
legacy from European rule of the different nations up to the end of the 19 th century.
Thus, enabling it to incorporate its music with language, environment political
developments, immigration, and cultural diversity.

TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA

In most part of the continent is passed down orally (or aurally) and is not written.
African traditional music is used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death,
marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social
in nature, while many traditional societies view their music as entertainment.

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A. Characteristics of Traditional African Music
● Polyrhythms, ostinato
● the use of percussion, background shimmer
● close connection with the music and language
● participatory nature of the arts,
● close connection with the performing arts
● responsorial form

B. Genres of African Music

a. Afrobeat- a term used to describe the
fusion of West African with Black American
music.

b. Apala (Akpala)- is a musical genre from

Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to
wake up the worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.

c. Axe- is a popular musical genre from

Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil; fuses the Afro-
Caribbean styles of the marcha, reggae, and http://gg.gg/ms602
calypso, and is played by carnival bands.

d. Jit- is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums
with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.

e. Jive- is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a form of a swing dance

f. Juju- is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba
rhythms, where the instruments are more Western in origin.

g. Kwassa kwassa- is a dance style that begun in Zaire in the late 1980s, moving
the hips back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements

h. Marabi- is a South African three-chord township music which evolved into

African jazz
Listen to a few examples of these genres on Youtube through the links below:

1. Axe Bahia - Onda Onda ~Brazilian Dance : http://gg.gg/ms5xc

2. Kwassa kwassa: http://gg.gg/ms5xr
3. Marabi: http://gg.gg/ms5y4

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C. Latin American Music Influenced by African Music
Bob Marley
a. Reggae is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly
influenced by the island’s traditional mento music, as
well as by calypso, African music, American Jazz, and
rhythm and blues.

Bob Marley (Robert Nesta Marley) was a Jamaican

singer, songwriter, and musician. Considered one of
the pioneers of reggae, his musical career was marked
by fusing elements of reggae, ska, and rocksteady, as
well as his distinctive vocal and songwriting style. http://gg.gg/ms663

b. Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Columbian dance music. It comprises
various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha,
mambo and bolero.

c. Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. It has a lively and
rhythmical beat.

d. Soca is also known as the “Soul of Calypso.” It originated as a fusion of calypso

with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major
ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago.

e. Were is Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and
prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses
the African and European styles.
Listen to a few examples of these genres on Youtube through the links below:

1. Reggae: http://gg.gg/ms68h
2. Salsa: http://gg.gg/ms68q
3. Samba: http://gg.gg/ms691
4. Soca: http://gg.gg/ms69e

D. Vocal Forms of African Music

a. Maracatu is an ancient carnival tradition from the north-east of
Brazil. Maracatu has its roots in the sugar fazendas and slave estates of
Pernambuco state, where black African slaves formed religious brotherhoods to
preserve African culture and heritage.

b. Blues is an African-American music that traverses a wide range of emotions and

musical styles. “Feeling blue” is expressed in songs whose verses lament
injustice or express longing for a better life and lost loves, jobs, and money.
But blues is also a dance music that celebrates pleasure and success.

c. Soul was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s, with combined
elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.

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 James Brown was known as the “Godfather of Soul” James Brown
while Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson were also called
as “soul forefathers”.

d. Spirituals (also known as Negro spirituals) genre of

songs originating in the United States and created by
African Americans. Spirituals were originally an oral
tradition that imparted Christian values while also
describing the hardships of slavery. http://gg.gg/ms663

e. In music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually

written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a
direct commentary on or in response to the first.

Listen to a few examples of these genres on Youtube through the links below:

1. Maracatu: http://gg.gg/ms6f6
2. Blues: http://gg.gg/ms6fg
3. Soul: http://gg.gg/ms6fs
4. Call and response: http://gg.gg/ms6fw

E. African Musical Instruments

a. Idiophones: Sound is produced by striking

the body of the instrument causing it to
vibrate. Balafon Agogo Djembe

b. Lamellophones: In the classification of musical

instruments the kalimba
is in the category of lamellophones or plucked
idiophones. Kalimba is one of the names used for Kalimba Mbira
this 15-key African lamellophone, also
called mbira.

c. Membranophones: Sound is produced

by the vibration of a tightly stretched
membrane. Donno/ Bougarabou African Bongo
Talking Drum Drums

d. Chordophones: Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are

stretched between fixed points.

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e. Aerophones: Sound is produced by vibrating air.

