Abhidhamma 1

pdwyf ikd ;f aoHo&mvrf;ñTetf bd"r®moifwef;
a
rmwdum
pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

ed'ge;f
oHo&mvrf;ñTef tbd"r®mjrifuGi;f (u)
usr;f jyKq&mtEk½'k g¨ \ &wemoH;k yg;ud&k cdS ;kd jcif; 1
tbd"r®moif½;kd oN*KØ [f ( 9 ) ydik ;f 7
tbd"r®moif,&l jcif;&nf&G,cf suEf iS hf tusK;d w&m; 7
Ak'¨tbd"r®m 9
tbd"r®w¬ w&m; ( 5 ) yg; 11
y&rw¬w&m; ( 4 ) yg; 11
ynwfEiS hf y&rwf 11
31 bHjk yZ,m; 12
bHk ESihf pdwf 13
a0'em ( 5 ) rsK;d 14
1/ umrm0p&pdwf
tukov
kd pf w
d f ( 12 ) yg; 15
t[dwpf w
d f ( 18 ) yg; 24
umraombepdwf ( 24 ) yg; 32
2/ ½lyg0p&pdwf 40
½lyg0p& ukov kd pf w
d f ( 5 ) yg; 40
½lyg0p& 0dygupf w
d f ( 5 )yg; 45
½lyg0p& Bu,d mpdwf ( 5 ) yg; 45
3/ t½lyg0p&pdwf 46
t½lyg0p& ukov kd pf w
d f ( 4 ) yg; 47
t½lyg0p& 0dygupf w
d f ( 4 )yg; 49
t½lyg0p& Bu,d mpdwf ( 4 ) yg; 49
4/ avmukw&å mpdwf 49
avmukw&å mpdwf tusO;f ( 8 )yg; 50
avmukw&å mpdwf tus,f ( 40 )yg; 50
pdwt
f usO;f tus,uf o
kd ½kycf yJG kH 51
5/ pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mrSwo
f m;zG,&f mrsm; 62
6/ pdwyf ikd ;f ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm; 65
usr;f ud;k pm&if;
cufqpft"dyÜm,ftESpfcsKyf 73
7/ jrefrm-t*Fvdyfa0g[m&rsm; 74
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a apwoduyf ikd ;f
rmwdum
apwoduf vu©Pm ( 4 )yg; 79
1/ tnormef;apwoduf 80
2/ tukov
kd af pwoduf 14 yg; 83
3/ aombeapwoduf 25 yg; 86
4/ pdwEf iS hf apwoduf ,SOef nf; 91
5/ orÜa,m*enf; 91
6/ o*F[enf; 96
7/ 0daoou apwoduf ( 10 )yg; 101
8/ ed,w? ted,wa,m*D 102
emem*wmpd? o[*wmpd 103
trsm;qH;k ? tNrJwrf;? wpfNyKd ief uf ,SOef nf; 104
9/ apwoduyf ikd ;f ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm; 107
10/ jrefrm - t*Fvyd af 0g[m&rsm; 118

aoHo&mvrf;ñTetf bd"r®moifwef;
a
yudP;f ydik ;f
rmwdum
o*F[ ( 6 ) rsKd;
1/ a0'emo*F[ 121
2/ a[wko*F[ 126
3/ udpo
ö *F[ 128
4/ 'Gg&o*F[ 132
5/ tm&r®Po*F[ 138
6/ 0w¬Ko*F[ 155
7/ yudP;f ydik ;f ar;cGe;f rsm; 162
8/ jrefrm - t*Fvyd af 0g[m&rsm; 172

GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh u
a
EF
oHo&mvrf;ñTef tbd"r®mjrifuiG ;f
tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwikd ;f avhvmqnf;yl;oihyf gw,f/
* ynmwumh ynmawGxJrSm wefzdk;t&SdqHk; ynm? oHo&mrSm usifvnfaeoa&GU tqdk;
taumif;? taMumif;eJt Y usK;d udk rSeu
f efpGm odjrifEikd af om ynm?
xdyk nmudk jrwfA'k ¨ omoemwGi;f rSmrS od&adS vhvmvdYk &ygr,f/
ukov kd jf yK&if pdwb f ,fvxkd m;&r,f? b,ft&mawG[m tukov kd jf zpfapovJ qdw
k mawGu
tp tbd"r®mw&m;awmfrmS ygygw,f/
rdrud , kd rf rd d ydo
k v
d matmif tbd"r®mudk oif,al vhvm usiBfh uMH uygp/Ykd
a'guw
f m0if;pnfol
M.B.,B.S ( YGN )
( 52 ) vrf;? ykZGeaf wmifNrKd eU ,f/
tbd"r®moifwef;odw Yk ufa&mufyal Zmf&jcif;aMumifh -

* bk&m;&Scd ;kd ? trQa0wwfvmjcif;? tukov kd -f ukovkd rf sm;taMumif; &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;
odvmjcif;? rdrqd rD mS &Sad eaom raumif;onft h &mrsm;udk qifjcifo;kH oyfrjd cif;? olrsm; ud, k hf
tay: jyKrl? ajymqdkonfrsm;udk cGifhvTwfOayu©mjyKwwfvmjcif;?bk&m;? w&m;?oHCm? rdb?
q&m orm;wdkY\ *kPfaus;Zl;awmfrsm;udk ydkrkd odjrifvmjcif; ponfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&Sd
ygonf/
arwåmapwemjzifh vma&mufoifMum;ydcYk say;aom q&mra':aiG&nfO;D udv k nf; aus;Zl;wif
í ,aeYrpS í tNrJarwåmydt Yk yfygonf/
rat;at;cdik f
vomNrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /U
,cifrod&Sd&ao;aom w&m;"r®\ oabmtrSefw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfod&SdcGihf&í tvGef

* auseyf0rf;omrdygonf/ aemiftouf&Sifaeao;aomumvrsm;udk wefzdk;&Sd&Sd toHk;cs
&Sio
f ef Edik &f ef BuKd ;pm;vdpk w
d rf sm; jzpfryd gonf/ tvGet
f usK;d rsm;aom oifwef;jzpfygí vlwikd ;f
wufa&mufoifyh gonf/
a':pef;pef;axG;
vomNrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /U
tbd"r®moifwef;odkY wufa&mufylaZmf&jcif;tm;jzifh rdrd\ jyKrlaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay:
* oHk;oyfqifjcifEdkifrI&Sdvmjcif;? ukokdvfESifh tukodkvfpdwfudk cGJjcm;em;vnfjcif;? ukodkvf
aumif;rIjyK&mwGif xm;&Sdoifhaom pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh uH? uH\tusKd;? avmbpdwf\
qd;k usK;d ESihf rmefrmexm;jcif;\ qd;k usK;d rsm;udk od&edS m;vnfNy;D qifjcifrw
I &m;udk BuKd ;pm;vkyf
aqmifEdkifrI &Sdvmygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\*kPfawmfrsm;udk ydkrdkem;vnfvmNyD; Ak'¨bmom0if
GH
c
a
EF
wpfO;D jzpf&onft h wGuf *kP,f wl wfvmygonf/ omoemtusK;d udk ydrk akd qmif&u G v
f pkd w
d Ef iS hf
rdro
d &d rdS w
S o
f m;&orQukd wpfyg;oltm; jyefvnf&iS ;f jyí ukov
kd ,
f v
l pkd w
d rf sm;vnf; jzpfymG ;&
ygonf/
a':pef;at; B.Com ( vrf;rawmf? &efuek f )
Firstly, after attending the short term course, I learn lots of valuable things that let me
* know how to behave myself properly and systematically not for the short period of
time but for the rest of my life . In addition, I came to realise the core of Buddhism
and a devout Buddhist is what I want to be by practising what I have learnt. Finally, this
is the stepping stone of the Nibbana.
Nay Min Htun. 18 years, GCE Olevel (Lanmadaw T/S., Yangon.)
uRefawmfhtaejzifht&ifuodxm;NyD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; þtbd"r®moifwef;

* wufjcif;aMumifh ydrk &kd iS ;f vif;odjrif&ygonf/ t"dutm;jzifh aeYpOf aeYwikd ;f jzpfysuaf om udpö
tay:ü rnfuJhodkY pdwfaumif;xm;&rnfudk em;vnfoabmaygufvmygw,f/ ukodkvf?
tukodkvfpdwfrsm;udk a0zefydkif;jcm;vmEdkifNyD; taumif;jrifpdwfrsm;udk ydkrdkjzpfapygw,f/
uRefawmfþoifwef;aMumifh odem;vnfaom todynmrsm;udkvnf; uRefawmf\
ywf0ef;usif &Sdvlrsm;udk wwfEdkifoavmuf jyefvnfajymjycsifpdwfrsm; jzpfapygw,f/
þodyYk nmydcYk say; aom q&mr a':aiG&nfO;D tm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&ydS g onf/
armifrif;oD[
vrf;rawmfNrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /U
Although I only attended these classes, I learned a lot of valuable lessons. I have limited
*
.
knowledge with Myanmar language. I learned that we need to feel the right thing at the
right time. Anger and greed are two of the most difficult emotion to control. But after
listening I think I am getting better at them. To sum up I learned how to behave in life and
to be a better human. This is only part of whole I learn, there are many things left but it
would take a long time to right. I hope I interpret everything, you said the right way.
Zaw Win Tun. (17 years) 11Grade. (ILBC)
rdr\
d pdwu f jkd yefvnfqef;ppfí jyKjyif&rnfrsm;udk trsm;tjym;awGcU yhJ gonf/ rdrrd odí trSwf
* wrJh jyKrcl Jah om udp&ö yfrsm;vnf; trSm;rsm;? tukov dk pf w
d rf sm; jzpfaeonfudk od&í rsm;pGm
xdwfvefYrdcJh&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifhpdwfudk wwfEdkifoí owduyfNyD; jyKjyif,lawmhrnf[k
qifjcif rdygonf/ jyKjyifjzpfatmifvnf; jyKjyifygrnf/ tbd"r®moifwef;onf uRefrwdkY
twGuf ,ck ypöKyeÜ t f wGuo f mru aemifoo H &mtwGuyf g jyKjyifajymif;vJ jyifqif Edik af tmif
tod? owdrsm;udk ay;pGr;f aomaMumifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh aus;Zl;txl; wif&ydS gonf/
a':at;at;armf
prf;acsmif;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /U
GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh *
a
EF
tbd"r®mw&m;udk oif,l&jcif;onf tukodkvfpdwfrsm;avsmhapí ukodkvfpdwfrsm; yGm;rsm;

* vmapygonf/ apwemydk&SdNyD;? ydkí onf;cHwwfvmygonf/ udpöawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
taumif;bufu awG;wwfvmygonf/ bk&m;w&m;udprö sm;vnf; ydík vkyyf gonf/ jrwfpGm
bk&m;\w&m;rsm;udk ydkíem;vnfvmygonf/ oifwef;umvwGif pdwfrsm; tvGefat;ae
ygonf/ Murf;wrf;aompum;? aumufuspfaomtBuHrsm;vnf; avsmhenf;oGm;ygonf/
olwpfyg;udk avSmif&,fjcif;ESifh olwpfyg;udk txifao;jcif; avsmhyg;oGm;ygonf/ þodkY
tbd"r®mw&m;udkem,ljcif;onf uRefrtwGuf tvGeftaxmuftuljyKygonf/ aemuf
aemif tcsed &f &if qufvufoif,cl siyf gao;onf/
rqkvmbf&wem
vIid Nf rKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /U
tbd"r®moifwef;odw Yk ufa&mufcGi&hf í tvGeaf useyf0rf;omrdygonf/ tukov kd ?f ukovkd f
* rsm;taMumif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odvmygonf/ omoemtusKd;udk ydkrdkaqmif&GufvdkpdwfESifh
rodao;aomw&m;rsm;udk olwpfyg;tm; jyefvnfí "r®'gejyefvnfjyKcsifygonf/ q&mr
udvk nf; txl; aus;Zl;wifyg onf/
a'guwf m0if;0if;ausmf
wJGbufygarmu©? ESv;kH aoG;aMumcJGpw
d q
f &m0efBu;D
&efuek af q;½HBk u;D
rodao;aom "r®taMumif;t&mrsm;udk odvm&jcif;? ,cifavhvmcJhaom "r®taMumif;
* t&mrsm;tay: ydkrdkxif&Sm;&Sif;vif;vmjcif;? ukodkvf? tukodkvf? a&Smif&ef? aqmif&efESifh
edAmÁ efu&dk nfp;l aom ukov kd rf sm; vkyaf qmifwwfvmjcif;? tbd"r®mudk ( 9 )ydik ;f vH;k avhvm
oif,lvdkjcif;? tbd"r®mESifhb0 wpfxyfwnf;usatmifae&ef BudK;pm;oGm;rnf[k cH,ljcif;?
Ak'b ¨ mom\ tajccHtcsuw f pfcw k Giyf g0ifaom taMumif;tusK;d qufpyfruI kd ,cifxuf
ydík ,HMk unfcikd rf mvmjcif;wdu Yk kd od&cdS pH m;&ygonf/
OD;pdk;rdk;aemif
a&aMumif;t&m&Sd ( Nird ;f )
odyb HÜ UGJ
uRerf onf Ak'b
¨ mom0ifwpfO;D jzpfygonf/ ,cif yDyjD yifjyifav;av;eufeuf rod&cdS Jo
h nf
* udk q&mr a':aiG&nfOD; aus;Zl;jzifh od&SdcJh&onfhtwGuf azmfrjywwfatmifyif av;pm;pGm
aus;Zl;wifrdygonf/ tcsdef&SdorQ xGufouftxd owdw&m;vufudkifxm;í q&mr\
a[mMum; cJo
h nfwh &m;rsm;udk rarYravsmh vdu k ef maqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
a':cifrmausmf
&wema&mif;0,fa&;
B.Sc Marine
trSw(f 9 )? jynfawmfat;&dyo
f mvrf;? urÇmat;/
GH
C
a
EF
pdwcf sr;f omw,f/ todÓPfw;kd ygw,f/ todw;dk ojzifh owdygyjkd yKryd gw,f/ owdtodjzifh
* udpöwdkif; qifjcifNyD; vkyfrdygw,f/ cgwdkif;w&m;xdkifwJhtodESifh tbd"r®moifí&aomtod
vufawGeU JY pmawGU wpfxyfxJusovdk cHpm;&ygw,f/ rdru d ,
kd uf akd useyfryd gw,f/ oifMum;
ay;wJq h &mreJY oifMum;Edik &f ef aqmif&Guaf y;Muaom rdwaf qGrsm;udk aus;Zl;wifryd gw,f/
w&m;tm;xkwaf eMuwJah ,m*Dwikd ;f oifxm;^wwfxm;oifw h ,f[v k J xifjrifryd gw,f/
a':cifoef;vif;
tkycf sKyrf 'I g½u
kd w
f m
Circus Foodstuff Co-op Ltd.
A.G.T.I (Civil), B.Econ III year
þb0rSmyif jrwfbk&m;&Sif\ udk,fwkdifusifhBuHawmfrlNyD;&cJhonfh usifhpOfrsm;udk em,lí

* 0dyóembm0emrsm; usifhBuHtm;xkwfjcif;jzifh edAÁmefrsufarSmufjyK&ef &nf&G,fqE´ jyif;jycJh
onfhtwkdif; usifhBuHtm;xkwfoGm;&ef þtbd"r®mw&m;onf avsmhyg;aeaom pdwf"mwf
rsm;tm; txl;yhHydk;ay;jcif;jzifh qE´tm;BuD;pGmjzifh usifhBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfoGm;ygawmhrnf
jzpfyg onf/
a':cifyyYkd Ykd (c) a':wifEJGU OD;
TOP CHOICE pmtkyv f yk if ef;
oocFg&duESifh trsm;qHk;oifwef;udkvma&mufcJhonfrSm trSefjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf w&m;

* awmfrsm; em,laeqJtcsed w f iG f t-ocFg&u
d tjzpf0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfomG ;&Ny;D rdrrd o d m;pk
rsm;udkvnf; umv'ge jyKolrsm;\ apwem? oifjyay;aom q&mr\arwåmESifh rdrdrSwfrd
orQaomw&m;rsm;udk jyefvnfajymjy&if;? rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; rdrdpdwfudkjyKjyif&if; rdrduJhodkY
eD;pyforl sm;udv
k nf; oifwef;wufapcsiaf om pdwEf iS hf rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd f jyKjyifvmEdik o f nfh tusK;d
aus;Zl;rsm; &&Scd Jyh gonf/
a':at;rGef&Sdef
B.Ed. txufwef;( Nir d ;f )
trSw(f 39-bD )? a&TawmifMum;vrf;?
A[ef;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek /f
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
u u u u u u u u u u uu
oHo&mvrf;ñTeftbd"r®moifwef;
tbd"r®m (yxrqifh)
pdwyf ikd ;f rSwpf k
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
a
GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh 1
a
EF
]earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morºK'ó

¨ }
tbd"r®wo¬ *F[ - tbd"r®m oN*KØ [u f sr;f

( tbd"r®m tESpcf sKyu
f sr;f )
o
jkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkj o
usr;f jyKq&m tEk½'k g¨ rax&f\ &wemoH;k yg;udk &Scd ;kd jcif;ESi0hf efccH suf
o
jkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkj o
or®m orºK'¨ rwkvH
o-o'¨r® *Pkwrå H
tbd0g',
d bmodóH
tbd"r®w¬ o*F[/H
ig tEk½'k g¨ rax&fjrwfonf . . .
- y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif&mS ;&So
d nfh olawmfaumif;wd\
Yk w&m;awmfjrwfukd vnf;aumif;
- jrwfaomt&d,m oHCmawmf taygi;f udk vnf;aumif;
- oDvtp&Sdaom *kPfawmfwdkYaMumifh wkEdkifolr&Sdojzifh twkv*kPfESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom
bk&m;&Sif udk vnf;aumif;
- cyfodrf;aomw&m;wdkYudk razmufrjyef o,rÇLÓPfjzihf rdrdtvdkvdkom odawmfrlaom
aMumifh or®morºK'*¨ P
k Ef iS v
hf nf; jynfph akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;udv
k nf;aumif; ? tEÅ&m,f
uif;apjcif;? usrf;udk acsmarmpGm a&;om;NyD;apjcif;iSm MunfMunfEl;El; txl;ojzifh &Sdcdk;í
tbd"r®w¬ o*F[usr;f udk pD&ifygawmht/hH
t[H = tuREyfk o
f nf
oo'¨rH® = olawmfaumif;wd\
Yk w&m;? y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif&mS ;&Sad omw&m;? cs;D rGr;f tyf
(w&m;*kP)f aom w&m;ESiw
hf uG jzpfawmfral om
o*Pkwrå H = ausmaf pmaom ykxZk Ofy*k Kd¾ vw f x
Ykd uf txl;ojzihf ausmaf pmaom
(oHCm*kP)f EIwt f yfNy;D aom? t0dZmÆ &Sad om? jrwfaomt&d,m yk*Kd¾ vt f aygi;f ESiw
hf uG
jzpfawmfrlxaom
(*Pkwrå H = *P + OwårH = OwårH = oky#Ü yd EÜ pé aom *kPt f m;jzifh
jrifjh rwfaom? *P = yk*Kd¾ vt f aygi;f )
twkvH = oDvtp&Sad om *kPaf wmfwaYkd Mumifh wpfpw kH pfa,mufaomolEiS hf
(bk&m;*kP)f wlawmfrrlxaom
GH
2
a
EF
or®morºK'H¨ = ocFw + tocFw tm;jzifh jym;aomcyford ;f aom w&m;wdu Yk kd razmufrjyef

(bk&m;*kP)f o,rÇLÓPfjzifh rdrtd vdvk o kd m odawmfrNl y;D aom jrwfpGmbk&m;ud?k
(tbd0E´mrd - tEÅ&m,fuif;aysmuf ? usr;f Ny;D ajrmufzYkd ? cs;D ajrm§ ufaxmrem ?
vGepf GmMunfE;l txl;ojzifh &Scd ;kd yg\/)
tbd0g',
d = txl;ojzifh &Scd ;kd Ny;D í?
tbd"r®wo
¬ *F[H = tbd"r®m? a'oem\ vGepf Gmus,0f ef;? teuf&if;ud?k tusO;f csKH ;um?
odr;f ,l&m\tjzpfaMumif?h tbd"r®wo
¬ N*KØ [af c:qv
kd ufoef;? t|uxm
usr;f ud?k
bmodóH = rdeq
Yf kd wDxiG f pD&ifaytH/h
þtbd"r®wo¬ *F[ (tbd"r®mtESpcf sKy)f usr;f udk ra&;om;rD tEÅ&m,frsm;rusa&mufap&ef?

usr;f pmudk aumif;rGepf mG a&;om;Ny;D pD;ap&ef [laom &nf&, G cf sujf zifh bk&m; + w&m; + oHCmwdt
Yk m;
&Scd ;kd jcif; jzpfonf/
k
k
or®morÁK'¨
(or®m = razmufrjyef + oH = ud, k af wmfwikd f + Ak'¨ = odawmfrjl cif;)
razmufrjyef ud,
k af wmfwikd f opöm (4) yg; udkodawmfral om oAÁnKw bk&m;&Si[ f k odapvdak om
aMumifh ]or®morÁK'}¨ [lí qdok nf/
k
k
Ak'¨
Ak'¨ = odjcif; = odojl zpf\/ tMum;tjrifrsm;aom yk*Kd¾ vu
f kd okwAk'¨ [kq&kd \/
k
k
or®mAk'¨
om0u taygi;f onf or®mAk'¨ jzpf\/ or®mAk'¨ ( 3 ) rsK;d &S\
d /
(1) t*¾om0u / / ynm{w'*f&Sif t&Sifom&dykwå&mESifh wefcdk;{w'*f&Sif t&Sifr[m
arm*¾vmef(2)yg;onf t*¾om0ursm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;pum;awmfudk
em;axmifMuolww Ykd iG f tjrwfq;kH jzpfonf/ wpfoacsEF iS hfurÇmwpfoed ;f
yg&rDjznf&h \/ bk&m;&Siw f ikd ;f wGif t*¾om0u (2)yg;om&SMd uonf/
(2) r[mom0u / / &Sirf [muóyç &Sit
f meE´mç &Sit f Ek½'k g¨ ç &SiOf ygvçd &Siaf &0wç &SiAf m
ukv ponfjzifh toDwd (&Spu f syd )f &S\
d / oufqikd &f mpGr;f &nftvdu k f
{w'*f&Muonf/ bk&m;pum;em;axmifMuolww Ykd iG f Bu;D jrwfowl Ykd
jzpfMuonf/ urÇmwpfoed ;f yg&rDjznf&h onf/
GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh 3
a
EF
(3) yuwdom0u / / *kPx

f ;l oD;jcm;r&bJ omrefuRww
f rf;0ifonfh &[EÅmtaygi;f wdjYk zpf
Muonf/ tenf;qHk; ESpfb0ç oHk;b0rSonf tvGefqHk; urÇm&mç
axmif yg&rDjznf&h onf/
k
k
orÁK'¨
yapöuAk'¨g = oD;jcm;bk&m;&Sif (bk&m;i,f)onf orÁK'¨ jzpfonf/ yapöuAk'g¨ (3)rsK;d &S\
d /
1/ ynm"du yapöuAk'g¨ / / ynmvGefuJol (yg&rDjznfhpOfu ynmOD;pD;ol)/ ESpfoacsFESifh
urÇmwpfoed ;f yg&rDjznf&h \/
2/ o'¨g"u
d yapöuAk'g¨ / / o'¨gvGeuf Jo?l ynm"du yapöuAk'g¨ xuf ESpu
f rÇm? oH;k urÇm
vGeíf yg&rDjznf&h \/
3/ 0D&,
d m"du yapöuAk'g¨ / / 0D&,
d vGeuf Jo/l o'¨g"u
d yapöuAk'g¨ xuf ESpu
f rÇm? oH;k urÇm
vGeíf yg&rDjznf&h \/
k
k
oAÁñw
k bk&m; (3) rsK;d
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf or®morºK'¨ jzpfonf/ or®morºK'b
¨ &k m; (3)yg;&So
d nf/
1/ ynm"du bk&m; / / av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfh&\/ todÓPfjzifh
tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sd odawmfr\
l / a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;onf
ynm"dubk&m;jzpf\/
2/ o'¨g"u
d bk&m; / / &SpfoacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfh&\/ todÓPfjzifh
tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sd odawmfr\
l /
3/ 0D&,
d m"du bk&m; / / q,fhajcmufoacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfh&\/ tod
ÓPfjzifh tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sd odawmfr\
l /
k
k
twkvwkv
(twkv = twkr&So
d El iS hf + wkv = wlo)l
vlewfjA[®m taygif;ESifh oDv ç orm"dç ynm*kPftm;jzifh wlawmfrrlaom 0dyóDtp&Sdaom
a&S;bk&m;rsm; onf twkvjzpf\/ xdak &S;bk&m;wdEYk iS o
hf mwlaom a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;onf twkv
wkv rnf\/
GH
4
a
EF
k
k or®morÁK'b
¨ &k m;udo
k m odapvdík ñTejf cif;
yapöuAk'¨gonf opömav;yg;udk udk,fwdkifodí orÁK'¨jzpfonf/ bk&m;&Sif\ wynfhom0u
t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf bk&m;&Sifa[monfh opöm (4)yg;udk razmufrjyef rSefrSefuefuef odMuí
or®mAk'¨ jzpfMuonf/
tbd"r®ma'oemawmfonf ]or®morÁK'}¨ bk&m;&Si\ f t&momjzpfonf/ yapöuAk'g¨ ç t&d,m
om0uwd\ Yk t&mr[kwo f nft
h wGuf bk&m;rSvGJí rnfonfyh *k Kd¾ vu f rS pwifxw k af zmf a[mMum;
Edik ½f ;kd r&Syd g/ xdaYk Mumifh &Siyf apöuAk'g¨ ? t&d,m om0uwdEYk iS hf uGJjym;jcm;em;&ef ]oAÁnKwbk&m;udo k m
&nfñeT ;f í or®m orÁK'r¨ wkv}H [lí qdjk cif;jzpfonf/
k
k
tbd"r®monf &wemC&a&Ttrd rf S pwifjcif;
tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd oAÁnKwÓPf &&SdrSoma[mMum;Ekdifí bkef;awmf 6-yg;ocif

bk&m;&Si\ f pum;awmftppftrSejf zpfavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf t&[wår*fESihftwl oAÁnKwÓPfudk &&SdNyD;aemuf owåowåm[
pHawmfrpl Of pwkwo ¬ wåm[ &wemC&a&Ttrd af wmfü tbd"r®m 7-usr;f ukd oAÁnKwÓPfawmfBu;D
jzihf 7-&uf wdik f uGejYf rL;usupf m; qifjcifo;kH oyfawmfro
l nf/
k
k
tbd"r®mudw
k m0wðomewfjynfü pa[mjcif;
bk&m;jzpfawmfrlNyD; 7-0gajrmufwGif wm0wðom ewfjynfokdY0guyfawmfrlí bk&m;&Sifwdkif;

a[mawmfrlNrJjzpfaom tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd r,fawmfjzpfcJhzl;aom ]oEÅKódwewfom;}tm;
trSL;xm;í pMu0Vmwdkuf ]wpfaomif;} rS aomif;aomif;jzjz vma&mufqnf;uyfMuukefaom
Yk m; 0gwGi;f 3-v ywfv;kH aeYa&m? nyg ]toHrpJ} a[mMum;awmfro
ewfç jA[®mtaygi;f wdt l nf/
k
wm0wðomewfjynfü a[mMum;cJjh cif;\ &nf&,

G cf suf
(1) bk&m;&Siw f idk ;f wm0wðomewfjynfwGif a[mMum;cJjh cif;?
(2) r,fawmfred wfom;ukd aus;Zl;qyfvjkd cif;?
(3) rdbaus;Zl;ukd owå0gweYkd m;vnfapvdjk cif;?
(4) tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk (tp-tqH;k ) wpfxikd w f nf; a[mMum;vdjk cif;?
(5) (tp-tqH;k ) wpfxikd w f nf; a[mMum;rSom emMum;&olrsm; tusK;d xl;&Edik jf cif;?
(6) tbd"r®mw&m;awmf\ us,0f ef;? eufeJru I dk odapvdjk cif;?
(7) vlwdkYta&twGuf 3-vcefYMum a[mMum;rSukefEkdifrnfhw&m;awmfukd (wm0wðomewfwdkY\
oufwrf;) (tcsdef)tm;jzihf rdepf? puúefYydkif;rQomMumí £&d,mykwftm;jzihf rNiD;aiGU? ryifyef;
Ekid jf cif;wkaYd Mumihjf zpfygonf/
GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh 5
a
EF
k
k
a[mMum;awmfryl kH tpDtpOf
bk&m;&Sifonf wm0wðomewfjynfü tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd a[mMum;&mü >cif;csefxm;cJh

jcif;? oabmwlaygi;f cJjh cif;? odavmufNy[ D k ausmaf [mjcif; ponfwYkd rjyKvyk b f J t<uif;tuserf &Sd
tao;pdww f pfcck si;f ydu
k pf yd w
f u
kd uf m (tus,q f ;kH enf;)jzifh a[mMum;awmfrcl Jo h nf/
¤if;aemuf pEú;l awmwGif aeYoefpY iftem;,lcsed w f Gif 0wfBu;D 0wfi,fjyKpck pm;&ef a&muf&dS
vmaom &Sio f m&dyw k &å mrax&ftm; (tusO;f enf;) jzihf aeYcsi;f yif jyefvnfa[mMum;cJo h nf/
ynm{w'*f& &Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fu y#dorÇd 'g 4-yg;jzihf tus,fcsJUodjrifum? uóy
bk&m;&Sif vufxuf? vif;Edo Yk m;-500 jzpfczhJ ;l aom wynh&f [ef; -500 wdt Yk m; (rusO;f rus,ef nf;)
jzihf aeYcsi;f yif jyefvnfa[mMum;cJo h nf/
aemufwpfaeY pEúl;awmwGifjrwfpGmbk&m;xHarSmufjyefvnfwifjytppfaq;cH&m jrwfpGm
bk&m;u twnfjyKvufcaH wmfro l nf/
þokjYd zihf tbd"r®ma'oemawmfonf a[mMum; enf; 3-enf;jzihf ewfjynf? vlU jynfww
Ykd Gif
wpfNyKd ief ufp? wpfNyKd ief ufay:xGe;f ? wpfNyKd ief ufNy;D qH;k cJo
h nf/
k
k
yxrqH;k avhvmoif,cl iG &fh aomvly*k Kd¾ vEf iS fh em,lciG &fh aom twdwZf mwfaMumif;
- vlU jynfwGi&f iS o
f m&dyw
k &å mNy;D vQif wynh&f [ef;-500?
- uóybk&m;&Sifvufxuf vif;EdkYom;-500 b0jzihf tbd"r®mw&m;oHukd Mum;emcJh&onhf
tusK;d qufaMumihf a*gwrbk&m;&Siv f ufxuf &[ef;-500b0jzihf tbd"r®m w&m;awmfudk a&S;OD;pGm
oifMum;cGi&fh um w&m;xl;&awmfro l Gm;jcif;jzpfonf/
k
k
rsufarSmufumvykdYcsoif,laeaomtbd"r®m w&m;awmf
&Sio
f m&dyw
k &å mu jrwfpmG bk&m;xHawmfwiG f twnfjyKcsu&f ,lNy;D aemuf wynh&f [ef;-500
wdt
Yk m; (rusO;f rus,)f a[maomenf;uk, d íl rsuaf rSmufumvwGif ykcYd soifMum;ay;vsu&f o
dS nf/
k
k
tbd"r®mw&m;awmf pwifysH U EYHS &mumv
bk&m;jzpfawmfrNl y;D 7-0gajrmufumvrSpí bk&m;&Sif oufawmfxif&mS ;&Spd Of 38-ESpt

f wGi;f
ü tbd"r®moifMum;ykcYd srrI sm;pGm xif&mS ;us,jf yefv
Y mcJo
h nf/
GH
6
a
EF
k
k tbd"r®mESifh o*Fg,emtqufquf
(o*Fg,em = pkaygi;f &Gwq
f jkd cif;)
(1) yxro*Fg,em ( tdE, d´ Ekid if ?H &mZN*Kd vNf rKd U )

- y&deAd mÁ efjyKNy;D 3-vwGif &[EÅm-500 rS 7-vMumpkaygi;f wif?
- 0denf;? okweå ?f tbd"r®m yd#ursm;yg0ifí tbd"r®m7-usr;f rS uxm0w¬KrmS rmwdum
avmufom yg0if/
(2) 'kw,
d o*Fg,em ( tdE,
d´ Ekid if ?H a0omvDNrKd U )
- y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;ESpfaygif;-100 wGif &[EÅm-700 rS 8-vMum pkaygi;f wif?
- tbd"r®mESifh ywfoufíxl;jcm;rIr&S/d
(3) wwd,o*Fg,em ( tdE,
d´ Ekid if ?H yg#vdyw
k Nf rKd U )
- y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;ESpfaygif;-235 wGif &[EÅm-1000 rS 9-vMum pkaygi;f wif?
- tbd"r®m 7-usr;f jynhpf ?kH 9-wdik ;f ? 9-XmeokYd omoemjyKapvTw?f oxHuk o
dk moempa&muf?
tbd"r®mudk EIww f uf tm*Hak qmif? tqihqf ihf ykcYd soifMum;ay;/
(4) pwkwo
¬ *Fg,em ( oD[Vkd u
f Re;f ? rv,Zeykyf )
- y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;ESpfaygif;-450 wGif &[EÅm-500 rS 1-ESpMf um pkaygi;f wif?
- tbd"r®m 7-usr;f ayxuftu©&mwif/
(5) yÍöro*Fg,em ( jrefrmEkid if ?H &wemyHNk rKd U )
- y&deAd mÁ efjyKNy;D ESpaf ygi;f -2415 wGif oHCmawmf-2400 rS 3-ESpMf um pkaygi;f wif?
- rif;wke;f rif;vufxuf ayxuftu©&mrS ausmufcsyaf ygi;f 729-csyjf zihf 7-ESpf ? 6-vMum
ausmufxuftu©&mwif/
(6) q|ro*Fg,em ( jrefrmEkid if ?H &efuek Nf rKd U )
- y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;ESpfaygif;-2498wGif &efukefNrdKU? urÇmat;ukef;ajr r[mygoPvdkPf*lBuD;xJ
wGif ( jrefrm?,dk;',m;? uarÇm'D;,m;? oD[kdVf? vmtdk ) ax&0g' 5-EkdifiHrS q&mawmfBuD;
rsm;tm; trSL;xm;í oHCmawmf-2500 ausmrf S 2-ESpMf um pmzwfyEkH ydS jf cif;? &Gwq
f jkd cif;jzihf
2-yg;pHk o*Fg,emwif/
GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh 7
a
EF
k
k
tbd"r®moif,&l jcif;\ &nf&,
G cf suf
tbd"r®moif,&l jcif;\ &nf&G,cf surf mS - b0wd;k wufa&;ESifh b0vGwaf jrmufa&; twGuf

jzpfonf/ avmuwGif vlawmf? vlaumif; rsm;pGmvdt k yfonf/
vlawmfjzpf&eftwGuf rsufarSmuf? wrvGef 2-zuf jrifoabmw&m;qdkif&m todynmukd
wwfoed m;vnf &rnf/
tbd"r®monf vlawmfwpfa,muf jzpfa&;ü vH;k 0wm0ef,o l nf/ vlaumif;jzpf&eftwGuf
pdwfMunfvifoefY&Sif; jzLpifapaom? aumif;wmukdcsnf;vkyfvdkaom ,HkMunf csuf ]o'¨gw&m;}
&Sd&rnf/
tbd"r®monf vlaumif;wpfa,muf jzpfa&;ü vH;k 0wm0ef,o l nf/
awmfvnf;awmf? aumif;vnf;aumif;onhf vlawmfvlaumif;tjzpf yg&rDukokdvfrsm;ukd
jznhfqnf;NyD; wpfb0xufwpfb0? wpfqihfxufwpfqihf? &ihfonfxuf&ihfvmjcif;ukd ]b0wdk;
wuf onf} [kac:onf/
b0wd;k wufrS yg&rDuo k v
dk rf sm; jynfv
h mí b0vGwaf jrmufa&;edAmÁ ef &&Srd nfjzpfonf/
k
k
tbd"r®moif,&l jcif;\tusK;d w&m;
(1) cufcJ? eufeJaom y&rw¬w&m;rsm;ukd odcGifh &jcif;?

