A B C D E F G H I J K

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EXPONENTIAL
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FUNCTIONS
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General Mathematics
Lesson 4
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Most Essential Learning Competencies

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❑ M11GM-Ie-3: represents real-life situations using exponential
functions.
6 ❑ M11GM-Ie-4: distinguishes between exponential function, exponential
7 equation, and exponential inequality.
❑ M11GM-Ie-f-1: solves exponential equations and inequalities.
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❑ M11GM-If-2: represents exponential function through its (a) table of
9 values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
10 ❑ M11GM-If-3: finds the domain and range of an exponential function.
❑ M11GM-If-4: determines the intercepts, zeroes, and the asymptotes of
11 an exponential function.
12 ❑ M11GM-Ig-2: solves problems involving exponential functions,
equations, and inequalities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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01 02
5 Representations Solving
6 of Exponential Exponential
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Functions Equations and
8 Inequalities
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03 04
10 Domain and Range Solving Problems
11 of Eqponential involving
12 Functions Exponential
13 Functions
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6 Representations
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8 of Exponential
Functions
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Exponential Function
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5 Definition:
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7 An exponential function with base b is a function
8 of the form
9 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥 or𝑦 = 𝑏𝑥, where b > 0, b  1.
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11 The transformation of this function is of the form:
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𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑥±𝑐 ± 𝑑,
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where a, c, and d are real numbers
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Real-Life Applications of Exponentials

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A. Exponential/Population Growth
Suppose a quantity y increases every T units of time and let 𝑦0 be the
6 initial amount, then the quantity y after T units of time is given by the
𝑡

7 formula 𝑦 = 𝑦0 1 + 𝑟 𝑇 where 1+r is the growth factor.

8 B. Exponential Decay
Suppose a quantity y decreases every T units of time and let 𝑦0 be the
9 initial amount, then the quantity y after T units of time is given by the
𝑡
10 formula 𝑦 = 𝑦0 1 − 𝑟 𝑇 where 1+r is the decay factor.
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C. Compound Interest
12 If the interest earned on money in a savings account is allowed to
𝑟 𝑚𝑡
13 accumulate, the formula is given by 𝐹 = 𝑃 1 + 𝑚 , where F is the amount in

14 the account after t years, P is the initial deposit, r is the annual rate, m
is the number of times a year the interest is paid, and t is time passed.
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Exponential/Population Growth
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5 Suppose Taguig City with population
6 804,915 in 2017 has been growing at a
rate of 4.32% per year. If this rate
7 continues, find the projected population
8 in the year 2022
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Exponential Decay
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5 A certain radioactive substance decays
6 half of itself every 5 days. Initially,
there are 50 grams. Determine the amount
7 of substance left after 30 days, and
8 give an exponential model for the amount
of the remaining substance.
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Compound Interest
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5 Aling Dionisia deposits ₱10,000.00 in
6 BDO that pays 3% compounded interest
annually. Define an exponential model
7 for this situation. How much will she
8 have after 11 years without withdrawal?
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The Natural Exponential Function

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5 THE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL
6 FUNCTION
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While an exponential function may have
8 various bases, a frequently used base is
9 the irrational number e, whose value is
approximately 2.71828. Because e is a
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commonly used base, the natural
11 exponential function is defined as
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𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙
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02
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5 Solving
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7 Exponential
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9 Equations and
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Inequalities
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4 An exponential
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6 expression is an
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EXPONENTIAL expression of the
EXPRESSION
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9 form 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑,
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where b > 0 and
12 b  1
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3 Exponential FUNCTIONS, EQUATIONS, AND INEQUALITIES
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EXP. EQUATIONS EXP. INEQUALITIES EXP. FUNCTIONS
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7 An equation An inequality Function of the
8 involving involving form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥,
9 exponential exponential where b>0 and
expressions. expressions. b1
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2 1 𝑓 𝑥 = 1.8 𝑥
13 72𝑥−𝑥 = 52𝑥 − 5𝑥+1 ≤0
343 or 𝑦 = 1.8 𝑥
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RECALL
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Definition: Theorem:
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Let r and s be rational
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Let a0. We define the
numbers. Then,
following: 𝑟 𝑠 𝑟+𝑠
7 1 1. 𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑎0 = 1 and 𝑎−𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟
8 𝑎𝑛 2. 𝑠 = 𝑎𝑟−𝑠
9 𝑎
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One-to-one Property 3. 𝑎𝑟 𝑠 = 𝑎𝑟𝑠
If 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑏 𝑥2 .
11 Conversely, if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then
4. 𝑎𝑏 𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑟
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 𝑎 𝑟 𝑎𝑟
12 5. =
𝑏 𝑏𝑟
13 So the strategy to solve exponential
equations is to write both sides of the
14 equation as powers of the same base.
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To solve: EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS

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5 4𝑥−1 = 16 125𝑥−1 = 25𝑥+3
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To solve: EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS

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9 𝑥 = 3𝑥+3 42𝑥−3 = 32𝑥+1
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Property of Exponential Inequality

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5 ❑ If b > 1, then the exponential function
6 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥 is increasing for all x. This means
7 that 𝑏 𝑥 < 𝑏 𝑦 if and only if x < y.
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9 ❑ If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function
10 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥 is decreasing for all x. This means
11 that 𝑏 𝑥 > 𝑏 𝑦 if and only if x < y
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3 To solve: EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES
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5 3𝑥 < 9𝑥−2 24𝑥−4 < 8𝑥
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5 Domain and
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7 Range of
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9 Exponential
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Functions
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 Properties of Exponential
Functions
Transformation
and Domain and
Range of CTRL+CLICK THE
Exponential TITLES

Functions
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Zeroes,

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6 Intercepts,
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8 Asymptotes of
Exponential
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Functions
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Zeroes, Intercepts &
Asymptotes of Exponential
Functions

CTRL+CLICK THE
TITLES