Shofar/Kudu Algaita Gewa Fulani Zurn Horn

What I Have Learned

Let Us Think!
Write your learning in this lesson by completing the sentences below. Use another sheet
of paper for this activity.
1. African music is used as _____________________________________________________.
2. It is composed of different kinds of genres and music because ________________.
3. Even though I am a Filipino, I am studying African music to __________________.

What I Can Do

Choose one of the African instruments that you have learned from this lesson. Create
your own version of the instrument by using any available materials found at home.
Take a picture of your finished product and write a 1-2 sentence description about it
under. Use the criteria below as your guide.
Creativity 40 pts.
Description 40 pts.
Similarity to the Instrument 20 pts.
100 pts.

Lesson

2 Music of Afro-Latin America

In this lesson, you are expected to:

1. describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American;
2. appreciate Afro-Latin American music by listening or watching videos; and
3. write a short description of your favorite African music.

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 What’s In

In the previous lesson, we have learned how important music is to the lives of
the African people. We have seen how they create their music, sing and dance to it as
they express their feelings in different occasions.

Music is an important part of understanding the history and people of Latin

America. Africans, enslaved and free, brought new rhythms, dances, songs,
and musical practices with them to the Americans. They created unique harmonious
blends of song, dance, and performance.

What’s New/What is it

The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences: Indigenous,
Spanish-Portuguese, and African.

We use the term Afro-Latin to describe the types of music from Latin
American countries that were influenced by the black slave population that came from
Africa and was forced to establish itself mostly in major port cities.

Characteristics of Afro-Latin American music

1. Conversation: “Call and response” – a performance of voice interaction as an

answer to the first chant.
2. Improvisation: Non-scripted ways of singing that allow for sincere conversations.

Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin American Music

a. Bachata originates from bolero and son (and later, from the mid-1980s,
merengue). The original term used to name the genre was amargue ("bitterness",
"bitter music" or "blues music).

b. Batucada is a substyle of samba, an African-influenced Brazilian percussive

style, usually performed by an ensemble, known as bateria. Batucada is
characterized by its repetitive style and fast pace.

c. Cha cha cha is a dance of Cuban origin. It is danced to the music introduced
by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s.

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 d. Conga is a novelty line dance that was derived from the Cuban carnival dance
and became popular in the US in the 1930s and 1950s. The dancers form a long
line, which would usually turn into a circle.

e. Mambo is a Latin dance of Cuba which was developed in

the 1940s. The original ballroom dance which emerged
in Cuba and Mexico was related to the danzón, a little bit
faster and less rigid.

https://bit.ly/3farSiu

f. Tango is a dance that has influences from African, Native American and
European culture. Dances from the candombe ceremonies of former African
slave peoples helped shape the modern-day tango.

g. Pachanga is a genre of music which is described as a

mixture of son montuno and merengue and has an
accompanying signature style of dance. This type of
music has a festive, lively style and is marked by jocular,
mischievous lyrics.

https://bit.ly/3BWnrBI
h. Son Cubano is a genre of music and dance that originated in the highlands of
eastern Cuba during the late 19th century. It is a syncretic genre that blends
elements of Spanish and African origin.

i. Zouk is a partner dance which began in Brazil during the early 1990s.
Brazilian Zouk evolved from the partner dance known as the Lambada. ... The
most characteristic feature of Brazilian Zouk is the Tom Jobim
follower's upper body movements which are led out
of axis by intricate leading and following
techniques.

j. Bossa nova: A style of popular Brazilian music

derived from the samba but with more melodic and
harmonic complexity and less emphasis on
percussion. Antonio Carlos Jobim, also known as
Tom Jobim, was one of the
greatest Brazilian composers who was responsible
for writing so many of the classic Brazilian songs. http://gg.gg/ms87o

Watch and listen to these musical forms on Youtube through the links below:

1. Conga: http://gg.gg/ms89d 4. Son Cubano: http://gg.gg/ms8ai

2. Tango: http://gg.gg/ms89y 5. Zouk: http://gg.gg/ms8bj
3. Pachanga: http://gg.gg/ms8ae

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 What I Have Learned

What do you like most and least about African music? Write them in the table
below and on a separate sheet of paper.

What I like most about Afro-Latin What I like least about Afro-Latin
American Music American Music

What I Can Do

Describe a Song
Choose one song from the links given in this lesson. Write a paragraph (3-5
sentences) to describe the song. Do this on a separate sheet of paper with this format.