(2) Ak'0¨ g'ukd tjynht f pHek m;vnfjcif;?
(3) (tukov dk ?f ukovkd )f wd\
Yk oabmobm0ukd jynhpf pkH Gm em;vnfoabmayguíf rdrb
d 0ukd
ydik Ef idk pf GmtoH;k cswwfjcif;?
(4) cE¨m 5-yg;taMumif; tjynhftpHkem;vnfí cE¨mÓPfa&muf w&m;tm;xkwfrIukd rsm;pGm
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;?
(5) tjrihfjrwfqHk; ynmyg&rDukodkvf&&Sdí r*fÓPf? zdkvfÓPf? edAÁmefukd vsifvsifjrefjref
rsufarSmufjyKEkdifjcif;/
k
tbd"r®moif½;kd oN*KØ [f (9) ydik ;f
t&Sit f Ek½'k g¨ q&mawmfonf omoemESpf (1500) cefw

Y iG af y:xeG ;f cJo
h nf/ tdE,
d´ awmifyikd ;f
uma0&dNrdKU ü arG;zGm;cJhonf/ q&mawmfonf oD[dkr[m0d[m&ausmif;ü tbd"r®mpaom y&d,wåd
pmaywdu
Yk kd qnf;yl;cJo h nf/
t&Sit f Ek½'k g¨ q&mawmfonf 'umawmf erÜ\ awmif;yefcsut f & 'umç 'umrrsm; tbd"r®m
w&m;awmfudk tvG,fwul vdk&if;wdk&Sif;em;vnfap&ef ]tbd"r®w¬o*F[} usrf;udk jyKpka&;om;
GH
8
a
EF
awmfrlcJhonf/ xdkusrf;udk oD[dkuRef; rlvaomr ausmif;wdkufü oDwif;oHk;aepOf a&;om;cJhjcif;

jzpfonf/
tbd"r®m tusO;f usr;f jzpfaomfvnf; tESpcf sKyíf pepfwusu@cGíJ jyKpx k m;ojzifh ]yd#uwf
ESpfyHk? tusOf;csKH;? EIwfiHkolwdkYrSm} [lí v,fwDq&mawmfbkef;BuD;\ tqdktwdkif; xdkusrf;i,fudk
wwfuRr;f ygvQif okweå yf #d uç tbd"r®y#d u ESpyf u kH kd em;vnfEikd yf gonf/
q&mawmft&SiftEk½k'¨g rax&fonf oN*ØK[fusrf;udk pum;ajy (pkPÖd,)? uAsm(*gxm)
ESpfrsKd;jzifh pepfwus uspfuspfvpfvpf a&;om;xm;í pmoifom; &[ef;omraPwdkYtwGuf
tbd"r®m tajcjyKusr;f tjzpf q&mpOfquf owfrw S jf y|mef;cJo
h nf/ ]oAÁnKwÓPt&m? tbd"r®m}
jzpfí cufcJeufeJ us,0f ef;&um; ÓPfro D rQ odvG,?f em;vnfoif,El ikd Mf u&ef } tbd"r®wo ¬ *F[
usr;f udk atmufygtwdik ;f ( 9 )ydik ;f cGJí a&;om;pD&ifawmfrcl Jo
h nf/
k
k
yxrqifh
1/ pdwfydkfif; =tm½Hu
k kd odwwfaom pdwo f abmw&m;rsm;udk cGJjcm;jyqdak om tydik ;f /
2/ apwoduyf ikd ;f =pdw\
f pGr;f &nfowåx
d ;l udk jzpfay:apaom pdwüf rSw
D ,G pf w
d uf kd jc,fv,
S f
onfh oabmw&m;rsm;udk cGJjcm;jyqdak om tydik ;f /
3/ yudP;f ydik ;f =pdwçf apwodurf sm;udk a0'emç [dwf ponfjzifh a&m>yrf;jyqdNk y;D ½kyçf emrf
qufoG,yf ukH kd jyqdak om tydik ;f /
k
k
'kw,
d tqifh
4/ 0Dxdydkif; =pdwfç apwodufwnf;[laom emrfw&m;wdkY\ jzpfyHktpOfudk jyaom
tydik ;f /
5/ 0Dxrd w
k yf ikd ;f (bHyk ikd ;f )= y#doaE¨tcg? pkwdtcg pdwfjzpfyHktpOfESifh (31)bHk&Sd yk*¾dKvfoufwrf;
wdu Yk kd jyqdak omtydik ;f /
6/ ½kyfydkif; = azmufjyefwwfaom ½kyfoabmw&m;rsm;udk jyqdkNyD; ½kyfydkif;tqHk;ü
½ky'f u
k ?© emrf'u
k © uif;a0;aom edAmÁ efukd jyqdak omtydik ;f /
k
k
wwd,qifh
7/ orkpn
ö ;f ydik ;f = txufyg (6)ydkif;jzifh ½kyfemrfrsm;udk em;vnfNyD;aemuf ½kyfç emrfwdkYudk
oabmwlaygi;f pnf;jyaomtydifk ;f /
8/ ypönf;ydkif; = y&rwfw&m;rsm; aMumif;usKd;qufpyfjzpfaejcif;udk ]y#dpöorkyÜg'fenf;
ESihf y|mef;enf;} ESprf sK;d jzifh azmfjyaomtydik ;f /
GH
9
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
EF
9/ ur®|mef;ydkif; = emrfç ½kyw

f u
Ykd kd orxenf;ç 0dyóemenf;wdjYk zifh vufawGU usiBhf ut
H m;
xkw&f aom ]y#dywåed nf;} udk jyaomtydik ;f /
tbd"r®m ( 9 )ydkif;udk qufpyfoHk;oyfvQif pdwfydkif;rS ypönf;ydkif;txd (8)ydkif;udk avhvmem;
vnfjcif;aMumifh ½kyf? emrfwdkYudk uGJjym;pGm od&SdNyD; ½kyfç emrfwdkY\ jzpfysufyHkç tjyeftvSeftaMumif;
tusK;d qufpyfyw kH u Ykd kd od&o
dS abmayguEf ikd o f nf/ xdo
k ol nf y&d,wåed nf;jzifh ]emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPf}
udk &&Syd gonf/
ur®|mef;ydik ;f jzifh emrf½yk w
f uYkd kd odjrifatmif vufawGu U si&hf aom orxenf;ç 0dyóemenf;
udk jyawmfríl y&d,wård S y#dywåt d usio hf Ykd ul;ajymif;yHu
k kd jyqdx k m;onf/
xdaYk Mumifh tbd"r®m ( 9 ) ydik ;f onf y&d,wåd (*E¦"&k )? y#dywåd (0dyóem"k&) ESpyf g;jynfph akH tmif
tpDtpOfusus azmfjyxm;\/ xdky&d,wåd? y#dywf ESpfyg;pHkrSomç omoemusifhpOf rSefuefí ]b0
vGwaf jrmufa&;} edAmÁ efukd a&muf&EdS ikd yf grnf/
tbd"r®m bmomudk ynm&yfwpfcktjzpf qnf;yl;avhvm&mwGif a&S;OD;pGm xdkynm&yf\
oabm? t"dygÜ ,?f &nf&G,cf su?f tusK;d w&m; ponfwu Ykd kd od&&dS ef vdt
k yfygonf/
k
k
Ak't
¨ bd"r®m
Ak't
¨ bd"r®m qdo k nfrmS Ak'u
¨ ,
kd af wmfwikd f yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0g rsuEf mS rvdu
k f 31-bHEk iS hf edAmÁ ef\
obm0udk aMumif;usK;d qufpyf obm0usus a[mxm;aom y&rwfw&m;rsm;yifjzpfonf/
k
k
jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;awmfral om w&m;awmfrsm;

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; (45) 0g ywfvHk; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom w&m;awmfrsm; tm;vHk;udk
csKyv
f u
kd vf Qif atmufygtwdik ;f cGJjcm;&&Srd nfjzpfygonf/
1/ 0drw
k &då otm;jzifh wpfyg;wnf;yifjzpf\/
2/ 'kuenf;tm;jzifh "r®? 0de, [lí (2)rsK;d &&S\
d / "r®wGif okweå "f r®EiS hf tbd"r®m"r®[íl (2) rsK;d
yg0if\/
3/ yd#uwftm;jzifh (3)yg;&S\
d /
(u) okwåefyd#u
(c) 0denf;yd#u
(*) tbd"r®myd#u
4/ edum,ftm;jzifh ( 5 )yg;/
5/ t*Fgtm;jzifh ( 9 )yg;/
6/ "r®uE© m¨ (w&m;tpk )tm;jzifh (84000)[lí &Syd gonf/
GH
10
a
EF
bk&m;&Sifoufawmfxif&Sm; &SdpOf bk&m;&Sif y&dedAÁmefjyK NyD;

45-0g umvywfvHk; a[mMum; yd#u 3-yHkjzihf cGJjcm;
cJ h a omw&m;awmf r sm;
0de, = (1) 0denf;yd#u
{{
(pnf;urf;ydkif;)(oDvusihfpOf)
(omoemawmf\touf)
"r®u©E¨maygif; (21000)
0de,"r®
}
(2) okwåefyd#u (1) ynwftvdkMunhfa[m?
"r®u©E¨m = w&m;tpktaygif;
(2) (tukûk)tusOf;a[m?
(enf;vrf;ykdif;)(orm"dusihfpOf)
(3) cE¨m 5-yg;? 1-enf;a[m?
(omoemawmf\tvS)
(4) pdwfwnfMunfapaomusihfpOf?
"r® = (5) w&m;tpktaygif; (21000)?
}
(1) y&rwftvdkMunhfa[m?
(3) tbd"r®myd#u (2) (tukûk)tusOf;^tus,fa[m?
(oabmw&m;ydkif;)(ynmusihfpOf) (3) cE¨m 5-yg;? 3-enf;a[m?
(omoemawmf\tESpfom&)
(4) (pdwf?ap?½kyf) ÓPfjzihfjrifap
aomusihfpOf?
(5) w&m;tpktaygif; (42000)?
k
k
tbd"r®m[lí trnf&jcif;
tbd = omvGeaf om? xl;qef;aom

"r®m = w&m;awmf
tbd"r®m = omvGexf ;l qef;aomw&m;awmf
tbd"r®wo
¬ *F[usr;f [lonf -
(tbd + "r® + tw¬ + o*F[ / tbd = razmufrjyef vGeu f x
J ;l jrwf rSeu
f efaom + "r® =w&m; + tw¬ =
teuft"dygÜ ,+f o*F[ = tusO;f csKy?f tESpcf sKy)f razmufrjyef vGeu f J xl;jrwfreS u
f efaom w&m;wd\
Yk
teuf t"dygÜ ,wf u
Ykd kd tESpcf sKyíf jyaomusr;f jzpfonf/
GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh 11
a
EF
k
k
tbd"r®ww
¬ &m; (5) yg;
tbd"r®myd#u w&m;tm;vH;k \ tcsKyo
f nf pdw?f apwodu?f ½ky?f edAmÁ ef? ynwf[íl (5)yg;om
&So
d nf/
k
k
y&rw¬w&m; (4) yg;

(y&rw¬ = y&r = jrwfaom (0g) razmufrjyefreS u f efaom (0g)
tcsKyyf "mejzpfaom + tw¬ = teufoabm)
y&rw¬w&m;qdkonfrSm jrwfaomoabmw&m;? rdrdwdkYqkdif&m oabmvu©Pmrsm;rS
razmufrjyefrSefuefwnfhrwfaom oabmw&m;jzpf\/ pMum0VmteEÅü a&ajrawmawmif
owå0gponfjzifh txnf0w¬Kynwfpw k Ykd rnfrQyifrsm;aomfvnf; vd&k if;tcsKyyf "meudk ppfxw k v f Qif
pdw?f apwodu?f ½ky?f edAmÁ efrw S pfyg; tjcm;r&S/d
xdaYk Mumihf pdw?f apwodu?f ½kyEf iS hf edAmÁ efw&m;(4)yg;wdu Yk kd y&rw¬w&m;(4)yg;[k ac:qokd nf/
1/ pdwf = pdwq f o
kd nfrmS tm½Hu k kd odwwfaom oabmw&m;jzpfonf/
2/ apwoduf = apwodufqdkonfrSm pdwfü rSDwG,f? pdwfudkjc,fvS,faom oabmw&m;jzpf
onf/
3/ ½kyf = ½kyfqdkonfrSm tyltat;paom qefYusifbuftaMumif;w&m;rsm;aMumifh
a&S;tpOfEiS hf aemuftpOfrwlatmif xif&mS ;azmufjyefwwfaom oabmw&m;
jzpfonf/
4/ edAmÁ ef = 'kuc© yford ;f vGwNf ird ;f &mç csKyNf ird ;f &m oabmw&m; (od)Yk uH pdwf Owk tm[m&wnf;
[laom taMumif;w&m;(4)yg;wdkY\ jyKjyifzefwD;rIuif;aom oabmw&m;jzpf
onf/
k
k
ynwfEiS hf y&rwf
tbd"r®mqdo k nfrmS avmuoH;k yg;ESihf edAmÁ efw\
Ykd taMumif;rsm;udk y&rw¬w&m;wd\
Yk pGr;f &nf
owdwå jYdk zifh cGJjcrf;í a[mMum;aom ]y&rw¬a'oem}awmf jzpfygonf/
tbd"r®mynmudk avhvmaomtcg ynwfoabmw&m;ESifh y&rwfoabmw&m;wdkYudk
em;vnf&efvt kd yf\/
k
k
ynwfw&m;
(ynwåd = y = txl;xl; tjym;jym;tm;jzifh + Úwåd + odapjcif;)
txl;xl;tjym;jym;tm;jzifh odapwwfjcif;udk = ynwf[íl ac:qo kd nf/
GH
12
a
EF
31 bHjk yZ,m;
t½ly jA[®m (4)bHk
pwkw¬psmef (7)bHk
tonowf
wwd,psmef (3)bHk + + +
'kwd,psmef (3)bHk + + + ½lyjA[®m (16)bHk
yxrpsmef (3)bHk + + +
< << < << <
ewfjynf (6) xyf

umrok*wd (7)bHk
<
<
<
wd vl Nyd tol
< < << < < <<
i&J (8) xyf

GH
a
EF
k
k
bHEk iS phf w
d f
umr 11 bHk
<<<<<< < ewfjynf (6) xyf

umrok*wd (7) bHk
<
<
<
wd vl Nyd tol
<<<<<<<<
i&J (8) xyf
umrm0p&pdwf (54) yg;

umr 11 bHük trsm;tm;jzifh ouf0ifí jzpfaompdwf
½ly 16 bHk
pwkw¬psmef (7)bHk
pdwfr&Sd
wwd,psmef (3)bHk + +
_ +tonowf
'kwd,psmef (3)bHk + + +
yxrpsmef (3)bHk + + +
½lyg0p&pdwf (15) yg;
tonowfMuOf ½lyjA[®m 15 bHük trsm;tm;jzifh ouf0ifí jzpfaompdwf
t½ly 4 bHk
t½l y jA[® m (4)bH k
t½lyg0p&pdwf (12) yg;

t½lyjA[®m 4 bHük trsm;tm;jzifh ouf0ifí jzpfaompdwf
GH
14
a
EF
k
k
a0'em (5) rsKd ;
a0'em= tm½H\ k t&omudk cHpm;jcif;oabm
(1) pdwcf sr;f omaomcHpm;rI = aomreóa0'em = +
pdwfüjzpfaom
(2) pdwq
f if;&JaomcHpm;rI = a'greóa0'em = >
a0'em(3)yg;?
(3) 0rf;om?0rf;enf; = Oayu©ma0'em =
rjzpfaomcHpm;rI
(4) ud,
k cf sr;f omaomcHpm;rI = okca0'em =
>
udk,füjzpfaom
(5) uk,
d q
f if;&JaomcHpm;rI = 'kua© 0'em = > a0'em(2)yg;?
k
k
pdwf (usOf; 89ûs,f 121) yg; ukd bHktm;jzihfcGJjcm;jyjcif;
1/ umrm0p&pdwf 54 - yg; = umr 11-bHük trsm;tm;jzihf ouf0ifí jzpfaompdw/f

2/ ½lyg0p&pdwf 15 - yg;? = tonowfMuOf ½ly 15-bHkü trsm;tm;jzihf
ouf0ifíjzpfaompdwf/
3/ t½lyg0p&pdwf 12 -yg; = t½ly 4-bHük trsm;tm;jzihf ouf0ifíjzpfaompdw/f
4/ avmukw&å mpdwf usO;f 8ûs,40
f yg; = avmukw&å mt0w¬mbHük jzpfaompdw/f
avmuoH;k yg;rS vGwaf jrmufaompdwf (0g) avmu
oH;k yg;xufveG u
f jJ rifjh rwfaompdw/f
pdwt
f usO;f 89 ^ tus,f 121 yg;
1 2 3 4
umrm0p&pdwf ½lyg0p&pdwf 15 yg; t½lyg0p&pdwf avmukwå&mpdwf
54 yg; tonowfMuOf 12 yg; tusO;f 8 yg;
umr-11 bHwk Gif ½lyjA[®m (15) bHk t½ly 4 bHk tus,f 40 yg;
avmuDpw
d f (81)yg; avmukwå&m
t0w¬mbHk
GH
a
EF
o
jkljkljkljkljkl o
1/ umrm0p&pdwf (54)yg;
jkljkljkljkljkl
o o
umrm0p&pdwf = umr 11- bHük trsm;tm;jzihf ouf0ifí jzpfaompdw?f
umrm0p&pdwf (54) yg;ukd 3-rsK;d cGJjcm;Ekid o
f nf/
(1) tukov kd pf w
d f = 12 -yg;
(2) t[dwpf w d f = 18 -yg;
(3) umraombepdwf = 24 -yg;
k
k
(1) tukov
kd pf w
d f (12) yg;
tukov (0g) = tukov kd pf w
d f
tukovkd pf w d qf o kd nfrmS ]rvdrm® aomç tjypfEiS w hf uGjzpfaomç raumif;aom tusK;d udak y;
jcif; vu©Pm&Sad om (0g) ukov dk Ef iS hf qefu
U sib f ufjzpfaompdw}f yifjzpfonf/
tukov kd pf wd f (12)yg;udk atmufyg twdik ;f (3)rsK;d cGJjcm;onf/
1/ avmbt&if;cHjzpf&aom ]avm brlpw d f (8)yg;}
2/ a'got&if;cHjzpf&aom ]a'gorlpw d f (2)yg;}
3/ arm[t&if;cHjzpf&aom ]arm[rlpw d f (2)yg;}
avmbrlpdwf - 8yg; a'gorlpdwf 2 yg; arm[rlpdwf 2 yg;
.
t +.. + -.. - >. _ .0d
o + + - - > .O_
k
k
tukov kd pf w
d f - 12-yg; qd½k ;kd
1/ = aomreó o[*kwf
aomreó = 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om + o[*w = o[*kwf = ESiw hf uG
= (0rf;ajrmuf? 0rf;omESiw hf uG)
2/ = Oayu©m o[*kwf
Oayu©m = 0rf;om 0rf;enf; rjzpfbJ + o[*w= o[*kwf = ESiw hf uG
= (0rf;om? 0rf;enf;rjzpfbJvsu)f
3/ ( ) = 'd|*d worÜ,w k f
'd|d = t,lvGJrmS ;jcif; + *w = teufo;D jcm;r&Sd + orÜ,w k å =orÜ,w k f = ,SOvf suf
'd|*d worÜ,wk f = t,lrmS ;jcif;ESihf ,SOv
f suf (0g) 'kp½du
k w f pfcu
k kd tjypfr&S[
d k cH,v l su/f
GH
16
a
EF
aomreó o[*kwf 'd|d*worÜ,kwf tocFg&du

1 t pdwf 1 yg;
( ) t
aomreó o[*kwf 'd|d*worÜ,kwf oocFg&du
2 o pdwf 1 yg;
( ) o
aomreó o[*kwf 'd|d*w0dyÜ,kwf tocFg&du
3 t pdwf 1 yg;
( ) t
avmbrlpdwf (8) yg;
aomreó o[*kwf 'd|d*w0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&du

4 o pdwf 1 yg;
( ) o
Oayu©m o[*kwf 'd|d*worÜ,kwf tocFg&du
5 t pdwf 1 yg;
( ) t
Oayu©m o[*kwf 'd|d*worÜ,kwf oocFg&du
6 o pdwf 1 yg;
( ) o
Oayu©m o[*kwf 'd|d*w0dyÜ,kwf tocFg&du
7 t pdwf 1 yg;
( ) t
Oayu©m o[*kwf 'd|d*w0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&du
8 o pdwf 1 yg;
( ) o
a'greó o[*kwf y#dCorÜ,kwf tocFg&du
arm[rl pdwf(2)yg; a'gorl pdwf(2) yg;
9 t pdwf 1 yg;
( ) t
a'greó o[*kwf y#dCorÜ,kwf oocFg&du
10 o pdwf 1 yg;
( ) o
h0d Oayu©m o[*kwf 0dpdudpämorÜ,kwf
11
( )
_ pdwf 1 yg;
.O Oayu©m o[*kwf O'¨pöorÜ,kwf

12
( )
_ pdwf 1 yg;
GH
a
EF
4/ ( ) = 'd|*d w0dy, Ü w k f = tjypf&rdS eS ;f odvsuf

5/ ( ) = a'greó o[*kwf = pdwq f if;&Jjcif;ESiw
hf uGjzpfaom
6/ (. y#dC ) = y#dCorÜ,w k f = cufxefMurf;wrf;jcif;ESiw hf uG ,SOíf jzpfaom
7/ t = tocFg&u d
t = r&S+ d ocFg&u d = wdu k w f eG ;f rI? tocFg&u d = wdu k w f eG ;f rIrygbJ = tm;wufoa&m?
pdwt f m;xufoefpGm? rdrq d E´tavsmuf
8/ o = ocFg&u d
o = &Sd +ocFg&u d = wdu k wf eG ;f rI? oocFg&u d = wku kd w f eG ;f rIyg&v
dS su?f
(tm;wufoa&mr&Sb d J? olwpfyg;tm;ay;wdu k w f Ge;f rIjzif)h
k
k
usifhpOf
tukodkvfpdwfwGif yg0ifí rwifhw,faom avmbrlpdwf (8)yg;udk avmbrlpdwf jzpfwdkif;

owd? ynmjzifh apmifhMunfhvQif avmbtpOfjywfoGm;rnf/ avmbrlpdwfjzpfwdkif; rSefpGmodEdkif&ef
avmbrlpw
d f jzpfay:yu kH kd pdppfo&d &dS efvt
kd yf\/
k
k
'Gg& (6)yg;ü xifvmaom tm½Hrk sm;udk ESpo

f ufpv
JG rf;í avmbrlpw
d jf zpfay:ykH
pu©K'Gg&? aomw'Gg&? Cme'Gg&? Zd0Sg'Gg&? um,'Gg&? raem'Gg& [laom 'Gg& (6) yg;ü
xifvmaom ½lyg½Hk? o'´g½Hk? *E¨m½Hk? &om½Hk? azm|AÁm½Hk wnf;[laom umr*kPf tm½HkwdkYudk ESpfouf
wyfrufrad omtcg ]avmbrlpw d f } jzpfay:\/
1/ avmuDtm½Hkumr*kPfudk tm;ay;aom ½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;udk Munfh½I&müvnf;aumif;?
vS,Ofaus;r,fwdkYudk Munfh½I&müvnf;aumif;? xdk½lyg½HkwdkYudk pGJvrf;ESpfoufrufarmonfh
tcg ]avmbrlpw d }f jzpf\/
2/ eHeufcsed cf g aw;oHomudk em;aomwqif&müvnf;aumif;? yGJvrf;obifü tqkad wmfw\ Ykd
aw;oDcsi;f oDqrkd u I kd em;qif&müvnf;aumif;? xdo k '´g½ukH kd pGv
J rf;ESpo
f uf rufarmonfh tcg
]avmbrlpw d }f jzpf\/
3/ arT;&eHo Y if;ysH U ukd erf;½SL&onft h cg xdk ]*E¨m½H}k udk tpGJjyKí ]avmbrlpw d }f jzpf\/
4/ aomreóo[*kwf vufzufu oHk;av;vkyf MuufoGefaMumfrsm;rsm;ESifh Adkufum;atmif
wkwo f nft h cg? xd]k &om½H}k udk pGJvrf;ESpo f uf rufarmonfh tcg ]avmbrlpw d }f jzpf\/
5/ ud, k vf ;kH ay:reS af &SwU Gif zD;vdr;f jc,fo 0wfaumif;pm;vS0wfqif&mü xd0k wfaumif;pm;vS\
awGx U rd I azm|AÁm½Hu k kd pGJvrf;ESpo f ufrufarmonft h cg ]avmbrlpw d }f jzpf\/
GH
18
a
EF
6/ jrifawGU ? Mum;? odç awGUxdrI ponfwkdYudk jyefvnfawG;awm BuHpnfjcif; "r®m½Hkudk ESpfouf

wG,w f monft h cg ]avmbrlpw d }f jzpf\/
þuJo h Ykd 'Gg& (6)yg;ü xifvmaom tm½Hu k kd jrifç Mum;ç eHç pm;ç awGx U çd odaomtcg rdrd txif
tm;jzifh om,mwyfrufEpS o f ufr&I adS omtcg ]ta,medaomreodum&} toift h wifh ESv;kH roGi;f
Edik b
f J ]avmbrlpw d }f jzpfay:vm&onf/
7/ ykxkZOf vlom;wdkYonf trsm;tm;jzifh avmbrlpdwfwdkYjzifh MunfhjrifMu\/ em;axmifMu\/
erf;½SLMu\/ pm;aomufMu\/ 0wfqifMu\/ awG;awmBupH nfMu\/
aemufq;kH ay: armfawmfum;vSvu S av;udk vdck sio f ?l aw;oDcsi;f udk em;qifí epfajrm aeol?
arTG;&eHxY okH if;rIukd rufarmaeol/ aomreó o[*kw?f vufzufu oH;k av;vkwf MuufoGeaf Mumf
rsm;rsm;ESihf Adu
k u f m;atmif wkwaf eol/ El;nHah om 0wfaumif;pm;vSw\ Ykd xdawGU rIjzifh om,maeolwYkd
onf avmbrlpw d rf sm;jzpfaeMuonf/
tjypf&SdrSef;rqifjcifrdbJ rdrdtvkdtavsmuf ESpfoufwyfrufaerdvQif ]aomreó o[
*kwf 'd|d*w orÜ,kwf tocFg&du}pdwfjzpfae\/ olwpfyg;wdkufwGef;rIjzifh vdkcsifwyfrufaerdvQif
]oocFg&du} pdwfjzpfae\/ tjypf&Sdonf[k qifjcifrdaomfvnf; rdrdtvdktavsmuf ESpfoufwyf
rufrv d Qif ]aomreó o[*kwf 'd|*d w 0dy, Ü w k f tocFg&u d } pdwjf zpf\/
olwpfyg;wku d w f Ge;f í wyfrufrv d Qif ]oocFg&u d }pdwjf zpf\/
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ avmbrlpw d rf sm;jzpfvQif ]Oayu©m o[*kw}f pdwjf zpf\/
k
k
aomreó o[*kwpf w
d Ef iS hf Oayu©mo[*kwpf w
d w
f \
Ykd tusKd ;ay;yHk
tusKd ;ay;&mü aomreó o[*kwpf w
d o
f nf umrm0p& t&m0,fomvGeíf avmukw&å m
t&m0,f Oayu©m o[*kwpf wd u
f omvGeo
f nf/
r[*¾Kwft&m? avmukwå&mt&mü 0rf;omtm;& aomreójzpfaerIonf orm"dudk
tm;ao;ap\/ Oayu©monf orm"dukd tm;wufap\/
]] 0dyÜ,w
k x
f uf orÜ,w
k f u xuf\ }}
raumif;rI tukov kd u
f kd usL;vGe&f mwGif tjypf&ydS gvsuf tjypfr&S[ d k ,lqjcif;onf 'd|*d w
orÜ,kwfpdwfjzpf\/ tukodkvfvkyfief;udk tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf usL;vGefaompdwfonf 'd|d*w
0dy,
Ü wk pf w d jf zpf\/
&J&aJ wmuf yljyif;aeaom oHawGcu J kd yljyif;rSe;f rodoo
l nf udik w
f ,G &f vQif y,fy,fe,fe,f
qkyuf ikd rf íd jyif;xefpmG tylavmifc&H \/ xdek nf;twl raumif;rI tukov kd u
f kd tjypfr&S[
d k ,lqí
GH
a
EF
usL;vGeo
f o l nf &uf&ufpufpuf jyKusiw hf wfojzifh ydrk t
kd jypfBu;D av;\/ oHawGcu J kd ylreS ;f odojl zpf
ygu rvToJ mí udik w f ,
G &f ojzifh tyloufomatmif udik rf nfjzpfouJo h Ykd tjypf&rdS eS ;f odol usL;vGeyf g
u aMumuf&GUHwGefYqkwfí rvTJra&Smifom jyKusifh&ojzifh tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqolavmuf &ufpufrnf
r[kw/f xdaYk Mumifh tjypfBu;D av;rIaygo
h nf/
]] oocF g&u
d xuf tocF g&u
d u xufjrufonf }}
olwpfyg;xlay;rS xEdik f vrf;avQmufEikd o f o
l nf rdrt
d vdt
k avsmuf xEkid f avQmufEikd o f al vmuf
tiftm;r&SdEdkif? xdkYtwl vHIU aqmfwdkufwGef;rIaMumifhomjzpfaom pdwfonf wkdufwGef;rIr&SdbJ tvdk
tavsmufjzpfaompdwaf vmuf pdwt f m;wuf<uxufoefrI r&SEd ikd /f
'kp½du
k rf w
I pfcck uk kd usL;vGeo f ol nf wpfcgwpf&H usL;vGe&f ef pdwrf ygbJ wGeq Yf w k af ewwfonf/
od&Yk mwGiftjcm;olrsm;u wdu k wf eG ;f vHaYI qmfíjzpfap? rdrb d mom taMumif;aMumif; wdu Yk kdpOf;pm;íjzpfap
jypfrrI sm;udkusL;vGejf zpfomG ;wwfonf/ xdu k sL;vGeaf om pdwu f m; wdu
k w
f eG ;f rI tm;ay;vHaUI qmfryI gojzifh
(oocF g&u d ) pdwjf zpfonf/
wpfcgwpf&H pdwftm;xufoefpGm olwpfyg;wdkufwGef;rIrygbJ jypfrIudk tvdktavsmuf
usL;vGew f wfonf/ xdpk w d u f m; wdu k w f eG ;f rIrygaom (tocFg&u d )pdwjf zpfonf/ pdwt f m;xufoef
pGm tocF g&u d pdwjf zifh usL;vGeyf gu ydrk t kd jypfBu;D av;onf/
k
k
avmbrlpdwfaMumihfjzpfaom'kp½dkuf (7) yg;

(1) umarokrdpämpm&
(2) tbdZsö m avmbaMumifhom
(3) rdpmä 'd|d
(4) t'dEmé 'ge
(5) rkom0g' &Hcgavmb
(6) ydoP k 0gpm &Hcga'go
(7) oræyv Ü my
k
k
a'gorlpdwfaMumihfjzpfaom 'kp½dkuf (7) yg;

(1) ygPmwdygw
(2) z½ko0gpm a'goaMumifo
h m
(3) Asmyg'
(4) t'dEmé 'ge
(5) rkom0g' &Hcga'go
(6) ydoPk 0gpm &Hcgavmb
(7) oræyv Ü my
GH
20
a
EF
k
k
oDvjzifh y,fEidk o
f nfh 0Dwu
d rú udavomrsKd ;
um,uH? 0pDuHajrmuf usL;vGefonfhtqifhtxdjzpfaom ]0DwduúrudavomrsdK;jzpfonfh
avmb}udk ig;yg;oDv? &Spfyg;oDv? q,fyg;oDvwdkYudk cH,laqmufwnfapmifhxdef;jcif;tm;jzifh
]w'*Fy[mef tcdu k t
f wef}Y y,fEidk o
f nf/
oDvwdkYudk cH,laqmufwnfí apmifhxdef;olwdkYonf olwpfyg;ypönf;udk vdkcsiftm;BuD;
aomfvnf; um,uHajrmuf cd;k ,lonft h qifh ra&mufEikd ?f olU om;tdr, f m rrSm;Edik ?f vdrn
f mvSnjhf zm;
rkom;qdrk nfr[kw?f owdvw G u
f if; cRw,f iG ;f arhavsmah Mumif;jzpfaom rl;,pfaopmwdu Yk kd oH;k pGrJ nf
r[kw/f þodYkoDvudkxde;f odr;f aqmufwnfxm;vQifum,uHajrmuf? 0pDuaH jrmuf usL;vGerf aI c:onfh
(0Dwu
d rú wPSmavmb) uif;Nird ;f ae\/
odkY&mwGif oDvudk apmifhxdef;Edkifonfhtcg uif;Nidrf;í rapmifhxdef;Ekdifonfhtcg ]0Dwduúr
avmbwPSm} jyefjzpfEikd \ f / oDvusiphf Ofjzifyh ,fí uif;Nird ;f aerIonf ]w'*Fy[mef} tcdu k t
f wefY
tm;jzifh y,fjcif;omjzpf\/ tarSmifukd qDr;D a&mifjzifh y,fouJo h YkdacwåcPy,fjcif; rsK;d jzpf\/ opfyif\
tjrpfEiS whf uG yifpnfwuYkd kd ry,fjzwfbJ tcuft&Guw f u Ykd o
kd m ckwx f iG f &Si;f vif;onfhoabmESiw hf \ l /
]tjrpfry,f? tudik ;f y,f? jyefvnfBu;D xGm;rnf/}
k
k
orx orm"djzifh y,fEidk af om y&d,|k me udavomrsKd ;

yx0DuodP k ;f paom tm½Hw k pfcw k nf;ü pdwu f kd wnfNird pf mG xm;cdu
k w
f iG f pdwo
f nf umr*kPf
tm½Hrk sm;udk vdck siw f yfrufBupH nfrrI sm;rS uif;Nird ;f vsu&f o dS nf/
psmeform"duo k v kd o
f nf oDvukov kd x
f uf tmEkabmfprG ;f yum; Bu;D rm;\/ xdaYk Mumifh avmb
wPSmudk tcsed Mf umMum y,fcmG xm;Edik o f nf/ xdu
k ohJ Ykd tcsed Mf umMum y,fcmG enf;udk (0dur© eÇ y[mef
y,fcmG enf;)[k ac:qo kd nf/
xdky,fcGmenf;onf tjrpfudk tNyD;tjywf y,fowfenf;rsdK;r[kwf/ yifvHk;yifpnfrQudkom
ckwx
f iG &f iS ;f vif;vku d o f nfo h abmjzpf\/ psmef\ qefu Y sib f ufw&m;ESihf awGU BuKH vmvQif ]y&d,|k me
tqifh ? 0Dwu d rú tqif}h odYk jyefvnfavQmusEidk af o;onf/ tjrpfrjywfao;/ a&arSmaf wmodYk a&td;k udk
csvukd of nft h cg arSmrf sm; ab;odYk tcsed Mf umMum z,f&mS ;oGm;onfEiS hf tvm;wl\/
] tEko,ry,f ? 'kue© ,f ? jyefvnfjzpf&onf }
k
k
0dyóemynm? r*fynmjzifh y,fowf&onfh tEko,udavomrsKd ;
pdwftpOfwGif y&d,k|mewPSmavmbtoGifjzifh rjzpfao;aomfvnf; taMumif;nDñGwf

vQif jzpfay:vmEdik o
f nfh tEkpm; avmbwPSmrsKd ;udk ]tEko,udavom}[k ac:qo
kd nf/
GH
a
EF
xdt
k Eko,udavomrsm;onf b0aygi;f rsm;pGm owå0gwpYkd w
d t
f pOfwiG f xyfwvJvJ txHk
jzpfí tiftm;aumif;aomaMumifh oDv? orm"dwdkYjzifh ry,fowfEdkif? r*fynm (4)yg;jzifhom
y,fowfEikd yf g onf/
tMurf;pm; 0Dwu
d rú udavomonf tudik ;f tcuft&Guw
f EYkd iS w
hf \
l / tvwfpm; y&d,|k me
udavomonf yifpnfEiS hf tvm;wl\/ tEkpm; tEko,udavomrsK;d onf opfyif\ a&aomufjrpf
ESiw
hf \
l /
toD;oD;avh&Sdaom opfyifudk tqdyfql;jzifh xdk;oGif;vdkufvQif toD;oD;apwwfonfh
"mwfowåd ukefcef;oGm;\ / toD;oD;csdefa&mufvQif vHk;0toD;roD;Edkifawmh? xdkYtwl tEko,
udavomjzpfay:aom pdwftpOfü r*fpdwf jzpfay:vmonfESifh wNydKifeuf ]tEko, udavom
"mwf} onf tjrpfjywfoGm;awmh\/ þodkYjzpfonfudk r*fjzifhy,fowfonf[k ac:ygonf/ xdk
y,fowfenf;onf t<uif;rJh y,fowfenf; (orkapä'y[mef)yifjzpfonf/ tEko, udavomrsm;
aemufxyfjyefvnf jzpfEikd cf Gihf r&Sad wmhay/
r*fynmav;yg;jzifh tEko,udavomudk y,fowfEkdifonfqdk&mü r*fynmqdkonfrSm
tm;xkwyf mG ;rsm;rIr&Sb
d J ½kww f &uf tvdt
k avsmufjzpfay:vmonfh ynmrsKd ;r[kw?f 0dyóem ½Irw
S f
yGm;rSom ay:ayguf &&SEd ikd af yonf/
] tEko,y,f ? 'kue© ,f ? wu,fvw
G Mf uonf }
.........................m h n........................
k
k
a'gorlpw
d f (2) yg;wd\
Yk qd½k ;kd t"dyÜm,f
1/ pdwq f if;&Jjcif; cHpm;rIEiS w

hf uG trsuaf 'goESi, hf OS íf wduk w f Ge;f rIrygbJ jzpfay:aom a'go
rlpw
d f (1)yg;/
2/ pdwqf if;&Jjcif;ESiw hf uG trsuaf 'goESi, hf OS íf wduk w f Ge;f rIjzifh jzpfay:aom a'gorlpw d f
(1)yg;/
k
'Gg& (6)yg;ü xifvmaom tm½Hrk sm;udk rESpo

f ufvQif a'gorlpw
d jf zpfay:yHk
½lyg½Hk? o'´g½kH? *E¨m½Hk? &om½HkESifh azm|Aºm½Hkwnf;[laom umr*kPftm½HkwdkYudk rESpfoufvQif
a'gorlpw
d jf zpfay:\ /
1/ vifao? om;qHk;? rdbarmifbGm; jyKwfjyKwfjyKef;onfudk awGU jrif&aomtcg t½l;rBuD;b0ESifh
idak <u;aeol r,fy#mpm&Dü ]a'greóo[*kwf y#dCorÜ,w k f tocF g&u
d pdw}f jzpfaeonf/
GH
22
a
EF
2/ q&morm;qk;H ronfukd rausreyfjzpfaeolü ]a'greóo[*kwf y#dCorÜ,w

k f tocFg&u
d
pdw}f jzpfaeonf/
3/ teHqY ;kd udk ½SL½du
I &f í rESpo
f ufaomtcg ]a'greóo[*kwf y#dCorÜ,w
k f tocFg&u
d pdw}f
jzpf\/
4/ jynfyef;ndK csKd ygvsuf qm;uzsuíf trsux
f u
G o
f ül ]a'greóo[*kwf y#dCorÜ,w
k f tocFg
&dupdw}f jzpf\/
5/ ajcaxmufukd ql;pl;í pdwq
f ;kd olü ]a'greóo[*kwf y#dCorÜ,w
k f tocFg&u
d pdw}f jzpf\/
6/ awGU zl;? Mum;zl;? awGUxdzl;onfwdkYudk jyefvnfawG;awmí rauseyfolü ]a'greóo[*kwf
y#dCorÜ,w k f tocF g&u d pdw}f jzpf\/
7/ a'gojzpfaMumif; w&m; (10)yg;&S\
d /
(u) rdr\d tusKd ;pD;yGm;rJu
h kd a&S;uvnf;jyKNy;D ? ,ckvnf;jyKqJ? aemifvnf;jyKrnf[íl &efNiKd ;zGJU
rI (3)yg;/
(c) rdrdcspfcifol\ tusdK;pD;yGm;rJhudk a&S;uvnf;jyKNyD;? ,ckvnf;jyKqJ? aemifvnf;jyKrnf
[lí &efNiKd ;zGJU rI (3)yg;/
(*) rdrd&efol\ tusdK;pD;yGm;udk a&S;uvnf;jyKNyD;? ,ckvnf;jyKqJ? aemifvnf;jyKrnf[lí
&efNidK;zGJU rI (3)yg;/
xdk ( 9 )yg;aom taMumif;wdo
Yk nf a'gojzpfaMumif;jzpf\/
(C) rd;k &GmvGe;f jcif;? rd;k r&Gmjcif;? aeylvGe;f jcif;? ponfwaYkd Mumifh t&mr[kwb
f J trsux
f Guf
jcif;udk xnfah ygi;f vQif (10)yg;jzpfonf/
olwpfyg;wdu
k w
f Ge;f í pdwq
f ;kd pdwaf umufjzpfvQif oocF g&u
d pdwf jzpfonf/
k
k
trsuaf 'goudk y,fowfenf;
a'goudk oDv? orm"d? ynmjzifh y,fEidk \ f /

1/ oDvudk cH,laqmufwnfapmifhxdef;rSomvQif a'gopdwfjzifh usL;vGef&aom ygPmwdygwuH
ponfwu Ykd kd usL;vGeo
f nft
h qifh ra&mufEidk /f
2/ a'goonf ]ta'go} ac:onfh arwåmw&m;\ qefYusifbufjzpf\/ wpf*lxJwGif jcaoFh
(2)aumif twlratmif;EkdifouJhodkY a'goESifh arwåmwdkYonf wpfcsdefwnf;wGif twlrjzpf
Ekid Mf u/ pdwt f pOfwGif a'gopdw0f ifvQif arwåma&jzifh aq;aMumEdik o
f nf/ a'gorlpw
d f (2)yg;udk
tem*grrd *fjzifh tNy;D y,fowfEidk \ f /
GH
a
EF
k
k
arwåmyGm;enf;
(u) wef;wlawGv U Qi?f arwåm0if? r0ifEikd uf NyKd iwf wfw,f/

NyKd irf nft h pm;? arwåmyGm;? pdwx f m;jyKjyifajymif;ygrh ,f/
(c) ud, k ahf tmufawGv U Qi?f u½kPm0if? r0ifEidk u f Ekid w
f wfw,f/
Ekid rf nft h pm;? u½kPmyGm;? pdwx f m;jyKjyif ajymif;ygrh ,f/
(*) ud, k x hf ufomvQi?f rk'w d m0if? r0if£óm ,dik w f wfw,f/
,dik rf nft h pm;? rk'wd myGm;? pdwx f m;jyKjyif ajymif;ygrh ,f/
(C) ½kyu f v kd nf;jyif? pdwv f nf;jyif? jyifqifwikd ;f &? jyKwidk ;f vS? okcedAmº efwikd v
f rd rhf ,f/
3/ a'gorlpw
d f (2)yg;jzpfay:aom pdwt
f pOfü tem*grrd *fpw
d f jzpfay:vmonfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf a'go
rlpw
d o
f nf tjrpfjywfomG ;awmh\/
k
k
arm[rlpw
d f (2)yg;wd\
Yk qd½k ;kd t"dyÜm,f
1/ 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ &wemoHk;yg;ESifh uH? uH\ tusdK;w&m;wdkYudk ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfjcif;ESifh

,SOaf om arm[rlpw d f (1)yg;?
2/ 0rf;om0rf;enf; rjzpfbJ ysHU vGijhf cif;ESi,
hf OS íf jzpfaom arm[rlpw
d f (1)yg;?
&Si;f vif;csuf
(arm[ = tm½k\
H oabmtrSeu f kd zH;k uG,jf cif;)
arm[rlv&SdaomaMumifh ]arm[rlpdwf}[kac:qdkonf/ arm[rlpdwfü ]Oayu©mo[*kwf}
csn;f jzpfaomaMumifh a0'emtm;jzifh uGjJ ym;rIr&S/d tocF g&u d ? oocF g&u
d pdw[ f íl ]ocF g&} tm;jzifh
uGjJ ym;rIr&S/d 0dpu
d pd mä orÜ,w
k Ef iS hf O'¨po
ö rÜ,w
k [
f íl ]a,m*}tm;jzifo
h m ]2}yg;jym;\/
1/ _ . 0d = Oayu©mo[*kwf 0dpu d pd mä orÜ,w

k /f
Oayu©m = 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ + o[*w = o[*kwf = ESiw hf uG
+ 0dpu
d pd mä = bk&m; ? w&m; ? oHCm ? uHw&m;wdu Yk kd ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfjcif;ESihf
+ orÜ,w k å = orÜ,w k f = ,SOaf om + pdwå = pdw/f
2/ _ . O = Oayu©mo[*kwf O'¨po ö rÜ,wk /f

Oayu©m = 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ + o[*w = o[*kwf = ESiw hf uG
+ O'¨p=
ö ysv
UH iG jhf cif;ESihf + orÜ,w k å = orÜ,w
k f = ,SOaf om + pdwå = pdw/f
GH
24
a
EF
k
k
usiphf Of
tukov kd pf w
d w f iG f yg0ifí rwifw h ,faom ]arm[rlpw d f (2)yg;onf} oDv ? orm"dEiS hfynmjzifh
y,f&rnfwh &m; jzpf\ / arm[rlpw d jf zpfwikd ;f owd? ynmjzifh apmifMh unfv h Qif arm[tpOf jywfomG ;rnf/
arm[rlpw d jf zpfwikd ;f rSepf mG odEikd &f ef arm[rlpwd f jzpfay:yu kH kd pdppfo&d &dS ef vdt
k yfonf/
1/ tbd"r®m ÓPfynmudk oif,jl cif;jzifh ukov kd t
f usK;d &onfqo kd nfrmS [kwyf goavm/
tcsdefukefvlyef; tem;,ltcsdefjzKef;&m usavoavm[k ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfaeolü ]Oayu©m
o[*kwf 0dpu d pd mä orÜ,w k pf w d }f jzpfae\/
2/ axG&mav;yg; tBuaH wGrsm;aeolü ]Oayu©mo[*kwf O'¨po ö rÜ,w k pf w
d }f jzpfae\/
k
k
arm[rlpw
d f (2)yg;udk y,fenf;
yx0DuodP k ;f paom orxtm½Hük pdwu f w

kd nfNird af tmif xm;Edik v
f Qif pdwyf sH U vGihf jcif;uif; a0;
\/ 0dpu
d pd mä orÜ,wk f arm[rlpwd u f kd aomwmywård *fjzifh tNy;D y,fowfEidk íf O'¨po ö rÜ,w k f arm[rl
pdwu
f rkd l t&[wår*fjzifo h m tNy;D y,fowfEikd o
f nf/
.........................m h n........................
ojkljkljkljkljkl
o
2/klj
t[dklj
wpf w
d klj
f (18)yg; kl
oj k lj
o
(t = r,SOf + [dwf = taMumif;t&m)

tukov kd f ukov kd w
f u
Ykd kd jzpfapaom taMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfMuonfh avmbç a'goç arm[ç
tavmbç ta'goç tarm[ wnf;[laom [dwf (6)yg;vH;k wdEYk iS hf r,SOMf uojzifh ,SOzf uf [dwu f if;
aom pdwrf sm;jzpfMuí ]t[dwpf w d }f [kac:qokd nf/
][dwf} qdkonfrSm ]a[wk} ygVdo'´grS qif;oufvmonf/ ]a[wk} \ t"dyÜm,frSm
]taMumif;w&m;} yifjzpfonf/
tukov kd uf kd jzpfapaom ]avmbç a'goç arm[} apwoduf (3)yg;wdu Yk kd ]tukov
kd [ f wd }f
(3)yg; [kac:qo kd nf/
ukodkvfudkjzpfapaom ]tavmbç ta'goç tarm[} apwoduf (3)yg;wdkYudk ]ukodkvf
[dw}f (3)yg;[kac:qo kd nf/
t[dwpf w d f (18)yg;vH;k wdo Yk nf xdt
k ukovkd [
f w
d f (3)yg;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? ukov kd [f wd f
(3)yg;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif; wpfyg;yg;ESirhf Q r,SOMf u aom pdwrf sm;jzpfMu onf/
GH
a
EF
t[dwpf w
d f (18)yg;wdu
Yk kd atmufygtwdik ;f (3)rsK;d cGJjcm;Edik o
f nf-
(1) tukov 0dygupf w d f (7) yg;/
(2) t[dwu f o
k v0dygupf w d f (8) yg;/
(3) t[dwBf u, d mpdwf (3) yg;/
(2) t[dwpf w
d f (18)yg;
puf aom Cm Zd um o H P tuk o v

