Nomenclature

Dk : annual demand of end user k, m 3 / year

PC: annual costs for the water production stage from water resources, CNY

DC: annual costs for the water distribution stage from water resources, CNY

TC: annual costs for the water treatment stage from water resources, CNY

W I k : end user k’s wastewater quantity, m3 / year

QWI: relative quantity of supplied water for end users

QW I P:quantity of phosphorus in the supplied water for end users, mg/l

Cre p P: effective representation of the physical water characteristics

WE: quantity of treated water in the water treatment stage, m 3 / year

QWE: relative quantity of treated water in the water treatment stage

QW E P : quantity of phosphorus in the treated water in the water treatment stage, mg/l

t: electricity price, CNY/kwh

e ipro: energy consumption in the water production stage, kwh/m3

e TT : energy consumption to convert wastewater into treated water in the water treatment stage,
kwh/m3

e TN
i : i=4,5: energy consumption when changing NEWater into potable or non-potable water in the
water treatment stage, kwh/m3

P i: volume of water resource I in the water production stage, m 3 / year

LiDis: i=1,2: pipeline length from water source I to water users, km

LTre: pipeline length of wastewater transportation from wastewater production to treatment, km

α: proportion of NEWater for indirect potable use

β: proportion of NEWater for direct non-potable use

Min F 1=PC+DC+TC
5 5
Min F 2=
(∑ )
i=1
(
Pi × QWI − WE−∑ Pi ×QWE
i =1
)
 3
PC =∑ (t ×e ipro × P¿¿ i)¿
i=1

(
DC= 49+18.5 LiDis −
0.04 ∑ Pi
i=1
365
)(
+ 49+18.5 LDis
i −
0.04 P5
365 )
2

TT TN TN
TC=( t × e ×WE ) +t × ( e × P 4 +e × P5 ) + 49+ 18.5 L −
4 5 ( Tre
0.04 ∑ W I k
k=1
365
)
P4 =α × WE

P5=(1−α )×WE
2
WE=β × ∑ W I k × 0.85
k=1

Cre f p
QWI =min ⁡(1: )
QW I p
Cre f p
QWE=min ⁡(1 : )
QW E p
5 2

∑ Pi ≥ ∑ W I k
i=1 k=1

α , β , P i> 0 ,i=1,2,3 … 5

e Pro
1

e Pro
2

e Pro
3
 e TT

e TT
4

L1Dis

L2Dis

LTre

Cre f P

QW E p

e TT
5