Name:_____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Title of the Song: ____________________________________________
Genre of Music: __________________________________
Description:

Lesson

3 Jazz Music

In this lesson, you are expected to:

1. discuss the musical characteristics of Jazz music;

2. listen to the links given for each Jazz form; and
3. make a short profile of one of the most popular Jazz music artists.

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 What’s In

In the previous lesson, we learned how Latin American music was influenced by
the black slave population from Africa. This time we will discuss another interesting
genre that they consider as an outlet for their deepest feelings.

What’s New/What Is It

Jazz, as a musical form, often improvisational, developed by

African Americans and influenced by both European harmonic
structure and African rhythms. It was developed partially from
ragtime and blues and is often characterized by syncopated
rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of
improvisation, and often deliberate deviations of pitch.

Jazz forms

Ragtime, a syncopated musical style, one forerunner of jazz and the

predominant style of American popular music from about 1899-
1917. Ragtime evolved in the playing of honky-tonk pianists along the
Mississippi and Missouri rivers in the last decades of the 19th
century. Viewed as the "King of Ragtime," Scott Joplin was the
foremost composer of the genre in the early 20th century, "The
Entertainer." Listen to Ragtime through this link http://gg.gg/ms8ju.

Big Band refers to a jazz group of ten or more musicians, usually featuring at least
three trumpets, two or more trombones, four or more saxophones, and a “rhythm
section” of accompanists playing some combination of piano, guitar, bass and drums.
Among the great Big Bands were the Glenn Miller Orchestra who played In the Mood
among many others. Listen to Big Band in this link http://gg.gg/ms8kn .

Bebop, as the revolutionary new style and sound eventually came to be known (the
origin of the word “bebop” partly stems from a nonsensical word used in improvised
scat singing) grew as both an offshoot of and reaction to big band swing music, which
was dominated by propulsive dance rhythms. Listen to Bebop at http://gg.gg/ms8lv .

Jazz Rock is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined
jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. The
term "jazz rock" is sometimes used as a synonym for "jazz fusion" and for music
performed by late 1960s and 1970s-era rock bands that added jazz elements to their
music. It is also a mix of funk and R&B (rhythm & blues).
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 What I Have Learned

Read each statement carefully and answer briefly. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper and label it with your name, year & section, date, What I Have Learned:
Activity 4 Q2: Module1-Lesson 3.

1. Trace the origin of jazz music.

2. Briefly describe the characteristics of each form.
3. Name one of the big bands that became popular.

What I Can Do

Research on various information of the different popular Jazz music artists in history.
Choose one artist and make a short profile about him/her. Follow the example below
and do this on a separate sheet of paper.

Born: (name)
(birthdate)
(address)
Occupation:
Years active:
Relatives
Awards:
Music Career
Genres:
Instruments:
Labels:

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 Lesson

4 Popular Music

In this lesson, you are expected to:

1. describe popular music and its genres; and

2. create a video showing popular music.

What’s In

Are you familiar with the artists in the collage?

Do you enjoy listening to their songs?
What do you call the kind of music they have? http://gg.gg/m
onnj

What’s New/What Is It

Popular music literally means “music of the populace” similar to

traditional folk music of the past. As it developed in the 20 th
century, pop music (as it has come to be called), generally
consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people,
whether on radio or in live performances. http://gg.gg/monn
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Types of Popular Music

A. Folk Music
This refers to melodies and songs of the common people that are handed down
from one generation to the next. In the 1960s and 1970s, folk music took on a
new character. Example musicians are Bob Dylan, John Denver, James Taylor
and the duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel.
Bob Dylan John Denver Paul Simon and Art James Taylor

http://gg.gg/mos http://gg.gg/mos http://gg.gg/mos

http://gg.gg/mos
Listen to John Denver’s “Annie’s Song” at http://gg.gg/mou3c and to James Taylor’s
“You’ve Got a Friend” at http://gg.gg/mou46 .
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B. Country and Western Music Kenny Rogers
Johnny
It is a blend of popular musical forms originally
found in the Southern United States. It has roots Cash
in traditional folk music and evolved rapidly in the
1920s. Country and Western music reflects the
people’s life experiences and local settings. Among
the pioneering country music artists are Johnny
Cash, Loretta Lynn, Roy Rogers, Patsy Cline and
Kenny Rogers. http://gg.gg/m http://gg.gg/m

Listen to Johnny Cash’ “Riders in the Sky” at http://gg.gg/moud4 and Kenny

Roger’s “Coward of the County” at http://gg.gg/moudu .