=
0dygufpdwf(7)yg; tuk o d k v f t usKd ; ay;aompd w f
puf aom Cm Zd um o H P P t[d w f u k o v

+ =
0dygufpdwf(8)yg; ukodkvftusKd;ay;aompdwf
r [ t[dwfBud,m aMumif ; usKd ; vG w f p d w f

y
+ =
pdwf(3)yg; bk & m;&[EÅ m wd k U wG i f j zpf a ompd w f
puf = pu©K0dnmPf = ½lyg½u

kH kd jrifEikd af ompdw/f
aom = aomw0dnmPf = o'´g½u
kH kd Mum;Edik af ompdw/f
Cm = Cme0dnmPf = *E¨m½Hu
k kd eHEikd af ompdw/f
Zd = Zd0Sg0dnmPf = &om½Hu
k kd cHpm;Edik af ompdw/f
um = um,0dnmPf = azm|AÁm½Hkudk awGUodEdkifaompdwf/
oH = orÜ#dpdäKif;pdwf = tm½Hu
k kd vufcaH ompdw/f
P = oEÅD&Ppdwf = tm½Hu
k kd pHpk rf;aom? axmufvrS ;f aompdw/f
y = yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf = yÍö'Gg&ü qifjcifaompdw/f
r = raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf = raem'Gg&ü qifjcifaompdw/f
[ = [odwyk gÜ 'pf w
d f = bk&m;? &[EÅmwdYk NyKH ;&,faompdw/f
GH
26
a
EF
t[dwfpdwf (18) yg; qdk½dk;
1 puf Oayu©mo[*kwf pu©K 0dnmPf tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;

2 aom Oayu©mo[*kwf aomw 0dnmPf tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;
tukov0dygufpdwf (7) yg;
3 Cm Oayu©mo[*kwf Cme 0dnmPf tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;
4 Zd Oayu©mo[*kwf Zd0gS 0dnmPf tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;
5 um 'ku©o[*kwf
V
um, 0dnmPf tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;
6 oH Oayu©mo[*kwf orÜ#dpdäKif; tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;
7 P Oayu©mo[*kwf oEDÅ&P tukov0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;

1 puf Oayu©mo[*kwf pu©K 0dnmPf t[dwu
f o
k v0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;
2 aom Oayu©mo[*kwf aomw 0dnmPf t[dwu

f o
t[dwfukov 0dygufpdwf (8) yg;
3 Cm Oayu©mo[*kwf Cme 0dnmPf t[dwu

f o
4 Zd Oayu©mo[*kwf Zd0gS 0dnmPf t[dwu

f o
5 um
V okco[*kwf um, 0dnmPf t[dwu
f o
6 oH Oayu©mo[*kwf orÜ#dpdäKif; t[dwu
f o
7 P aomreóo[*kwf oEDÅ&P t[dwu k v0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;

f o
+
8 P Oayu©mo[*kwf oEDÅ&P t[dwu k v0dyguf pdwf 1 - yg;

f o
1 y Oayu©mo[*kwf yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef; t[dwBf ud,m pdwf 1 - yg;

t[dwfBud,m
pdwf (3) yg;
2 r Oayu©mo[*kwf raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; t[dwBf ud,m pdwf 1 - yg;
3 [ aomreóo[*kwf [odwkyÜg'f t[dwBf ud,m pdwf 1 - yg;

+
GH
a
EF
&Si;f vif;csuf
k
k tukov0dygupf w
d f (7)yg;
(tukov = tukodkvf + 0dygu = tusKd; = tukodkvf\ tusKd;jzpfaompdwfrsm;)
tukov kd \f tusK;d jzpfaom pdwrf sm;jzpfMuojzifh ]tukov0dygupf w d }f [k ac:qo kd nf/
rdrdtm;xkwfcJhaom uHw&m;onf y#doaE¨tusKd;udk omru y0wådtusKd;udkvnf; ay;\/
y0wåt d usK;d [lonfrmS y#doaE¨ ESihf pkwMd um;umvb0ü awGBY uKH cpH m;&aom tusK;d rsm; jzpfMuonf/
tukov kd u f H (12)yg;wduYk kd usL;vGecf rhJ aI Mumifh tukov0dygupf w d f (7)yg;wdo Yk nf umr (11)
bHük vnf;aumif;? ½ly (15)bHük vnf;aumif; xdu k of nft h m;avsmpf Gm tusK;d 0dyguuf kd jzpfaponf/
owå0gwdkYonf aumif;rGefpGmjzpfcsifaom qE´ç 0D&d, ESifh apwemwdkYjzifh aumif;rGefpGm cHpm;
pHpm;EdkifMu&ef ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufMuonf/ odkY&mwGif b0tqufqufu jyKcJhzl;aom
tukov kd u
f rH sm;\ tusK;d 0dygurf sm;onf t&dyo f zG,v f u
kd af e\/ ,©Kb0 y0wåu d mvwGif taMumif;
nDñGwfí tukodkvftusKd;ay;vSnfhBuHKvQif ted|m½HkjrifuGif;? toHqdk;? teHYqdk;? t&omqdk;? txd
tawGU qd;k wdEYk iS hf BuKH awGU Mu&onf/
þuJo h Ykd tukov kd u
f w
H \ Ykd tusK;d ay;rIaMumifh ted|m½HEk iS hf awGq U tkH aMumif;jyKí jzpfay:vm
aom pdwrf sm;jzpfMuojzifh ]tukov0dygupf w d }f [kac:qjkd cif;jzpfonf/
k
k
tukov0dygupf w
d f (7)yg; uGjJ ym;yHk
tukov0dygupf w
d o
f nf pu©Kpaom rS&D mç orÜ#pd Kdä i;f paom udpt
ö m;jzifh uGJjym; jcif;aMumifh
(7)yg;&Syd gonf/
tukov0dygufpdwf (7)yg; a&SUwGif ]]t[dwf}} udk txl;jyKrxnf&yHk
[dwEf iS ,
hf OS af om ]o[dwt
f ukov 0dygupf w
d }f [lí r&Sad omaMumifh xdpk w
d rf sm; \a&Sw
U Gif
]t[dw}f [laom txl;jyKpum;vH;k udk rxnfb
h J ]tukov0dygupf w d }f [l í ac:q&kd onf/
k
k
t[dwu
f o
k v0dygupf w
d f (8)yg;
(ukov = ukodkvf\ + 0dygu = tusKd; + ta[wku = tavmb paom ,SOfbuf
[dwfr&Sd) = ukodkvf\ tusKd;jzpfaom ,SOfbuf[dwfr&Sdonfh pdwf/ ukodkvf\
tusKd;jzpfaom pdwfrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh ]t[dwfukov0dygufpdwf} [kac:qdk\/
owå0gwdkYonf a&S;b0u jyKcJhbl;aom ukodkvfuHrsm;\ tusKd;0dyguftjzpf pdwfrsm;udk
&&Sx
d m;Muonf/ ukov kd u
f \ H tusK;d ay;rIaMumifh vdv k m;ESpo f uftyfaom £|m½Hrk sm;ESihf BuKH awG&U
jcif;udk taMumif;jyKí jrifç Mum;ç eHç pm;ç xdoçd pdwrf sm;jzpfay: vmjcif;jzpfonf/
ukov
kd \
f tusK;d pdwrf sm;jzpfaomaMumifh ]t[dwu f ok v0dygupf wd }f [k ac:qo
kd nf/
GH
28
a
EF
k
k
pu©K0n
d mPfa'G[íl (2)yg;pDujJG ym;&jcif;
owå0gwo Ykd nf a&S;b0ujyKcb hJ ;l aom ukov kd uf EH iS hf tukov kd u f wH \Ykd tusK;d 0dygurf sm;tjzpf
tm½Hak umif; tm½Hq k ;kd rsm;ESihf awGx
U íd pdwt f rsK;d rsK;d jzpfMu&onf/
raumif;aom tm½HkwdkYudk jrifç Mum;ç eHç pm;ç xdawGUç &jcif;wkdYrSm a&S;tukodkvfuHwdkYaMumifh
jzpf&aom tusK;d w&m;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ aumif;aom tm½Hw k u Ykd kd jrifç Mum;ç eHç pm;ç xdawG&U jcif;wdrYk mS
a&S;ukov kd u
f wH \ Ykd tusK;d 0dygupf w d rf sm;jzpfMuonf/
þuJo h Ykd tukov kd uf \ H tusK;d ESihf ukov kd u f \ H tusK;d [lí tusK;d ay;rIuGmjcm; aomaMumifh
pu©K0dnmPf[laom jrifodpdwfç aomw0dnmPf[laom Mum;odpdwfç Cme0dnmPf[laom eHod
pdwfç Zd0Sg0dnmPf[laom pm;odpdwfç um,0dnmPf[laom ]xdodpdwf} wdkYrSm (2)yg;pD uGJjym;oGm;
&ayonf/
xdjk rifopd w d f (2)yg;udk ]pu©K0n d mPfa'G}ç Mum;odpw d f (2)yg;udk ]aomw0dnmPfa'G}ç eHopd w d f
(2)yg;udk ]Cme0dnmPfa'G}ç pm;odpw d f (2)yg;udk ]Zd0gS 0n d mPfa'G} xdopd w d f (2)yg;udk ]um,0dnmPf
a'G}[lí ac:qo kd nf/ xdpk w d f (10)yg;wdu Yk kd pkaygi;f í ]a'GyÍö0n d mPf (10) yg;} [lí ac:qykd gonf/
k
k
a'GyÍö0n
d mPf (10)yg;
pu©K0n
d mPfa'G = raumif;aom ted|m½Hrk sm;jzpfonfh rzG,rf &m ajcjywfvufjywf olao
aumifç acG;aoaumifykyf ponfwdkYudk jrifawGU&jcif;onf tukodkvfuH
0dygut f pGr;f aMumifh jrif&jcif;jzpfí xdjk rifuGi;f udk ]Oayu©mo[*kwf pu©K0n d mPf tukov0dyguf
pdwfjzifh} jrifawGU&onf/ aumif;aomtm½Hk £|m½Hkrsm;jzpfonfh tvGefvSyqef;Mu,faom bk&m;
apwDykxdk;rsm;udk zl;arQmf&jcif;? tbd"r®mpmayudk zwf½IavhvmcGifh&jcif;wdkYonf ukodkvfuH0dyguf
tpGrf;aMumifh jrif&jcif;jzpfí xdkjrifuGif;udk ]Oayu©mo[*kwf pu©K0dnmPf t[dwfukov0dyguf
pdwjf zif}h jrifawG&U onf/
aomw0dnmPfa'G =raumif;aom ted|m½Hrk sm;jzpfonfh us,af vmifqn l aH om tonf;uGJ
oDcsif;oHESifh rMum;0Hhremom z½ko0gpmpum;wdkYudk Mum;&jcif;onf
tukodkvfuH 0dyguftpGrf;aMumifh Mum;&jcif;jzpfí xdktoHqdk;wdkYudk ]Oayu©m o[*kwf aomw0d
nmPf tukov 0dygufpdwfjzifh} Mum;&onf/ aumif;aom tm½Hk£|m½Hkrsm;jzpfonfh eHeufcsdefcg
aw;oHomudk em;qif&jcif;ESifh tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk emMum;&jcif;onf ukodkvfuH 0dyguftpGrf;
aMumifh Mum;&jcif;jzpfí xdkom,memaysmfzG,fwdkYudk ]Oayu©mo[*kwf aomw0dnmPf t[dwf
ukov0dygupf w d }f jzifh Mum;&onf/
Cme0dnmPfa'G =pGeyYf pfa&qd;k a&ykyw f \ Ykd teHq Y ;kd wdu Yk kd eH&jcif;wdo
Yk nf tukov kd u
f 0H yd guf
tpGr;f aMumifeh &H jcif;jzpfí xdt k eHq Y ;kd wdu Yk kd ]Oayu©mo[*kwf Cme 0dnmPf
tukov 0dygufpdwf} jzifh eH&onf/ teHYqdk;uif;í yef;&eHYoif;jcif;ESifh a&arT;eHYwdkYonf ukodkvfuH
0dygut f pGr;f aMumifh eH&jcif;jzpfí teHaY umif;wdu Yk kd ]Oayu©mo[*kwC f me0dnmPf t[dwu f ok v
0dygupf w d }f jzifh eH&onf/
GH
a
EF
Zd0Sg0dnmPfa'G = aq;cg;BuD;udk rsKd&jcif;ESifh yJaphwpf0uf ajymif;wpf0ufESifh [if;vsmu

yDavmç vnfacsmif;udak jrvSeçf *vHq k efatmifpu kH efvYkd arQm&ol ra&onf
\ cHpm;&aomt&omwdo Yk nf tukov kd f uH0yd gut f pGr;f aMumifh jzpfí ]Oayu©m o[*kwZf 0d gS 0n d mPf
tukov 0dygufpdwfjzifh} t&omcHpm;&onf/ &ompHkvifpm;awmfyGJESifh ESpfoufzG,f&m tpm;
taomufwu Ykd kd pm;&jcif;wko Yd nf ukov kd u
f 0H yd gut f pGr;f aMumifh pm;aomuf&jcif;jzpfí ]Oayu©m
o[*kwf Zd0gS 0n d mPf t[dwu f o
k v0dygupf w d jf zif}h pm;odcpH m;&onf/
um,0dnmPfa'G = &ifcsif;quftrTm at;at;Nidrf;ESifh tdtdNidrf; nDtpfrwdkY cGJpdwfrIcH&jcif;
ESifh bk&m;&Siaf jcrawmfü ausmufcJxrd eS &f jcif;wdo Yk nf tukov kd uf H 0dyguf
tpGr;f aMumifh ud, k u f m, emusi&f jcif;jzpf í ]'kuo © [*kwu f m,0dnmPf tukov0dyguf pdwjf zif}h
xdocd pH m;&rnf/ trTmnDtpfrwdu Yk kd apwem&Sif olemjyKq&mrwdu Yk El;nHah om 0wfaumif; pm;vS
wdkYjzifh ,k,ydkufaxG;xm;jcif;wdkYonf ukodkvfuH0dyguf tpGrf;aMumifh udk,fum,awGUxdcHpm;rI
aumif;rGejf cif;jzpfí ]okco[*kwf um,0dnmPf t[dwu f o k v 0dygupf w d jf zif}h xdocd pH m;&onf/
k
k
pu©K0n
d mPfpaom pdwf (4)yg; Oayu©ma0'emESihf ,SO&f jcif;
pu©Kç aomwç Cmeç Zd0Sg 0dnmPfpdwfwdkY rSDíjzpfMu&aom 0w¬K½kyfwdkYrSm blw½kyf wdkYudkom
rSMD u&aom Oyg'g ½kyrf sm;jzpfMuonf/
0dnmPfpdwfjzpf&ef tm½HkESifh 0w¬K½kyfwdkY tcsif;csif; xdcdkufMu&onf/ pu©K0w¬K ponfESifh
½lyg½HkwdkY\ xdcdkufrIonf Oyg'g½kyftcsif;csif; xdcdkufrIjzpfí 0g*Grf;qdkif (2)ck xdcdkufouJhodkY xdcdkufrI
tm;enf;Ny;D rjyif;xefv/S xdaYk Mumifh £|m½HEk iS jhf zpfapç ted|m½Hk ESijhf zpfap wdu
k q
f ikd f xdcu
kd v
f Qif cHpm;rI
a0'em rxif&mS ;aomaMumifh Oayu©m a0'emESihf om ,SOMf uonf/
k
k
um,0dnmPfpw
d f (2)yg;\ xl;jcm;rI
um,0dnmPfpdwfonf um,0w¬K½kyfudk rSDíjzpfonf/ um,0dnmPfpdwf\ tm½Hkonf
azm|AÁm½Hkjzpfonf/ azm|AÁm½HkqdkonfrSm yx0Dç awaZmç 0ga,m [laom r[mbkwf
(3)yg;wdjYk zpfonf/
um,0w¬KEiS hf azm|AÁm½Hw
k \
Ykd xdcu
kd rf t
I m;Bu;D aomaMumifh ted|m½HEk iS hf awGBY uKH &vQif ud,
k f
qif;&Jjcif;[lonhf ]'ku©o[*kwf um,0dnmPfpdwf}jzpf&onf/ £|m½Hk ESifh awGYBuHK&vQif udk,f
csr;f omjcif;[lonfh ]okco[*kwf um,0dnmPfpw d }f jzpf&onf/
k
k
tukov0dygupf w
d u
f siphf Of
tukovkd u
f \
H tusK;d tjzpf rvdv k m; rESpo f uftyfaom ted|m½Hjk rifuiG ;f ç toHq;kd ç teHqU ;kd ç
t&omqd;k ç txdtawGqU ;kd wdEYk iS hf awGU BuKH cpH m;&onft
h cg jzpfay:vmaom tukov 0dygupf w d o
f nf
(7)yg;&S\
d /
GH
30
a
EF
xdkpdwfrsm;jzpfNyD;vQif rauseyfaom a'gopdwfrsm; rjzpf&ef ]a,medaom reodum&} jzpf

atmif BuKd ;pm;&rnf/
avmu"H "avh rkefwdkif;arTUcH&í 'ku©yifv,fa0&jcif;ç tjypfr&SdbJ tuJh&JUcHjcif;wdkYrSm
tukov kd f uH\ tusK;d 0dygurf sm;jzpfMuonf/
onf;cHEikd jf cif;onf jrifjh rwfow l \Ykd "r®wmç Edik w
f ikd ;f ESyd pf ufuvljyKusiw hf wfjcif;rSm rapmifh
pnf;olw\ Ykd "r®wm/
0#fa<u;&Síd cH&onfrmS pdwef mzG,rf [kw?f b,forl jyK rdrjd yKcahJ om uH\tusK;d ay;rIukd cH&jcif;
omjzpfonf/ &efwkefYjyefvQif aMuuGJzG,f&m b0qdk;rsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&OD;rnf/ tjyeftvSeftEdkif
t½IH;ESifh rqHk;Edkifatmif oHo&m&Snfrnf/ rdrdjyKcJhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkY\ tusKd;0dyguf[k tod
ynmjzifh odxm;vsuf
♦ OyÜEmé eH ygyumeH y[mem, 0g,arm = jzpfNy;D aom tukov kd w
f u Ykd kd y,fEikd af tmif
♦ tEkyEÜ mé eH ygyumeH tEkygÜ 'g,0g,arm =rjzpfao;aom tukov kd w f u Ykd kd rjzpfatmif
BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwMf u&rnf/
♦ tukov kd t
f vkyrf sm;rsm;vkyaf evQif tukov0dygupf w d f rsm;rsm;jzpfí ud, k pf w
d Ef pS f
jzm qif;&Jrnf/
k
k
t[dwu
f o
k v0dygupf w
d u
f siphf Of
a&S;ukov kd uf \H tusK;d tjzpf vdv k m;ESpo f uftyfaom tm½Hrk sm;ESihf awGqU íkH jzpfay:vmaom
t[dwfukov0dygufpdwf (8) yg;&Sd\/ xdkpdwfrsm;jzpfNyD;vQif awGU BuHK&aom tm½Hkaumif;tay:rSm
vdck siw
f yfrufuyfNiad erI rjzpf&ef ]a,medaom reodum&} jzpfatmif BuKd ;pm;& rnf/
ukov kd yf g&rDx;l rsm;&&Srd o S mvQif ypöKyeÜ of oH &m ESpjf zmaom b0wdüYk tvd&k t dS yf ESpo
f uftyf
aom tm½Hak umif;rsm;ESihf awGU BuKH cpH m;&rnfjzpfí
♦ tEkyEÜ mé eH ukovmeH OyÜg'g, 0g,arm = rjzpfao;aom ukov kd wf u Ykd kd jzpfvmatmif
tm;xkwjf cif;/
♦ OyÜEémeH ukovmeH bda,sm bm0g, 0g,arm = jzpfNyD;ukodkvfwdkYudk wdk;yGm;atmif
BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwjf cif;wdu Yk kd pOfqufrjywf jyKvyk &f rnf/
♦ ukodkvftvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyfaevQif t[dwfukov 0dygufpdwfrsm;ç rsm;rsm; jzpfí
ud, k pf wd Ef pS jf zm csr;f omrnf/
GH
a
EF
k
k t[dwBf u,
d mpdwf (3)yg;
(t[dwf = [dwEf iS hf r,SOaf om + Bu,

d mpdwf = jyK ½Hk rQ omjzpfí tusK;d ay;jcif;r&Sad ompdw)f
Bu, d mpdwq f o
kd nfrmS ukov
kd Ef iS hf tukov
kd pf w
d rf sm;uJo
h Ykd uHukd jzpfapaom pdwrf sm; r[kwf
acs/ udpöESifh tajccHtm;enf;ívnf;aumif;? tEko,a&aomufjrpf uif;jywfívnf;aumif;
jzpfaomaMumifh jyKumrQ oabm&Sad om pdwrf sm;jzpfMuonf/
k
k
t[dwBf u,
d mpdwf (3)yg; uGjJ ym;yHk
udpt
ö m;jzifh (3)rsK;d uGJjym;aomaMumifh t[dwBf u,
d mpdwf (3)yg; uGJjym;onf/
k
k
[odwkyÜg'fpdwf
([odw = &,f&Tifjcif;udk + OyÜg... = jzpfapwwfaom + pdwå = pdwf) jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh
&[EÅmwdYk NyKH ;&,faompdw/f
k
k
ykxZk OfoEÅmefü &Edik af om tm0ZÆe;f a'G;

yOö'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwo f nf 'Gg& (5)yg;ü xifvmaom tm½ku H kd qifjcifonf/ raem'Gg&m 0ZÆe;f pdwf
onf pdw'f gG &ü xifvmaom tm½Hu k kd qifjcifonf/ xdpk w
d Ef pS yf g;onf tm½Hu k kd qifjcifaompdwcf sn;f
jzpfonf/ 'Gg&om uGjJ ym;onf/
xdaYk Mumifh xdpk w
d f (2)yg;udk tm0ZÆe;f a'G;? tm0ZÆe;f pdwf (2)yg;[kac:onf/ xdpk w d f (2)yg;onf
ykxZk Ofrsm;oEÅmefü &Edik af om Bu, d mpdwjf zpfonf/
k
k
[odwkyÜg'fpdwfonf ]taombepdwfwGif yg0ifaejcif;}

[odwkyÜg'fpdwfonf bk&m;&[EÅmwdkY\ NyHK;&,faompdwfjzpfaomfvnf; ]rwifhw,faom
taombepdww f Gi}f yg0ifaejcif;rSm wifw
h ,faom *kPu
f akd qmifaom ]tavmb} ponfh [dwf
(3)yg;wdEYk iS hf r,SOaf omaMumifjh zpfonf/
k
k
]t[dw}f udk txl;jyKxnf&h jcif;

Bud,mpdwfrsm;wGif ]t[dwfBud,mç o[dwfBud,m }[lí (2)rsdK;&SdaomaMumifh uGJjym;rI
&Sad p&ef ]t[dwf Bu,
d m}[lí ]t[dw}f pum;vH;k udk txl;jyK&ygonf/
.........................m h n........................
GH
32
a
EF
ojkljkljkljkljkl
o
3/ umraombepdw-f 24-yg;
jkljkljkljkljkl
o o
umrbHük jzpfonfh + aombe = wifw h ,faumif;jrwfaom + pdwå = pdwf
xdk (24)yg;aom pdwfwdkYonf o'¨gçowdpaom aombeapwodufwdkYESifh ,SOfíjzpfjcif;?
umrm0p&pdwv f nf;jzpfjcif;wdaYk Mumifh umrm0p&aombepdw[ f ak c:qo kd nf/
]temuif;vpfç tjypfuif;uGmç tvdr®mESifh csrf;omaumif;usdK;ç av;rsdK;tcsufç ukodkvf
teuf} [kq½kd ;kd twdik ;f avmbç a'go ç arm[[laom udavomtemuif;jcif;ç udavom tjypf
uif;jcif;ç vdrm® apjcif;ç aumif;aom tusKd ;udak y;jcif; oabmvu©Pm&Sad omaMumifh ]ukov kd pf w
d }f
[lívnf;ac:qykd gonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh pufqyk zf G,&f mjzpfaom ,kwrf maom tukov kd w f &m;wdu
Yk kd vIyaf pç ikwf
apç jyKwaf tmif zsuq f ;D apwwfaomaMumifh ]ukov kd pf w
d rf nf\} (y[m,u w&m;)/
k
k
]]r[m}}trnfwyfíac:qdkEdkifjcif;
umrç ½lyç t½lyç ESifh avmukwå&m pdwftoD;oD;wdkYwGif ukodkvfpdwfcsif; ç 0dygufpdwfcsif;ç
Bu,
d m pdwcf si;f EIid ;f ,SOyf gvQif umraombepdww f u Ykd ta&twGurf sm;aomaMumifh ]r[mukov
dk çf
r[m0dyguçf r[mBu, d m} [lí ac:q&kd ygonf/
(u) r[mukov dk pf w
d f (0g) umrm0p& ukov kd pf wd f (8)yg;
(c) r[m0dygupf w d f (0g) umrm0p& 0dygupf w d f (8)yg;
(*) r[mBu, d mpdwf (0g) umrm0p&Bu, d mpdwf (8)yg;
umraombepdwf (24)yg;
pOf pdwf OD;a& oauFw
(u) r[mukodkvfpdwf t +H + -H -
8 yg; r[mukodkvf 8 yg;
o +H + -H -
t +H + -H -
(c) r[m0dygufpdwf 8 yg; r[m0dyguf 8 yg;
o +H + -H -
t +H + -H -
(*) r[mBud,mpdwf 8 yg; r[mBud,m 8 yg;
o +H + -H -
umraombepdwf 24 yg; umraombepdwf = 24 yg;
GH
a
EF
umraombepdwf (24)yg;wd\
Yk oabmt"dyÜg,Ef iS hf &Si;f vif;csuf
k
k
r[mukov
dk pf w
d f (8)yg;
r[mukodkvfpdwf (8)yg;wdkYonf ykxkZOfESifhaou©yk*¾dKvfwdkY ukodkvfjyKvkyfaom taMumif;
pdwf jzpfonf/
aou©y*k Kd¾ vq
f o
kd nfrmS txufr*fç zdv k &f &ef qufvuftm;xkwaf eMuonfh ]aomwmyefç
ou'g*grf ESithf em*gr}f yk*Kd¾ vw
f yYkd ifjz pfonf/
ukov
kd jf zpfaom ÓPfponfEiS t hf wlwuG,OS jf zpfaomaMumifh ]ukov
kd }f rnf\/
k
k
ÓPorÜ,w
k f
(ÓP =ÓPf ESi+hf orÜ,w

k å = ,SOíf jzpfjcif; )
ÓP (0g) ÓPfqo kd nfrmS oabmtavsmuf (0g) obm0tm;avsmpf mG xk;d xGi;f í odjrifjcif;
udk ac:qo kd nf/
ÓPorÜ,kwfqdkonfrSm 'geç oDvç bm0em ukokdvfrIwdkYudk jyK&mwGif ukodkvfjyKpdwfudk
]ÓPfynm}ESihf ,SOfíjzpfay;aejcif;jzpfonf/
'gejyK&mwGif xifay:vrkd çI yvTm;vdrk çI txifBu;D cHvrkd I ç avmuDtusKd ;udk arQmrf eS ;f rIç bGx UJ ;l *kPf
xl;&vdrk pI onfh yumoewdu Yk kd a&SmifMuOfvsuf tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vw f \ Ykd &&Srd nfh tusKd ;ç 'ge\ tusKd ;ç uH-
uH\tusKd ; ç edAmÁ efu&dk nfreS ;f aom ]0d0¥edów d ukov
kd }f rsKd ;udk arQmuf ;kd vsuf ay;urf;pGeBYf ujJ cif;'ge
udk ÓPorÜ,w k f 'geukov dk f [kac:qo kd nf/
oDvukov kd uf kd jyK&mwGiv f nf; txifBu;D cHvrkd pI onfh [efaqmifov D udk a&SmifMuOfvsuf
edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; taxmuftyHhtjzpf&nf&G,fí oDvaqmufwnfjcif;onfç ÓPorÜ,kwf
oDvukov kd jf zpfonf/
bm0emukov kd w
f u Ykd kd yGm;rsm;tm;xkw&f müvnf; ]&dyo f mcsi;f NyKd if ç enf;csi;f NyKd if ç q&mcsi;f
NyKd i}f ponfh tNyKd it f qdik f oabmrsm;udk a&SmifMuOfvsuf udavom Nird ;f at;&ef ½kyef mrfw&m;wd\ Yk
vu©Pma&;oH;k yg;udk ÓPfouf0ifvsuf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwjf cif;onf ÓPorÜ,w k f bm0emukov kd f
jzpf\/
k
k
ÓP 0dyÜ,w
k f
(ÓP = ÓPf? 0dy,

Ü w
k f = r,SOjf cif;)
ÓP0dyÜ,kwfqdkonfrSm 'ge ç oDvç bm0em ukodkvfwdkYudk jyK&mwGif ]ÓPfr,SOfaomç
ÓPfrygaom ukov dk jf yKpw
d jf zpfonf/
'geç oDv ç bm0em ukov dk w
f u Ykd kd jyK&mwGif xifay:vrkd I <um;0gvrkd çI vlcsr;f om ç ewfcsr;f omç
jA[®mcsrf;omrsm;udk arQmfrSef;NyD;jyKonfh 0¥edódw ukodkvfrsdK;udk jyKjcif;onf ÓPfr,SOfaomç
ÓPfrygaom ]ÓP0dy, Ü wk f ukov dk }f tnHph m;jzpfonf/
GH
34
a
EF
rd½;kd zvmt& rdbbd;k bGm;wdYk jyKvyk af eus ukov kd rf sKd ;jzpfí rdrw d u Ykd qufcjH yKvyk af eNrçJ jyKvyk f
aejcif;wdo Yk nf ]ukvmpm&ukov kd }f rsKd ;jzpf\/ ÓP0dy, Ü wk f ukov kd rf sKd ;jzpfí tusKd ;rBu;D vS/
tmPmwefc;kd &So d El iS rhf b d ç q&morm; ç rdwaf qG o*F[wdu Yk tjypfwifu&hJ rUJ nfukd aMumufí
jyKvyk af omukov kd rf sKd ;onf ]b,ukov kd }f rsKd ;jzpf\/ ÓP0dy, Ü w k u f o k v kd }f jzpfonf/
ypönf;vmbfvmb&&Sda&;ç rdrd\ *kPfxl;&&Sda&; ç emrnfausmfMum;txifBuD;cH&a&;wdkYudk
arQmrf eS ;f ívnf;aumif;? rdr\ d aqGrsKd ;om;csi;f jzpfívnf;aumif;? rdro d m;\q&mç rdr\ d nDç wlç tpfukd
ponfjzifh oHa,mZOfbufívnf;aumif;? ukodkvfjyKjcif;rsdK;onf ]vmbukodkvf} rsKd;jzpfonf/
tusKd ; rBu;D aom ]ÓP0dy, Ü w k u f ok vkd rf sKd ;}jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh tm;em&rnfholrsm;ygí vSL&jcif; ç aMumuf&rnfholygí ab;&efukdaMumufojzifh
vSL& jcif;? &mxl;&mcH &vdík vSL&jcif; ç ud, k u f sd K;pD;yGm; vkyif ef;&&Sad &;wdu Yk kd arQmrf eS ;f í ay;vSLjcif;[lorQ
wdYk onf]ÓP0dy, Ü wk f ukov kd }f rsK;d omjzpfonf/
xdek nf;twl aA'if,Mwmacsaomtm;jzifh 'kvb ’ &[ef;cHjcif; ç oufowfvGwpf m;jcif;ç a&ç
rD;ç xD;ç wHcGefvSLjcif;? wHwm;cif;jcif;? oDvaqmufwnfjcif;? w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;wdkYonf ]ÓP
0dy, Ü w
k }f ukov kd o f mjzpfonf/
txufyg ukov kd rf sKd ;wdo Yk nf ]tusKd ;rjrif ç ÓPfr,SOaf om 'G[ d w d u f o k v kd rf sKd ;} jzpfMuonf/
]]aomreó o[*kwu
f o
k v
kd pf w
d u
f ydrk o
kd mvGe\
f }}
'geç oDv ç bm0em ukodkvfwdkYudk jyKvkyf&mwGif ]0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompdwf }jzifh jyKvkyfvQif
]aomreó o[*kwpf w d f }jzpf\ / oifw
h if½h pkH w
d jf zifh jyKvyk v
f Qif ]Oayu©mo[*kwpf w d }f jzpf\/
umrm0p&ukodkvfvkyfief;rsm;ü 0rf;om&Tifjy (aomreóo[*kwfpdwfjzifh) jyKvkyfjcif;
onf ]Oayu© mo[*kwf pdw}f jzifjh yKvyk of nfxuf tusKd ;ay; ydrk x kd ufoefonf/
r[*¾Kwf ukovkd t
f &mwGif ]Oayu©m ukov kd u f aomreó ukov kd x
f uf }ydrk tkd m;aumif;
onf/
r[mukov kd af omreójzpfaMumif; w&m; (3)yg;

1/ o'¨gw&m;tm;Bu;D xufoefjcif;/
2/ ynmtajrmftjrifEiS hf jynfph jkH cif;/
3/ vSLzG,0f w¬Kç tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vrf sm;ESijhf ynfph jkH cif;/
þ (3)yg;ESijhf ynfph v
kH Qif aomreójzpfí rnDñGwv f Qif Oayu©mjzpfonf/
GH
a
EF
]] ÓPorÜ,w
k pf w
d u
f ydrk t
kd usKd ;ay;oef\ }}
ukov kd jf yK&mü tusKd ;odjrif ÓPfEiS , fh OS íf jyKvQif ÓPfygaom ]ÓPorÜ,w k u f o k vkd pf w
d }f
jzpf\/ tav;rrl ÓPfrulbJ trIrhJ trSwrf jhJ yKvQif ÓPfrygaom ]ÓP0dy, Ü wk f ukov kd pf wd f }jzpf\/
ÓPfygaom ukov kd pf wd u
f tusKd ;ay;ydrk x kd ufoefí aemufb0ü r*fzvkd ef Ad mÁ efukd &Edik af om
ÓPfxufjrufonfh ]wd[w d }f yk*Kd¾ vjf zpfwwfonf/
ÓPfrygaom ukodkvfpdwfu tusdK;ay;&mwGif aemufb0ü r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk r&Edkifaom
ÓPfEo UHk nfh ]'d[G w d }f yk*Kd¾ vjf zpfwwfonf/
r[mukov
kd Ó
f P orÜ,w
k jf zpfaMumif; (5)yg;
1/ a&S;b0u ynmudjk zpfapwwfaom olwpfyg;wdt Yk m; a[majymjyoç ydcYk sco
hJ nfh
]uH}udk jyKvyk cf jhJ cif;/
2/ a'goç Asmyg' r&Sad om jA[®mbHük jzpf&jcif;/
3/ umr*kPpf w d ef nf;yg;í orm"dBu;D rm; A[kow k rsm;aom t&G,af &mufí yndaÈ´
(tod ynm) &ifu h sujf cif;/
4/ udavom uif;a0;jcif;/
5/ wd[w d f y#doaEäejcif;/
þtaMumif; (5)yg;ESijhf ynfph v kH QifÓPorÜ,wk jf zpfí rjynfph v
kH QifÓP0dy, Ü w
k f
jzpfonf/
]] tocFg&u
d pdwu
f ydrk x
kd ufjruf\ }}
ukodkvfjyK&mwGif pdwftm;xufxufoefoefjyKvQif ]tocFg&dupdwf}jzpf\/ olwpfyg;
wduk w
f Ge;f íjzpfap rdru
d pdwt
f m;xufoefrI r&Síd jzpfap ukov kd jf yKvQif ]oocFg&u
d ukov
kd pf w
d }f
jzpfonf/ pdwt f m;xufoefaom ]tocFg&u
d ukov kd pf w
d }f u ydík tusKd ;ay;xufoefonf/
r[mukov
kd f tocFg&u
d ESihf oocFg&u
d jzpfaMumif; (2)yg;
1/ tm0go oyÜg,paom tpGr;f aMumifh ud, k pf wd f (2)yg; use;f rmcsr;f omjcif;?

2/ a&S;b0u 'geponfwu Ykd kd jyKvyk cf ahJ om tavhtx&Sjd cif;?
(þtaMumif; 2yg;wdkYESifh nDñGwfvQif tocFg&dujzpfí rnDñGwfvQif
oocFg&ud pdwjf zpfonf)
rdrd\ tusdK;udkjzpfap? wpfyg;ol\ tusdK;udkjzpfap xdcdkufepfemapaom
um,uHç 0pDuçH raemuH tvky[ f o l rQwo Ykd nf tukov kd rf aumif;rI tvkyrf sm;
jzpfonf/
GH
36
a
EF
rdrdESifholwpfyg;wdkYtm; aumif;usdK;jyKaom tvkyf[lorQwdkYonf ]temuif;vpfç tjypf

uif;uGm ç tvdrm® ESichf sr;f omaumif;usKd ;}udk ay;aomukov kd f tvkyrf sm;jzpfonf/ ukov kd t f vkyrf sm;
udk r[mukodkvfpdwfrsm;jzifh aqmif&Gufaomtcg r[mukodkvfpdwf (8)yg;wGif rnfonfh pdwfjzpf
aMumif;udk pdppfo&d &dS ef vdt k yfonf/
1/ tbd"r®mÓPfynmudk jrifcgcP Mum;cgrQEiS hf 'd;k uJo h aYkd rT tm*Hak Murnfh tusKd ;odjrifÓPfEiS hf
,SOíf rdro d '¨gtavsmuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om tbd"r®m ynmjyefyY mG ;a&;twGuf tvSL'gejyKae
ol oEÅmefü rnfonfph w d jf zpfay:aeaMumif; pdppfEikd \ f /
* aumif;rIEiS q hf ikd af om vkyif ef;rsm;jzpfojzifh 'ge&Si\ f oEÅmefü r[mukov kd pf w
d rf sm;
jzpfay: vdrrhf nf/
* 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfaeí ]aomreó o[*kwpf w d f }jzpf\/
* tusKd ;odjrif? ÓPfEiS , hf OS íf vSLygojzifh ]ÓPorÜ,w k pf wd }f jzpf\/
* rdro d '¨gtavsmuf ukov kd jf yKjcif;jzpfí ]tocFg&u d }pdwjf zpf\/
xdaYk Mumifh xd'k ge&Si\ f oEÅmefwGif ]aomreó o[*kwÓ f P orÜ,w k f tocFg&u d
pdw}f jzpfaeonf[k od&EdS ikd yf gonf/
xdek nf;twluseaf om r[mukov kd pf w
d rf sm;udv k nf; pdppfEikd yf gonf/
2/ tjrwfceG af y;aqmif&onfh tusKd ;w&m;udk odygaomfvnf; apwemrxufoef ESajrmwGew Yf kd
ygvsuf 0rf;om&Tifvef;'gecef;ü vSL'gef;aeol xdkBuD;yGm;aeol oEÅmefü ]aomreó
o[*kwf ÓPorÜ,w k f oocFg&u d pdw}f jzpfaeygonf/
3/ rdcifu qGr;f cHbek ;f Bu;D tm; qGr;f avmif;aeonfukd twk,íl Munfom&Tijf y &uf&ufa&ma&m
qGr;f avmif;aeonfh uav;i,f\ oEÅmefü ]aomreóo[*kwf ÓP0dy, Ü w k f tocFg&d
updw}f jzpfaeonf/
4/ tav;rrlÓPfrulbJ oli,fcsif;qGJac:í vkdufvm&NyD; bk&m;&ifjyifawmfay:ü &Tif&Tifysys
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfaeol vSysdKjzLoEÅmefü ]aomreó[*kPf ÓP0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&dupdwf}
jzpfaeonf/
5/ trsm;aumif;usdK;udk &nfrSef;í pdwftm;xufoefpGm wnfwnfNidrfNidrf vrf;wHwm;wnf
aqmuf&mü vkyt f m;ay;aeol oEÅmefü ]Oayu©mo[*kwf ÓPorÜ,w k f tocFg&u d pdw}f
jzpfaeonf/
6/ tusdK;odjrif? ÓPfESihf,SOfí 'gejyKaomfvnf; apwemxufxufoefoef r&SdbJ rvTJomí
'gejyK &ol oEÅmefü ]Oayu©mo[*kwf ÓPorÜ,w k f oocFg&u d pdw}f jzpfae\/
7/ tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f tusKd ;odjrif ÓPfEiS , fh OS &f rSe;f rodaomfvnf; avmu0wfjzifh olwpf
yg;udk twk,lí pdwftm;xufoefpGm wnfMunfNidrfoufpGmjzifh ay;vSLaeol oEÅmefü
]Oayu©m o[*kwf ÓP0dy, Ü w k f tocFg&u d pdw}f jzpfaeonf/
8/ tav;rrl ÓPfrulbJ oli,fcsi;f qGGJac :í vdu k v f m&Ny;D tvSLyGJü 0wfauswef;aus a0,sm
0pö jyKvkyfaeol vSysdKjzLoEÅmefü ]Oayu©mo[*kwf ÓP0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&dupdwf} jzpfae
onf/
GH
a
EF
k
k
usifhpOf
ukov kd jf zpfjcif;taMumif;&if;
1/ ESv;kH oGi;f oabmxm; vdrm® ,Ofaus;jcif; ]a,medaom reodum&}onf ukov kd jf zpfjcif;\
taMumif;t&if;jzpfonf/
tm½Hkwpfckudk jrifawGU&mü ESvHk;oGif;oabmxm;aumif;olonf ]a,medaomreodum&}
&SdaomaMumifhukodkvfjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGmxdktm½Hkü ESvHk;oGif; oabmxm;raumif;ol
onf ]ta,medaomreodum&} jzpfjcif;aMumifh tukov kd jf zpfonf/
2/ aumif;rIjyKrI tpkpwk Gif pdwaf pwem xufoefpGm (tocFg&u d )pdwjf zifh jyKMu&rnf/
k
k
r[m0dygupf w
d f (8)yg;wd\
Yk oabmt"dyÜm,f&iS ;f vif;csuf
uHaMumifh&ifhusufí jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;w&m;pdwfrsm;udk ]0dyguf}pdwf[kac: qdkonf/
a&S;a&S; b0u r[mukodkvfpdwf (8)yg;jzifh ukodkvfjyKcJhonf&Sdaomf umrok*wd (7)bHkwGif wlnD
tusKd ; 0dygupf w
d rf sm;jzifh y#doaEäeMu&onf/
r[m0dygufpdwf (8)yg;wdkYonf r[mukodkvfpdwf (8)yg;wdkY\ tusdK;pdwfrsm;jzpfMuojzifh
trnftac:ESifh oauFw trSwftom;wdkYrSm wlnDonf/ tqHk;owfed*Hk;üom ]r[m0dygufpdwf}
[kac:q&kd efomjzpfonf/
r[m0dygupf w d f (8)yg;wdoYk nf b0opfwpfcük yxrOD;qH;k jzpfaom ]y#doaE¨pw
d }f jzpfonf/
y0wåtd cg b0ifpw d tf rnfjzifvh nf;aumif;? w'g½t
kH rnfjzifh vnf;aumif; jzpfay:onf/ aoaom
umvwGif ]pkwpd w d }f emrnf&onf/
k
k
r[mukov
kd pf w
d Ef iS hf r[m0dygupf w
d w
f Ykd tcsKyu
f jJG ym;yHk
b0opfrsm;&Sdaejcif;onf taMumif;ukodkvfrsm;jzpfaejcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ r[mukodkvf
pdwf csKyfysufoGm;aomtcg tusdK;0dygufudkjzpfaprnfh (Oó[ = tm;xkwfjcif;) owådoabm
w&m;udk csex f m;ícsKyyf suo f nf/ r[m0dygupf w
d w
f o
Ykd nf ukov
kd pf w
d w
f \
Ykd tusKd ;omjzpfí ukov
kd f
pdwfuJhodkY aemufxyfwpfzef tusdK;ay;Edkifaom owådrsdK;aph r&SdaomaMumifh ]Oó[owåd}udk
rcsexf m;Edik b
f J csKyNf ird ;f Muonf/
k
k
y#doaE¨0yd gupf w
d cf si;f uGjJ ym;í yk*Kd¾ vcf si;f uGjJ ym;yHk
r[mukov kd pf w
d f (8)yg;onf umrok*wd (7)bHo k Ykd a&mufapaom uHjzpfonf/ jyKvyk af om
apwemuH uGJjym;í 0dygut f usKd ;pdwf (y#doaE¨pw d )f wdo Yk nfvnf; uGJjym;oGm;onf/
1/ r[m0dygufpdwfrsm;rS ÓPorÜ,kwf 0dygufpdwf (4)yg;ESifh y#doaE¨wnfMuolrsm;onf
arG;&myg ÓPfygaomaMumifh ]wd[w d yf *k Kd¾ v}f jzpfMu&onf/
GH
38
a
EF
yg&rDjynfíh BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwv f Qif xdb k 0rSmyif psmef çr*fzv kd &f Edik o f nf/ umvça'oç ya,m*
udk oH;k oyfEikd íf csichf sichf sed cf sed f vkyEf ikd af om pGr;f &nf&o dS nf/ usr;f *efwwfí usr;f n§w d wfonf/
ynmrwwfaomfvnf; wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyf rif;vkyEf ikd o f nf/
2/ ÓP0dy, Ü wk f (4)yg;ESihf y#doaE¨wnfMuolrsm;onf ]'G[ d w d yf *k Kd¾ vrf sm;} jzpfMuonf/ arG;&myg
y#doaE¨ÓPfenf;í yg&*lbGJU&Edkifaomfvnf; ]tarrSmwJh qefwpfcGJ oHk;pdwfESifhrvJ} wwf
onfholrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkb0wGif bm0emyGm;rsm;aomfvnf; psmefç r*fç zdkvfr&Edkifyg/
yg&rDrQom &Edik o f nf/
3/ ukov kd jf yK&mwGif ÓPfrygonft h jyif xdu k ok vkd \
f a&SaU emufwiG f tukov kd Nf c&H yH gu ]'G[
d w
d f
Moruukov kd rf sKd ; }om&onf/ xdu k o k v
kd uf y#doaE¨0yd gut f usKd ;udk ay;aom tcg vlpOfrrSçD
tvGeq f if;&J ç t*FgrpkH xdik ;f rIid ;f zsi;f t çonfo h rl sm;jzpfí vljzpf&usKd ;reyf/ xdb k 0wGif psmefç r*fç
zdv
k rf &aomaMumifh epfemvSonf/
k
k
jrwfpmG bk&m;avmif; y#doaE¨wnfaom 0dygupf w

d f
jrwfpGmbk&m;avmif;onf r[m0dygufpdwf (8)yg;teuf yxrpdwfjzpfaom ]aomreó

o[*kwf ÓPorÜ,w k f tocFg&u
d } r[m0dygupf w
d Ef iS hf y#doaE¨wnfygonf/
k
k
usifhpOf
(o'doH = wlaom? yguH = tusdK;0dygufudk Zaewd = jzpfap\/)

wlaomtusKd ;udk ay;onfqo kd nfrmS ukov kd jf yKvQif ukov kd t
f usKd ;ç tukov kd jf yKvQif tuk
odv
k t
f usKd ;jzpfonf/ tcsOof ;D pdu
k v
f Qif tcsOof ;D &í tcsKd yifpu fkd v
f Qif tcsKd o;D &aom ADZed,mruJo h Ykd
pdwåed,mrç ur®ed,mrt& aumif;aomtvkyfudkvkyfvQif aumif;usdK;ay;í? raumif;aom
tvkyu f kd vkyv
f Qif raumif;usKd ;ay;onfukd od&EdS ikd yf gonf/
þuJhodkY tukodkvfuH ç tukodkvftusdK;ç ukodkvfuH ukodkvftusdK;udk em;vnfoabm
ayguyf gvQif ur®óuwmor®m'd|jd zpfí uHç uH\tusKd ;udk trSejf rifwwfvmrnfjzpf onf/
k
k
r[mBu,
d mpdwf (8)yg; oabmt"dyÜg,Ef iS hf &Si;f vif;csuf
Bud,mpdwfqdkonfrSm tusdK;rjzpfxGef;aom jyKumrwåpdwfjzpfonf/ jyKxdkufí jyKjcif;rQ

omjzpfonf/
GH
a
EF
k
k
Bu,
d mpdwf (2)rsKd ;
1/ udpEö iS rhf v
l tajccHtm;enf;í jzpf&aom Bu,
d mpdwrf sKd ;
tm0ZÆe;f a'G (2)yg;
(u) yOö'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf (1)yg;
(c) raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf (1)yg;
2/ tEko,a&aomufjrpfuif;jywfí jzpf&aomBu, d mpdwrf sKd ;
tm0ZÆe;f a'GMuOfaom Bu, d mpdwf (18)yg;
(u) [odwyk gÜ 'pf w
d f 1 yg;
(c) r[mBu, d mpdwf 8 yg;
(*) r[*¾KwBf u, d mpdwf 9 yg;
aygif; 18 yg;
k
k
r[mBu,
d mpdwf (8)yg;
r[mBu, d mpdwof nf bk&m;ç&[EÅm t&Sio f jl rwfwYkd oEÅmefü jzpfay:aom pdwrf sm;jzpfonf/

tukodkvfuHonf 'k*¾wd oHo&mudkvnfapNyD; avmuDukodkvfuHonf ok*wdoHo&mudk
vnfaponf/ xdaYk Mumifh (ukovH Z[H)ukov kd uf v fkd nf; y,fpeG &Yf \/ (tukovH Z[H ) tukov kd u
f kd
vnf; y,fpGe&Yf \/ tukov kd çf ukovkd f (2)yg;pHu k kd y,fowfEikd rf u S mrç ½lyç t½ly [laom b0oH;k yg;rS
vGwaf jrmufEikd rf nfjzpfonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &[EÅmt&SifoljrwfwdkYonf avmuDukodkvfuHç tukodkvfuH (2)yg;pHkudk
t&[wår*fÓPfjzifh t<uif;rJh y,fowfawmfrNl y;D jzpfonft h wGuf oHo&mpuf,EÅ&m; &yfoGm;\/
(31)bHkrS vGwfajrmufoGm;\/ uHtjzpfudkÓPf"m;oefvsufjzifh jzwfNyD;í b0opfrsm;vnf; rjzpf
awmhay/
xdkYaMumifh avmukwå&mpdwfwnf;[laom r*fç zdkvfpdwfrsm;&&SdNyD;rSomvQif ]r[mBud,m
pdw}f jzpfEikd af yonf/
bk&m; &[EÅm yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf tukodkvfudk vHk;0rjyKawmh? w&m;a[mjcif;? arwåmyGm;jcif;
ponfh ukov kd af umif;rIukd jyKawmfrMl u\/ od&Yk mwGif xdyk *k Kd¾ vw f Ykd oEÅmef0,f ukov kd jf yKaom pdwof nf
tusKd ;ay;p&mr&Sad wmhojzifh ]ukov kd pf w d f }[lí rac:qakd wmhbJ taMumif;tusKd ;vGwaf om (0g)
Oó[ owåcd seíf rxm;aom ukov kd rf sKd ;jzpfí ]Bu, d mpdw}f [lí ac:qykd g onf/
r[mBud,mpdwfonf ykxkZOfç aomwmyefç ou'g*grf ESifh tem*grfyk*¾dKvfrsm;wGif rjzpfEdkif?
bk&m;ç &[EÅmrsm;üomjzpfEikd af om pdwrf sm;jzpfonf/
.........................m h n........................
GH
40
a
EF
k
k
½lyg0p&pdwf - 15 yg;
(½lyg0p& = ½ly = ½lyjA[®mbHw

k üYkd + t0p& = ouf0ifíjzpfaompdw)f
½lyg0p&pdwfqdkonfrSm tonowfMuOfaom ½ly-15bHkürsm;aomtm;jzifh jzpfwwfaom
pdwrf sm;jzpfonf/
psmeft*Fg\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh uGJjym;aom pdwfrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh ]psmeab'pdwf}[lívnf;
ac:qkd onf/
orx ur®|mef;bm0em yGm;rsm;usiBhf ut H m;xkwv
f Qif psmefpw
d rf sm;&Edik af omaMumifh vlb
U ükH
vnf; jzpfEikd o
f nf/
½lyg0p&pdwf (15)yg;udk (3)rsKd ;cGJjcm;Edik o
f nf/
(u) ½lyg0p&ukov kd pf w
d f (5)yg;
(c) ½lyg0p& 0dygupf w d f (5)yg;
(*) ½lyg0p& Bu, d mpdwf (5)yg;
½lyg0p&pdwf - 15 yg;udk oauFwjzifh jyyHk
½lyukodkvfpdwf - 5 yg; ½ly0dygufpdwf - 5 yg; ½lyBud,mpdwf - 5 yg;

y + + +
'k + + +
w + + +
p + + +
yÍö − − −
½lyg0p&pdwf (15)yg;wdw Yk iG f yç 'kç wç p psmefpw
d rf sm;ü aomreó a0'em (+)wdjYk zifh ,SOo f nf
udk awGU&ygrnf/ qdk½dk;wGif ]aomreó o[*kwf}[lí qdk&rnfr[kwfyg/ psmeft*Fg (5)yg; wdkYjzifh
qd&k mwGif ]yDw?d okc} psmeft*Fg (2)yg;ygaom yxrpsmefrS pwkwp¬ smefxd ½lypsmefpw d f (12) yg;wdo Yk nf
]aomreó}a0'emESihf ,SOo f nf[k rSwo f m;&efjzpfygonf/
rSwcf suf / / o½kycf GJ&mwGif aomreó o[*kwEf iS hf okco[*kwu f kd twlw[l k rSw, f &l rnf/
okco[*kwpf w d af ygi;f (12)yg;&Sod nf/
GH
a
EF
½ly g0p&pdw f - 15 yg; qdk½ dk;

y 0dw uf? 0dp m&? yDw d? okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 5yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom yxrpsmef uko dkv fpdw f 1yg;
½lyukodkvfpdwf (5)yg;
'k - 0dpm&? yDwd? okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 4yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom 'kwd, psmef uko dkv fpdw f 1yg;
w --yDw d? okc?{u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 3yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom wwd, psmef uko dkv fpdw f 1yg;
p --- okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 2yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom pwkw ¬p smef uko dkv fpdw f 1yg;
yÍö ---Oayu©m? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 2yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom yÍör psmef uko dkv fpdw f 1yg;
y 0dw uf? 0dp m&? yDw d? okc? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 5yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom yxrpsmef 0dy gufpdw f1 yg;
½ly0dygufpdwf (5)yg;
'k - 0dpm&? yDwd? okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 4yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom 'kwd, psmef 0dy gufpdw f1 yg;
w --yDw d? okc?{u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 3yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom wwd, psmef 0dy gufpdw f1 yg;
p --- okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 2yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom pwkw ¬p smef 0dy gufpdw f1 yg;
yÍö ---Oayu©m? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 2yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom yÍör psmef 0dy gufpdw f1 yg;
y 0dw uf? 0dp m&? yDw d? okc? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 5yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom yxrpsmef Bud,mpdw f1 yg;
½lyBud,mpdwf (5)yg;
'k - 0dpm&? yDwd? okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 4yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom 'kwd, psmef Bud,mpdw f1 yg;
w --yDw d? okc?{u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 3yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom wwd, psmef Bud,mpdw f1 yg;
p --- okc ? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 2yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom pwkw ¬p smef Bud,mpdw f1 yg;
yÍö ---Oayu©m? {u*¾w m psmeft *Fg 2yg;ESi fhw uGjzpfaom yÍör psmef Bud,mpdw f1 yg;
½lyg0p&pdwf (15)yg;wd\
Yk oabmt"dyÜ,Ef iS hf &Si;f vif;csuf
k
k
(u) ½lyg0p& ukov kd pf w

d f (5)yg;
½lyukovkd pf w
d q
f o
kd nfrmS ½lypsmef&&Sad om ykxZk OfEiS hf aou©y*k K¾d vw
f jYdk yKaom ½lypsmefuo
k v
kd f
pdwrf sm;jzpfonf/
psmef
1/ ]pdu k pf u
kd pf ;l pl;ç txl;NrJNrHç ½Itm;oefç psmef[ak c:owwf} [k v,fwq D &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D
zGiq
hf okd nft h wdik ;f psmef&atmif orxbm0emudk tm;xkwaf om a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vo f nf orxur®|mef;
tm½Hw k pfyg;yg;ay:ü aphom;udu k íf NcKd uNf cKd uNf rKd uNf rKd uf ouf0ifwefeY m;aeaompdwuf kd psmefpw
d [
f k
ac:onf/
2/ ]qefYusifbuf eD0&P (tukodkvf)w&m;wdkYudk ½IdU Nrd§KufavmifuRrf;apwwfaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif; psmef[k ac:qdkonf/ orxur®|mef;pD;jzef;aom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf ½lyukodkvfpsmef
(5)yg;wdu Yk kd tqifq h if&h &SEd ikd o
f nf/
GH
42
a
EF
0if½;kd ? vSn;f bD;ç xrf;yd;k ponfh wpfcck si;f ypön;f rsm;udk vSn;f \ t*Fgtpdwt f ydik ;f [k ac:qNkd y;D
xkvd n
S ;f \ t*Fgrsm; tpktaygi;f udk ]vSn;f }[kac:q\ kd / vufç ajcç em;ç OD;acgi;f paom ud, k \
f tpdwf
tydkif;udk ]udk,ft*Fg}[kac:qdkNyD; xkdt*Fgtaygif;tpkwdkYudk ]udk,f}[kac:qdkonf/ xdkenf;twl
]0dwufç 0dpm&ç yDwdç okcç {u*¾wm}[laom apwodufwpfyg;csif;pDudk ]psmeft*Fg} [k
ac:qo kd nf/
psmeft*Fg (5)yg;
1/ 0dwuf
½IMunfph w
d u
f kd tm½Ho
k wYkd ifay;jcif;oabm
avmbç a'goç arm[ wdEYk iS hf pyfqidk af om tukov kd t
f m½Hrk sm;udk rBupH nf rawG;awmEdik &f ef
ur®|mef;tm½Hak y:oYkd pdwaf &muf&ef wifay;aeaom oabmonf ]0dwuf}jzpfonf/
2/ 0dpm&
½IMunfph w
d o
f nf tm½Hu
k kd oH;k oyfaejcif;oabm
0dwufwifay;aom ur®|mef;tm½Hkudk tzefzeftxyfxyf oHk;oyfaeaom oabmonf
]0dpm&} jzpf\/
3/ yDwd
ur®|mef;tm½Hkudk tzefzef txyfxyfoHk;oyfaevQif tukodkvfpdwf Mum;r0ifawmhojzifh
ur®|mef;tm½Htk ay:ü auseyfEpS o f ufaeaom oabmonf ]yDw}d jzpf\/
4/ okc
ud,k pf w
d cf sr;f omaejcif;oabm
ur®|mef;tm½Hkay:ü ESpfoufaom yDwdpdwfjzpfaevQif tukodkvfpdwfrsm; uif;a0;aeaom
aMumifh um,okc ud, k cf sr;f omjzpfNy;D ur®|mef;tm½Hjk zifh csr;f omarGaU vsmaf ejcif;oabmonf ]okc}
jzpfonf/
5/ {u*¾wm
½IMunfph wd of nf ur®|mef;tm½Hak y:ü pl;pl;pdu k pf ukd f pGJpGJNrJNrJwnfwahH ejcif;oabm/
ur®|mef;tm½Hkudk auseyfESpfoufvQuf udk,fpdwfESpfyg; csrf;omNyD; ur®|mef;tm½Hkay:ü
tcsed Mf umMum ½IrwS pf wd f wnfwphH GJNrJaejcif;onf {u*¾wm (orm"d)jzpfonf/
GH
a
EF
Oayu©mudk psmeft*Fgwpfct
k jzpf ra&wGuyf kH
Oayu©monf Nird o f ufjcif; oabm&Sod nf okcESihf oabmcsi;f wlaomaMumifh psmeft*Fgwpfck
taejzifh ra&wGu&f jcif;jzpfonf/
psmefEiS hf psmefpw
d f
0dwufukd acgi;f aqmifwifí psmeft*Fg (5)yg;udk tzefwpfvJvJ ½IyGm;aom ½IMunfph w d o f nf
ur®|mef;tm½Hkay:ü a,m*D\ pdwfBudKuftcsdefMumjrifhpGm wnfwHhaejcif;oabmudkyif ]psmef&
onf}[k ac:qo kd nf/ xkaYd Mumifh 0dwufç 0dpm& paom psmeft*Fgw\ Ykd taygi;f udk ]psmef} [k ac:qo kd nf/
1/ 0dwufç 0dpm&ç yDwçd okcç {u*¾wm psmeft*Fg (5)yg; taygi;f tpkukd yxrpsmef/
2/ 0dpm&ç yDwd okcç {u*¾wm psmeft*Fg (4)yg; taygi;f tpkukd 'kw, d psmef/
3/ yDwçd okcç {u*¾wmpsmeft*Fg (3)yg; taygi;f tpkukd wwd,psmef/
4/ okcç {u*¾wmpsmef t*Fg(2)yg; taygi;f tpkukd pwkwp¬ smef/
5/ Oayu©mç {u*¾wmpsmeft*Fg (2)yg; taygi;f tpkukd yÍörpsmef [k ac:qo kd nf/
tqdyk g yxrpsmefEiS hf ,SOaf ompdwu f kd yxrpsmef? 'kw,
d psmefEiS hf ,SOaf om pdwu f kd 'kw,d psmef
pojzifh ac:qkd onf/ pl;pdu k of rI? tm½Hjk yKawmif;? w&m;aygi;f udk psmefac:qb kd /d
yxrpsmef
0dwufç 0dpm&ç yDwçd okcç {u*¾wmç psmeft*Fg (5)yg;ESiw hf uG jzpfaom yxrpsmef ukov kd pf w d }f
[k ac:qo kd nf/
'kw, d psmef
]0dpm&ç yDwçd okcç {u*¾wmç psmeft*Fg (4)yg;ESiw hf uG jzpfaom 'kw, d psmef ukov kd pf w d }f [k
ac:qkd onf/
wwd,psmef
]yDwçd okcç {u*¾wmç psmeft*Fg (3)yg;ESiw hf uG jzpfaom wwd,psmefuo k v kd pf w
d }f [k ac:qkd
onf/
pwkwp¬ smef
]okcç {u*¾wmç psmeft*Fg (2)yg;ESiwhf uG jzpfaom pwkwp¬ smef ukov kd pf w d }f [k ac:qo kd nf/
yÍörpsmef
]Oayu©m? {u*¾wm psmeft*Fg (2)yg;ESiw hf uGjzpfaom yÍörpsmefuo k v kd pf w d }f [k ac:qo kd nf/
GH
44
a
EF
psmef0ifpm;jcif;
tjcm;Mum;pdwrf sm; vH;k 00ifrvmawmhbJ ur®|mef; tm½Hak y:ü ½Irw S pf w d u f kd pdwBf uKd ut
f csed Mf um
Mumxm;Edik Nf y;D psmefpw d rf sm; qufwu kd jf zpfaejcif;udk psmef0ifpm;onf[k ac:qo kd nf/
psmef&&Sdaom psmevmbD yk*¾dKvfonf psmef0ifpm;aecdkuf ½lyg0p&psmefpdwfrsm;jzpfae\/ psmef
r0ifpm;aomtcg r[mukov kd pf w
d rf sm;tjzpfrsm;aewwfonf/
psmevmbD yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf tukov kd w
f &m;rsm;udk 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh tcsed Mf umMum y,fcmG xm;
EdkifMuonf/ orxur®|mef;tm½Hkwpfckay:ü ½IMunfhaeaom pdwfonf pGJpGJNrJNrJuyfaeaomtcg
umr*kPt f m½Hwk u Ykd v
kd ckd siaf om]avmb}?rausreyfaom]a'go}?ai;armawGa0wwfonf]h arm[}
ponfh tukov kd f eD0&Pw&m;rsm; uif;uGmaeonf/ eD0&Pw&m; (5)yg;wdo Yk nf psmeftp&Sad om
ukov kd w
f &m;rsm;udk wm;jrpfyw d yf ifwwfaom w&m;jzpfonf/
psmeif toD;oD;wdu
Yk y,faom eD0&Prsm;
pOf eD0&P - 5yg; w&m;udk,f psmeft*Fg 5yg; y,faom eD0&Prsm;
1/ umrpäEéD0&P avmb 1/ 0dwuf xdeç rd'üdk y,fonf/
2/ Asmyg'eD0&P a'go 2/ 0dpm& 0dpdudpämudk y,fonf/
3/ xde? rd'ëD0&P xde? rd'¨ 3/ yDwd Asmyg'udk y,fonf/

4/ O'¨pöç ukuúKpöeD0&P O'¨pö? 4/ okc O'¨pö? ukuúKpöudk y,fonf/
ukuúKpö 5/ Oayu©m O'¨pö? ukuúKpöudk y,fonf/

5/ 0dpdudpämeD0&P 0dpdudpäm 6/ {u*¾wm umrpäEúdk y,fonf/
ur®|mef;tm½Hak y:ü pl;pku

d af eaom {u*¾wmonf oufqikd &f m eD0&P w&m;rsm;udk ur®|mef;zdk
cGiw
f iG f rD;wifí ½IUd NrKd§ uv
f u
kd o
f uJo
h Ykd qefu
Y sib
f uf tukov
kd f eD0&Pw&m;rsm;udk ½dUI NrKd§ uaf vmifuRr;f
apwwfaomaMumifv
h nf; (psme = psmef)[lí ac:qo
kd nf/
xdaYk Mumifh ]uodP
k ;f paom tm½Hu
k kd pdu
k pf u
kd pf ;l pl; uyfí ½IwwfaomaMumifv
h nf;aumif;?}
]qefu
Y sib
f uf eD0&Pw&m;rsm;udk ½dUI NrKd uaf vmifuRr;f y,fcmG wwfaomaMumifv
h nf;aumif;} psmef[k
ac:qo
kd nf/
GH
a
EF
k
k
(c) ½lyg0p& 0dygupf w d f (5)yg;
xdkpdwfrsm;onf ½lyg0p& ukodkvfpsmefpdwfrsm;aMumifhjzpfay:vmaom tusdK;pdwfrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ rSeüf xifvmaom yH&k yd o f nf rSeMf unfo h El iS hf wpfxyfwnf; wlno D uJo h Ykd tmEkabmfBu;D rm;aom
½lyukov kd t
f aMumif; pdwEf iS hf ½ly0dyguf tusKd ;pdww f o Ykd nf wpfxyfwnf;wlnMD uonf/
½lyukov kd pf w
d \
f tusKd ;0dyguo f nf {uEÅ tvGew f ud s rSeuf efonf/ xk0d yd gupf w d f (5)yg;wk\
Yd
tusKd ;ay;jzpf&m Xmeum; (tonowfMuOf)½lyjA[®m(15)bHük Oyygwf y#doaE¨tusKd ;udk ay;ojzifh
y#doaE¨ç b0ifç pkwd pdwt f jzpfjzifjh zpfonf/ psmefcsr;f omudk urÇmESichf síD Mum&Snaf v;jrifph mG cHpm;&
onf/ vljY ynfç ewfjynf paom umr (11)bHük xd0k yd gupf w d rf sm; rjzpfEikd Mf u/
tusKd ;ay;&m bHXk meESihf 0dygupf w

d jf zpfykH
(1) yxrpsmef 0dygupf w d f
yxrpsmef 0dygupf w
d o
f nf yxrpsmef (3)bHük jzpfaom jA[®mBu;D rsm;\ y#doaEäeaom pdwf
tjzpf tusKd ;ay;\/ y0wåt
d cg b0ifpw
d ?f pkwad omtcg pkwpd w
d jf zpfonf/
(2) 'kw,
d psmef 0dyguEf iS hf wwd,psmef0yd guf pdw(f 2)yg;
xd0k yd gupf w
d f (2)yg;wdo
Yk nf 'kw, d psmef 3bHük jzpfaom jA[®mBu;D rsm;\ y#doaEäeaom pdwf
tjzpftusKd ;ay;\/ y0wåt d cg b0ifpw d çf pkwad omtcg pkwpd w d jf zpf\/
(3) pwkwp¬ smef 0dygupf w
d f
pwkwp¬ smef 0dygupf w
d o
f nf wwd,psmef (3)bHük jzpfaom jA[®mBu;D rsm;\ y#doaEäeaom
pdwt
f jzpf tusKd ;ay;onf/ y0wåt d cg b0ifpw
d çf pkwad omtcg pkwpd w
d jf zpf\/
(4) yÍörpsmef0yd gupf w d f
yÍörpsmef 0dygupf wd of nf pwkwp¬ smef 6 bHük jA[®mBu;D rsm;\ y#doaE¨pw
d çf y0wåt
d cg b0ifpw
d çf
pkwad omtcg pkwpd w d jf zpf\/
k
k
(*) ½lyg0p& Bu,

d mpdwf 5 yg;
½lyg0p& Bu, d mpdwq f o
kd nfrmS ½lyg0p&psmef&&SMd uonfh bk&m;ç &[EÅmt&Sio
f jl rwfw\
Ykd oEÅmefü
jzpfaom psmefpw
d rf sm;jzpfonf/
.........................m h n........................
GH
46
a
EF
ojkljkljkljkljkl
o
3/ t½lyg0p&pdwf 12 yg;
jkljkljkljkljkl
o o
(t½lyg0p&pdwf = t½ly = t½lybHük + t0p& = ouf0ifíjzpfaom + pdwå = pdw/f )
t½lyg0p&pdwq f o kd nfrmS ½kyrf &Sad om t½ly (4)bHük rsm;aomtm;jzifh jzpfwwfaom pdwrf sm;
jzpfonf/
umrbHçk ½lybHw k üYkd vnf; xkpd smefukd usiBhf ut
H m;xkwyf gvQif &Edik af omaMumifh umrbHçk ½lybHwk Ykd
üvnf; jzpfonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh tm&r®Pab'pdw[ f v
k nf; ac:qo kd nf/
tm½Hk (4)rsKd ; uGjJ ym;aomaMumifh t½lyg0p&pdwf (4)rsKd ; uGjJ ym;Ny;D xyfríH ukov kd çf 0dyguçf Bu,
d m
[lí uGjJ ym;aomaMumifh (12)yg;&So d nf/
(u) t½lyg0p& ukov kd pf wd f ( 4 ) yg;
(c) t½lyg0p& 0dygupf w d f ( 4 ) yg;
(*) t½lyg0p& Bu, d mpdwf ( 4 ) yg;
t½lyg0p& (12) yg;udk oauFwjzifjh yjcif;
t½lyukokdvfpdwf - 4 yg; t½ly0dygufpdwf 4 yg; t½lyBud,mpdwf 4 yg;

yxrm½kyÜ -
'kwd,m½kyÜ -
wwd,m½kyÜ -
pwkw¬m½kyÜ -
t½lyg0p& psmefpw d rf sm;onf yÍörpsmef pdwrf sm;&&SNd y;D rSomvQif usiBhf utH m;xkwíf &&SEd ikd o
f nf/
½lyg0p& psmefpw d o
f nf psmeft*FgujJG ym;aomaMumifh psmefpw d rf sm;uGjJ ym;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ t½lypsmefpw d f
wkdYonf psmeft*Fgtm;jzifh (Oayu©m? {u*¾wm) [lí (2)yg;om&SdNyD; atmufatmufpsmef\ tm½Hkudk
vGeaf jrmufNy;D tm½Hu k jJG ym;aomaMumifh psmefpwd u f jJG ym;oGm;onf/
xdaYk Mumifh t½lyg0p&pdwf (12)yg;onf psmeft*Fgtm;jzifh yÍörpsmefEiS hf wlnaD omaMumifh o½kycf JG
vQif yÍörpsmefü xnfo h iG ;f a&wGu&f onf/ oauFwtm;jzifv h nf; ( ) Oayu©mjzifjh yNy;D yÍörpsmefEiS hf
wlnyD gonf/
GH
47
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
EF
t½lyg0p& pdwf (12)yg;wd\

Yk oabmt"dyÜm,fEiS hf &Si;f vif;csuf
½lyg0p& yÍörpsmefukd &&Síd aumif;pGmEdik ef if;atmif avhusiNhf y;D aom psmevmbDy*k Kd¾ vo f nf ½kyu f kd
pufqyk íf ynwftm½Hçk emrftm½Hw k u
Ykd kd tm½Hek rd w
d ,
f Nl y;D tm;xkwíf &aom psmefukd ]t½lypsmef}[k ac:qkd
onf/
t½lypsmefrsm;udk omoemyü ½kyfw&m;wkdY\ e,fedrdwfrS vGefajrmuf&ef tm;xkwfMu\/
omoemawmftwGi;f üum; ½lypsmefrsm;xuf orm"dtm;aumif;ojzifh yuwdrwkerf vIycf ikd v f aS om
aMumifh tbdnmOfç 0dyóemwd\ Yk tajccHaumif; tjzpfvnf;aumif;? tem*grçf &[EÅm oljrwfwo Ykd nf
eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;jcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? yGm;rsm;tm;xkwaf vh&MdS uonf/ k
k
t½lyg0p& ukov
kd pf w
d f (4)yg;
t½lypsmef&&SMd uaom ykxZk OfEiS hf aou©y*k Kd¾ vwf \
Ykd oEÅmefü t½lypsmefrsm; jzpfay:aepOf ]t½ly
ukov kd f psmefpwd rf sm;jzpfymG ;aeonf}[k ac:qo kd nf/
½lypsmefrsm;udk ÓPfEo YkH rl sm;twGuf (5)yg;[k owfrw S \
f / ÓPfxuforl sm;twGuf 'kw, d
psmefEiS hf wwd,psmefuakd ygi;f Ny;D ]½lypsmefav;yg;}[k owfrw S o
f nf/ tqdyk g ½lypsmef (4)yg;ESihf t½lypsmef
(4)yg;taygi;f udk ]ormywf (8)yg;}[kvnf;aumif; ? ½lypsmef (5)yg;ESihf t½lypsmef(4)yg;udk ormywf (9)
yg;[kvnf;aumif; ac:qo kd nf/
xdok rmywf (8)yg; (9)yg;udk y0wåu d mvwGif &yH&k enf; (2)rsKd ;&So
d nf/ a&S;b0tqufqufu
ormywf (8)yg;udk &&Sad tmif tm;xkwcf MhJ uí qkawmif;cJMh uolrsm;onf ,ckb0wGif avmukw&å m
r*f&&So d nfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf avmuDpsmeformywfrsm;udk &&SMd uonf/ xdpk smefrsKd ;udk ]r*¾o'd pd¨ smef}[k
ac:qo kd nf/ orxw&m;udk pepfwus BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwrf aI Mumifh &&Sad om psmefukd ]orxmEka,m*y#dd
v'¨psmef}[k ac:qo kd nf/
k
k
tmumomeÍöm,weukov
kd pf w
d f
(tmumomeÍöm,we = tmumo = aumif;uif[if;vif; + teEÅ =

tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sad om + tm,we = wnf&m + pdwå = pdw)f
tmumomeÍöm,we pdwq f o
kd nfrmS ]tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sad om aumif;uifynwftm½Hak y:
ü wnfaeaom psmefpw
d }f jzpfonf/
GH
48
a
EF
xdpk smefpw
d o
f nf Oayu©mç {u*¾wm psmeft*Fg (2)yg;om&Sad omaMumifh Oayu©mç {u*¾wmpsmef
t*Fg (2)yg;ESiw
hf uGjzpfaom ]tmumomeÍöm,we ukov kd pf smefpw
d }f [k ac:qo
kd nf/
k
k
0dnmPÍöm,we ukov
kd pf w
d f
(0dnmPÍöm,we = 0dnmP = yxrm½kyÜ 0dnmPfjzpfaom tmumomeÍöm,wepdwf +

tmeÍö = tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sd = tm,we = wnf&m)
0dnmPÍöm,wepdwq f okd nfrmS tqH;k tydik ;f tjcm;r&Sad om yxr½ky0Ü Ó
d Pfpw
d u
f kd tm½Hjk yK
aom psmefpw
d [
f k t"dymÜ ,f&onf/
tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefpw d u
f kd tm½Hjk yKí ]Oayu©mç {u*¾wmpsmeft*Fg (2)yg;ESiwhf uGjzpf
aom 0dnmPÍöm,we ukov kd pf wd jf zpfay:onf/
k
k
tmudÍn
ö m,we ukov
kd pf w
d f
(tmudÍn
ö m,we = tmudÍn ö = e-udÍeö (ew¬d - udÍeö ) =tmumomeÍöm,we pdw[ f ak c:qakd om
yxrm ½ky0Ü n
d mPf (0g)vH;k 0t<uif;tuserf &Sjd cif; + tm,we = wnf&m)
]tmudÍn ö m,wepdw}f qdo k nfrmS yxr t½ly0dnmPfpw d \ f pd;k pOf;rQ t<uif;r&Sd (ew¬ad bm
ynwf)udk tm½Hjk yKaom psmefpw d \
f wnfae&m[k t"dymÜ ,f&onf/
'kw,d m½kypÜ smefukd ESpo f ufjcif; eduEÅu
d if;oGm;vQif ew¬ad bmynwftm½Hu k kd tm½Hjk yKí ]Oayu©mç
{u*¾wmpsmef t*Fg(2)yg;ESiw hf uGjzpfaom tmudÍn ö m,we ukov kd pf w
d }f jzpfay:onf/
k
k
ae0onmemonm,we ukov
kd pf w
d f
(ae0onmemonm ,we = ae0 + onm = onm&So d nfvnf;r[kwf + e + t +

onm = onmr&S[
d íl vnf; rqdEk ikd f + tm,we = wnf&m)
]ae0onmemonm,wepsmefpdwfonf onm[lí ajymEdkif½HkrQom&Sdí &SdrSef;yifrodom
avmufatmif tvGeo f rd af rGaU om pdw\ f wnf&m}[k t"dymÜ ,f&\/
t½lybHwk o Ykd nf ½kyrf &Sad om emrfoufouf 0dnmPfbjkH zpfí tvGeEf ;l nHo h rd af rG\
U / t½lypsmefwYkd
udk psmefav;qifjh zifh tqifq h ifu h siNfh y;D aomtcg aemufq;kH pwkwt¬ ½lypsmefpw
d of nf onm&S½d rkH Qom&Sd
í tvGeEf ;l nHo
h rd af rGaU om psmefpw d jf zpfonf/
GH
a
EF
k
k
t½lyg0p& 0dygupf w
d f (4)yg;
1/ ]tmumom eÍöm,we 0dygupf w d }f onf tmumomeÍöm,webHük jzpfaom t½lyjA[®mBu;D
wk\
Yd y#doaE¨pw d çf b0ifpw d çf pkwpd wd f jzpfonf/
2/ ]0dnmPÍöm,we 0dygufpdwf}onf 0dnmPÍöm,webHküjzpfaom t½lyjA[®mBuD;wdkY\
y#doaE¨pwd çf b0ifpw d çf pkwpd wd f jzpfonf/
3/ ]tmudÍönm,we 0dygufpdwf}onf tmudÍönm,webHküjzpfaom t½lyjA[®mBuD;wdkY\
y#doaE¨pw d çf b0ifpw d çf pkwpd wd f jzpfonf/
4/ ]ae0onmemonm,we0dyguf}pdwfonf ae0onmemonm,webHküjzpfaom
t½lyjA[®mBu;D wd\ Yk y#doaE¨ç b0ifç pkwpd w d jf zpfonf/ k
k
t½lyg0p& Bu,
d mpdwf (4) yg;
t½lyg0p& Bud,mpdwfonf psmedu&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwdkY\ oEÅmefüjzpfaompdwfjzpfonf/ t½ly
&[EÅm jA[®mBu;D rsm;&S&d m t½lybHw
k üYkd trsm;tm;jzifjh zpfNy;D t½lypsmefukd &&SMd uaom umrbHçk ½lybH&k dS
&[EÅm yk*Kd¾ vw
f \
Ykd oEÅmefüvnf;jzpfEikd yf gonf/
t½lypdwfESifh tm½HkwpJG yfjyyHk

1/ tmumomeÍöm,wepdwf aumif;uifynwftm½Hk
2/ 0dnmPÍöm,we pdwf yxrm ½kyÜ0dnmPftm½Hk
3/ tmudÍönm,wepdwf ew¬dabm ynwftm½Hk
4/ ae0onmemonm,wepdwf wwd,m½kyÜ0dnmPftm½Hk
.........................m h n........................
o
jkljkljkljkljkl o
4/ avmukw&å mpdwf
jkljkljkljkljkl
o o
(avmukw&å mpdwf = avmu = umrç ½lyç t½ly avmuoH;k yg;rS + Owå&m = vGwaf jrmufaom (0g)
jrifjh rwfaom + pdw)f
avmukw&å mpdwq f okd nfrmS umrç ½lyç t½ly[kqt kd yfaom avmuoH;k yg;rS vGwaf jrmufaom
pdwf (0g) avmu oH;k yg;xufomvGejf rifjh rwfaompdwjf zpfonf/
avmukwå&mqdkonfrSm r*fpdwfç zdkvfpdwfwdkY\ trnfemrjzpfonf/ avmukwå&mpdwfwdkYrSm
]0dyóem ,medu yk*Kd¾ v\ f tpGr;f jzifh (8)yg;? orx,medu yk*Kd¾ v\
f tpGr;f tm;jzifh tus,f (40)yg;
jzpfymG ;onf/
GH
50
a
EF
k
k avmukw&å mpdwt
f usO;f (8)yg;
r*fpw d f (4)yg;ESihf zdv
k pf w
d f (4)yg; aygi;f (8)yg;udk avmukw&å m pdwt
f usO;f (8)yg;[kac:qo
kd nf/
avmukw&å mpdwf (8)yg;udk tus,f (40)yGm;aomtcg aomreóç Oayu©mESpyf g;vH;k ü yg&dS
aomaMumifh avmukw&å mpdwt f usO;f (8)yg;onf aomreówGiv f nf;aumif;? Oayu©mwGiv f nf;
aumif; oGi;f ,l a&wGuEf ikd o f nf/
avmukwå&mpdwf tusOf; (8)yg;wdkY\ qdk½dk;

r*fpdwf 4 yg; zdkvfpdwf 4 yg;
1/ + ( − ) aomwmywådr*fpdwf 1 yg; aomwmywådzdkvfpdwf 1 yg;
2/ + ( − ) ou'g*grdr*fpdwf 1 yg; ou'g*grdzdkvfpdwf 1 yg;
3/ + ( − ) tem*grdr*fpdwf 1 yg; tem*grdzdkvfpdwf 1 yg;
4/ + ( − ) t&[wår*fpdwf 1 yg; t&[wåzdkvfpdwf 1 yg;
k
k
avmukw&å mpdwf tus,f (40)yg;

avmukw&å mpdwf tusO;f jzpfaom r*fpw d f 4 yg;ESihf zdv
k pf w
d f 4 yg;wdu
Yk dk psmefpw
d f (5)yg;pDjzifh
ajrm§ ufymG ;ygvQif r*fpw
d f tyg;(20)ESihf zdv
k pf w
d f tyg; (20)ç aygi;f avmukw&å mpdwf tus,f (40)yGm;rsm;
&&So
d nf/
r*fpdwf (20) yg; zdkvfpdwf (20) yg;

(u) aomwmywådr*fpdwf 5 yg; (u) aomwmywådzdkvfpdwf 5 yg;
(c) ou'g*grdr*fpdwf 5 yg; (c) ou'g*grdzdkvfpdwf 5 yg;
(*) tem*grdr*fpdwf 5 yg; (*) tem*grdzdkvfpdwf 5 yg;
(C) t&[wår*fpdwf 5 yg; (C) t&[wåzdkvfpdwf 5 yg;
aygif; r*fpdwf 20 yg; aygif; zdkvfpdwf 20 yg;
rSwcf suf / / avmukw&å m tusO;f (8)yg;udk tus,f (40) a&wGu&f mü rlv r*fpw d ?f zdv
k pf w
d f (8)yg;
wdo
Yk nf tus,f (40)a&wGu&f mü yg0ifNy;D jzpfí tusO;f (8)yg;udk xyfríH xnfo
h iG ;f a&wGu&f ef rvdyk g/
GH
51
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
EF
avmukw å& mpdw f tus,f (40)udk oauFw jzifhjyyHk

psmef r*fp dw f 4 yg; zdkv fp dw f 4 yg;
5 yg; aom ou'g tem*g t&[ aom ou'g tem*g t&[
y - psmef + + + + + + + +
'k - psmef + + + + + + + +
w - psmef + + + + + + + +
p - psmef + + + + + + + +
yÍö - psmef − − − − − − − −
= r*fp dw f 20 = zdkv fp dw f 20
k
k
r*fpw
d f (4)yg; (avmukw&å mukov
kd pf w
d f 4yg;)
or®m'd|dpaom r*¾if (8)yg;taygif;tpkudk ]r*f}[k ac:qdkonf/ xdkr*fESifh,SOfaompdwfudk
]r*fpw d }f [lí ac:q\ kd / r*fpw
d jf zpfay:vmonfEiS w hf pfNyKd ief uf qdik &f mudavomwdu
Yk kd y,fowfEikd Nf y;D
edAmÁ efukd tm½Hjk yKEikd o
f nf/
h udavomwdkYudk y,fowfí edAÁmefudk tm½HkjyKaomtm;jzifh oGm;a&mufwwfaomaMumifh
]r*f}[lí ac:qo kd nf/
h edAmÁ efukd &SmrS;D wwfaomaMumifv h nf; ]r*f}[kac:onf/
h edAmÁ efvv kd m;olwYkd &SmrS;D tyfaomaMumifv h nf; ]r*f}[lí ac:qykd gonf/
r*fonf udavomwnf;[laom rD;udk Nird ;f owfvu kd o
f nfh oabmjzpfonf/
k
k
r*fpw d f (4)yg; uGjJ ym;&yHk