C. Ballads
The ballad originated as an expressive folk song in narrative verse
with text dealing typically with love. The word derived both from
the medieval French “chanson balladee” and “ballade” which
refers to dancing song. Used by poets and composers since the
18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19 th
century. Today, the term ballad refers to a love song in a slightly
pop or rock style. http://gg.gg/moui1
Listen to Don McLean in his song “And I Love You So” at http://gg.gg/moug8 .
Frank Sinatra Nat King Cole
D. Standards
In music, the term “standard” is used to
denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style. Its style is
mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a
relaxed mood. Among the foremost
proponents of this style are Frank Sinatra and
Nat King Cole. http://gg.gg/mot1 http://gg.gg/mot1

Listen to Frank Sinatra’s “The Way You Look Tonight” at http://gg.gg/moupr

and Nat King Cole’s “Unforgettable” at http://gg.gg/mouqo.

Elvis Presley The Beatles

E. Rock and Roll
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song
form in the US during the late 1940s to the
1960s. It combined Afro-American forms
such as the blues, jump blues, jazz and
gospel music with Western swing and
http://gg.gg/motxz http://gg.gg/mou0b
country music.
The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style was the legendary Elvis Presley.
Presley’s style was the precursor to that of “the most commercially successful
band in the history of popular music” known as The Beatles, whose compositions
further boosted rock and roll as the favorite genre of the times.
Listen to their songs at http://gg.gg/mouta for Presley’s “Jailhouse Rock” and
http://gg.gg/mouuk for The Beatles’ “Love Me Do”.

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F. Disco Music ABBA
Bee Gees
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop
music known as “disco”. This music pertained
to rock music that was more danceable, thus
leading to the establishment of venues for
public dancing also called discos. Superstars of http://gg.gg/mo
disco music genre include Bee Gees; ABBA; w6s
Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), and http://gg.gg/mo
Gloria Gaynor. wbe
Listen to The Bee Gees, ABBA, and Donna Summer through the following links:
o Bee Gees: “Night Fever” - http://gg.gg/mowyf
o Abba: “Dancing Queen” - http://gg.gg/mowzt
o Donna Summer: “Hot Stuff” - http://gg.gg/mowwl

G. Pop Music
Pop is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the
mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom. The terms popular
music and pop music are often used interchangeably, although the former
describes all music that is popular and includes many different styles.

Pop stars in more recent years include solo artists Celine Dion, Madonna,
Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Beyonce and many more. Perhaps the most
popular solo performer of all time is Michael Jackson who was a former member
of his family band “The Jackson 5”.

Michael Jackson Madonna Whitney Houston Mariah Carey

http://gg.gg/moy4o http://gg.gg/moybe http://gg.gg/moydb http://gg.gg/moyjw

Enjoy listening to their songs through the links below:

o Michael Jackson: “The Way You Make Me Feel” - http://gg.gg/moxug
o Madonna: “Material Girl” - http://gg.gg/moylk
o Mariah Carey: “All I Want for Christmas is You” - http://gg.gg/moyoh
H. Hip Hop and Rap Music
Eminem
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of
music that usually (but not always) includes portions of
rhythmically chanted words called “rap”. In rapping, the
artist speaks along with an instrumental or synthesized
beat. Among the famous rap artists are Beastie Boys,
http://gg.gg/moyw1
Eminem, Kanye West, Cardi B and Nicki Minaj.
Listen to Eminem’s “Lose Yourself” thru this link: http://gg.gg/moz25

15
 What I Have Learned

Did you enjoy listening to various genres of pop music? You may listen to more
songs on the internet, television, or the radio to discover more on popular music. At
this part, complete the sentences by adding your learnings from this lesson.
1. Popular music is ______________________________________________________.
2. The genres of popular music that I like are _____________________________.
3. I want to try making _______________music because ____________________.

What I Can Do

My Favorite Song
Ask one family member about their favorite pop song. Record a video of them
singing the song for 2-3 minutes. They may imitate the original singer’s signature
moves while performing. Make a short introduction about the video. Submit the
recorded video to your teacher through email or messenger.
For printed modular learning students, you may just write the lyrics of your
family member’s favorite song and write a 3-sentence explanation why this is his/her
favorite song.