1/ £aÈw ´ \ Ykd tEk 2/ t&ifh 3/ &ifo
h nfxuf&ifh 4/ t&ifq h ;kH [lí av;rsKd ;uGjJ ym;onfhtavsmuf
oHa,mZOfwuYkd kd y,fowfyrkH mS vnf; (4)rsKd ; jcm;em;aomaMumifh r*fpw d f (4)rsKd ; uGjJ ym;jcm;em;oGm;onf/
k
k
aomwmywdrå *fpw
d f
(aomw = avmukw&å mr*¾i&f pS yf g;wnf;[laom t&d,m a&t,OfoYkd + tmywåd =

a&S;OD;pGma&mufaom + r*¾ = r*f + pdwå = pdw)f
avmukw&å m t&d,mr*¾i&f pS yf g;odYk a&S;OD;pGma&mufaom r*fukd ]aomwmywård *f}[lí ac:qkd
onf/
GH
52
a
EF
aomwmywård *fç zdv k w

f nf;[laom avmukw&å mpdw&f &Sx
d m;aomç aomwmyefy*k Kd¾ vo f nf
i&Jç wd&dpämefç Nydwåm tol&um,fwnf;[laom tyg,f(4)bHkrS tNyD;tydkif vGwfajrmufoGm;NyD;jzpf
onf/ umrbHük (7)Burd x f ufvGeíf vnf; y#doaE¨raeawmh/ t&[wår*fç zdvk u
f kd {uef &&Sad wmh
rnfh yk*Kd¾ vjf zpfonf/
k
k
ou'g*grrd *f
(ouð = wpfBurd f + tm*grd = jyefvmaomol)

umrok*wd (7)bHo k YkdwpfBurd o f mjyefvmwwfaom ]ou'g*gryf *k Kd¾ v\ f r*f}jzpfonf/
ou'g*grrd *f&Ny;D onfEiS hf ou'g*grzd v kd pf w
d &f &So
d nf/ xdrk *fç zdv
k pf w
d jf zpfNy;D olukd ]ou'g*grd
yk*Kd¾ v}f [k ac:qo
kd nf/
ou'g*grrd *fç zdv
k f wnf;[laom avmukw&å mpdw&f &SNd y;D olonf tyg,f (4)bHrk S vH;k 0vGwf
ajrmufomG ;\/ umrok*wd (7)bHo k Ykd wpfBurd o
f m jyefvmwwfaom yk*Kd¾ vjf zpfonf/
k
k
tem*grrd *f
(e + tm*grd = tem*grd = þumrbHo

k Ykd vH;k 0jyefrvmaomol\ + r*¾ = r*f)
þumrbHo k Ykd vH;k 0jyefí y#doaE¨ raeawmhrnfh yk*Kd¾ v\
f ]r*f}udk ]tem*grrd *f}[k ac:qo
dk nf/
umrwPSm umrbHkudk pGJvrf;ESpfoufaom ]umr&m*}udk t<uif;rJh y,fowfNyD;jzpfí
umrbHo k Ykd vH;k 0jyefí y#doaE¨raeawmhojzifh ]umr(11)bH}k rS vGwaf jrmufomG ;NyjD zpfonf/ ok&Yd mwGif
½ly&m*? t½ly&m*? <uif;usefao;ojzifh jA[®mhbHkwGif jzpf&ayao;onf/ tem*grdr*fESifh zdkvfpdwf
jzpfNy;D onfyh *k Kd¾ vuf kd tem*gryd *k Kd¾ v[
f ak c:qo
kd nf/
k
k
t&[wår*f
(t&[wå = ylaZmftxl;udk cHxu

kd af omç ylaZmfxu
kd af om + r*¾ = r*f)
udavomtm;vHk;udk y,fowfNyD;í ylaZmftxl;udk cHxdkufaom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf\ r*fudk
]t&[wår*fpw d }f [kac:qo
kd nf/
xd&k [EÅm yk*Kd¾ vo
f nf umr? ½ly? t½ly [kqtkd yfaom avmuoH;k yg; wpfenf;tm;jzifh (31)bHk
0#ftwGi;f rS vGwaf jrmufomG ;Ny;D vQif tocFw"mwf edAmÁ efcsr;f omudk &&Scd pH m;&onf/
GH
a
EF
k
k
zdvk pf w
d f (4) yg;
aomwmywåd zdkvfpdwfonf aomwmywådr*fpdwf\ tjcm;rJhü wpfqufwnf; jzpfaom
zdkvf(tusKd;)pdwfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh zv= zdkvfqdkonfrSm r*fukodkvf\tusKd;jzpfonf/ zdkvfESifh
,SOaf ompdwu f kd zdvk pf w
d [
f íl ac:qo kd nf/
r*fpw d wf u Ykd udavomwdu Yk kd y,fowfNy;D í zdvk pf w
d w f u
Ykd udavomudk y,fowf&ef udprö &Sd
awmhay/ avmb? a'go? paom udavom w&m;rsm; Nird ;f at;oGm;onfh oabmudk ]zdv k pf w
d }f [kac:
onf/ owfNyD;aomrD;udka&jzifh xyfrHavmif;ay;ouJhodkY Nidrf;at;oGm;onfh oabmjzpfonf/
Oyrm-&efoludk tpowfatmifjrifNyD;aom ppfolBuD;onf tpOftNrJ at;csrf; rIudkcHpm;&ouJhodkY
zdv
k pf w
d rf sm;í Burd zf efrsm;pGm at;Nird ;f csr;f omrIukd cHpm;Ekid o
f nf/
k
k
zdv
k pf w
d f (4) yg; uGjJ ym;&yHk
r*fuo k v kd pf w
d f (4)yg;&Sad omaMumifh r*fpwd \f tusK;d jzpfaomzdv
k pf w
d w
f o
Ykd nfvnf; r*fpw
d f
OD;a&ESihf wlnpD Gm (4)yg; uGJjym;onf/
1/ aomwmywåzd v
kd pf w
d f
(aomw = avmukw&å mr*¾i&f pS yf g;wnf;[laom t&d,m a&t,OfoYkd + tmywåd
a&S;OD;pGma&mufaom + zv = zdv k f + pdwå = pdw)f
avmukwå&m t&d,mr*¾if&Spfyg;odkY a&S;OD;pGm a&mufaomtusKd;zdkvfpdwfudk ]aomwmywåd
zdv
k pf w
d }f [kac:qo
kd nf/
2/ ou'g*grzd v
kd pf w
d f
(ouð = wpfBurd f + tm*grd = umrok*wdbHo k Ykd jyefvmwwfol + zv =
zdv
k f = pdwå = pdw)f
umrok*wdbHkodkY wpfBudrfom jyefvnf y#doaE¨wnfaom yk*¾dKvf\ zdkvfudk ]ou'g*grdzdkvf} [k
ac:onf/ xdzk v
kd Ef iS hf ,SOaf om ]pdw}f udk ]ou'g*grzd v
kd pf w
d }f [kac:qo
kd nf/
3/ tem*grzd v
kd pf w
d f
(tem*grd = umrbHo
k Ykd vH;k 0jyefrvmaomol\ + zv = zdv
k f + pdwå = pdw)f
þumrbHkü vHk;0 y#doaE¨raeawmhrnfh yk*¾dKvf\zdkvfudk ]tem*grdzdkvf} [kac:qdkonf/
xdzk v
kd Ef iS hf ,SOaf ompdwu
f kd ]tem*grzd v
kd pf w
d }f [líac:qo
kd nf/
GH
54
a
EF
4/ t&[wåzv
kd pf w
d f
(ylaZmftxl;udk cHxu
kd af om &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ v\f zdv
k pf w
d u
f kd ]t&[wåzv
kd pf w
d }f [kac:qo
kd nf/)
k
k
avmukw&å mpdwüf Bu, d mr&Syd kH

bk&m;? &[EÅm t&Siof jl rwfw\ Ykd oEÅmefüjzpfay:aom ukov kd pf w
d rf sK;d udk ]Bu,
d mpdw}f [kac:qkd
onf/ trSwpf ifppf r*fpw
d f (4) yg;wdo Yk nfvnf; ukov kd pf wd rf sK;d yif jzpfonf/ ok&Yd mwGif 0&Zdeo f nf
ausmufawmifBu;D udk wpfBurd w f nf; NzKd cGi;f Edik o
f uJo
h Ykd r*fpw
d o f nfvnf; udavomwdu Yk kd orkapä'
(tjrpfjzwf) tm;jzifh wpfBurd wf nf; ESihf y,fowfEikd af om owdx å ;l &Sad vonf/
xdkr*fpdwfonf wpfBudrfom jzpf½dk;&SdNyD; csKyfysufoGm;\/ xyfrHí jzpfay:½dk;r&Sd/ bk&m;?
&[EÅmwdkY\ oEÅmef0,f avmukwå&mukodkvfac:onfh r*fpdwfonf xyfrHí jzpfay: jcif;r&Sdaom
aMumifh avmukw&å mpdwüf Bu, d mpdwf r&S&d jcif;jzpfonf/
k
k
taombepdwf
wifwh ,faom tavmb[dww f EYkd iS hf vnf;aumif;? o'¨g? owd paom ]aombeapwodw}f
wdEYk iS hf vnf;aumif; r,SOaf omaMumifh ]taombepdw}f [kac:qo kd nf/
(u) tukov kd pf w
d f (12)yg;wdu Yk kd taombepdw[ f ak c:&jcif;onf tjypf&ídS rwifw
h ,f
aom ]avmb} ponfh [dww f EYkd iS hf ,SOaf omaMumifh jzpfonf/
( c ) t[dwfpdwf (18) yg; wdkYudk taombepdwf[k ac:qdk&jcif;onf tjypfr&Sd wifhw,f
aom ]tavmb} ponfh [dww f EYkd iS hf r,SOaf omaMumifh jzpfonf/
k
k
aombepdwf
o'¨g? owd paom aombeapwoduwf EYkd iS hf ,SOíf jzpfaompdwrf sm;jzpfí]aombe} pdwrf sm;
[kac:qo
kd nf/
aombepdwf tusO;f (59) yg;? tus,f (91) yg;
aombepdwf tusOf; tus,f
1/ umraombepdwf 24 yg; 24 yg;
2/ ½lyaombepdwf 15 yg; 15 yg;
3/ t½lyaombepdwf 12 yg; 12 yg;
4/ avmukwå&maombepdwf 8 yg; 40 yg;
aombepdwfaygif; = 59 yg; 91 yg;
GH
55
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
EF
umraombepdwf (24)yg;
1/ r[mukov kd pf w
d f 8 yg;
2/ r[m0dygufpdwf 8 yg;
3/ r[mBu,d mpdwf 8 yg;
umraombepdwaf ygi;f = 24yg;
½lyaombepdwf (15) yg;

1/ ½ly ukov kd f (aombe) pdwf 5 yg;
2/ ½ly 0dyguf (aombe) pdwf 5 yg;
3/ ½ly Bu,d m(aombe) pdwf 5 yg;
½lyaombepdwaf ygi;f = 15 yg;
t½lyaombepdwf (12) yg;

1/ t½ly ukov kd f (aombe) pdwf 4 yg;
2/ t½ly 0dyguf (aombe) pdwf 4 yg;
3/ t½ly Bu,d m(aombe) pdwf 4 yg;
t½lyaombepdwaf ygi;f = 12 yg;
avmukw&å maombepdwf tusO;f 8 yg;? tus,f 40 yg;
1/ r*fpw d tf usO;f 4 yg; tus,ftyg; 20

2/ zdv
k pf wd tf usO;f 4 yg; tus,t
f yg; 20
avmukw&å maombe 8 yg; tus,tf yg; 40
pdwt f usO;f
umrm0p&pdwf (0g) umrpdwf (54)yg;

1/ taombepdwf 30 yg;
2/ umraombepdwf 24 yg;
umrpdwfaygif; 54 yg;
GH
56
a
EF
k
k
r[*¾Kwpf w
d f (27)yg;
1/ ½lyg0p&pdwf 15 yg;
2/ t½lyg0p&pdwf 12 yg;
r[*¾Kwpf w d af ygi;f = 27 yg;
r[*¾Kwpf w d f ( r[*¾w = r[m = jrwfonftjzpfoYkd + *w = a&mufaompdw)f
psmef&aom jrifjh rwfow l Ykd &tyfa&muftyfaomaMumifh ]r[*¾Kw}f pdw[ f ak c:onf/
(atmufwef;usaom umre,frS vGwaf jrmuf&ef eD0&Pw&m;wdu Yk kd y,fcmG Edik af omaMumifh
jrifjh rwfo[ l qk &kd \/) k
k
avmuDpw d f (81) yg;

1/ umrpdwf 54 yg;
2/ r[*¾Kwpf w d f 27 yg;
avmuDpw d af ygi;f = 81 yg;
avmuDpw d f = (avmu? avmuü? " (þ) = xif&mS ;aompdw?f avmuü xif&mS ;aom pdwrf sm;jzpfí
]avmuDpw d }f [kac:\/
jzpfwwf? ysufwwfaom ocFg&avmuü tusKH;0ifaomaMumifhvnf; ]avmuDpdwf}[k
ac:onf/
k
k
pdwt
f usO;f 89 yg;? tus,f 121 yg;
1/ avmuDpdwf 81 yg; avmuDpdwf 81 yg;

2/ avmukw&å mpdwftusOf; 8 yg; avmukw&å mpdwftus,f 40 yg;
pdwftusOf; = 89 yg; tus,f = 121 yg;
o
jkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkl
o
pdwf tusO;f (89) yg; ? tus,f (121) yg;udk ab' (9) rsK;d jzifh cGjJ cm;jyjcif;
o o
jkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkl
1/ blrad b' (bH)k tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;jyjcif;
1/ umrbHküjzpfaompdwf 54 yg;
2/ ½lybHük jzpfaompdwf 15 yg;
3/ t½lybHük jzpfaompdwf 12 yg;
4/ avmukw&å m t0w¬mbHük jzpfaompdwf 40 yg;
pkpkaygif; 121 yg;
GH
a
EF
blr(d bH)k = bHkqdkonfrSm XmebHk? t0w¬mbHk [lí (2)rsKd;&Sdonf/ XmebHkqdkonfrSm wnf&mXme

&&St
d yfaom tyg,b f ?kH vlb
Y ?kH ewfb?kH jA[®mbHk ae&mt&yfwYkd jzpfonf/
t0w¬mbHk qdo k nfrmS wPSm (3)&yfjzifh owfrw S tf yfaom e,fy,fjzpfonf/
1/ umrwPSm\ tm½HkjyK&m umrpdwf? apwoduf? ½kyfw&m;wdkYudk umrwPSm
e,fy,f[íl umrwPSmjzifh owfrw S xf m;\/
xdkumrwPSmjzifh ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom umrpdwf? apwoduf? ½kyf
(umrpdwf 54 yg; + apwoduf 52 yg; + ½kyf 28 yg;) tm;vH;k udk ]umrt0w¬m
bH}k [kac:qo kd nf/
2/ ½lywPSm\ tm½HkjyK&m ½lypdwf? apwoduf wdkYudk ½lywPSm e,fy,f[lí
½lywPSmjzifh ydik ;f jcm;owfrw S x f m;\/
½lywPSmjzifh ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom ½lypdwf? apwodufw&m;wdkYonf
]½lyt0w¬mbHk}jzpfonf/
3/ t½lywPSm\ tm½Hjk yK&m t½lypdw?f apwoduw f u Ykd kd ]t½lywPSme,fy,f} [lí
t½lywPSmjzifh ydik ;f jcm;owfrw S x f m;\/
t½lywPSmjzifh ydik ;f jcm;owfrw S x f m;aom xdt k ½lypdw?f apwoduw f &m; wdu
Yk kd
]t½lyt0w¬mbH}k [k ac:qEkd ikd o f nf/
4/ wPSmoHk;yg;wdkYrS vGwfaom e,fy,fwpf&yf[k owfrSwfxm;aom edAÁmef?
avmukwå &mpdwf? apwodufw&m;tm;vHk;udk ]avmukwå&mt0w¬mbHk}
[kac:qkd onf/
1/ umrbH?k ½lybH?k t½lybHak ygi;f (3) yg;wdüYk XmebHEk iS hf t0w¬mbHk (2) yg;pHu k kd &&So
d nf/
2/ avmukw&å mbHrk mS rl ]t0w¬mbH}k wpfrsK;d udo k m &&So d nf/
GH
58
a
EF
2/ Zmwdab' (Zmwf = trsK;d tpm;) tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;jyjcif;

Zmwf (4) rsK;d jzifh jyyHk
pOf pdwftusOf; pdwftus,f

1/ tukodkvfpdwf 12 yg; 12 yg;
2/ ukodkvfpdwf 21 yg; 37 yg;
3/ 0dygufpdwf 36 yg; 52 yg;
4/ Bud,mpdwf 20 yg; 20 yg;
aygif; = 89 yg; aygif; 121yg;
Zmwf (3) rsKd ;jzifh jyyHk

pOf pdw ft usOf; pdw ft us,f
1/ tuko dkv fp dw f 12 yg; 12 yg;
2/ uko kv
d fp dw f 21 yg; 37 yg;
3/ tAsmuwpdw f 56 yg; 72 yg;
tAsmuwpdwf = 0dygupf w
d Ef iS hf Bu,d mpdwf (2) &yfaygi;f udk tAsmuwpdw[
f k
ac:onf/
3/ a0'emab'
pdwftusOf; tus,f
1/ + = aomreó a0'em 30yg; 62 yg;
2/ > = a'greó a0'em 2 yg; 2 yg;
3/ _ = Oayu©ma0'em 55 yg; 55 yg;
4/ = 'ku©a0'em 1 yg; 1 yg;
> >
5/ = okca0'em 1 yg; 1 yg;

GH
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
59
a
EF
(avmukw&å mpdwf (8) yg;udk Oayu©m a0'emwGif xnfo

h Gi;f í wGucf sux
f m;ygonf/)
avmukwå&mpdwf tus,fudk psmeab'tm;jzifh jyqdk&mwGif y? 'k? w? pwkw¬psmefwdkYESifh ,SOfcdkuf
]aomreó a0'em} jzpfygonf/ yOörpsmefESifh ,SOfcdkuf Oayu©m a0'emjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
avmukwå&mpdwftusOf; (8)yg;onf a0'emtm;jzifh aomreóa0'emvnf;jzpf\/ Oayu©m
a0'emvnf;jzpf\/
4/ a,m*ab'
(orÜ,w
k ?f 0dy,
Ü w
k pf w
d rf sm;udk cGJjcm;jyjcif;)
orÜ,wk pf w
d f 0dy,
Ü wk pf w
d f
1/ tukov
kd pf w
d f 8 yg; 4 yg;
2/ umraombepdwf 12 yg; 12 yg;
_ . 0d .
t +H + −H − >
o +H + −H − > _. O
. }
t +H + −H − r[muk t + H + −H − r[mBu,
d m
o +H + −H − 8 yg; o + H} + −H }
− 8 yg;
t +H + −H − r[m0dyguf
o +H + −H − 8 yg; }
(.) = orÜ,w
k f pdwf ( ) 0dy,
Ü w
k pf w
d f
rSwcf su/f 'd|?d y#dC? 0dpu d pd mä ? O'¨p?ö ÓPf[al om apwoduf wdEYk iS hf ,SOaf om pdww f u Ykd kd orÜ,w k f
pdw[ f íl ac:qNkd y;D r,SOaf om pdww f u Ykd kd 0dy,
Ü w
k [f k ac:q&kd onf/
t&Sit f Ek½'k g¨ \ tvdt k &? t[dwpf w d ?f r[*¾Kwpf w d Ef iS hf avmukw&å mpdww f u Ykd kd orÜ,w k f
[kvnf;aumif;? 0dy, Ü wk [ f íl vnf;aumif; cGJjcm;rjyaomaMumifh tukov kd pf w d f 12 yg;
ESihf umraombepdwf (24)yg;wdu Yk o kd m orÜ,w k ?f 0dy,
Ü w k f cGjJ cm;jy&ef vdo
k nf/ <uif;aom
pdww f u Ykd kd a,m*tm;jzifh txl;cGJjcm;jyjcif;r&Syd g/
GH
60
a
EF
5/ ocFg&ab'
(tocF g&u
d ? oocF g&u
d tm;jzifh pdww
f u
Ykd kd cGjJ cm;jyjcif;)
tocFg& du oocFg& du
1/ tuko dkv fp dw f 5 yg; 5 yg;
2/ umraombepdw f 12 yg; 12 yg;
pkp ka ygi f; = 17 yg; 17 yg;
rSwcf su/f * arm[rlpdwf (2)yg;onf tocFg&dupdwfvnf;r[kwf? oocFg&du pdwfvnf; r[kwf

aomaMumifh ocFg&0drw k pf w
d f jzpfonf/
* <uif;aom t[dwfpdwf? r[*¾Kwfpdwf? avmukwå&mpdwfwdkYudk ocFg&tm;jzifh txl;
cGJjcm;jyxm;jcif;r&Syd g/
6/ psmeab'
(psmefpw
d f 67 yg; udk psmeab'tm;jzifh cGJjyyH)k
avmuDp sm efp dw f avmukw å& mpsm efp dw f avmuD? avmukw å& mpsm efp dw f
1/ yxrpsm ef 3 yg; 8 yg; 11 yg;
2/ 'kw d, psm ef 3 yg; 8 yg; 11 yg;
3/ wwd, psm ef 3 yg; 8 yg; 11 yg;
4/ pwkw ¬p sm ef 3 yg; 8 yg; 11 yg;
5/ yOör psm ef 15 yg; 8 yg; 23 yg;
aygi f; = 27 yg; aygi f; = 40 yg; aygi f; = 67 yg;
* t½lyg0p&pdwfwdkYonf]Oayu©m? {u*¾wm} [lí psmeft*Fg (2)yg;om ,SOfí yOörpsmef

t*Fgcsi;f wlaomaMumifh t½ly pdwf (12)yg;vH;k udk yOörpsmefü oGi;f ,l&onf/
GH
a
EF
7/ r*¾ab'
(r*fpw
r*fpdwftusOf; tus,f
1/ aomwmywådr*fpdwf 1 yg; aomwmywådr*fpdwf 5 yg;
2/ ou'g*grdr*fpdwf 1 yg; ou'g*grdr*fpdwf 5 yg;
3/ tem*grdr*fpdwf 1 yg; tem*grdr*fpdwf 5 yg;
4/ t&[wår*fpdwf 1 yg; t&[wår*fpdwf 5 yg;
r*fpdwftusOf; 4 yg; r*fpdwftus,f = 20 yg;
8/ tm& r®Pab'
(t½lyg0p&pdwf 12 yg;udk cGJjcm;jyjcif;)
1/ tmumomeOöm,we ukov
dk ?f 0dygu?f Bu,
d mpdwf 3 yg;
2/ 0dnmPOöm,we ukov
dk ?f 0dygu?f Bu,
d mpdwf 3 yg;
3/ tmudOn
ö m ,we ukov
fkd ?f 0dygu?f Bu,
d mpdwf 3 yg;
4/ ae0onm emonm,weukov
fkd ?f 0dygu?f Bu,
d mpdwf 3 yg;
tm&r®P ab'pdwf pkpak ygi;f 12 yg;
9/ ÚmPab'
(ÚmPorÜ,w
k f ESihf ÚmP0dy,
Ü w
k pf w
ÚmPorÜ,w
k pf w
d f ÚmP0dy,
Ü w
k pf w
d f
1/ umraombe 12 yg; 12 yg;

2/ r[*¾Kwpf w
d f 27 yg; -
3/ avmukwå&mpdwf tusO;f 8 ^ tus,f 40 yg; -
tusO;f 47 ^ tus,f 79 yg; 12 yg;
GH
62
a
EF
k
k
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m rSwfom;zG,f&mrsm;
tukov0dygupf w
d f (7) yg; tusK;d ay;yHk
tukov0dygupf w
d f 7 yg; y#doaE¨tusK;d y0wåt
d usK;d
1/ Oayu©moEÅ&D P 1 yg; y#doaE¨tusK;d y0wåt
d usK;d
2/ <uif; 6 yg; y0wåtd usK;d
t[dwu
f o
k v0dygupf w
d f (8) yg; tusK;d ay;yHk
t[dwu
f o
k v0dygupf w
d f 8 yg; y#doaE¨tusK;d y0wåt
d usK;d
1/ Oayu©moEÅ&D P 1 yg; y#doaE¨tusK;d y0wåt
d usK;d
2/ <uif; 7 yg; y0wåtd usK;d
t[dwu f ok v0dygupf w
d f (8) yg;\ y0wåt
d usK;d onf umr (11) bHEk iS hf tonowfMuOf ½ly
(15) bHk wdüYk vnf; xdu
k o
f nht
f m;avsmpf mG jzpfonf/
umrpdwf (54) yg;ç bHXk metvdu

k jf zpfykH
umrbHük om jzpfaompdwf umrç ½lyç t½lybHük jzpfaompdwf

1/ a'gorlpw d f 2 yg; <uif;ç 38 yg; pdww f o
Ykd nf umrbHük rsm;aomtm;
2/ Cme0dnmPfpw d f 2 yg; jzifhjzpfNy;D ½lyç t½lybHw k üYkd vnf; jzpfEikd af o;\/
3/ Zd0gS 0n
d mPfpw d f 2 yg;
4/ um,0dnmPfpw d f 2 yg;
5/ r[m0dygupf w d f 8 yg;
aygi;f 16 yg; <uif; 38 yg;
GH
a
EF
½lypdwf (15) yg;ç bHXk metvdu

k jf zpfykH
½lybHük om jzpfaompdwf ½lyç umrbHük jzpfaompdwf
1/ ½ly0dygupf w
d f 5 yg; <uif;aom ½lyukov kd f (5) yg;ESihf Bu,
d m (5) yg;
wdo
Y k nf ½lybHük rsm;aomtm;jzifo h mjzpfNy;D umrbHk
üvnf; jzpfEikd af o;\/
aygi;f 5 yg; <uif; 10 yg;
t½lypdwf (12) yg; bHXk metvdu

k jf zpfykH
t½lybHük om jzpfaompdwf umrç ½lyç t½lybHük jzpfaompdwf

1/ t½ly0dygufpdwf 4 yg; <uif;aom t½ly ukov kd pf w
d f (4) yg;
ESihf Bu,
d mpdwf (4) yg;wdo Yk nf
t½lybHw k üYkd rsm;aomtm;jzifo h m jzpfNy;D
umrbHçk ½lybHw k üYkd vnf; jzpfEikd \
f /
aygif; 4 yg; <uif; 8 yg;
k
k
oAÁnKwÓPfESifh t&[wår*fÓPftxl;
oAÁnKwÓPfqo kd nfrmS qifjcifvu kd af omtcg tm½Hrk eS o

f rQ tqD;twm;r&Sd r<uif;rusef
tm½HkjyKEdkifaom r[mBud,mÓPorÜ,kwf (4) yg;ü ,SOfaom ynmapwodufjzpfonf/ xdkpdwf
onf avmuDpw d jf zpfonf/
t&[wå r*fÓPfonf edAmÁ efuo kd m tm½Hjk yKí avmukw&å mpdwjf zpfonf/ t&[wår*fÓPf
onf oAÁnKwÓPfxuf ydík jrifjh rwfí xl;ygonf/
k
k
r*fpdwf (5) rsKd;onf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;ü rjzpfEdkifjcif;
r*fpdwftus,fü yxrpsmefpaom psmefESifh,SOfonhf aomwmywådr*f (5) rsKd;&Sdaomfvnf;

yxrpsmef? 'kw, d psmef ponfjzifh &í r*fpw
d yf g&&So
d yl *k Kd¾ vw f pfO;D wnf;ü aomwmywård *fpw
d f (5) rsK;d
vH;k rjzpfEikd ?f r*fpw
d o
f nf (1) Burd wf nf;omjzpfay:avh&\ dS /
GH
64
a
EF
k
k oAÁnKwÓPfESifhwlaompdwf
raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwo f nf bk&m;&Si\
f oEÅmefawmfü jzpfcu
kd f tukerf usetf vH;k pHu
k kd tm½Hjk yKEikd f
aomaMumifh ]oAÁnKwÓPf} r[kwaf omfvnf; oAÁnKwÓPfEiS w hf al ompdw[f k ac:qEkd ikd o
f nf/
qifajymifBu;D ESiw
hf al om r[m*Zpdw[ f íl vnf; ac:\/
k
k
tusKd;0dygufpdwfcsif;uJGjym;yHk
1/ ½lyç t½lyç avmukw&å m ukov kd pf w d wf o
Ykd nf wlnaD omtusK;d udak y;\/
½lyç t½ly ukov kd w
f o Ykd nf (ukov kd f (5) rsK;d &Sv
d Qif (5) rsK;d ç ukov
kd f 4 rsK;d &Sv
d Qif 4 rsK;d ) tjcm;rJh
b0ü NrJaomtusK;d udak y;\/
2/ umrukov kd o
f nfum; wlaomtusK;d ç rwlaomtusK;d [lí (2) yg;pHk tusK;d ay;\/
(u) r[mukov kd \ f tusK;d jzpfaom r[m0dygujf zpfay:jcif;onf wlaomtusK;d udk ay;jcif;
jzpfonf/
(c) r[mukodkvfaMumifh t[dwfukov0dygufjzpfay: jcif;onf rwlaomtusKd;udk
ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
k
k
pdwfwpfck,kwfudk;q,fü ygaomfvnf; twdk;tavsmh r&Sdaompdwf (2) yg;
½lyukodkvftbdnmOf ESifh ½lyBud,mtbdnmOfpdwf (2) yg;wdkYonf pdwftrnf&Muonf/

tbdnmOf\w&m;ud, k o f nf tvGet f usL; txl;odwwfaom ÓPfEiS , hf OS o
f nhf yÍörpsmefpw
d yf if
jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh xdpk wd f (2) yg;udk pdwOf ;D a&ü twd;k tavsmjh yK&ef rvdak cs/
k
k
yÍörpsmefESifh tbdnmOfa'GwdkY xl;jcm;rI
yÍörpsmef½dk;½dk; ukodkvfpdwfonf y#doaE¨tusKd;udkay;í tbdnmOfwyfaom yÍörpsmef

ukov
kd f pdwo
f nf y#doaE¨tusK;d udk ray;yg/ þodYk xl;jcm;onf/
pdwfydkif;NyD;\/
GH
a
EF
omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeu usif;ycJhonfh tbd"r®m (½dk;½dk;)

pmar;yJG ar;cGef;a[mif;rsm;
pdwfydkif;
1954 - ckESpf
1/ umrm0p&? ½lyg0p&? t½lyg0p&? avmukwå&mpdwfac:&jcif;taMumif;udk toD;oD;azmfjyí
4if;pdwt f oD;oD;wd\ Yk o½kyu
f kd taygif;ocsmF rQ xkwjf ycJyh g/
2/ ÓPorÜ,w k o f mjzpfí tocFg&durjzpfaom umrm0p&pdw?f tocFg&duomjzpfí ÓPorÜ,w k f
rjzpfaom umrm0p&pdw?f ESpyf g;pHjk zpfaom umrm0p&pdw?f ESpyf g;pHrk jzpfaom umrm0p&pdww
f uYkd kd
4if;wd,
Yk OS Ef ikd af om apwoduEf iS w hf uG toD;oD;azmfjycJyh g/
1955 - ckESpf
1/ tbd"r®ww ¬ &m;rsm;udk xkwjf yí
4if;wdw Yk iG f y&rw¬w&m;wd\
Yk t"dymÜ ,fwpfcpk D &Si;f vif;jyyg/
2/ ½lyg0p&pdwfrSm wpfq,hfig;ck&Sdí t½lyg0p&pdwfrSm wpfq,fhESpfckom&Sd&jcif;\ taMumif;wdkYudk
&Si;f vif; ajzqdyk g/
1956 - ckESpf
1/ t[dwOf ayu©mwdo Yk nf wpfrsKd ;wpfrsKd ;vQif tb,frQp&D ydS goenf;/ Oayu©mr[kwaf om t[dwpf w d f
wduYk vkd nf; a&wGujf yyg/
2/ umaraw0Doygumedü aw0Dot&cGjJ cm;jyqdNk y;D vQif ukov0dyguf Oayu©mrnfrQ tukov0dyguf
Oayu©mrnfrQ[k ajzqdck yhJ g/
3/ t½lypdwf wpfq,fEh pS yf g;wdo Yk nf psmeft*Fgaygif; tb,frQpED iS hf jynfph MkH uygoenf;/
4if;t½lypdww f uYkd dk rnfonfph smefü a&wGut f yfaMumif;udv k nf; taMumif;ESiw hf uG &Si;f vif;jyyg/
4/ yOörpsmefpw d f (23)yg;wdu Yk kd a&wGujf ycJyh g/
5/ 'd|*d worÜ,w k Ef iS hf tocFg&dujzpfjcif;taMumif;wdu Yk kd &Si;f vif;pGm azmfjyyg/
6/ r[*¾Kwfukodkvf? avmukwå&mukodkvfwdkYudk umrm0p& ukokdvfuJhodkY r[m[k tb,faMumifh
rqd&k jcif;udk &Si;f vif;azmfjyyg/
7/ wd[w d pf w
d Ef iS hf ,SOaf om apwodurf sm; azmfjyNy;D vQif xdak pwodurf sm;rS 'G[ d w
d af pwodu?f wd[w d f
apwoduw f u Ykd dk cGjJ cm;xkwjf yyg/
GH
66
a
EF
1957 - ckESpf
1/ y&rwfw&m;rsm;udk tusO;f tm;jzifh rnfrQ tus,t f m;jzifh rnfrQ&o
dS nf[k jyqdNk y;D vQif emrfy&rwf
½kyyf &rwfcjJG yyg/
2/ psmeftm;jzihf jym;aompdwf? tm½Hktm;jzihf jym;aom pdwfrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
3/ olwpfyg;\ tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk ysujf ym;atmif jyKvyk o f t
l m; rnfonfph w d jf zpfoenf;/
4if;pdwEf iS ,
hf OS af om apwodurf sm;udv
k nf; azmfjyyg/
1958 - ckESpf
1/ arm[rlpw d of nf tocFg&duavm? oocFg&duavm taMumif;jyajzcJyh g/
2/ t[dwpf w d wf üYkd aomreórnfrQ? Oayu©mrnfrQ&ydS goenf;/
3/ psmefqdkonfrSm pdwfavm? apwodufavm? tb,fudk psmef[kac:oenf;/
1972 - ckESpf
1/ taombPpdw3f 0-wGif aomreóo[*kwo f mjzpfí Oayu©mo[*kwrf jzpfaompdwf (2)yg;pHk
rjzpfaompdww f u Ykd kd a&wGujf yyg/
2/ avmuD0yd gufpw d rf sm;wGif Oayu©ma0'emESihf ,SOaf ompdwrf sm;udk xkwjf yyg/
3/ r[*¾Kwpf w
d w
f wYkd iG f tm½Htk m;jzifh jym;aompdw?f psmeftm;jzifh jym;aompdww
f u
Ykd kd emrnfrQ azmfjyyg/
1975 - ckESpf
1/ umrpdwf 54-yg;udk a0'em 5-yg;jzihf cGjJ cm;a0zefjyyg/
2/ psmeft*Fg 2-yg;&Sad om r[*¾KwOf ayu©mpdwrf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
3/ okca0'emESi, hf OS í
f psmeft*Fg 2-yg;&Sad om avmukw&å mpsmefpw d Ef iS hf okca0'emESihf r,SOb
f J psmef
t*Fg 2-yg;&Sad om avmukw&å mpsmefpw d rf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
1976 - ckESpf
1/ aombPpdwo f nf tusKd ;tm;jzifh rnfrQ&o
dS enf;? a&wGujf yyg/
2/ r*fpw
d t
f us,wf iG f aomreóo[*kwpf w d -f Oayu©mo[*kwpf w d w
f u Ykd kd a&wGujf yyg/
3/ pdwftus,f 121-yg;udk ukodkvf? tukodkvf? 0dyguf? Bud,mtm;jzihf cGJjcm;a&wGufjyyg/
1977 - ckESpf
1/ tukodkvfpdwf 12-yg;udk t-ocFg&dupdwf? o-ocFg&dupdwf? ocFg&uGJjym;rIr&Sdaom pdwftm;jzifh
cGjJ cm; a&wGujf yyg/
2/ pdww f pfc,
k w
k uf ;kd q,fukd blrad b'tm;jzihf a&wGujf yyg/
3/ aomwmywåd r*fpw d f 5-yg;udk psmeft*Fgjzifh a0zefjyyg/
GH
a
EF
1978 - ckESpf
1/ vlYbHküjzpfaom umrpdwf 54-yg;udk a0'em ab'enf;tm;jzifh a&wGufjyyg/ pdwf 89-yg;wGif
jrifEikd o
f nfh pdwrf sm;ukd wpfcpk aD &wGujf yyg/
2/ psmefy*k Kd¾ vw
f \
Ykd r[*¾Kwpf w
d f 27-yg;udk psmeab'enf;tm;jzifh a&wGujf yí? pdwtf us,f 121-yg;
wdwYk iG f avmukw&å m Oayu©mo[*kwpf w d rf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
3/ pdwt f us,f 121-yg;udk Zmwdab'enf;tm;jzifh a&wGujf yí avmuDpw d f 81-yg;wGif yxrpsmef
pdwrf sm;udk wpfcpk D a&wGujf yyg/
1979 - ckESpf
1/ vlwiG f rjywfjzpfwwfaom tukov kd pf w
d f 12-yg;wdu
Yk kd wpfcpk aD &wGujf yyg/
2/ umrbHw k iG jf zpfay:aom umrm0p&aombPpdwf 24-yg;wdu Yk kd a0'emÓPfocFg&tjym; tm;jzifh
cGjJ cm;a0zefjyyg/
3/ psmeft*Fgjym;aomaMumifh ½lyukov kd pf w d f 5-yg;jym;&onf[q k &kd m rnforYkd nfyjkH ym;&onfudk a&;om;
azmfjyyg/
1980 - ckESpf
1/ pdwf 89-yg;wGif rwifw
h ,faom taombPpdwrf sm; rnfrQyg0ifaeonfukd azmfjycJyh g/
2/ avmuDpsmefpwd f tb,fEpS yf g;&Syd goenf;? a&wGujf yyg/
3/ umrpdw-f r[*¾Kwpf w
d -f avmukw&å mpdww f Ykd rnfrQp&D adS Mumif; ocFsmrQom azmfjycJyh g/
1981 - ckESpf
1/ tukov kd pf wd -f t[dwpf w
d w f rYkd S <uif;aom aombPpdww f uYkd kd a&;om;azmfjyyg/
2/ ½d;k ½d;k vlw\ Ykd pdwx f uf xl;jcm;aom r[*¾Kwpf smefpw d af ygif; rnfrQ&o dS nf[k a&wGuaf zmfjycJyh g/
3/ avmuDpw d f 81-yg;ü ukov kd pf w
d -f 0dygufpwd -f Bu,
d mpdwf rnfrQp&D adS Mumif; ocsmF rQ a&;om;azmfjycJyh g/
1982 - ckESpfO
1/ razmufrjyefaomaMumifh y&rwfrnfaom w&m;rsm;udk a&wGujf yí pdwrf nfaom y&rwfw&m;\
ta&twGuf ocsmF rQuo kd m tusO;f enf;-tus,ef nf;tm;jzifh azmfjyyg/
2/ tukovkd w
f &m;\ tusKd ;jzpfaom 0dygufpw d rf sm;udk wpfcpk aD &wGujf yyg/
3/ t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwdkYom &xdkufaom avmukwå&mpdwf 8-rsdK;udk a&wGufazmfjyyg/
GH
68
a
EF
1983 - ckESpf
1/ vlüjzpfaom tukov kd pf w
d rf sm;udk jynfph pkH mG azmfjyyg/
2/ &[ef;oHCmrsm;tm; qGr;f avmif;vSLaomtcg jzpfay:wwfaom ukov kd pf w
d rf sm;teuf pdwEf pS rf sKd ;rQ
om a&;jyyg/
3/ psmef&aom yk*Kd¾ vt
f m;jzpfay:wwfaom aomwmywård *fpw d f 5-rsKd ;udk azmfjyyg/
1984 - ckESpf
1/ oN*KØ [u f sr;f tp yPmrwGif azmfjyaom bk&m;*kP-f w&m;*kP-f oHCm*kPaf wmfwu Ykd kd a&;om;cJyh g/
2/ pdwf 89-yg;wdw Yk iG f rwifw
h ,faom taombPpdwEf iS hf wifwh ,faomaombPpdww f u
Ykd kd cGjJ cm;
azmfjyyg/
3/ pdwu
f t kd usO;f enf;-tus,ef nf;cG&J mwGif tukov
kd pf w
d üf tusO;f tus,&f ydS goavm/ rnfonfph w d f
ü tusO;f -tus,cf yJG goenf;/
1985 - ckESpf
1/ trSef&Sdvsuf azmufjyefaom w&m;? razmufjyefaom w&m;wdkYudk xkwfjyyg/
2/ tjypfr&S[ d k cH,v l suf olwyg;ypön;f udk cd;k ,loEl iS hf tjypf&rdS eS ;f odvsuf cd;k ,low
l t
Ykd m; jzpfEikd af om
pdww
f uYkd kd jynfph pkH mG azmfjyyg/
1986 - ckESpf
1/ olwpfyg; tm;ay;wdkufwGef;rIaMumifhjzpfaom oocFg&du tukodkvfpdwfrsm;udk ukefpifatmif
a&wGujf yyg/
2/ um,0dnmPfpw d f (2) ck\ xl;jcm;rI (2) ckukd a&;om;Ny;D vQif umrpdwf (54) yg;udv
k nf; ukov
kd f
tukov kd 0f yd guf Bu,d mtm;jzifh cJjG cm;a0zefjyyg/
3/ pdwftus,f (121) yg;wGif psmefpdwfaygif; rnfrQyg0ifygoenf;// xkwfjyNyD;vQif t½lyg0p&pdwf
&oifah om psmeft*Fgrsm;udv k nf; ajzqdyk g/
1987 - ckESpf
1/ tbd"r®m ckEpS u f sr;f 0,f tus,af [mawmfrt l yfaom tbd"r®mw&m;wdo Yk nf ynwfrzuf y&rwf
oufouftm;jzifh rnfrQ&ydS goenf;/ ,if;w&m;wpfcpk \ D taygif;ocsmF toD;oD;udo k m azmfjyyg/
2/ Oayu©mo[*kwfr[kwfaom t[dwfpdwfrsm;udk ukefpifatmif a&wGufjyNyD;vQif ,if;pdwfwdkYudk
0dyguf? Bu, d mtm;jzifh cJjG cm;jyyg/
3/ rdrd\tdrfwGif udk;uG,fxm;aom Ak'¨½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmftm; tusKd;odjrifÓPfESifh,SOfí aeYpOf
bk&m;&Scd ;kd Muaom Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwt Ykd m; jzpfciG &hf o
dS rQ r[mukovdk pf w
d w
f u Ykd kd wpfyg;pD ajzqdyk g/
GH
a
EF
1988 - ckESpf
1/ olwpfyg;ypönf;udk rw&m;vdkcsifaom olwdkYü jzpfay:onhftukodkvfpdwfo½kyfudk wpfckcsif;
xkwjf yyg/
2/ ]]pdww
f pfc, k w
k u
f ;kd q,f}} [laom pum;udk ]]pdww
f pfc?k ½kyu
f ;kd q,f}} [k oHwal Mumif;uJG taumufvGJ
vsu&f &dS m trSeaf &mufatmif &Si;f vif;cJyh g/
3/ avmuDe,fy,frS pdwrf sm;udk Zmwdab'enf;t& azmfjyyg/
1989 - ckESpf
1/ vlüjzpfaom tukov kd pf w
d wf w
Ykd iG f a'goaMumifjh zpfaompdw?f arm[aMumifjh zpfaompdww f uYkd kd wpfcpk D
xkwjf yí Oayu©m? aomreó? a'greó rnfrQp&D o dS nfuv kd nf; taygif;ocsmF rQ azmfjyyg/
2/ ,SOzf uf[w d rf &Sad om Bu, d mpdwrf sm;udk xkwaf zmfjyí t[dwpf w d v
f m um,0dnmPfEpS cf \k xl;jcm;
csuu f v
kd nf; a&;jyyg/
3/ rdcifb&k m;&Scd ;kd onfukd twk,í l rdcifab;rS 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzifh bk&m;&Scd ;kd aom uav;i,ftm;
rnfonhu f ok v kd pf w
d jf zpfygoenf;/ azmfjyí aomwmywård *fpw d f tus,if g;yg;udv
k nf; a&;jycJyh g/
1990 - ckESpf
1/ wifw h ,faom ]]aombepdw}f } wdu Yk kd tusO;f tm;jzifh a&wGujf yí? om,memaysmzf ,
G af om oDcsi;f oH
udk Mum;&mü jzpfay:aompdwu f v kd nf; azmfjyyg/
2/ ½lyukodkvfpdwf (5) yg;udk o½kyfxkwfa&wGufjyí t½lypdwfukdpsmef (5) yg;wGif tb,fpsmefü
xnfo h iG ;f &rnfuv
kd nf; ñTeMf um;jyyg/
3/ avmurS vGwaf jrmufaom avmukw&å mpdwt f us,f (40) udk tusO;f tm;jzifh a&wGuaf zmfjyí
yxrpsmef (11) yg;udv k nf; rrSm;atmif xkwaf qmifjyyg/
1991 - ckESpf
1/ oHk;q,fhwpfbHkwGif vlç ewfç jA[®mowå0gynwfpkwdkYü tbd"r®mobm0tm;jzifh xif&Sm;&Sdaom
w&m; tppfukd vd&k if;xkwí f tusO;f csKyaf &;jyyg/
2/ t,lrrSm;aomfvnf; olwpfyg;ypönf;udk vdkcsiftm;BuD;í tvdktavsmuf0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzifh
cd;k ,lrd olonf tb,ftukov kd pf w
d jf zifh usL;vGecf o
hJ nfukd &Si;f jyí? NyKH ;&,fru
I kd jzpfapwwfaom
pdwt f rnfukd vnf;ñTejf ycJyh g/
3/ ,ckacwfbufpkH rGr;f rHa&;wdüYk aumif;usK;d udk ajrmfjrifvsuf rdro d '´gtavsmuf 0rf;ajrmufpmG tvSLaiG
xnh0f ifvLS 'gef;Muaom olw\ Ykd oEÅmefüjzpfay:aomukov kd pf wd uf kd a&;jyí avmuDpsmefpw d rf sm;udk
vnf; rrSm;atmif a&wGujf ycJyh g/
GH
70
a
EF
1992 - ckESpf
1/ pdwaf umif;r&S[ d al om ]]pdwaf umif;}} [k ac:qdx k u
dk af om pdww f u
Ykd kd tusO;f tm;jzifh a&wGujf yí
½kyfjrifoHMum;Munfh½IaepOf t½kyfudkjrifodaompdwfESifh toHudk Mum;odaom pdwfwdkY\trnfudk
ñTejf yyg/
2/ rnfow l pfO;D wpfa,mufrQ rwdu k w f eG ;f &bJ ESpo
f uf0rf;ajrmufpmG qGr;f cHbek ;f bke;f tm; &Scd ;kd OD;csvsuf
&Sdaom uav;i,f\oEÅmefüjzpfEdkifaomukodkvfpdwfudk azmfjyí pHkprf; axmufvSrf;wwfaom
pdwfwdkY\ trnfudkvnf; ñTefjyyg/
3/ jrifjh rwfaomolwYkd &tyfaompdww f uYkd dk tusO;f tm;jzifh a&wGujf yí aumif;jrwfaom tusK;d w&m;
jzpfaompdww f uYkd v
kd nf; rSeu
f efpmG a&wGujf yyg/
1993 - ckESpf
1/ oN*KØ [u f sr;f wGif ]y&rwf}[laom pum;\t"dymÜ ,fukd &Si;f vif;a&;om;í pmajzolonf rdr\ d cE¨m
ud,k üf y&rwfppfppfw&m;ESprf nfrQ&o dS nfuv kd nf; pdppfxw k jf ycJyh g/
2/ owå0gwdkY\oEÅmefü rdef;armawGa0rIaMumifhjzpfwwfaom tukodkvfpdwfrsm;udk aumufjyí
tukov kd \ f tusK;d 0dygufjzpfaom pdww f u Ykd v kd nf; a&wGujf ycJyh g/
3/ ,ckaomf bufprkH rG ;f rHa&;wdüYk vlrsK;d jcm;bmom0ifrsm;u tvSLaiGrsm; xnh0f ifjcif;onf rnfonhf
ukodkvfrsKd;jzpfonfudk xkwfjyí umr0p&aombepdwfudkvnf; a0'em? ÓPf? ocFg&tm;jzifh
a0zefjycJyh g/
4/ pdwf (89) yg;wGif psmeab'pdw?f tmvrÁPab'pdw?f r*¾ab'pdww f \Ykd tusO;f o½kyu f kd xkwaf zmfjy
í psmeft*Fgig;yg;&Sad om ukov kd pf smefpw d u f v kd nf; rSeu f efatmifa&;om;cJyh g/
1994 - ckEpS f
1/ 0rf;ajrmufrI aomreóESiw hf uGjzpfaom tukov kd pf w d w f uYkd kd a&wGujf yí t[dwu f ok v 0dyguf
pdwf wdu Yk v kd nf; a0'emab'tm;jzifh odom½Hck jGJ cm;jyyg/
2/ vlBu;D rsm;\vrf;ñTerf u I kd cH,Nl y;D trsm;tusK;d udk arQmu f ;kd vsu?f Edik v f eG u f wå&mvrf;cif;&ef aysmaf ysmf
yg;yg; tvSLcHaeMuaom trsK;d orD;uav;rsm;\oEÅmefüjzpfEikd af ompdwu f kd azmfjyí bk&m;&[EÅm
rsm;üomjzpfaom ½lyg0p&pdww f uYkd v
kd nf; a&wGujf yyg/
3/ r*fayguf zkv d 0f if edAmÁ efjriforl sm;\jzpfqu J ok v kd pf w d w f uYkd kd tusO;f csKyaf zmfjyí avmukw&å m yÍörpsmef
0dygufpw d u f v kd nf; rrSm;atmifa&wGujf yyg/
1995 - ckESpf
1/ tjypf&rdS eS ;f odvsuf olwpfyg;ypön;f udk cd;k ,loül jzpfEikd af ompdww
f uYkd kd jynhpf pkH mG azmfjyí vlwpfa,muf
ü rsufpdESpfvHk;&Sdí ]]pu©K0dnmPfa'G}} [k ac:ygoavm? tb,fudk ]]pu©K0dnmPfa'G}} [k ac:yg
oenf;? ajzqdkyg/
2/ pG,fawmfjrwfapwDwnfaqmuf&mü aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif todÓPf0ifí rnfolrQrwdkufwGef;&bJ
vkyt
f m;'gejyKMuaom yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;\ oEÅmefü jzpfEikd af om pdwu f kd xkwjf yí? aombepdwf tusO;f
(59)yg;udv k nf; odom½krH Q a&wGujf yyg/
GH
a
EF
3/ umrbHktm½HkjyK&m e,fy,fü jzpfwwfaom umrpdwf (54)yg;ukd ]taMumif;pdwf}? ]aMumif;usdK;

vGwpf w
d }f tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;jyí ½lyg0p& yÍörpsmefpwd u
f vkd nf; a0'emab'tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;jyí ½lyg0
p&yÍörpsmefpwd f udvk nf; a0'emab'tm;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
4/ r*fpw
d tf usO;f av;yg;rS tus,Ef pS q f ,fjzpfymG ;vmyHu
k akd zmfjyí? yxrpsmefpw
d f (11)yg; udv
k nf;
rrSm;atmif a&wGujf yyg/
1996 - ckESpf
1/ &yf&mG zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;twGuf vrf;azmufww H m;aqmuf&mü wpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ rwdu k w f eG ;f &bJ
aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f todÓPf,OS u f m yg0ifaqmif&u G af eol\ oEÅmefü jzpfEikd f aompdwu f kd azmfjyí
]wrvGeb f 0qdw k m &Srd &S ydS gavp}[k ,Hrk mS ;awG;awmaeolü jzpfaompdwu f v kd nf; azmfjyyg/
2/ vSyaom yef;wpfyiG u hf kd jrifawG&Y mcPü jzpfaompdwu f akd zmfjyí? umrm0p&aombepdwf (24)yg;
wdw
Yk iG f taMumif;tusKd ;rS vGwaf ompdwu f kd a0'emab'? ÓPab'? ocFg&ab'tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;jyyg/
3/ pdwt f usO;f (89)yg;wdw Yk iG f ]avmurSxu G af jrmufaompdw}f [lonf rnfonfph w d jf zpfygoenf;? wpfck
csi;f a&wGujf yí? ,if;pdwu f kd taMumif;tusKd ;tm;jzifh rrSm;atmif cGjJ cm;jyyg/
1997 - ckESpf
1/ ]pdwfxm;aumif;rGefonf pdwfxm;,kwfnhHonf} [laom avmuoHk;pum;t& pdwftus,fwGif
aumif;rGewf ifw
h ,faom pdww f u
Ykd kd blrad b'enf;tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;ajzqdí k ? umrpdwBf u,
d m (11)yg;
udvk nf; a0'emtm;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
2/ pdwftusOf; (89)yg;wGif ]tocFg&du? oocFg&du}[lí usrf;&if;ü jyqdkrxm;aompdwfrsm;udk
Zmwdab'enf;tm;jzifh odom½Hrk Qa&wGujf yí? ]0ka|m}[laomtrnfu&kd onfh pdwu f v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
3/ avmuD? avmukw&å mpdwt f aygif;ü yxrpsmefpaompdww f Ykd rnfrQp&D MdS uonfukd ocsmF rQ toD;oD;
azmfjyí? psmef\tpdwtf ydik ;f jzpfaom w&m;rsm;um; tb,fwyYkd genf;? ajzqdyk g/
1998 - ckESpf
1/ ]b,folaoao iawrmvQifNyD;a&m}[k tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf olwpfyg;toufudk xufoefpGm
owfavh&o dS \
l oEÅmefüjzpfaompdwu f kd jynfph pkH mG azmfjyí? umrpdwf (54)yg;wdw Yk iG f tocFg&du
pdw?f oocFg&dupdwf ESprf sKd ;vH;k r[kwaf ompdww f Ykd rnfrQp&D o
dS enf;? ta&twGurf Q azmfjyyg/
2/ a&Tw*d akH pwDawmfjrwfBu;D tm; a&Tjym;ouFe;f qufuyfyal Zmf&mü rnforl Q rwdu k w f eG ;f &bJ aysm&f iT f
pGmjzifh yg0ifvLS 'gef;aom uHusKd ;jrifod ynm&So d EÅmefü jzpfEikd af ompdwu
f kd azmfjyí? avmu"mwf
wpfciG üf trSew f u,f&adS om w&m;wdw Yk iG f azmufjyefjcif;oabm&Sad om w&m;ESihf azmufjyefjcif;
oabmr&Sad omw&m;wdu Yk kd cGjJ cm;xkwaf zmfjyyg/
GH
72
a
EF
3/ ]psmef0ifpm;rS vGew
f ifw
h ,f}[kq&kd mü 0ifpm;Edik af om psmefww
Ykd iG f yÍörpsmefpw
d rf sm;udo
k m Zmwdab'
enf;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif;? taMumif;tusKd ;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif; a0zefjyí? bk&m;&[EÅmwdüYk om
jzpfEdkifaom rwifhw,faom pdwftrnfudkvnf; wduspGm azmfjyyg/
1999 - ckESpf
1/ oHCmawmfrsm; <uvmonfukd zl;jrif&aomrdcifu ]om;av; &Scd ;kd &Scd ;kd }[k ajymqdw k u
kd w
f eG ;f rI aMumifh
aysm&f iT pf mG &Scd ;kd aeaom uav;i,f\oEÅmefüjzpfaom ukov kd pf w
d uf kd wduspmG azmfjyí? yOörpsmefpw d f
(23)yg;ü avmuDçavmukw&å m rnfrQp&D o dS nfuv kd nf; ocsmF rQ azmfjyyg/
2/ ]aMumif;usKd ;odjrif ynm&Si}f [k trTr;f wifc&H atmif tbd"r®mynm&Siyf yD t D aombepdwf (30)udk
taMumif;çtusKd ;tm;jzifh odom½krH Q cGjJ cm;jyí? taMumif;pdwu f vkd nf; a0'emtm;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
3/ umrbHük tjzpfrsm;onfh umrpdwf (54)yg;udk Zmwftm;jzifh cGjJ cm;jyí? ukov kd pf w
d t
f us,çf 0dygufpw d f
tus,fwdkY\ ta&twGufudkvnf; ocsFmrQazmfjyyg/
2000 - jynfhESpf
1/ ]oGm;vnf;þpdwf pm;vnf;þpdw}f [lí toH;k rsm;vSaompdwu f kd bHpk w d t f aejzifh cGjJ cm;u &&Srd nfh
trnfrsm;udk azmfjyí? trSew f &m;udk zk;H uG,í f xm;wwfaom arm[rlpw d Ef pS yf g;udk vnf; wpfcck si;f
a&wGujf yyg/
2/ taombepdwf(30)wdkYwGif ]tocFg&du? oocFg&du}[kowfrSwfír&aompdwfwdkYudk odom½HkrQ
azmfjy í? ,if;pdwfwdkYwGif ]aMumif;ç usdK;vGwfpdwf}wdkY rnfrQ&SdonfwdkYudkvnf; a&wGufjyyg/
3/ olwpfyg;ypön;f udk cd;k ,ljcif;ü tjypf&rdS eS ;f rodí rdrb d mom aysm&f iT pf mG cd;k rIveG u f sL;ol\ oEÅmefü
jzpfaom tukov kd pf w
d u f kd jynfph w
kH u
d spmG azmfjyí? pdwtf us,f (121)yg;udv k nf; Zmwdab'enf;t&
a0zefjyyg/
2001 - ckESpf
1/ ]&ifxJrSm 'Gd[pdwfawGeJY}[laompum;ü 'Gd[pdwf[lonf tb,fpdwfudkac:ygoenf;? ajzqdkí
tukov kd f pdwf (12)yg;udvk nf; a0'emtm;jzifh odom½Hrk Q cGjJ cm;jyyg/
2/ vQmwpfcw k nf;&Syd gvsuf tb,faMumifh ]Zd0mS 0dnmPfa'G}ac:&onfukd ajzqdí k t[dwpf w d f (18)yg;
udv k nf; Zmwdab'tm;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
3/ tdrk if;rpGr;f jzpfaeaom bd;k bGm;rsm;\ udpBö u;D i,fukd rdrtd odpw d jf zifh aysm&f iT pf mG ulnD aqmif&u G f
ay;aeaom vli,fwpfOD;\ oEÅmefü jzpfay:aeaom ukodkvfpdwfudk jynfhpHkwduspGm azmfjyí
yxrpsmefüyg0ifaom psmeft*Fg (5)yg;udv k nf; ajzqdyk g/
4/ avmukwå&mpdwf tusOf;(8)yg;rS tus,f(40)jzpfyGm;vm&yHkudk ajzqdkí pdwftus,f (121)yg;
udv k nf; taMumif;pdw?f tusKd ;pdw?f aMumif;usK;d vGwpf w d tf m;jzifh ocsmF rQazmfjyyg/
GH
a
EF
cufqpft"dymÜ ,f tESpcf sKyf

1/ or®morÁK'¨ razmufrjyef ud,
k af wmfwikd o
f ad wmfrjl cif;/
2/ Ak'¨ odjcif;? odol/
3/ tbd"r®wo
¬ *F[H tbd"r®ma'oemawmfukd tusO;f csK;H í vGeu
f x
J ;l jrwfaom
w&m;awmf\teuft"dygÜ ,f tESpcf sKy/f
4/ yapöuAk'g¨ oD;jcm;bk&m;&Sif (bk&m;i,f)? orÁK'/¨
5/ twkv wkv twkr&So
d El iS w
hf o
l nf/
6/ 0dwmå &e, tao;pdwt
f us,0f ef;qH;k enf;/
7/ oacFye, tusO;f enf;/
8/ emwd0w
d må & - emwdoacFye, rusO;f rus,ef nf;/
9/ tbd omvGefaom? xl;qef;aom/
10/ "r®m w&m;/
11/ ynwåd txl;xl;tjym;jym;tm;jzifh odapjcif;/
12/ y&rw¬ jrwfaom (0g) razmufrjyef rSeu
f efaom (0g) tcsKyyf "me
jzpfaom teufoabm/
13/ y[mwAÁ y,f&rnfw
h &m;/
14/ w'*Fy[mef tcdu
k t
f wefyY ,fjcif;/
15/ 0dur© eÇ y[mef tcsed Mf umMumy,fcmG jcif;/
16/ orkapä'y[mef t<uif;rJyh ,fowfjcif;/
17/ [dwf taMumif;w&m;/
18/ tukov0dygu tukodkvf\tusKd;/
19/ ukov0dygu ukodkvf\tusKd;/
20/ yÍö'gG &m0ZÆe;f pdwf yÍö'gG &ü qifjcifaompdw/f
21/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf raem'Gg&ü qifjcifaompdw/f
22/ [odwyk gÜ 'fpw
d f &,f&iT jf cif;udk jzpfapwwfaompdw/f
23/ umraombepdwf umrbHük wifw
h ,faumif;jrwfaompdw/f
24/ ÓPorÜ,w
k f ÓPfEiS ,
hf OS jf cif;/
25/ ÓP0dy,
Ü w
k f ÓPfEiS rhf ,SOjf cif;/
26/ apawm,kwå pdwüf ,SOo
f nhv
f u©Pm (trSwt
f om;)/
GH
74
a
EF
jrefrm - t*Fvdyfa0g[m&rsm;
1/y&rw¬ Ultimate Reality
2/pdwf Consciousness
3/apwoduf Mental States or Mental Properties
4/½kyf Matter
5/edAmÁ ef Nirvana
6/ynwf Apparent Reality
7/a0'em Feeling
8/a0'em (5) yg; The Five Kinds of Feeling
9/aomreó a0'em (+) Mental Pleasurable Feeling
10/a'greó a0'em (>) Mental Unpleasurable Feeling
11/'ku© a0'em ( ) Physical Pain

>
12/okc a0'em ( )
>
Physical Happiness
13/Oayu©ma0'em (-) Indifference, Equanimity or Neutral Feeling
14/oauFw Signs
15/£|m½Hk Pleasurable Object
16/ted|m½Hk Unpleasurable Object
17/£|rZÑwmå ½Hk Neither Pleasurable Object nor Unpleasurable
Object
18/£|azm|AÁm½Hk Tangible Object
19/ted|azm|AÁm½Hk Intangible Object
20/apwodu a0'em Mental Feeling
21/um,du a0'em Physical Feeling
22/pdwüf jzpfaom apwodua0'em Purely Mental Feeling
23/ud,
k üf jzpfaom um,dua0'em Purely Physical Feeling
GH
a
EF
24/pdwt
f usO;f (4) rsK;d The Four Classes of Consciousness
25/umrm0p&pdwf Consciousness Pertaining to the Sensuous -
Sphere
26/½lyg0p&pdwf Consciousness Pertaining to the Form - Sphere
27/t½lyg0p&pdwf Consciousness Pertaining to the Formless -
Sphere
28/avmukw&å mpdwf Supramundane Consciousness
29/umrm0p&pdwf (54) yg; 54 types of Consciousness of the Sensuous -
Sphere
30/tukov
kd pf w
d f (12) yg; The Twelve types of Immoral Consciousness
31/t[dwpf w
d f (18) yg; The Eighteen types of Rootless Consciousness
32/umraombepdwf (24) yg; The Twenty - Four types of Beautiful
Consciousness in the Sensesphere
33/tukov
kd pf w
d f Immoral Consciousness
34/avmbrlpdwf (8) yg; The Eight types of Consciousness Rooted in
Attachment
35/a'gorlpw
d f (2) yg; The Two types of Consciousness Rooted in
Hatred or Illwill
36/arm[rlpw
d f (2) yg; The Two types of Consciousness Rooted in
Delusion or Ignorance
37/aomreóo[*kwf Accompanied with Pleasure
38/Oayu©mo[*kwf Accompanied with Indifference
39/'d|*d worÜ,w
k f Connected with Wrong View
40/'d|*d w0dy,
Ü w
k f Not Connected with Wrong View
41/tocFg&du Unprompted
GH
76
a
EF
42/ oocFg&du Prompted
43/ a'go Aversion or Illwill
44/ a'greóo[*kwyf #dCorÜ,w

k f Accompanied with Displeasure, and Connected
with Illwill
45/ arm[ Ignorance
46/ Oayu©mo[*kw0f pd u
d pd mä orÜ,w
k f Accompanied with Indifference, and Connected
with Doubts
47/ Oayu©mo[*kwOf '¨po

ö rÜ,w
k f Accompanied with Indifference, and Connected
with Restlessness
48/ taMumif;w&m; Cause or Causal Condition or Root - Condition
49/ tukodkvf[dwf Unwholesome Root
50/ ukodkvf[dwf Wholesome Root
51/ tukov0dygufpw
d f Immoral or Unwholesome Resultant
Consciousness
52/ t[dwu
f o
k v0dygufpw
d f Moral or Wholesome Resultant Consciousness
without - Hetu
53/ t[dwBf u,
d mpdwf Functional Consciousness without Hetu or
Rootless Functional Consciousness
54/ pu©K0n
d mPf Eye - Consciousness
55/ aomw0dnmPf Ear - Consciousness
56/ Cme0dnmPf Nose - Consciousness
57/ Zd0gS 0dnmPf Tongue - Consciousness
58/ um,0dnmPf Body - Consciousness
59/ orÜ#pd Kdä i;f pdwf Receiving Consciousness

GH
77
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
EF
60/ oEÅ&D Ppdwf Investigating Consciousness
61/ yÍö'gG &m0ZÆe;f pdwf Five Sense - door Adverting Consciousness
62/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf Mind - door Adverting Consciousness
63/ [odwyk gÜ 'fpw

d f Smile - Producing Consciousness
64/ r[mukodkvfpdwf (8) yg; Eight types of Moral Consciousness or
Great Moral Consciousness
65/ r[m0dygufpw
d f Eight types of Resultant Consciousness or
Great Resultant Consciousness
66/ r[mBu,
d mpdwf Eight types of Functional Consciousness or
Great Functional Consciousness
67/ ½lyg0p&pdwf (15) yg; 15, Form - sphere Consciousness
68/ ½lyg0p&ukov
kd pf w
d f (5) yg; Form - sphere Moral Consciousness - 5
69/ ½lyg0p&0dygufpw
d f (5) yg; Form - sphere Resultant Consciousness - 5
70/ ½lyg0p&Bu,
d mpdwf (5) yg; Form - sphere Functional Consciousness - 5
71/ psmeft*Fg (5) yg; The Five Factors of Jhana
72/ 0dwuf The Initial
73/ 0dpm& Sustained Application
74/ yDwd Joy or Pleasurable Interest
75/ okc Bliss or Happiness
76/ {u*¾wm One - Pointedness or Concentration
77/ yxrpsmef First Jhana
78/ 'kw,
d psmef Second Jhana
79/ wwd,psmef Third Jhana
80/ pwkwp¬ smef Forth Jhana

GH
78
a
EF
81/ yÍörpsmef Fifth Jhana
82/ t½lyg0p&pdwf (12) yg; 12, Formless - Sphere Consciousness
83/ t½lyg0p& ukov

kd pf w
d f (4) yg; Formless - Sphere Moral Consciousness
84/ t½lyg0p& 0dygufpw

d f (4) yg; Formless - Sphere Resultant Consciousness
85/ t½lyg0p& Bu,

d mpdwf (4) yg; Formless - Sphere Functional Consciousness
86/ tmumomeÍöm,weukov
kd pf w
d f Akasanancayatana Moral Consciousness
87/ 0dnmPÍöm,weukov
kd pf w
d f Vinnanancayatana Moral Consciousness
88/ tmudÍn
ö m,weukov
kd pf w
d f Akicnannayatana Moral Consciousness
89/ ae0onmemonm,we Neva - Sanna n' sannayatana Moral
ukov
kd pf w
d f Consciousness
90/ avmukw&å mpdwf Supramundane Consciousness
91/ avmukwå&mukodkvfpdwf (4) yg; Moral Supramundane Consciousness
92/ aomwmywård *fpw

d f Sotapatti Path - Consciousness
93/ ou'g*grdr*f Sakadagami Path - Consciousness
94/ tem*grdr*f Anagami Path - Consciousness
95/ t&[wår*f Arahatta Path - Consciousness
96/ zdv
k pf w
d f (4) yg; Resultant Supramundane Consciousness
97/ aomwmywåzd v
kd pf w
d f Sotapatti Fruit - Consciousness
98/ ou'g*grdzv
kd pf w
d f Sakadagami Fruit - Consciousness
99/ tem*grdzv
kd pf w
d f Anagami Fruit - Consciousness
100/ t&[wåzv
kd pf w
d f Arahatta Fruit - Consciousness
H H H H H H H
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
tbd"r®m (yxrqifh)
apwoduyf ikd ;f rSwpf k
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
a
GH
a
EF
c apwoduyf ikd ;f c
c
]apwodu}f [k jrefrmvdk a&;xH;k jyKaom a0g[m& pum;onf ygVo d '´g apwodu udk jrefrmrIjyK
xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
(1) pdwfürSDwG,f? pdwfudkjc,fvS,faom oabmw&m;? (2) {ukyÜg'paom vu©Pm 4-yg;ESifh
jynfph íkH ? pdwüf ,SOv f sujf zpfMuaom 'dGynmo (52) yg;aom "r®moabmw&m; wduYk kd apwodu[ f k
ac:qo kd nf/
c capwoduf vu©Pm (4) yg;c
(jzpf? csKy?f rS?D tm wlav;jzm t*Fg,OS ef rd w
d )f
(1) {ukygÜ ' = pdwEf iS hf twljzpfjcif;? (jzpf)
(2) {ueda&m" = pdwEf iS hf twlcsKyjf cif;? (csKy)f
(3) {u0w¬Ku = pdwEf iS hf rS&D mwljcif;? (rS)D
(4) {umvrÁP = pdwEf iS hf tm½Hw k jl cif;? (tm)
apwoduf(52)yg;
pOf apwodufpk apwodufpktcGJ apwodufrsm;
(u) oAÁpw
d o
å m"m&Papwoduf
7- yg;
(1) tnormef;apwodupf k
13 - yg; ( c ) yudP;f apwoduf 6-yg;
(u) oAÁguo
k vom"m&P(od)Yk
armpwkuaf pwoduf 4 - yg;
(2 ) tukov kd f apwoduf pk ( c ) avmBwd apwoduf 3-yg;
14 - yg;
( * ) a'gpwkuf apwoduf 4-yg;
(C) qH;k Bwd apwoduf 3-yg;
(u) aombeom"m&Papwoduf
19 - yg;
(3) aombeapwoduf pk ( c ) 0d&wD apwoduf 3 - yg;
25- yg; ( * ) tyÜrnm apwoduf 2 - yg;
(C) yndaÈ´ apwoduf 1 - yg;
pkpak ygif; 52 - yg;
GH
80
a
EF
ctnormef;apwoduf 13-yg;c
c
1/ tnormef;apwoduf 13-yg; qdo k nfrmS aombepdwrf sm;ESijhf zpfap taombepdwrf sm;
ESijhf zpfap ,SOw
f GJEikd af om ESpb
f uf&apwodurf sm;jzpfonf/
tnormef;apwoduf (13)yg;wdkYudk pdwfESifh,SOfwGJ&mwGif rwlnDaomaMumifh atmufyg
twdik ;f (2)rsK;d xyfcGJEikd o
f nf/
(u) oAÁpw d å om"m&P apwoduf (7)yg; (c) yudP;f apwoduf (6)yg;wdU k jzpfonf/
(u) oAÁpdwå om"m&P apwoduf (7) yg;onf tvHk;pHkaom pdwfwdkUESifh ,SOfEdkifaom

apwodufrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh oAÁpdwå om"m&P apwodufrsm;[k ac:onf/
1/ zó - tm½HkudkawGUxdjcif;oabm? - csOo
f ;D pm;onfujdkrifívQm&nfusjcif;ESihf
wl\/
2/ a0'em - tm½Hk\t&omudkcHpm;jcif;oabm? - aumif;jrwfaom abmZOft&omudk
cHpm;aeaom &Sibf &k ifEiS w
fh \
l /
3/ onm - tm½HkudkrSwfom;jcif;oabm? - Adokumq&m\ cJtrSwftom;jyKjcif;

ESifh wl\/
onmç ynmç owd txl;
* onm onf rSwrf jd cif; oabmjzpf\/
* ynm onf xd;k xGi;f í odjcif; oabmjzpf\/
* owd onf rSwo
f m;xm;onfukd jyefvnf atmufarhjcif;oabmjzpf\/
pmusufí jrefjref&jcif;oabmonf ]onm}aumif;jcif;jzpf\/ tusOf;ajymvQif tus,fodjrif
wwfjcif;? wpfxGmjyvQif wpfawmifjrifwwfjcif;wdrYk mS ynm(ÓPf)aumif;jcif;jzpf\/ awGU BuKH z;l onfwYkd
udk rSwo
f m;Ny;D jyefvnfrarhjcif;oabmonf ]owd}aumif;jcif; jzpf\/
4/ apwem - rdru d , kd w
f idk f rdru
d pd u
ö kd aqmif&Guíf - wynhBf u;D ? vuform;Bu;D ? ppfoBl u;D
(uH ?ocF g &) rdrdESihf,SOfbufw&m;wkdYudkvnf;qdkif&m ESiw fh \
l /
udpöü aqmif&GufMu&efwkdufwGef;EdI;aqmf
jcif; oabm?
GH
a
EF
5/ {u*¾wm - tm½Hkwpfckwnf;üwnfwhHjcif;? - avuG,f&mt&yfüqDrD;vQHwnfNidrfae

wnfMunfjcif;oabm? onfESihfwl\/
6/ Zd0w
d ad È´ - ,SOfbuf (pdwf? apwoduf)emrfw&m; - Mumudkapmihfa&Smufaoma&ESihfwl\/
wku
Yd kd apmihaf &Smufjcif;oabm?
7/ reodum& - pdwüf tm½Hak y:vmatmif ESv;kH oGi;f jcif; - tmZmenfjrif;udk ajzmihrf wfpmG armif;
oabm? ESifaom&xm;xdef;ESihfwl\/
reodum& (2) rsKd;txl;

(1) a,medaomreodum& = a,medaom = oifah om taMumif;jzifh + reodum& = ESv;kH oGi;f jcif;
(oifjh rwfaom ESv;kH oGi;f vdrm® rIjzpfonf/)
(2) ta,medaomreodum& = ESv;kH oGi;f raumif;jcif;jzpf\/
xdrk eodum& (2)rsK;d onf reodum& apwodurf [kw/f w&m;ud, k rf mS yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆe;f ESihf raem'Gg&m
0ZÆef; pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/ okdY&mwGif ]reodum&apwoduf}rygbJ xkdpdwfrsm;rjzpfEdkifojzifh ]a,medaom
reodum&} udk ynmESi, hf OS af om ]reodum&apwodu}f / ]ta,medaom reodum&}udk arm[ESi, hf OS f
aom ]reodum& apwoduf}[k aumuf,l\/
( c ) yPdPf;apwoduf 6-yg;
(tcsKdUaompdwfwkdYESihf[kdwpfcsKdUonfwpfcsKdU a&ma&m>yrf;>yrf; ,SOfEkdifaomapwoduf)
1/ 0dwuf -,SOfbufw&m;wdkYudk tm½HkodkYwifay; - acgi;f avmif;xk;d aomtcg a&S;OD;pGm
jcif;oabm? xGufay:vmaom toHESihfwl\/
2/ 0dpm& -tm½HkudkoHk;oyfjcif;? (xyfíxyfí) - acgi;f avmif;xk;d aomtcg qufíxGuaf y:
,ljcif;oabm? vmaom aMu;nD;oHESihfwl\/
3/ t"darmu© -tm½HkudkqHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;oabm? - w&m;olBuD;ESihfwl\/
4/ 0D&d, -orÜ,kwfw&m;wkdYudk axmufyHhcdkifap - tdrftkdudkaxmufuefaom usm;wkdifESifh
jcif;oabm? wl\/
5/ yDwd -tm½HkudkESpfoufjcif;oabm? - a&qmaecku
d af &udjkrifaomuEÅm&c&D;onfEiS f h
wl\/
GH
82
a
EF
yDwd (5)rsK;d
(1) ck'úmyDwd = Muufo;D arG;n§i;f x½Hrk Q tenf;i,f ESpo
f ufr/I
(2) cPdumyDwd = vQypf pfjyufouJo
h Ykd cPcPjzpfaom ESpo
f ufr?I
(3) MouúEÅdumyDwd = wpfudk,fvHk; tvdyfvdyfxí ESpfoufrI
(4) OaAÁ*g yDwd = udk,ftxufajrmufatmif ESpfoufrI
(5) z&Pm yDwd = Mum&Snpf Gm wpfu,
kd v
f ;kH ysEUH íHYS ]*Gr;f qDx}d ouJo
h Ydk jzpfaom ESpo
f ufrI
6/ qE´ - tm½Hkudkvkdvm;awmihfwjcif;oabm? - wpfpw
kH pfcu
k ,
kd &l efvufvrS ;f aeolEiS w
hf \
l /
qE´ç avmbtxl;
vSL'ge;f pGeBYf uJ&ef &nf&G,íf Opömud&k mS azGaomf (wG,w
f mrIuif;aomaMumif)h qE´rnf\/
rdrdudk,fusKd;twGufom&nf&G,fí Opömudk&SmazGaomf (wG,fwmrIruif;í) ]avmb}rnf\/
yDwdESifhokcwdkY\ xl;jcm;csuf
yDwo
d nf yudP;f apwodupf w k Gif yg0ifaom yDwad pwoduf jzpfí tm½Hu k kd ESpo
f ufjcif;
oabm&Sdonf/
okconf oAÁpw d o
å m"m&Papwodupf w k Gif yg0ifaom a0'emapwodujf zpfNy;D aumif;
aomtm½Hk\ t&omudk cHpm;jcif;oabm&Sdonf/
aumif;aom tm½Hu k kd a&S;OD;pGm&onft h cg ]yDw}d \ oabmonf ydrk x kd if&mS ;onf/ uEÅm&
c&D;oGm;aeolonf yifyef;EGrf;e,fí a&qmavmifrGwfodyfaecdkuf Munfvifaom a&tdkifudk awGU jrif&
onfhtcg ESpfouf&Tifvef;yDwdjzpf\/
&tyfNy;D aom tm½H\ k t&omudkd cHpm;&jcif;ürl okc\ oabmonf ydrk akd y:vGif xif&mS ;\/
a&rGwo f yd af eaom xdck &D;oGm;a,mufsm;onf a&tdik rf S a&udk w0aomufvu kd Nf y;D aomtcg csr;f omjcif;
udk cHpm;&ouJhokdYjzpfonf/
GH
a
EF
kd af pwoduf 14-yg; c
c tukov
c
2/ tukov k nfrmS rvdr®maom? tjypfEiS w
kd af pwoduf 14 - yg;qdo fh uGjzpfaom? raumif;
aomtusKd;udkay;aomapwoduf [k t"dymÜ ,f&\ dS /
(u) oAÁmukov om"m&P apwoduf (od)Yk armpwkuaf pwoduf 4 - yg;
( c ) avmBwad pwoduf 3 - yg;
( * ) a'gpwkuf apwoduf 4 -yg;
(C) qH;k Bwad pwoduf 3 -yg; [lí ponfjzifh cGjJ cm;Edik o
f nf/
(u) oAÁmukovom"m&P apwoduf (od)Yk tukovom"m&P 4-yg;(armpwkuf 4 yg;)

1/ arm[ -tm½H\
k oabmtrSeu
f zkd ;kH uG,jf cif; - vuG,?f oef;acgi?f rk;d arSmif? awmtky[ f l
oabm? aomt*Fg 4-yg; &So d nht f rku d f tarSmifEiS hf
wl\/
2/ t[d&du -raumif;rI'pk ½ku d rf S r&Sujf cif;oabm? - rpifpm;&efr&Suaf om &Gm0ufEiS w fh \ l /
3/ taemwåyÜ -raumif;rI'pk ½ku d rf S raMumufvefjY cif; - rD;vQu H w kd ;dk onhf yk;d zvHrsK;d ESiw
fh \
l /
oabm?
4/ O'¨pö -ysv
UH iG jfh cif;oabm? - ysv
UH iG wfh ufaeaom jymrIerYf sm;ESiw fh \l /
( c ) avmBwad pwoduf 3-yg;
1/ avmb -avmuDtm½Hu k mr*kPwf üYkd uyfNi?d - arsmufEaJS p;ESiw

fh \
l /
wyfruf? vkcd sio
f nho
f abm?
avmbapwodu\
f emrnfurJG sm;
avmbapwoduof nf tukovkd yf ikd ;f qdik &f mwGif pGr;f aqmifonfh oabmowåud v dk u
kd íf emrnf
trsK;d rsK;d &S\
d /
f ykd if wPSm? tbdZÑm? &m*? umr? tmom? eduEÅ?d tmv,?
avmbapwoduu
tmo*F? tEko,? udavom? oHa,mZOf? ork',opöm ponfjzifh ac:qo kd nf/
2/ 'd|d -rSm;rSm;,Gi;f ,Gi;f odjrifjcif;? - rsuaf phvnfvrf;rSm;olEiS w

fh \
l /
(t,lrmS ;jcif;) oabm?
'd|Ó
d Pftxl;
'd|o
d nf [kwrf eS af om oabmtrSeu
f pkd eG íYf trSm;jrifwwfonf/ ÓPfonf tm½Hu
k [
kd w
k rf eS af om
tm;jzifh od\/
GH
84
a
EF
(1) ew¬u
d 'd|d = ukov kd u f jkd zpfap? tukov dk u f jkd zpfap jyKvyk af omfvnf; tusK;d r&S[d k rSm;,Gi;f aom
tjrifrmS ;rIjzpfonf/ ]tusK;d udyk ,faom tjrifrmS ; t,lrmS ;} jzpf\/
(2) ta[wku'd|d = twdwu f jyKcahJ om ukov kd u f çH tukov kd u
f u H dk r,HMk unfaom tjrifrmS ;rIjzpfonf/
]taMumif;udk ypfy,faom tjrifrmS ; t,lrmS ;}jzpf\/
(3) tud&, d 'd|d = taMumif;ç tusK;d ukd ypfy,faom tjrifrmS ;ç t,lrmS ;jzpf\/
(4) oów'd|d = twå0n d mOfaumifonf wpfb0rS wpfb0odYk ajymif;í NraJ eonf[k tjrifrmS ;
jcif; jzpfonf/
(5) Oapä''d|d = aemufb0r&Sd oHo&mr&S[ d k wpfb0ü jywfonf[k tjrifrmS ;jcif;jzpfonf/
(6) ouúm,'d|d = ½kyef mrf (2)yg;udk igch E¨mud, k [ f íl tjrifrmS ;jcif;oabmjzpf\/
3/ rme -axmifvmT ;wuf<ujcif;oabm? - wHceG rf eS u

f if;wkEYd iS t
hf vm;wl\/
rmef (3) rsK;d
(1) Zmwdrmef = rsK;d ½d;k ZmwdaMumifh rmefwufjcif;/
(2) *kPrmef = ynmç oDvç *kPaf Mumihf rmefwufjcif;/
(3) yknrmef = bke;f uHBu;D rm;í rmefwufjcif;/
rmef (9)rsK;d
(1) ao,srmef = jrwfojl zpfí jrwfo[ l k xifaomrmef/ (iguolwx dYk ufomw,f/)
(2) o'd,rmef = tv,ftvwfwef;pm;jzpfí xifaomrmef/ (igeo YJ el b YJ mxl;vJ? twlwyl /J )
(3) [Dermef = ,kwo f jl zpfí ,kwo f [ l k xifaomrmef/ (olaU vmufrvSawmhaum
bmta&;pdu k &f rSmvJponf)
,kwçf vwfç jrwf[íl yk*K¾d vf (3)rsK;d &S&d m yk*K¾d vw f pfrsK;d wpfrsK;d vQif rme (3)rsK;d &S&d m yk*K¾d vw
f pfrsK;d wpfrsK;d
vQif rme (3)rsK;d jzpfEikd íf ]t,kwçf tvwfç tjrwf ydik ;f jcm;? oH;k yg;wdik ;f wnf?h ud;k ckrnfjzif?h &Snpf mG cavmuf?
rd;k &Sd ajrmufom;} [laom pmqdEk iS t hf nD rmef (9)rsK;d &So d nf/
( * ) a'gpwkuf apwoduf 4-yg;