Criteria for grading:

Musicality 50 %
Expression 20%
Personality 20%
Over-all Impact 10%

16
 Assessment

Let us see how much you remembered our lesson for Module 1. Read the items below
carefully. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What music comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son motuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero?
A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
2. What is the fusion of West African with Black American music?
A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
3. What is also known as “soul of calypso”?
A. Soca B. Reggae C. Samba D. Apala
4. What Latin American dance form became a popular courtship dance with European
and African instrumentation and characteristics?
A. Rumba B. Tango C. Cumbia D. Chacha
5. What is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance?
A. Soca B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
6. What was the popular music genre that has a combination of African-American
gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz?
A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat
7. Who is the “Godfather of Soul Music”?
A. Ray Charles B. James Brown C. Jeff Baxter D. Sam Cooke
8. Who was the Brazilian composer known as the foremost figure in bossa nova?
A. Bob Marley C. Carlos Jobim
B. Antonio Dadap D.Vincius de Moraes
9. What term is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular
genre or style?
A. R & B B. Jazz C. Rock D. Standards
10. Who was the King of Ragtime?
A. Scott Joplin B. Erik Satie C. Claude Debussy D. Jelly Roll Morton
11. Who was the best-known proponent of reggae music?
A. Bob Marley B. Peter Tosh C. Jimmy Cliff D. Dennis Brown
12. Who is the first proponent of standard music who was also known as the Chairman
of the Board?
A. Paul Anka B. Bing Crosby C. Frank Sinatra D. Nat King Cole
13. Which of the songs below was popularized by singer-songwriter Nat King Cole?
A. Unforgettable B. Annie’s Song C. Love Me Do D. Night Fever
14. What is a succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of
the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in
response to the first?
A. Soul B. Spirituals C. Maracatu D. Call and response
15. What band was known as the most commercially successful band in the history of
popular music?
A. ABBA B. The Beatles C. Bee Gees D. Earth, Wind & Fire

17
References

Books

Raul M. Sunico, PhD, et..al. 2015. Horizons: Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
Filipinos: Grade 10 Learner's Material pp. . Tawid Publications.

Online References

African Music Pics and Videos Retrieved on September 16, 2020, Retrieved from:
Cape town African Abstract Painting
https://www.africanoverlandtours.com/overland-africa-blog/cape-towns-top-10-art-
galleries/
Afrobeat Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LEuVP-du58
Afrobeat Pic: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/284571270191972486/
Apala Music Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lswSQuBPaJk
Apala Pic: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Yoruba_People
Axe Video://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUR54P2ETyo
Axe Pic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%A9_(music)
Jive Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SO4O873MsXk
Jive Pic: https://www.wikidancesport.com/wiki/41/jive
Juju Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7uNBC6VEuA
Juju Pic: https://wlcomesunshine.com/blogs/magazine/la-tendance-Juju-hat-ou-
quand-la-deco-sempare-dune-tradition-tribale-camerounaise
Kwassa Kwassa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arxHc7hU1Tg
Kwassa Kwassa Pic: https://theproofthedance.wordpress.com/contact/
Marabi Video/Pic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EkZAEKbvfM
Reggae Video/Pic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgKX3JMZbNw
Salsa Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4MAFLeWY7c
Salsa Pic: https://theislandjournal.com/2014/03/08/salsa-dancing/
African Samba: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQfIYCA57-M
African Music Retrieved on: September 17, 2020, Retrieved from:
Samba Pic: https://www.amazon.com/Feather-Brazil-Carnival-Costume-
Samba/dp/B07V2PDT28
Soca Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuvt8kN5EXI
Soca Dancer: https://www.mixcloud.com/djicenj/soca-calypso-mix-2019/
Were Pic: https://www.auralarchipelago.com/auralarchipelago/obrog
Ray Charles Blues: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-Wi_-vdSAE
Ray Charles Pic: https://www.investors.com/news/management/leaders-and-
success/ray-charles-sang-the-blues-all-the-way-to-the-top-of-pop-music/
James Brown Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NNrucQcB8
James Brown Pic: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JamesBrownNY87.jpg
Negro Spirituals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epVJNoU1DEU
Spirituals Pic: https://afram101autumn2015.wordpress.com/2015/11/20/wading-
into-freedom-an-underground-negro-spiritual/
Call & Response: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmjuKRvdEM8
https://www.twenty20.com/photos/8f9bcc66-277d-40f2-9422-46582cb0a9c2

African Instruments Images Retrieved on: Sept. 30, 2020 from:

Balafon: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/311663236696843193/
Shekere: https://www.pics4learning.com/details.php?img=afrrattles.jpg
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