1/ a'go -cufxef? Murf;wrf;jcif;oabm? - wkwjf zih½f u
dk cf wftyfaoma>ra[mufEiS w
hf \
l //
tmCmw0w¬K (10) yg; (&efNiKd ; 10 yg;)
(1) rdr\
d pD;yGm;rJ?h (2) rdrcd spcf ifo\
l pD;yGm;rJ?h (3) rdrrd ek ;f ol\ tusK;d pD;yGm; ? 3-rsK;d udk (1)a&S;ujyKczhJ ;l jcif;
twdw?f (2),ckjyKaejcif;ypöKyeÜ f (3)aemifvnf; jyKayOD;rnft h em*wf[íl umv 3-yg;ESihf ajrmufymG ;vQif
&efNiKd ; 9 -yg;&\/
cvkwfwdkufrdjcif; ponfjzifh t&mr[kwfonfü pdwfqkd;jcif; ]t|meaumy}xnfhaygif;vQif
tmCmw0w¬K (10)yg;&\/
GH
a
EF
yyÍöw&m; (3)yg;
yyÍöw&m;qkdonfrSm tus,fcsJUaomw&m;[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
]avmbç 'd|dç rme} [laom avmbapwoduf tkyfpk (3)yg;wdkYonf csJUxGifwwfaom w&m;qdk;
rsm;jzpf\/ ]avmb}oabmonf ]&avvdkav tdkwapä}[laom qdk½dk;twkdif; rnfonfhtcgrQ tvdkr
jynhEf ikd /f t,l0g'trSm;rsm;onfvnf; vdu k íf rqH;k Edik af tmif aygrsm;aeí oHo&mudck sJ\ U / rmeqdo
k nfrmS
vnf; tjcm;vlrsm;vkyfí&vQif ]igvnf;jzpf&rnf}[lí avmbe,fcsJUoavmuf rmeuvnf; avmb
aemufvdkufí e,fcsJU\/
t|meaumy rSwpfyg; usef (9)yg;onf ouf&o dS wå0gukd tm½Hjk yKíjzpfaomaMumifh ur®yxajrmuf\/
]t|meaumy}rSmrl rd;k ç aeç av ponfh oufrJh ocFg&w&m;rsm;udk trsux f Guíf ur®yx rajrmuf/
ur®yxajrmufaom tukov kd u
f o
H nf tyg,b f w kH üYkd y#doaE¨tusK;d udak y;\/ ur®yxrajrmufaom
tukokdvfuHjzpfrl y0wådtusKd;udkomay;Edkif\/
a'goapwoduf emrnfuGJrsm;
a'go apwodufonf tukodkvfydkif;qkdif&mwGif pGrf;aqmifEdkifonfh oabmowådukd vdkufí -
]] tmCmwç y#dCç aumyç a'goç Asmyg'}} [lí emrnfx;l rsm;vnf;&S\ d /
2/ £óm -olwpfyg;\ &mxl;*kPo f ed ?f pnf;pdrOf pöm csr;f om? ynmudk remvkjd cif;oabm?
(A[d'j¨ yifyudo k m tm½Hjk yK\)
rD;vQEH iS wfh \ l /
3/ rpä&d, -ud, k phf nf;pdru f kd 0efwjdk cif;oabm? ESajrmjcif;oabm?
(tZöswu å , kd üf jzpfaom ½kyt f qif; twwfynm ponfwEYkd iS hf A[d't ¨ m0go ponf
wduYk kd tm½Hjk yK\)
cg;pyfaomt&omESiw fh \ l /
rpä&d, (5) rsKd;
(ukvç vmbç tm0goç 0PÖç "r®)
(1) ukvrpä&d, = aqGrsK;d ç Ówdç 'um 'umrrsm;wdüYk 0efwrkd /I
(2) vmbrpä&d, = ypön;f Opömç vmbfvmbwdüYk 0efwrkd /I
(3) tm0gorpä&d, = ausmif;uefwu kd w
f mç ae&mxdik cf if;wdüYk 0efwrdk /I
(4) 0PÖrpä&, d = ½ky&f nftqif;ç *kPo f wif;wdüYk 0efwrkd /I
(5) "r®rpä&,
d = rdrdwwfodxm;aom "r®twwfynmwdkYü 0efwdkrI/
4/ ukuúKpö -'kp½dkufukdjyKrdNyD;rSvnf;aumif;? - uRefrESihfwl\/
okp½kdufudkrjyKrdívnf;aumif;?
aemifw wpfzefyyl efjcif;oabm?
GH
86
a
EF
(C) qHk;Bwdapwoduf 3-yg;

1/ xde -pdwf\xkdif;rdIif;jcif;oabm? - 0D&,
d uif;rJh ysi;f &daeolEiS w
fh \ l /
2/ rd'¨ -apwoduf\ xkdif;rdIif;jcif;oabm? - emvefx vlrrmESifhwl\/
3/ 0dpu d pd mä -&wem 3-yg;ESifh uH? uH\tusK;d - vrf;ESpcf Gü a&mufaeolEiS w fh \l /
ponfrsm;ü ,Hrk mS ;jcif;oabm?
&[EÅmrsm; usdef;pufjcif;
&[EÅmyk*K¾d vrf sm;onf tdycf sed w
f efaomtcg cE¨mud, k rf &Tiv
f ef; n§Kd ;EGr;f ojzifh xdx
k t
kd m½Hrk S qkwef pf
Ny;D vQif used ;f puf\/ a&StU zdYk aemuftzdüYk xde? rd'r¨ yg/
tcsdefusí nd§K;EGrf;rI[lonf cE¨mudk,füomru A[d'öpfyifrsm;üvnf; naecsrf;tcsdefusu
ndK§ ;EGr;f wGe½Yf íUHI tdyo
f uJo
h Ykd jzpf\/
avmuü tdyjf cif;[lonf oGm;vmvIy&f mS ;cE¨mud, k n
f K§d ;EGr;f jcif;aMumifvh nf;jzpf\/ xde? rd'¨ twGuf
aMumifv
h nf;jzpf\/ ykxZk Ofç aou©wüYkd um; ESpyf g;vH;k aMumifh xdu k o f vdk jzpfEikd \
f /
caombeapwoduf 25-yg;c
c
3/ aombeapwoduf 25-yg;qdo k nfrmS tjypfr&Sdojzifh wifhw,faomapwodufwdkYudk
]aombeapwoduf} [k ac:qo kd nf/ tjypfuif;pifí aumif;usK;d csr;f omudk ay;aom aombepdwf
aygi;f (25)yg;&S\d / xdak pwoduw Ykd nf taombepdwfrsm;ür,SOfEdkifMu? aombepdwfrsm;
f o
üom ,S O f E d k i f M uonf /
aombeapwoduf 25-yg; udk
(u) aombeom"m&Papwoduf 19-yg;
(c) 0d&wDapwoduf 3-yg;
(*) tyÜrnmapwodu2-yg f ;
(C) yndaÈa´ pwoduf 1-yg; [k (4)pk xyfrcH GJjcm;Edik \
f /
(u) aombeom"m&Papwoduf 19-yg;

(tvHk;pHkaomaombepdwfwkdYESihf ,SOfEkdifaomapwoduf )
1/ o'¨g - rSeuf efaombk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem 3-yg;ESifh uH? uH\tusKd ; ponf
wdkYudk ,HkMunfjcif;oabm?
a&udkMunfapwwfaom ywåjrm;ESihfwl\/
GH
a
EF
o'¨g (4) yg;

(1) tm*ro'¨g = tavmif;awmfrsm;ü jzpfaom o'¨g/
(2) t"d*reo'¨g = r*fzv
dk af Mumifjh zpfaom o'¨g/
(3) MouyÜeo'¨g = rwkefvIyfaom o'¨g/
(4) yom'o'¨g = MunfnKd ½rkH Qaom o'¨g/
2/ owd - bk&m;? w&m;paom ukov

dk Ef iS fh qkid &f mwkuYd kd trSw&f jcif;? rarhavsmjh cif;
oabm? b@mxde;f ? wHcg;rSL;wkEYd iS w fh \
l /
owd (2) yg;
(1) or®mowd = ukodkvfqdkif&m bk&m;ç w&m; paom ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkYudk trSwf&
atmufarhrI/
(2) rdpämowd = tukodkvfqdkif&mwdkYü trSwf&rIç owdtwk/
3/ [d&D - raumif;rI'kp½kdufjyK&rnfukd&Sufjcif;-trsKd;aumif;orD;ysKdESihfwl\/
oabm?
[d&D (4) rsKd;
(1) Zmwd[d&D = rsK;d ½d;k Zmwd *kPu f pkd GJí &Sujf cif;/
(2) 0,[d&D = t&G,*f P k uf kd pGJí &Sujf cif;/
(3) ol&[d&D = rdr\ d &J&ifrh I *kPu f pdk GJí &Sujf cif;/
(4) Am[kópö[d&D = tMum;tjrifrsm;aom *kPu f pkd GJí &Sujf cif;/
4/ MowåyÜ - raumif;rI'kp½kdufjyK&rnfudkaMumufvefYjcif;oabm?
(udk,f0ef&Sdrnfudk aMumufvefYaom jynhfwefqmrESihfwl\/)
GH
88
a
EF
MowåyÜ (4) rsKd;
(1) twåmEk0g'MowåyÜ = rdru

d ,
dk rf rd pd Gypf GJrnfah b;rS aMumufjcif;/
(2) y&mEk0g'MowåyÜ = olwpfyg;pGypf GJrnfah b;rS aMumufjcif;/
(3) '@MowåyÜ = tjypfay;'PfrS aMumufjcif;/
(4) 'k*¾wdMowåyÜ = tyg,af b;rS aMumufjcif;/
5/ tavmb - avmuDtm½Hu
k mr*kPw
f u
Ydk kd rvkcd si?f -udavomukeNf y;D aom &[EÅmESiw
fh \
l /
(rwyfruf? rpHrk ufjcif;oabm?)
avmuygv w&m; (2) yg;
avmuygvqdo k nfrmS avmuBu;D udak pmihx f ed ;f xm;aom w&m;jzpfonf/ ][d&ED iS hf Mowåy}Ü
apwoduw f &m; (2)yg;udk ]avmuygvw&m; (2)yg;} [kac:qo dk nf/
xdw
k &m; (2)yg;onf vlEiS hf wd&pämefujJG ym;atmif xde;f xm;aom w&m;jzpfonf/ [d&çD MowåyçÜ
t&SuftaMumufr&SdygvQif avmuBuD; ysufpD;Edkif\/ avmuBuD; redrfh&efç jrifhjrwf&efç om,m&ef
xdak vmuygvw&m; (2)yg;u xde;f ausmif;xm;\/
6/ ta'go - rcufxef? rMurf;wrf;jcif;oabm?

(arwåmvnf;rnf\) rdwaf qGaumif;ESiw
fh \
l /
arwåm (3) yg;
(1) um,uHarwåm = um,uHrjI zifh trsm;tusK;d aqmif&Gurf o I nf um,uHarwåm/
(2) 0pDuHarwåm = 0pDurH jI zifh trsm;tusK;d aqmif&Gurf o
I nf 0pDuaH rwåm/
(3) raemuHarwåm = raemuHrjI zifh trsm;tusK;d aqmif&Gurf oI nf raemuHarwåm/
7/ wMwrZÑwwå m -pdw?f apwoduw f u Ydk kd rdrw

d u
Ydk pd üö tydt
k vGerf &Sad p&ef? tv,ftvwfr,kwf
rvGerf Qwap&efwnfrh wfay; jcif;oabm?
(Oayu©m) (jrif;udak rmif;ESiaf om&xm;xde;f ESiw fh \
l /)
8/ um,yó'¨d -apwoduftaygif;\ Nidrf;at;jcif;oabm? - at;jraoma&jyifü ypfcstyf
9/ pdwåyó'¨d -pdwf\Nidrf;at;jcif;oabm? aom ig;ESiw
fh \
l /
GH
a
EF
10/ um,v[kwm -apwodut f aygi;f \ vsijf refaygyh g;

jcif;oabm? - at;jraoma&jyifü ypfcstyf
11/ pdwåv[kwm - pdw\f vsijf refaygyh g;jcif;oabm? aom y'krm® Mumyef;ESiw
fh \
l /
12/ um,rk'kwm - apwoduftaygif;\El;nHhjcif;oabm? cspv

f pS mG aomaqGrsK;d wdYktv,foYkd
-
13/ pdwårk'kwm - pdwf\El;nHhjcif;oabm? a&mufonhpf pfoBl u;D ESiw fh \
l /
14/ um,ur®nwm - apwoduftaygif;\ukodkvfaumif;rI

ücefnY m;jcif;? vko
d vk&d jcif;oabm? - e,ftyfNy;D aomom;a&ESiw fh \
l /
15/ pdwåur®nwm - pdwf\ukokdvfaumif;rIü cefYnm;jcif;?
vkdovkd&jcif;oabm?
16/ um,yg*knwm - apwoduftaygif;\ukodkvfaumif;rIü
>yrf;wD;avhvm uRrf;usifjcif;oabm? eufvpS Gma&ü ypfcsxm;tyf
-
17/ pdwåyg*knwm - pdwf\ukodkvfaumif;rIü >yrf;wD; aom rdacsmif;ESiw
fh \
l /
avhvmuRrf;usifjcif;oabm?
(usef;rmjcif;oabm)
18/ um,kZu k wm - apwodut f aygi;f \ ajzmihrf wfjcif;
oabm? -t&ufr;l ajyaomtcg vrf;oGm;
19/ pdwåKZkuwm - pdwf\ajzmihfrwfjcif;oabm? onfEiS w
fh \l /
; rm,m / / rdrüd xif&mS ;&Sad om tjypfukd zH;k vTr;f jcif;/
; omaX,s / / rdrüd r&Sad om aus;Zl;*kPu

f dk cs;D rGr;f ajymqdjk cif;/
( c ) 0d&wDapwoduf 3-yg; (raumif;rI'kp½kduf? 'k&mZD0rsm;rS a&SmifMuOfaomapwoduf)
raumif;rI'pk ½duk f 'k&mZD0wduYk kd jyKcGiBhf uKH vsuf rjyKusib hf J a&SmifMuOfjcif;udk ]0d&wD} [k ac:onf/
'kp½dkufonf um,'kp½dkuf? 0pD'kp½dkuf[k (2)rsKd;&Sd\/ xdk (2)rsKd;vHk;onf toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;ESihf qufoG,af evQif 'k&mZD0 - raumif;aom toufarG;rIrnf\/
1/ or®m0gpm - toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESifh rpyfqidk f - &J&JawmufaeaomoHawGcJudk
aom 0pD'pk ½ku d f 4-yg;rS a&SmifMuOf rudkif0HholESihfwl\/
jcif;oabm?
2/ or®mur®EÅ - toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESifh rpyfqidk f - rpifuyfaeaomoHawGcJudk
aom um,'kp½ku d f 3-yg;rSa&Smif rudkif0HholESihfwl\/
MuOfjcif;oabm?
GH
90
a
EF
3/ or®mtmZD0 - toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESipfh yfqidk f -tqdyo

f ;D udrk pm;0Ho
h El iS w
fh \
l /
aom0pD'pk ½ku d f 4-yg;? u,'kp½ku
d f
3-yg; wkrYd S a&SmifMuOfjcif;oabm?
0d&wDord w
S zf ,
G rf sm;
1/ orkapä'0d&wD = 'kp½du
k 'f &k mZD0\ tEko,"mwfukd t<uif;rJh y,fowfNy;D jzpfaom avmukw&å m
0d&wD/
2/ orÜw0å &d wD = odum© yk'u f kd aqmufwnfrxm;aomfvnf;? usL;vGe&f ef BuKH awGrU S a&SmifMuOfr/I
3/ orm'ge0d&wD = odum© yk'u f dk aqmufwnfwek ;f üjzpfap? aqmufwnfNy;D aemufrjS zpfap? odum© yk'f
aqmufwnfxm;onft h wGuf a&SmifMuOfjcif;/
tvSLtdrpf onfwüYkd tbd"r®mpum; aqG;aEG;jcif;onf tusK;d &Sad om pum;udak jymqdak omaMumifh
okbmodw0gpm jzpf\/ 'kp½du k w
f rYkd S a&SmifMuOfro S mvQif ]0d&wD} jzpfonf/
toufarG;0rf;ausmif; r[kwaf om ygPmwdygw ponfwo Ykd nf 'kp½du k /f toufarG;0rf;ausmif; jzpf
aom ygPmwdygw ponfwo Ykd nf 'k&mZD0/
(avmuD0&d wDwo Ykd nf) owå0gocFg&wku Y d k d tm½Hjk yKí 0pD'pk ½du
k ?f um,'kp½du k wf rYkd S a&SmifMuOf\/
(avmukw&å m 0d&wDwo Ykd nf) edAÁmefukd tm½Hjk yKí xd'k pk ½du k wf u Ykd kd y,fygonf/
(*) tyÜrnmapwoduf 2-yg; (þí þrQ? twkid ;f t½Snyf rmPxm;? owå0gynwfü

tm½Hjk yKaom apwodu)f
1// u½kPm - 'kuwd© owå0gynwfut dk m½Hjk yKí - tema&m*guyfaeaom wpfO;D wnf;
oem;jcif;oabm? aomom;udjk rif&aomrdbESiw fh \
l /
2/ rk'w
d m - okcw d owå0gynwfudk tm½Hjk yKí - t&G,t f qif;ESijfh ynhpf akH om om;orD;udk
0rf;ajrmufjcif;oabm? jrif&aomrdbESiw fh \
l /
u½kPm? rk'w
d m
'kuw d© owå0g ynwfudk tm½Hjk yKí oem;jcif;onf ]u½kPm}jzpf\/ okcw d owå0gynwfukd tm½Hk
jyKí 0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf ]rk'w d m}jzpf\/
rdrEd iS hf eD;pyfaeolwYkd 'kua© &mufaeí pdwyf al erIonf ]oem;rI u½kPm r[kw}f a'greóa0'emom
jzpfonf/ u½kPm tppfum; ukov kd jf zpfí pdwrf npfay/
rdrEd iS hf eD;pyfowl Ykd jynfph akH eyHu
k dk jrif&í 0rf;ajrmufro
I nf ]rk'w
d m} vGeNf y;D ]avmb}jzpfonf/
GH
a
EF
(C) yndaÈa´ pwoduf 1-yg;

1/ yndaÈ´ - txl;xl; tjym;jym;odjcif;ü tpd;k & -trku d t
f arSmifuykd ,fcgG prG ;f Edik o
f nhf qDr;D
jcif; oabm? wefaqmifEiS w
fh \
l /
tarm[? ÓPf? ynm[lívnf; ac:q\ kd /
tod (3)rsK;d
1/ onmod = onmodyrkH mS a&Tukd uav;oli,foo d uJo h w
Ukd nf;/
* oli,ftrsm;? rSwrf v d m;od?Uk trSm;vnf;&S?d trSe&f ídS rSwrf ½d o
kH m; odonfrmS vQi?f
onmwGif\/
2? 0dnmPfod = 0dnmPfoyd rkH mS a&Tukd vlBu;D rsm; odouJo h wYkd nf;/
* 0dnmPwH;k ? pdwo f yd ukH m;? tm½H,
k rl ?I &atmifjyKonf? aomwk rSwzf , G f tcsKyw
f nf;/
3/ ynmod = ynmodyrkH mS a&Tukd yef;wdro f nfoo d uJoh wYkd nf;/
* tpOfyikd ef if;? xd;k xd;k xGi;f vsu?f &Si;f vif;aocsm? odynmwnf;/
c pdwEf iS ahf pwodu,

c kH OS ef nf; c
f OS yf ,
pdwEf iS ahf pwodu,
f OS yf ,
kH OS ef nf;udk jyqdak om enf; (2)enf;&S\
d /
1/ orÜa,m*enf; 2/ o*F[enf;
apwoduu f kd rlwnfí apwoduf toD;oD;ü pdwaf ygi;f rnfrQEiS hf ,SOEf ikd o

f nfukd jyaom enf;udk
]orÜa,m*enf;} [kac:qo dk nf/
c orÜa,m*enf; c
c
apwoduu
f rkd w
l nfí pdwaf ygi;f rnfrQ,OS o
f nfukd jyjcif;
1/ tnormef;apwoduf (13) yg;

pdw ft usOf;(89) tus,f (121)yg;wGi f ,SO fo nf/
(u) oAÁpw
d o
å m"g&P (7)yg; =
pdw ft rsm;qHk;,SO fE dki fa om apwodu f
(c) yudP;f (6)yg; = (a&ma&m>yrf;>yrf;,SO)f
GH
92
a
EF
2/ tukodkvfapwoduf (14)yg;
(u) oAÁguo
k vom"g&P armpwkuf (4) yg; = tukov
kd pf w
d f (12)yg;wGif ,SOo
f nf/
(c) avmBwd (3) yg; = avmb = avmbrlpw d f (8) yg; wGif ,SOyf gonf/
'd|d = avmbrl 'd|*d worÜ,w k f (4)yg;wGif ,SOof nf/
rme = avmbrl 'd|*w0dy, Ü wk f (4) yg;wGif ,SOo
f nf/
(*) a'gpwkuf (4) yg; = a'gorl pdwf (2) yg;wGif ,SOyf gonf/
(C) qH;k Bwd (3) yg; = xde ^ rd'¨ = tukov

kd f oocFg&u
d (5) yg;wGif ,SOo
f nf/
arm[rl 0dpu
d pd mä pdww
f pfyg;wGif ,SOyf gonf/
0dpu
d pd mä =
pdwt
f enf;qH;k ,SOEf ikd af om apwoduf
3/ aombeapwoduf (25) yg;

(u) aombeom"g&P (19)yg; = aombepdwf tusO;f (59) tus,f (91) yg;wGif ,SOyf gonf/
(c) 0d&wD (3) yg; = r[mukov kd pf w

d f (8) yg; + avmukw&å mpdwf (8) yg; = 16 yg;
(&Hcg,OS f ^ &Hcgr,SO)f
(*) tyÜrnm (2) yg; = r[mukov kd pf w

d f (8)yg; + r[mBu,
d mpdwf (8) yg; (28)yg;wGif
+ ½lyg0p& yxrpsmefrS pwkwp¬ smefxd (12) yg; ,SOyf gonf/
(C) yndaÈ´ (1) yg; = umraombe + r[*¾Kwpf w d f + avmukw&å mpdwf

ÓPorÜ,w k pf w
d f (27) yg; (8) yg; = 47yg; (wd[w
d pf w
d )f
12 yg;
GH
a
EF
yudP;f apwoduf wdUk ü pdw,

f OS yf w
kH u
G ef nf;
yudP;f apwoduf (6)yg;wdüYk ,SOaf om pdww
f EYkd iS hf r,SOaf om pdww
f u
Ykd kd wGu&f mü atmufygwYkd
udk rlaousurf wS x
f m;oif\
h /
yudP;f apwoduf (6) yg;ü ,SOaf om pdwEf iS hf MuOf&rnfh pdwrf sm; (rlao)
,SOpf w
d Of ;D a& yudP;f -6yg; MuOf&rnfph w
d f
55 = 0dwuf = a'G;MuOf (a'GyÍö0n d mPf 10 MuOf)
66 = 0dpm& = a'G;MuOf ( / )
78 = t"darmu© = a'G;? 0dMuOf (a'GyÍö0n d mPf 10 ESihf
0dpud pd mä (11)yg;udk MuOf )
73 = 0D&,
d =a'G;? oef aem"mwf tMuOfrw S f (a'GyÍö0n
d mPf
10? oEÅ&D P-3? raem"mwf-3? 16 yg;udMk uOf)
51 = yDwd = aomreó,SO?f usev f ;kH MuOf
69 = qE´ = t[dw?f arm[rla'G;? ukeMf uOfay;(t[dw-f 18
yg;ESihf arm[rl 2 yg;? aygi;f 20 MuOf)
(* þyHak oenf;onf umrpdwf 54 yg;twGuo

f mjzpfygonf)
1/ 0dwuf apwodufESifh pdwf,SOfenf;

pOf ,SOpf w
d f 55 r,SOfpdwf 66
1/ tukov kd pf w
d f 12 1/
2/ a'GyÍö0n
d mPf 10 MuOf 2/ a'GyÍö
t[dwf pdwf 8 0dnmPf 10
3/ umraombepdwf 24 3/
4/ yxrpsmefpdwf 11 4/
5/ 'kw,d psmefpw
d f 11
6/ wwd,psmefpw d f 11
7/ pwkwp¬ smefpwd f 11
8/ yÍörpsmefpw
d f 23
aygif; 55 aygi;f 66
GH
94
a
EF
2/ 0dpm& apwoduf ESifh pdwf,SOfenf;

pOf ,SOpf w
d f 66 r,SOfpdwf 55
1/ tukov kd pf w
d f 12 1/
2/ a'GyÍö0n
d mPf 10 MuOf 2/ a'GyÍö
t[dwf pdwf rS 8 0dnmPf 10
4/ yxrpsmefpdwf 11 4/
5/ 'kw,
d psmefpw d f 11 5/
6/ wwd,psmefpw d f 11
7/ pwkwp¬ smefpw
d f 11
8/ yÍörpsmefpw
d f 23
aygif; 66 aygi;f 55
3/ t"darmu© apwoduf ESifh pdwf,SOfenf;

pOf ,SOpf w d f 78 r,SOfpdwf 11
1/ 0dpu
d pd mä MuOftukov kd pf w
d f 11 1/ 0dpu
d pd mä 1
2/ a'GyÍö0n d mPf 10 MuOf 2/ a'GyÍö
t[dwf pdwf rS 8 0dnmPfpw d f 10
4/ r[*¾Kwpf w d f 27 4/
5/ avmukw&å mpdwf 8 5/
aygif; 78 aygi;f 11
GH
a
EF
4/ 0D&d, apwoduf ESifh pdwf,SOfenf;

pOf ,SOpf w
d f 73 r,SOfpdwf 16
1/ tukov kd pf wd f 12 1/
2/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f + 2/ a'GyÍö 0dnmPf 10
[odwyk gÜ 'pf w
d f 2 - oEÅ&D P 3
- raem"mwf 3
4/ r[*¾Kwpf w
d f 27 4/
5/ avmukw&å mpdwf 8 5/
aygif; 73 aygi;f 16
5/ yDwdESifh pdwf,SOfenf;
pOf ,SOpf w
d f 51 r,SOfpdwf 70
1/ tukov kd af omreóo[*kwpf w
d f 4 1/ a'gorl 2
2/ t[dwaf omreóoEÅ&D Ppdwf 2/ um,0dnmPfa'G 2
[odwyk gÜ 'pf w
d f 2 3/ umrOayu©mo[*kwpf w
d f 32
3/ umraombeaomreóo[*kwpf w d f 12 4/ pwkwp¬ smef 11
4/ y + 'k + w psmef 33 5/ yÍörpsmef 23
aygif; 51 aygi;f 70
6/ qE´ apwoduf ESifh pdwf,SOfenf;

pOf ,SOpf w
d f 69 r,SOfpdwf 20
1/ arm[rla'GMuOf tukov kd pf w
d f 10 1/ arm[rla'G 2
2/ t[dwpf wd f - 2/ t[dwpf w
d f 18
3/ umraombepdwf 24 3/ -
4/ r[*¾Kwpf w
d f 27 4/
5/ avmukwå&mpdwf 8 5/ -
aygif; 69 aygi;f 20
co*F[enf;c
c
EF
GH
pdwuf rkd w
l nfí
96
o*F[enf; =
apwoduaf ygif;rnfrQ ,SOof nfukd jyaomenf;
tukokdvfpdwf (12) yg;
pddwf ,SOaf omapwoduf
tnormef;apwodu(f 13)
avmBu(d 3)yg;
tukodkvfpdwf yg; armpwkuf a'gpwkuf xde^rd'¨ 0dpu
d pd mä
aygif;
(12)yg; (4)yg; avm 'd rm (4)yg; (2)yg; (1)yg;
oAÁ yudP;f
b |d e
avmbrlpdwf(8)yg; t +· 7 6 4 1 1 x x x x 19
o +· 7 6 4 1 1 x x 2 x 21
t + 7 6 4 1 x 1 x x x 19
o + 7 6 4 1 x 1 x 2 x 21
t_· (yDwMduOf) 7 5 4 1 1 x x x x 18
o_· (yDwMduOf) 7 5 4 1 1 x x 2 x 20
t_· (yDwMduOf) 7 5 4 1 x 1 x x x 18
o
_ (yDwMd uOf) 7 5 4 1 x 1 x 2 x 20
a'gorlpdwf (2)yg; t ·
> (yDwdMuOf) 7 5 4 x x x 4 x x 20
o>· (yDwdMuOf) 7 5 4 x x x 4 2 x 22
arm[rlpdwf (2)yg; _ ·0d qE´çyDçt"dMuOf 7 3 4 x x x x x 1 15
_ ·O qE´çyDwdMuOf 7 4 4 x x x x x x 15
rSwcf suf - avmbrlOayu©mo[*kwf pdwfwGif yDwdr,SOf&jcif;rSm avmbrlpdwfü&Sdaom Oayu©ma0'emESifh yudPf;apwodufwGif yg0ifaom
yDwdapwoduf wdkY oabmjcif; qefYusifaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/
- tukokdvf o ocFg&du (5) yg;wGif xde^rd'¨ ,SOfygonf/ (ted,w) a
- 'd|dESifh rmeonf wJGír,SOfyg/
t[dwfpdwf (18) yg;
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
pdwf ESifh apwoduf,SOfyHk ,SOfenf;
tukov0dygupf w
d f 7 7 7 7 7 10 10
<
puf aom Cm Zd um oH P
7 7 7 7 7 10 11 10 a
+
<
t[dwu
f o
k v0dygupf w
d f
puf aom Cm Zd um oH P P
10 11 12
t[dwBf u,
d mpdwf
y r +
[
rSwcf suf
t[dw fpdw f tnormef;apwodu f(13)yg; ,SOfaom
0dwuf
(18yg;) oAÁ (7)yg; yudP f;(6)yg; apwodu faygif;
0dpm& tNr, J OS f
a'GyÍö0dn mPf (10)yg; 7 x 7 yg; t"darmu©
10 10 10 0D&d,
oH 2 P2 y1 7 3 (0D&d, ? yDw d? qE´ MuOf) 10 yg;
yDwd
11 qE´ " t[dwpf w d f (18)yg;wGif
7 4 (0D&d, ? qE´ MuOf) 11 yg;
P1
11
vH;k 0r,SOyf g/
7 4 (yDw d? qE´ MuOf) 11 yg;
r1
12
7 5 (qE´MuOf) 12 yg;
[1
EF
GH
97
EF
GH
98
umraombepdwf (24) yg;
pdwfESifh apwoduf,SOfyHk ,SOfenf;
r[muko dkv fp dw f (8)yg; r[m0dy gufp dw f (8)yg; r[mBud, mpdw f (8)yg;
oAÁ udP f; aom 0d tyÜ ynm oAÁ udP f; aom 0d tyÜ ynm oAÁ udP f; aom 0d tyÜ ynm
pdw f aygif; pdw f aygif; pdw f aygif;
7 6 19 3 2 1 7 6 19 3 2 1 7 6 19 3 2 1
t+· 7 6 19 3 2 1 38
t+· 7 6 19 1
t
33 o +· 7 6 19 2 1 35
o+· o+· x x
+· x
t+ t+ t+
7 6 19 3 2 x 37 7 6 19 x x x 32 o+ 7 6 19 x 2 x 34
o+ o+
t· 7
5(yD)
19 3 2 1 37 t· 7
5(yD)
19 1 32 t· 7
5(yD)
19 2 1 34
o· o· o·
x x x
MuOf MuOf MuOf
5(yD) 5(yD) 5(yD)
t 7 19 3 2 x 36 t 7 19 x x x 31 t 7 19 x 2 x 33
o MuOf o MuOf o MuOf
rSwcf suf
0d&wD (3)yg; = r[mukov
kd pf w
d f (8)yg; (&Hcg,OS ^f tNrJr,SO)f
avmukw&å mpdwf (8)yg; (tNrJ,OS ^f wpfaygi;f wnf;,SO)f
a
avmuDpsmefpdwf (27) yg;
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
pd w f ,S O f a omapwod u f
aygif ;
½l y g0p&pd w f (15) yg; tnormef;apwodu(f 13) yg; ao mb eapw o d u f (25) yg;
psmef uk 0d Bu d
o AÁ
(7)yg;
u dP f;
(6)yg;
ao mb e 0d & w D t yÜ r n m yn d a jE´
(19)yg; (3)yg; (2)yg; (1)yg;
a
yx rpsmef + + + 7 6 19 _ 2 1 35
5
'k w d , psmef + + + 7 0dwufMuOf 19 _ 2 1 34
4
w w d , psmef + + + 7 0dwufMuOf 19 _ 2 1 33
t½l y g0p&pd w f (12) yg;
0dpm&MuOf
3
0dwufMuOf
pw k w ¬ p smef + + + uk 0d Bud 7 0dpm&MuOf 19 _ 2 1 32
yDwdMuOf
3
0dwufMuOf
yÍö r psmef 7 19 _ 1 30
_
0dpm&MuOf
yDwdMuOf
EF
GH
99
avmukwå&mpdwf tusOf; 8 ^ tus,f 40
EF
G
100
H
p dw f ,SO fa omap w odu f
r*fpw
d f zdv
k pf w
d f tnormef; aombeapwoduf (25) yg;
usOf; 4^ us,f 20 usOf; 4^ us,f 20 apwoduf (13)yg; aygif;
p sme f
oAÁ yudP;f aombe 0d&wD tyÜrnm yndajE´
ao mwm ou t e m t &[ wå aomw m o u te m t& [w å
(7)yg; (6)yg; (19)yg; (3)yg; (2)yg; (1)yg;
y xr p sme f + + + + + + + + 7 6 19 3 _ 1 36
5
' kw d, p smef + + + + + + + + 7
0dwufMuOf
19 3 _ 1 35
4
0dwufMuOf
w wd, psme f + + + + + + + + 7
0dpm&MuOf
19 3 _ 1 34
0dwufMuOf
p w kw ¬p smef 7 19 3 _ 1 33
+ + + + + + + + 0dpm&MuOf
yDwdMuOf
3
0dwufMuOf
y Í ör p sme f - - - - - - - - 7
0dpm&MuOf 19 3 _ 1 33
yDwdMuOf
rSwcf suf
- avmukwå&mpdwfwGif ukodkvfoabmjzpfí 0d&wD ( 3 ) yg; ,SOfygonf/ a
- avmukwå&mpdwfonf edAÁmefudktm½HkjyKí tyÜrnm ( 2 ) yg; r,SOfyg/
G H
a
EF
0daoou apwoduf (10) yg;

xl;axGjcm;em;pdwcf si;f uGJjym;atmif jyKwwfaom apwoduf wdu
Yk kd 0daoouapwoduf
[k ac:qo
kd nf/
(1) 0dwuf? 0dpm&? yDw?d okc - 4-yg;
(2) 0d&wD apwoduf - 3-yg;
(3) tyÜrnmapwoduf - 2-yg;
(4) yndajEápwoduf - 1-yg;
aygi;f - 10-yg;
avmukwå&mpdwfwdkYü psmefw&m;wdkYutxl;jyKyHk
0dwufonf avmukw&å m yxrpsmefpw d f 8 yg;ü om,SOíf 'kw, d psmefpw
d pf onfwüYkd r,SO/f
þodYk 0dwuf\ ,SOrf I r,SOrf aI Mumifh yxrpsmefpw d ?f 'kw,d psmefpw d f ponfwYkd uJGjym;oGm;\/
0dpm&onf avmukwå&m yxrpsmefpdwf 8 yg;? 'kwd,psmefpdwf 8 yg;wdkYüom,SOf\/ wwd,
psmefpw
d f ponfwüYkd r,SO/f xdaYk Mumifh yxrpsmef? 'kw, d psmefwrYkd S wwd,psmef ponfjzifh uJjG ym;atmif
0dpm&[laom psmefw&m;u txl;jyK\/
yDwod nf avmukw&å m yxrpsmefpw d f 8 yg;? 'kw, d psmefpw d f 8 yg;? wwd,psmefpwd f (8) yg;wdüYk
,SOfí pwkw¬psmefponfwdkYü r,SOf/ xdkUaMumifh yxrpsmef? 'kwd,psmef? wwd,psmef ponfjzifh
uJGjym;atmif ]yDw}d psmefw&m;u txl;jyKonf/
okconf avmukw&å matmufpsmef 4 yg;üom ,SOíf yÍörpsmefpw d üf r,SO/f atmufpsmef 4 yg;rS
yÍörpsmefukd uJGjym;atmif ]okc}psmefw&m;u txl;jyKonf/
Oayu©monf avmukw&å m yÍörpsmefpw d f 8 yg;üom ,SOíf avmukw&å matmufpsmefpw d f4
yg; ür,SOf/ xdkYaMumifh yÍörpsmefESifh atmufpsmef 4 yg;udk uJGjym;atmif ]Oayu©m} psmefw&m;u
txl;jyKonf/
r[*¾KwfpdwfwdkYü psmefw&m; (4) yg; txl;jyKyHk

1/ 0dwuf? 0dpm&? yDw?d okc? Oayu©m[laom psmefw&m; (5) yg;wku dY r[*¾Kwpf w
d w
f u
Ykd jGJ ym;atmif
txl;jyKyrkH mS avmukw&å mpdww
f üdYk psmefw&m;txl;jyKyEkH iS hf wln\
D /
2/ r[*¾Kwpf w d w f üYkd tyÜrnmtxl;jyKykH
tyÜrnm apwoduf (2) yg;onf r[*¾Kwf atmufpsmefpdwf 4-yg;ü ,SOfí yOörpsmefpdwfü
r,SO/f þodYk ,SOyf rkH wlí atmufpsmef(4) yg;ESihf yÍörpsmefpw
d u
f kd uJGjym;atmif tyÜrnm apwoduf
u txl;jyKygonf/
G H
102
a
EF
umraombepdwfwdkYü yDwdtxl;jyKyHk
yDwod nf umraombe aomreó o[*kwpf w d f 12 yg;wdüYk om ,SOíf Oayu©m o[*kwf
pdwf 12-yg;wdüYk r,SO/f ,SOyf rkH wlí aomreó o[*kwpf w
d wf EYkd iS hf Oayu©m o[*kwpf w
d w
f u
Ykd kd uJG
jym;atmif ]yDw}d u txl;jyKonf/
umraombepdwfwdkYü 0d&wD txl;jyKyHk

0d&wDonf r[mukov kd pf wd w
f üYkd om,SOíf r[m0dygu?f r[mBu, d mpdww f üYkd r,SOyf g/ þodYk
,SOyf rkH wlí r[mukovdk pf w
d f ESihf r[m0dygupf wd f r[mBu,d mpdww f u
Ykd kd uJjG ym;atmif 0d&wDu txl;
jyK\/
umraombepdwfwdkYü tyÜrnmtxl;jyKyHk
tyÜrnmonf r[mukokdvf? r[mBud,mpdwfwdkYüom,SOfí r[m0dygufpdwfwdkYü r,SOf/
þod,
Yk OS yf u
kH JGjym;í r[mukov
kd ?f r[mBu,
d mpdww
f EYkd iS hf r[m0dygupf w
d w
f Ykd uJGjym;atmif tyÜrnm
u txl;jyK\/
umraombepdwfwdkYü yndajE´txl;jyKyHk
yndajEo ´ nf umraombeÓP orÜ,w k pf w
d wf üYkd om ,SOíf ÓP0dy, Ü w
k pf wd w
f üYkd r,SO/f
þodYk ,SOyf kH uJGjym;í ÓPorÜ,wk w
f EYkd iS hf ÓP0dy,
Ü w k pf w
d w f Ykd jcm;em;atmif yndajEu ´ txl;jyK\/
c ed,w? ted,w a,m*DtcJGc

c
(ed,w= tNrJ + a,m*D - ,SOaf vh&adS om apwodu)f
rdrwd EYkd iS hf ,SOzf ufpw

d jf zpfwidk ;f tNr,
J OS v
f sujf zpfay: Muaom apwodurf sm;udk (ed,w a,m*D)
[kac:qdk\/ rdrdwdkYESifh ,SOfzufpdwfjzpfwdkif; tNrJr,SOfEkdifbJ &Hcgom,SOfEdkifaom apwodufrsm;udk
(ted,w a,m*D) [kac:q\ kd /
G H
a
EF
(ed,wa,m*D? ted,wa,m*DjyZ,m;)
pOf ed,wa,m*D ted,wa,m*D
1/ tnormef;apwoduf 13-yg; 1/ rme 1-yg;
2/ oAÁmukovom"m&P 4-yg; 2/ £óm? rpä&,
d ? ukuKú pö 3-yg;
3/ avmb? 'd|?d a'go? 0dpu
d pd mä 4-yg; 3/ xde? rd'¨ 2-yg;
4/ aombeom"m&P 19-yg; 4/ or®m0gpm? or®mur®EÅ 3-yg;
or®mtmZD0 (0d&wD-3yg;)
5/ yndajEápwoduf 1-yg; 5/ u½kPm? rk'w
d m 2-yg;
(tyÜrnm-2)
aygif; 41-yg; aygif; 11-yg;
wGuef nf;/ ted,w a,m*D (11)yg;udk rSwo
f m;í ted,w a,m*DrS <uif;aom
(52-11) = 41yg;aom apwoduw f uYkd dk ed,wa,m*D[k wGu,
f El ikd \
f /
ted,wa,m*D (11) yg;wdkYudk u'gpdç ememu'gpdESifh o[u'gpd[lí cJGjcm;jyjcif;/

emem = oD;jcm;oD;jcm; wpfyg;pDom,SOjf cif;udk emem[kac:onf/
u'gpd = qdik &f mtaMumif; nDnw
T rf S ,SOjf cif;udk u'gp[
d ak c:onf/ &Hcgom,SOjf cif;
jzpfonf/
ememu'gpd = emem=wpfyg;pD? u'gp&d cH g,OS jf cif;udk ememu'gpd [k ac:qo
kd nf/
o[u'gpd = o[=tNrw
J pfaygi;f wnf;? u'gp=
d &Hcgom ,SOjf cif;udk o[u'gpd [kac:q\
kd /
ted,wa,m*D (11)yg;wdkYudk u'gpd? ememu'gpd? o[u'gpd cJGjcm;jyZ,m;
u'gpd apwoduf (1)yg; ememu'gpd apwoduf 8 yg; o[u'gpd apwoduf 2 yg;
rme (1)yg; 1/ £óm? rpä&,

d ? ukuKú pö 3 yg; xde? rd'¨ 2 yg;
2/ 0d&wD 3 yg;
3/ tyÜrnm 2 yg;
aygi;f 1 yg; aygif; 8 yg; aygif; 2 yg;
G H
104
a
EF
o[u'gpdapwoduf (2)yg;
xde? rd'¨ apwoduf (2)yg;onf? tukov kd o
f ocFg&u
d pdwf (5)yg;wdüYk ,SOaf omfvnf; t,SOf
rNrJyg/ pdw?f apooduw f \
Ykd ysi;f &dxikd ;f rdiI ;f aomtcgro
S m ,SO\f / rysi;f &drxdik ;f rIid ;f vQif r,SOaf om
aMumifh &Hcg,OS o f nfh (u'gp)d trnf&\/
xdkodkY ,SOf&müvnf; (o[)tNrJwpfaygif;wnf;om twlwuG ,SOfMu\/ xde,SOfvQif
rd'v
¨ nf;yg0if,OS \
f / xdaYk Mumifh xde? rd'¨ apwoduf (2)yg;onf o[u'gpd t&,SOMf u\/
ctrsm;qHk;? tNrJwrf;? wpfNydKifeuf,SOfenfc

c ;
pdwfudk rlwnfxm;í apwodufrsm; rnfrQ,SOfonfudk jyaom o*F[enf;wGif atmufyg
,SOyf ,
kH OS ef nf;udk odtyfonf/
1/ trsm;qH;k ,SOq
f o
kd nfrmS - pdwüf ,SOEf ikd o
f rQ apwodut
f m;vH;k yifjzpfonf/
(emem apwodut
f ygt0if)/
Oyrm- r[mukov kd f yxrpdwüf tnormef; 13yg;+ aombeom"m&P 19 yg;+ 0d&wD 3 yg; +
tyÜrnm 2 yg; + yndaÈ´ 1 yg;? aygi;f (38)yg;? trsm;qH;k ,SO\
f / ,SOEf ikd o
f rQ apwodurf sm;
jzpfonf/
2/ tNrJwrf;,SOf qdo
k nfrmS - (ememapwodurf yg) pdwjf zpfwikd ;f tNrJwrf;,SO&f onfh
apwodurf sm;jzpfonf/
Oyrm- txufyg r[mukov kd f yxrpdwüf trsm;qH;k ,SOaf om apwoduf (38)yg;wGif toD;oD;
,SO&f aom ememapwodurf sm; jzpfMuonfh 0d&wD 3 yg;ESihf tyÜrnm (2) yg;? aygi;f (5)yg;
udk EIwv
f Qif (38-5)= 33 yg;use/f xdk (33)yg;onf tNrJwrf;,SOf apwodurf sm; jzpf\/
3/ wpfNyKd ief uf,OS f qdo

k nfrmS - pdwjf zpfvQif taMumif;nDñw
G yf gu (ememapwoduf 1 yg;) ESihf
tNrJwrf;,SOaf pwoduf (2) &yfaygi;f yifjzpfonf/
Oyrm- txufyg r[mukodkvf yxrpdwfü tNrJwrf;,SOfaom apwoduf (33)yg;wGif emem
apwoduf (5) yg;teuf wpfyg;yg;udk jyefxnfv
h Qif (33+1) = 34 yg;onf wpfNyKd ief uf
,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;jzpfMuonf/
G H
a
EF
trsm;qH;k ,SOyf kH
1/ ½lyg0p& yxrpsmefü ,SOEf ikd o
f rQ apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
(tnormef; 13 yg; + aombeom"m&P 19 yg; + tyÜrnm 2 yg; + yndajE´ 1 yg;? aygi;f - 35 yg;
,SO\
f /)
tNrw
J rf;,SOyf kH
1/ [if;aumif;aumif;csurf xm;í pdwq f ;kd olü (tnormef; (yDwMd uOf) 12 yg;+ armpwkuf (4)yg;
a'goapwoduf 1 yg;? aygi;f = 17 yg;,SO\ f /)
2/ wpfu,
kd af & wdww
f w
d u
f av; Buw
d Bf uw
d af qG;aeolpw
d üf ,SOaf om apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd azmfjyyg/
(tnormef; (yDwMd uOf) 12 yg;+ armpwkuf (4) yg;? a'goapwoduf 1 yg;? aygi;f = 17 yg;
jzpfonf/ )
3/ ta&;Bu;D u aoG;eD;&rnf[k qd½k ;kd pum;&Sad omfvnf; wpfzufom; 'kua© &mufonfuu kd n
l rD I rjyK?
a&Smifz,fvyk af eolü rnfonfh w&m;uif;rJah eygoenf;/ xdo k pl w
d üf rnfonfh apwodurf sm;ESihf
,SOíf jzpfaeygoenf;/
('kuu© if;apvdak om oem;MuifemrI u½kPm apwoduw
f &m;uif;rJah e\/ xdo
k ül (yDwMd uOf)
tnormef;apwoduf (12) yg;+ armpwkuf 4 yg;+ a'goapwoduf 1 yg;? aygi;f = 17 yg;,SOíf
jzpfae\/
wpfNyKd ifeuf,OS yf kH
1/ rdr\
d orD;tvS&wem 1yg;? ]qifp;D í jrif;&H} aeonfukd jrifawG&U aom rdcif? b0ifjrifíh pdwBf u;D
0ifaeaom rdcifü rnfonfph w
d jf zpfí rnfonfah pwodurf sm;ESi,
hf OS w
f aGJ eygoenf;/
(avmbrl wwd,pdwjf zpfae\/ tnormef; apwoduf13 yg; + armpwkuf4 yg; + avmb 1 yg; +
rme 1 yg;? aygi;f = 19 yg;ESihf ,SOíf jzpfaeygonf/)
2/ rdrdoli,fcsif; *kPfxl;rsm;ESifh pmar;yJGatmifoGm;onfudk remvdkolwpfOD;ü rnfonfhpdwfjzpfí
rnfonfah pwodurf sm;,SOw f GJ jzpfaeygoenf;/
(a'gorlyxrpdwjf zpfae\/)
3/ aus;Zl;jyefqyf&rnfh tvSnBhf uKH aomfvnf; a&Smifz,fz,fvyk íf vlr0I wfw&m; ysuu
f u
G af eolü
rnfonfph w d jf zpfaeNy;D rnfonfh apwodurf sm;u jc,fv,
S af eygoenf;/
(auR;arG;&rnfp;kd í a'gorl yxrpdwjf zpfae\/)
G H
106
a
EF
4/ vkyyf ikd cf Git

hf mPm&Scd Jph Ofu trsm;aumif;usK;d twGuf rvkycf Jrh ad vjcif;[k pdwEf v
S ;kH rcsr;f ajrjh zpf
aeolü rnfonfph w d jf zpfaeygoenf;/ xdpk w
d u f kd rnfonfh apwodurf sm;u rSw D G,íf jc,fv, S f
aeygoenf;/
(rauseyfaom a'gorl yxrpdwjf zpfae\/)
5/ vlq;kd trnfcH Adv
k af tmif'ifonf olcspjf rwfE;kd aom jrudk awmpcef;xJoaYkd c:aqmifEikd cf Jah omf
vnf; oem;ojzifh xdyg;usL;vGefrI rjyKbJ xdef;ausmif;Edkifjcif;onf rnfonfhpdwfaMumifhjzpfNyD;
rnfonfah pwodurf sm;u ,SOw f JGaecdu
k jf zpfygoenf;/
(r[mukov
kd f yÍörpdwjf zpfygonf/)
6/ ]rkom;ryg? vuFmracsm} [laom pum;udk vufuikd x f m;í wpfcv k yf? wpfvifumG ? trsK;d orD; u
]tysKdpif} yg[k vdrfajymrnfBuHNyD;rS trSefudk ajymqdkEdkifjcif;onf rnfonfh apwodufrsm;u
jc,fv, S yf goenf;/
(r[mukov
kd f 'kw,
d pdwjf zpfygonf/)
7/ 'kp½dkufvdkufpm;? cg;ydkufEIduform;onf orD;t&G,f rdef;uav;i,f\ a&TqJGBudK;udk jzwf,l&ef
BuHpnfaomfvnf; oem;Muifem udk,fcsif;pmí jzwf,lcdk;rI rjyKonfhtcg rnfonfhpdwfodkY
ajymif;vJoGm;ygoenf;/ xdpk w d u
f kd rnfonfh apwodurf sm;jc,fv,
S íf þodjYk zpfoGm;ygoenf;/
(r[mukov
kd f q|rpdwjf zpfygonf/)
8/ rdr\
d oli,fcsi;f onf wdu
k yf ikd ?f um;ydik ?f ukrP
Ü yD ikd jf zifh wd;k wwfBu;D yGm;aeonfukd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;
omjzpfaeol\ pdwo f EÅmefü rnfonfh apwodurf sm;u jc,fv, S af ecduk f jzpfygoenf;/
(r[mukov
kd f yxrpdwjf zpfae\/ )
9/ aps;a&mif;raumif;í tdyfidkufaeol qdkifydkif&SifoEÅmefü rnfonfhpdwfjzpfí rnfonfhtwGuf
aMumifh tdyif u
kd af eygoenf;/
(aps;a&mif;raumif;í oocFg&u
d a'gorlpw
d jf zpfae\/)
apwoduyf ikd ;f Ny;D \/

G H
a
EF
omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeu usif;ycJhonfh
tbd"r®m (½dk;½dk;) pmar;yJG ar;cGef;a[mif;rsm;
apwodufydkif;
1954 ckESpf
1/ yDw\d oabmudk azmfjyNy;D vQif yDwrd ,SOEf ikd af om pdw?f yDw,
d OS Ef ikd af om pdww
f \
Ykd o½kyu
f v
kd nf;
azmfjycJhyg/
2/ tb,faMumifh oAÁpdwåom"g&P? yudPf;ac:&aMumif;wdkYudk azmfjyNyD;vQif tnormef;ac:
&aMumif;udv
k nf; ay:vGiaf tmif &Si;f vif;cJyh g/
3/ O'¨pö? rme? rpä&d,? rd'¨? 0dpdudpämwdkY\ oabmtoD;oD;udk a&;om;NyD;vQif 4if;apwodufrsm;
,SOEf ikd af om pdww
f u
Ykd v
kd nf;a&;om;cJyh g/
1955 ckESpf
1/ umrm0p& aombepdwf 24-ckwüYkd (u)tyÜrnm apwoduf txl;jyKyEkH iS hf (c)yDwad pwoduf
txl;jyKyw
kH u
Ykd kd xif&mS ;atmifajzqdyk g/
1956 ckESpf
1/ atmufwGiaf zmfjyxm;aom apwodu(f 3)rsK;d wd\
Yk t"dygÜ ,u
f x
kd if&mS ;atmif ajzqdyk g/
(u) or®m0gpm (c) or®mur®EÅ (*) or®mtmZD0
2/ tukovapwoduEf iS hf tukov om"m&P apwoduw
f o
Ykd nf t&jcif;wlygoavm/
rnfoYkd xl;jcm;ygoenf;/
3/ avmbrl yxra'G? 'kw,
d a'G tocFg&u
d pdww
f üYkd o*F[enf;&aom apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd a&wGuf
jycJyh g/
4/ t[dwaf pwoduEf iS hf {u[dwf apwoduw
f u
Ukd kd cJGjcm;í ajzqdyk g/
5/ tukov kd f apwoduEf iS hf tukov
kd pf w
d ?f ukov
kd pf w
d w
f \
Ykd taygi;f ocsFmrQuo kd m azmfjyNy;D vQif
tukov kd f aomreóü ,SOEf ikd af omapwoduf r,SOEf ikd af om apwoduw f u
Ykd v kd nf; cJjG cm;azmf
jyyg/
6/ ukuúKpö apwodufESifh or®mtmZD0 apwodufwdkY\ vu©Pmrsm;udk xif&Sm;pGmazmfjyNyD;vQif
4if;apwoduwf Ykd toD;oD;,SOEf ikd af om pdwrf sm;udv
k nf; azmfjyyg/
G H
108
a
EF
1957 ckESpf
1/ apwoduf (52)yg;udk tusO;f tm;jzifh a&wGujf yyg/
2/ atmufygapwoduw
f \
Ukd oabmudk ay:vGiaf tmif azmfjyyg/
reodum&? yDw?d qE´? avmb? rpä&,
d /
3/ ted,wa,m*D apwoduw
f \
Ykd o½kyu
f kd xkwjf yNy;D vQif 4if;wdu
Uk kd tukov
kd af ombecJjG cm;jyyg/
1958 ckESpf
1/ tpHt
k pHt
k m;jzifh a[maom apwoduw
f \
Ykd o½kyu
f kd xkwjf yyg/
2/ om"m&P trnf&aom apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd tusO;f csKyaf zmfjyyg/
1972 ckESpf
1/ tyÜrnma'GEiS hf tukovom"m&P apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd xkwjf yyg/
2/ apwemESio
hf m,SOf qE´r,SOaf ompdw?f 2-yg;pHk ,SOaf ompdww
f u
Ykd kd a&wGujf yyg/
1975 ckESpf
1/ ukov
kd pf w
d t
f m;vH;k ESihf tNrJ,OS Ef ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk azmfjyyg/
2/ avmukw&å mpdwt
f us,f (40) ESi,
hf OS af om yudP;f apwodurf sm;udk xkwjf yyg/
3/ ed,w a,m*D apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
4/ r[*¾Kwf yxrpsmefpw
d üf -
(u) tNr,
J OS Ef ikd af om apwodurf sm;? (c) trsm;qH;k ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
1976 ckESpf
1/ aombPapwoduf 25-yg;wdw Yk Gif ukov kd jf yKwikd ;f ,SOEf ikd af om apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd a&wGujf yyg/
2/ (u) 0dpm&ESio hf m,SOíf 0dwufEiS hf r,SOaf ompdwf
(c) 0dwuf? 0dpm& 2- yg;pHak om pdww f uYkd kd a&wGujf yyg/
3/ tukodkvf apwoduf 14-yg;wdkYwGif tukodkvfjyKvkyfwdkif; ,SOfEdkifaom apwodufwdkYudk
a&wGujf yyg/
4/ r[mukov kd f yxrpdwüf ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
G H
a
EF
1977- ckESpf
1/ pdwtf enf;qH;k ,SOEf ikd af om apwodu?f pdwt f rsm;qH;k ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk azmfjyyg/
2/ tukov kd af pwoduaf ygi;f rnfrQ&o dS nf[k a&wGujf yNy;D vQif tukovom"m&Ptrnf&aom
apwoduw f uYkd v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
3/ u½kPm- rk'w d m yGm;rsm;aomtcg jzpfEikd af om pdwrf sm;udk a&;om;azmfjyyg/
4/ pdwEf iS hf tNrJ,OS af om apwodu-f tNrJr,SOaf om apwodurf sm;udk cJGjcm;a&wGujf yyg/
1978- ckESpf
1/ atmufyg pdww f üYkd ,SOEf ikd o
f nfh apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
(u)0dpu d pd mä o[*kwpf w d f (c) um,0dnmPfpw d f
2/ 'kp½dkufrIudk vufawGUa&SmifMuOfaomtcg jzpfay:vmaom 0d&wDapwoduf 3-ck\ t"dyÜg,f
udk 1- ckpD &Si;f jyí a0'em apwoduEf iS hf ,SOEf ikd af om pdwrf sm;udk blrad A'enf;jzifah &wGujf yyg/
3/ olwpfyg; rwdu k wf eG ;f bJ ÓPfEiS hf ,SOíf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jrwfpmG bk&m;tm;vSLonfh ausmif;ol
\ ukov kd pf wd rf mS ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
4/ olwpfyg;rwdu k wf eG ;f bJtjypfr&S[d kxifrw S íf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompmar;yJcG ;kd ajzaeonfhausmif;om;\
avmbpdwrf mS ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
1979- ckESpf
1/ oN*ØK[fusrf;vm apwoduf 52-yg;wdkYwGif rnfonfh apwodufwdkYudk oAÁpdwåom"m&P
apwodu-f yudP;f apwodu[ f k ac:ygoenf;? toD;oD; azmfjyyg/
2/ vlwüYkd tukovkd pf w
d jf zpfwikd ;f yg0ifaom apwodurf sm;udk pHv k ifpGm a&;cJyh g/
3/ qE´ 0D&,d apwoduo f nf rnfrQaom pdww f üYkd ,SOyf goenf;? a&wGujf yyg/
1980- ckESpf
1/ atmufyg apwodurf sm;udk azmfjycJyh g/
(u) pdwjf zpfwikd ;f tNrJwrf;yg0ifaom apwoduf
(c) tukov kd pf w
d jf zpfwikd ;f tNrJwrf;yg0ifaom apwoduf
(*) ukov kd pf w
d jf zpfwikd ;f tNrJwrf;yg0ifaom apwoduf
2/ olwpfyg;csrf;omonfudk remvdkaomol\ pdwfü apwodufrnfrQ ,SOfaMumif;udk wduspGm
ajzqdck yJh g/
G H
110
a
EF
1981 ckESpf
1/ atmufyg apwodurf sm;\ trnfwu
Ykd kd azmfjycJyh g/
(u) tm½Hu
k kd ESpo
f ufjcif; oabm&Sad om apwoduf
(c) rSm;aomtm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f jcif;oabm&Sad om apwoduf
(*) pdw\
f Nird ;f jcif;oabm&Sad om apwoduf
2/ bk&m;&Scd ;kd aomtcg jzpfaom ukov
kd pf w
d üf apwoduaf ygi;f rnfrQ,OS Ef ikd yf goenf;/
3/ trSm;-trSeaf 0zefawG;awm ,Hrk mS ;aeaom 0dpu
d pd mä pdwüf ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk azmfjy
cJyh g/
4/ yef;wpfyGiu
hf kd jrifaomtcgjzpfaom pu©K0k n
d mPfpw
d üf ,SOaf omapwoduw
f u
Ykd kd a&;cJyh g/
1982 ckESpf
1/ oabmw&m;wpfcu k kd apwodu[
f íl owfrw
S Ef ikd af vmufatmifvt
kd yfaom t*Fgvu©Pm&yf
4-yg;udk a&;om;azmfjyyg/
2/ apwoduf 52-yg;wdw
Yk Gif tukov
kd rf nfaom apwodurf sm;udk jynfph akH tmif azmfjyyg/
3/ pm;0wfaea&;jynhpf íkH csr;f omolukd awGjY rifaomtcg 0rf;ajrmufjcif; rk'w
d mjzpf\/ xdrk 'k w
d mESihf
twl apwoduaf ygi;f rnfrQjzpfoenf;/ a&wGujf yyg/
1983 ckESpf
1/ pdwüf jzpfí pdwu
f jkd c,fv,S w f wfaom oabmw&m;rsm;udk rnfoaYkd c:ygoenf;/ ,if;oabm
w&m;aygi;f rnfrQ&o dS enf;? azmfjyyg/
2/ pum;ajym&mwGif yg0ifwwfaom apwem? rme? a'go? owd? ynm [laom pum;vHk;wdkY\
jrefrmvdk t"dygÜ ,u
f kd azmfjyyg/
3/ remvdkjcif;? 0efwdkjcif; vu©Pm&Sdaom oabmw&m;rsm;onf rnfonfhapwodufrsm; jzpfyg
oenf;/ ,if;apwodurf sm;onf rnfonfh pdwrf sm;ESihf ,SOw
f JGjzpfygoenf;? azmfjyyg/
4/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif NyKH ;&Tiaf wmfral omtcg jzpfay:vmonfh [odwyk gÜ 'pf w
d üf ,SOaf om apwoduf
wdu
Yk akd zmfjyyg/
G H
a
EF
1984 ckEpS f
1/ vlwaYkd epOf ajymqdMk u&mwGif yg0ifaom a0'em? 0D&,
d ? £óm? rpä&,
d ? o'¨g[al om pum;-5vH;k \
qdv
k &kd if;t"dygÜ ,u
f kd jrefrmvdk azmfjyyg/
2/ olwpfyg;qif;&J'u k a© &mufaeonfujkd rifí oem;jcif;vu©Pm&Sad om u½kPm apwoduo
f nf
rnfonfph w
d rf sm;ESihf ,SOíf jzpfEikd yf goenf;/ a&wGujf yyg/
3/ oDcsi;f oHMum;aomtcg jzpfaompdwüf ,SOEf ikd af om apwodurf sm;udk azmfjyyg/
1985 ckEpS f
1/ rdrrd w
d af qG\ ypön;f udk cd;k ,lNy;D cgrS ]igrmS ;avpG} [k aemifw&rIonf rnfonfah pwodujf zpfyg
oenf;? 4if;apwoduo f nf rnfonfph w d Ef iS hf ,SOw
f jGJ zpfygoenf;/
2/ atmufygpum; ig;vH;k wd\
Yk vd&k if;t"dygÜ ,u
f kd tbd"r®mobm0 xdu
k af tmifa&;om;yg/
(u) t[d&u
d ? (c) taemwåy?Ü (*) onm? (C) yDwd (i) or®m0gpm
3/ tqif;vSí rmeBuD;olwpfOD;tm; rmeonf tNrJjzpfaeygoavm? jzpfaomtcg rnfonfhpdwf
wGi,
f OS íf jzpfygoenf;/
1986 ckEpS f
1/ zóç reodum&ç t"darmu©ç qE´ç or®mtmZD0ç apwoduw
f \
Ykd tbd"r®moabmvu©Pmudk
jrefrmbmomjzifh a&;yg/
2/ pmusuaf epOf jzpfay:wwfaom ysi;f &dai;armjcif;? awGa0xdik ;f rdiI ;f jcif;wdo
Uk nf tb,f apwoduf
wd\
Yk oabmvu©Pmrsm; jzpfygoenf;? ,if; apwoduw f o
Ykd nf tb,fpw d rf sm;ESihf ,SOw
f jGJ zpfyg
oenf;? toD;oD;ajzqdyk g/
3/ remvdjk cif;? 0efwjkd cif;oabmw&m;wdoYk nf avmbrlpw d Ef iS hf oufqikd yf goavm? odrYk [kwf a'gorl
pdwEf iS hf oufqikd yf goavm? ppfaMuma0zefNy;D r*fpw
d Ef iS t
hf wljzpfciG &hf aom apwoduf o½kyu f kd
vnf; xkwjf yyg/
4/ atmufyg apwodurf sm;udk ukepf ifatmif a&wGujf yyg-
(u) oAÁmukovom"m&P apwodu?f
(c) oAÁmukov a,m*Dapwodu/f
G H
112
a
EF
1987 ckESpf
1/ apwodu\ f vu©Pmrsm;udk azmfjyNy;D vQif pdw[ f ol rQEiS hf ,SOEf ikd af om apwoduw f u Ykd vkd nf;
ajzqdyk g/
2/ apwem? rme? 0dpdudpäm? o'¨g? rk'dwm apwodufwdkY\ tbd"r®moabm vu©Pmudk jrefrm
bmomjzifh ajzqdyk g/
3/ tvdk&r®ufBuD;olESifh pdwfwdk? pdwfqwfol ESpfOD;wdkYwGif rnfolonfrdpäm'd|djzpfwwfygoenf;/
orÜa,m*enf;t& pdppfjyyg/
4/ vdyjf ymuav;wpfaumifukd zrf;,lNy;D oem;ojzifh rowfbJ vTwv f ukd o
f ül rnfonfph w d jf zpfyg
oenf;/ rnfonfh apwodurf sm;ESihf ,SOw f JGjzpfygoenf;/ toD;oD;ajzqdyk g/
1988 ckESpf
1/ ynm? onm? a0'em? apwem? u½kPm[laom apwoduw f \Ykd oabmvu©Pmwdu Yk kd toD;oD;
a&;om;cJyh g/
2/ vdraf jymrnfBuNH y;D rS rvdraf wmhbJ trSeu f akd jymqd&k mü rnfonfah pwodujf zpfygoenf;/ ,if;
apwoduEf iS hf ,SOb f ufpwd rf sm;udk azmfjyyg/
3/ (u) aMumif;usK;d odjrifÓPfEiS , hf OS íf bk&m;&Scd ;kd ol
(c) aMumif;usK;d rjrif ÓPfrxifbJ bk&m;&Scd ;kd olwYkd &aom r[mukov kd w
f uYkd kd azmfjyyg/
4/ pdww f wYkd Gif apwodut f enf;qH;k ,SOaf om pdwu f kd 4if;,SO&f m apwoduEf iS w hf uG azmfjyyg/
1989 ckESpf
1/ atmufygapwodurf sm;\ oabmvu©Pmrsm;udk rSeu f efatmifa&;jyyg/
apwem? o'¨g? yDw?d owd? pdwyå ó'¨d
2/ atmufygwüYkd rnfonfah pwodurf sm;jzpfonfukd trnfrQ ñTejf ycJyh g/
(u) q&m? rdb pum;[laomtm½Hu k kd ESv;kH oGi;f rI?
(c) tm½Hw k pfyg;pdwrf oGm;bJ pdww f nfMunfr?I
(*) t&m&mudk vdv k m;awmifw h jcif;?
(C) bk&m;? w&m;ü ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfjcif;?
(i) wnfNird rf rI &Sb
d J pdwyf sv
UH Gijhf cif;?
3/ vlwdkYac:a0:oHk;pGJavh&Sdaom ]ynm}[laom pum;onf tb,fapwoduf\ trnf jzpfyg
oenf;/ az:jyí ,if;ynmESihf ,SOaf ompdww f u
Ykd v
dk nf; ocsFmo½kyrf Q azmfxw
k af &;jyyg/
G H
a
EF
1990 ckEpS f
1/ qE´? O'¨p?ö [D&?d pdwv
å [kwm? rk'w
d m apwodurf sm;\ oabmvu©Pmrsm;udk jrefrmbmomjzifh
azmfjyyg/
2/ ]olU tay:rmS ud,k af rwåm&Sv
d u
kd w
f m} [laom pum;ü ]arwåm}tppftrSet f & aumufjyí 0D&,
d
apwoduEf iS thf wlwuG rjzpfEikd af om pdww
f u
dYk v
kd nf; o½kyaf &wGujf yyg/
3/ rdrw d Ykdoabmtavsmuf wpfaumifEiS w hf pfaumif tEdik rf cH t½I;H ray; cGyaf eMuaom Muufuav;
ESpaf umif\ oEÅmefü (cGyaf ecdu
k )f jzpfay:aeaom pdw?f apwoduw f u
Ykd kd azmfjyyg/
1991 ckEpS f
1/ trIupd w
ö üYkd BupH nf? oH;k oyf? qH;k jzwfí ESpo
f ufvv
kd m;pGm tm;xkwrf o
I nf tb,fapwodurf sm;\
oabmvu©Pmrsm;jzpfygoenf;/ rSeu f efatmif ajzqdck yhJ g/
2/ ]toufÓPfapmifh} [laom pum;ü touf? ÓPf[kac:qdk&aom apwoduftrnfrsm;udk
xkwjf yí [d&?D Mowåy?Ü O'¨p?ö {u*¾wm apwoduw
f \
Ykd oabmvu©Pmrsm;udv
k nf; a&;om;cJyh g/
3/ wyfrufjcif; (avmb)? cufxefjcif; (a'go)? awGa0jcif; (arm[) apwoduw
f EYkd iS hf twlwuG
jzpfaom tukov kd pf w
d w
f u
Ykd v
kd nf; cGjJ cm;ajzqdck yhJ g/
4/ þar;cGe;f oabmukd tav;rrl ÓPfrulbJ tvdt k avsmuf xifjrif&mudk ajzqdak eaom pmajzol
\ oEÅmefü tb,frnfaom pdw?f apwodurf sm; jzpfay:aeygoenf;/ &Si;f vif;a&;om;cJyh g/
1992 ckEpS f
1/ ]vHv
Yk rrl ewfrulb;l } [laompum;ü ]vHv Yk } [kac:qxkd ukd o
f nfh apwodut
f rnfukd azmfjyí ?
,if;apwoduEf iS hf twlwuGjzpfaom pdwo
f ½kyuf vkd nf; xkwjf yyg/
2/ tiwfab;Bu;D qdu
k af &mufvsu&f adS om qdrk m;vD;,m; jynforl sm;tm; oem;MuifemrI jzpfaejcif;
onf tb,fapwodu\ f oabmvu©Pmjzpfygoenf;/ wdusreS u f efpmG azmfjyí ,if;apwoduEf iS hf
qefu
Y sib
f uf apwodut f rnfuvkd nf; nTejf yyg/
3/ ]&r®upf t
H rd }f [laom pum;0,f ]&r®u}f [laom avmba0g[m&\ y&rw¬ obm0udk ñTejf yí?
,if;y&rw¬ obm0ESit hf wlwuGjzpfaom pdwuf v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
G H
114
a
EF
1993 ckEpS f
1/ apwoduf (52)yg;wdwYk iG f pdwt
f rsm;qH;k ,SOEf ikd af om apwoduEf iS hf pdwt
f enf;qH;k ,SOEf ikd af om
apwodurf sm;udk aumufjyí? 0d&wDapwodu\ f oabmvu©Pmrsm;udv k nf; &Si;f vif; a&;om;
cJyh g/
2/ ]toufÓPfapmif?h OpömuHapmif}h [laom pum;&yfü uH? ÓPf [kac:q&dk aom apwoduf trnf
rsm;udk azmfjyí? ,if;apwoduEf iS t
hf wluuGjzpfaom pdww
f u
Ykd v
kd nf; xkwaf qmifjycJyh g/
3/ pdwcf si;f rwlatmif jyKwwfaom apwoduw f w
Ykd iG f rnfonfh apwoduu
f rnfonfph w
d u
f kd rnfoYkd
xl;jcm;atmifjyKygoenf;? jynfph akH tmif&iS ;f vif;a&;om;cJyh g/
1994 ckEpS f
1/ ]ypön;f rod?k pdwrf wd?k cifysKdBu;D yGm;aMumif;}[laomtqH;k trü]rod?k rwd}k [k oH;k EIe;f xdu
k af om apwoduf
wd\
Yk trnfun kd eT jf yí ,if;apwoduw f EYkd iS hf twlwuGjzpfaom pdww
f u
Ykd v
kd nf; azmfjy yg/
2/ ]tukov kd jf yK&ef r&Su?f raMumufaomolonf w&m;awmfü MunfnKd olrrnf/} [laom pum;ü
]r&Su?f raMumuf? MunfnKd } [k ñGeT jf ytyfaom apwoduw f \
Ykd oabm vu©Pmudk a&;í ]ÓPf?
0D&,
d } ESpyf g;vH;k ESihf r,SOaf om pdwu
f v
kd nf; xkwjf yyg/
3/ jcifuu
kd o
f nfukd rowfbaJ &SmifMuOfol oEÅmefüjzpfaom apwodut f rnfukd wduspmG nTejf yí
,if;apwoduEf iS thf wlwuGjzpfaom pdwwf u
Ykd v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
4/ pdwjf zpfwikd ;f ? tNrrJ ,SOb
f J ,SOo
f ifrh o
S m ,SOaf om apwoduw f u
Ykd kda&wGujf yNy;D Moumo uefawmh
cef;udk q&musucf ikd ;f í 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ÓPfygygjzifh usuaf eMuaom ausmif;om;av;rsm;\
oEÅmef0,fjzpfEikd af om pdw?f apwoduw f u
Ykd kd azmfjyyg/
1995 ckEpS f
1/ ]vlreS v
f Qif Bu&H if;ao&onf} [laom pum;ü tBut H pnfukd ñTejf yonfh apwodut
f rnfukd
xkwjf yí ,if;apwoduEf iS hf twlwuGjzpfaom pdwo
f ½kyu
f v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
2/ Opöm"eayg<u,f0í ]b0ifjrifh pdwfBuD;0ifaeol} oEÅmefü wnf&Sdaeaom apwoduftrnfudk
azmfjyí ,if;apwoduEf iS t
hf wl ,SOw
f jGJ zpfavh&adS om pdwo
f ½kyu
f v
kd nf; xkwjf yyg/
3/ &wemoHk;yg;ESifh uHç uH\ tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk t<uif;r&Sd ,HkMunfMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ oEÅmef
0,fjzpfEikd af om pdwçf apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd azmfjyí? urÇmapmifw
h &m;rsm;udv
k nf; nTejf yyg/
G H
a
EF
1996 ckEpS f
1/ ]ae&mwdkif;rSm olUrsufESm} [k ajym&avmufatmif pdwfwdkif;pdwfwdkif;ESifh ,SOfwJGíjzpfEdkifaom
apwoduw f wYkd iG f aemufq;kH oH;k ck\ y&rw¬obm0wdu Yk kd ajzqdík ? ]pOf;pm;Ny;D rS qH;k jzwfyg} [laom
pum;ü yg0ifaomapwoduw f \ Ykd trnfemrwdu
Yk v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
2/ q,foed ;f xDayguo f w l pfa,muftm; ]Muufuef; qeft;kd wd;k wmygumG } [k remvdak om pdwx
f m; jzifh
ajymqdkol\ oEÅmefü jzpfaom apwodufwdkYudk wduspGmazmfjyí? ,if;apwoduf ESifh ,SOfwJGí
jzpfEikd af om pdww
f u
Ykd vkd nf; a&wGujf yyg/
3/ ]pdwrf eS o
f rQ BupH nfrEI iS hf ruif;Mu} [k ajymqdak eMuaom tbd"r®mtodrjhJ im; tcsKaUd omolrsm;\
pum;udk acsyaomtm;jzifh BupH nfrEI iS u hf if;í jzpfEikd af ompdwwf u
Ykd kd azmfjyNy;D vQif rwifw
h ,faom
pdwjf zpfaomfvnf; edAmÁ efukd tm½Hjk yKEikd af ompdwu f kd ajzqdyk g/
4/ ½kyjf rifoMH um; N*Kd [wf ok wif;ü iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;'kuo
© nfrsm;udk awGjU rif&í jzpfaomoem;MuifemrI
onf ukov kd &f çr& &Si;f jyí? ud,
k yf ikd v
f vYkH r&Sad om pdwwf u
Ykd v
kd nf; xkwaf zmfa&;om;jyyg/
1997 ckEpS f
1/ olwpfyg;\ apcdik ;f jcif;aMumifh rvJo T mí oltU oufowfru I kd jyKae&ol\ oEÅmefü jzpfEikd af om pdwçf
apwoduw f uYkd kd azmfjyNy;D vQif jyKNy;D aom ukov kd af umif;rIukd tzefzef trSw&f aeaom yk*Kd¾ v\ f
oEÅmef0,f rSw
D , G íf jzpfaom apwoduu f vkd nf; azmfjyyg/
2/ ]vkvr’ xl? ÓPfrulb}J [laompum;ü]vkvç’ ÓPf} [kneT jf ytyfaom apwodwt f rnfreS w
f Ykd
udk azmfjyí ,if;apwoduw
f \
Ykd ,SOEf ikd af ompdwo
f ½kyw
f u
Ykd v
kd nf; toD;oD; xkwaf zmfwifjyyg/
3/ ]tukov kd \f taygi;f tazmf}[k ac:qEkd ikd af om tukovkd pf w
d jf zpfwikd ;f yg0ifMuonfh apwoduf
rsm;udk azmfjyí? (u) pdwt f enf;qH;k ü ,SOaf omapwodu?f (c) apwoduf tenf;qH;k ESihf ,SOaf om
pdwwf u Ykd vkd nf; ajzqdyk g/
4/ 0daoou (pdwcf si;f rwl xl;jcm;uJGjym;atmif jyKwwfuek af om) apwodurf sm;udk rrSm;atmif
a&wGujf yí? pdawåe orrk'a´d o (apwoduu f kd pdwEf iS t
hf rQa&wGujf cif;) enf;t& yDwEd iS hf u½kPm
apwoduaf ygi;f rnfrQp&D MdS uonfuvkd nf; toD;oD;ajzqdyk g/
G H
116
a
EF
1998 ckEpS f
1/ ]rkom;ryg vuFmracsm} [k ,lqvsuf tcaMu;aiG,íl rw&m;oufaovdu k rf nf[k BupH nfNy;D rS
a&SmifMuOfoül jzpfEikd af om apwoduçf ,if;apwodu\
f ,SOEf ikd af ompdwo
f ½kyw f u
Ykd kd toD;oD;
ajzqdyk g/
2/ ukodkvfaumif;rIjzpf&ef tajccHusaom apwodufwdkYwGif rcJGrcGg tpHkvdkufomjzpfMuaom
apwodurf sm;udk trnfrQazmfjyí ÓPfEiS ,
hf OS Nf y;D rSeu
f efonfh qH;k jzwfcsucf s&mü yg0ifaom pdwf
wdu
Yk v
kd nf;ajzqdyk g/
3/ ]taumif;tqd;k } pdwEf pS rf sK;d vH;k ESihf qufqaH om ]ESpzf ufcRe}f apwodut
f pkukd odom½Hrk Q azmfjyí?
rwljcm;em; uJjG ym;jcif;oabmrsm;ESihf ruif;aomavmuü umraombepdwu f kd rwljcm;em; uJjG ym;
atmifjyKwwfaom apwodurf sm;udk azmfxw k af &wGujf yyg/
4/ ]apwemaumif;onfç apwem,kwfonf} [laom avmuoHk;pum;ü tb,fapwemonf
aumif;í tb,fapwemonf ,kwyf goenf; ajzqdNk y;D vQi?f avmukw&å m pwkwp¬ smefEiS hf yOörpsmef
wdüYk ,SOaf om apwoduw
f \
Ykd xl;jcm;[efuv
kd nf;ajzqdyk g/
1999 ckEpS f
1/ ]wpfrdk;atmuf wpfa,mufxJ} qdkpum;uJhodkY pdwftm;vHk;wdkYwGif pdwfwpfyg;ESifhom,SOfonfh
apwoduu f kd oabmvu©PmESiw
hf uG azmfjyí? apwoduw f ikd ;f ü &&Srd nfh vu©Pmav;yg;udk
vnf; a&;om;yg/
2/ ud,
k x f ufomol vSysKjd zLwpfO;D \ vSyausm&h iS ;f *kPo f wif;udk Mum;&í remvdjk zpfum ]ZD;uGuf
avmufawmh iSuw f ikd ;f vS&}UJ [k ajymqdo
k \
l oEÅmefü jzpfaf omapwoduu f kd ,SO&f m pdwEf iS w
hf uG
azmfjyí ud,
k yf ikd q
f ;kH jzwfcsurf &Sd (t"darmu©r,SO)f aompdww f u
Ykd v
kd nf; ajzqdyk g/
3/ Muufom;pm;vdík Muufowf&efjyKNy;D rS rowfawmhbJ a&SmifMuOfaomoltm; rnfonf0h &d wDjzpf
onfukd wduspmG ajzqdík 0d&wDapwoduo f ;kH yg;ESihf ,SOo
f nfph w
d w
f u
Ykd v
kd nf; tNr,
J OS ^f tNrrJ ,SOf
tm;jzifh cJjG cm;Ny;D a&;om;yg/
4/ trSefw&m;udk uG,f0Sufxm;aom arm[rlpdwfESpfyg;ESifh ,SOfwJGjzpfEdkifaom apwodufwdkYudk
a&wGujf yí? pdwt
f us,f(121)yg;wdw
Yk iG f aomreóa0'emESihfOayu©ma0'emwd\ Yk ta&twGuf
udv
k nf; ocFsmrQazmfjyyg/
G H
a
EF
2000 ckEpS f
1/ ]remvdkjcif;ç 0efwdkjcif; uif;&Sif;Muygap} [laom arwåmydkY0,f ]remvdkjcif;ç 0efwdkjcif;}wdkY\
apwodut f rnfreS uf kd azmfjyí0D&,
d apwoduEf iS hf ,SOw
f íGJ jzpfciG rhf &Sad om pdwo
f ½kyf wdu
Yk v
kd nf;
xkwjf yyg/
2/ ESvHk;avyifhí b0ifjrifhaeol\ oEÅmefü jzpfaomapwodufudk ,SOf&mpdwfESifhwuG wduspGm
azmfjyí? ]avmuygv} trnf&onfh urÇmapmifh w&m;ESpyf g;udv
k nf; oabmvu©PmESiw hf uG
ajzqdyk g/
3/ avmukwå&mpdwfudk rwlxl;jcm;uJGjym;atmifjyKEdkifaom psmefw&m;rsm;udk azmfjyí a'gorl
tocFg&u
d pdwüf ,SOo
f nfah pwoduw f u
Ykd v
kd nf; ajzqdyk g/
2001 ckEpS f
1/ ]awGw U ikd ;f ra&Smif 'kp½du
k af umif} [k txl;jyKajym&avmufatmif tukov kd 'f pk ½du
k rf jI yKvyk w
f ikd ;f
yg0ifavh&adS om apwodurf sm;udk azmfjyí pdwt f rsm;qH;k ESihf ,SOaf omapwoduçf pdwt f enf;qk;H
ESi,
hf OS af om apwoduw f u Ykd v
kd nf; ajzqdyk g/
2/ ]t&Sut f aMumuf Bu;D vGe;f w,f} [laomtoH;k tEIe;f 0,f t&Suçf taMumufw\ Ykd y&rwf trnf
rSeu
f kd azmfaqmifí qEápwoduEf iS hf ,SOw
f íGJ jzpfEikd af om pdww
f u
Ykd v
kd nf; ajzqdyk g/
3/ ]tvSL'gejyKvyk w
f m tusK;d r&Syd gb;l uGm} [k wvJ,G q
l aomol\ oEÅmefüjzpfaom apwoduu f kd
vu©PmESiw hf uGajzqdík avmukw&å m'kw, d psmefü,SOcf iG &hf aomapwoduw
f u
Ykd v
kd nf;a&;om;yg/
M M M M M
G H
118
a
EF
1/ apwoduf Mental Factor
2/ apwodufvu©Pm (4) yg; Four Characteristics of Mental Factors
3/ {ukygÜ ' - pdwEf iS t

hf wljzpfjcif; To arise together with consciousness
4/ {ueda&m" - pdwEf iS t
hf wlcsKyjf cif; To pass away together
5/ {u0w¬Ku - pdwEf iS rhf &DS mwljcif; To have an equal basis
6/ {umvrÁP - pdwEf iS t
hf m½Hw
k jl cif; To have an equal object
7/ tnormef;apwoduf Common Mental Factors
8/ oAÁpw
d o
å m"m&Papwoduf (7) yg; Common and Regular Mental Factors
9/ zó Contact
10/ a0'em Feeling
11/ onm Perception
12/ apwem Motivator
13/ {u*¾wm One - pointedness of mind
14/ ZD0w
d ad È´ Mental vitality, Faculty of mental life
15/ reodum& Attention
16/ yudP;f apwoduf (6) yg; Common but Irregular Mental Factors
17/ 0dwuf Applied thought
18/ 0dpm& Sustained thought
19/ t"darmu© Identification, Decision
20/ 0D&,
d Effort
21/ yDwd Rapture
22/ qE´ Desire
23/ tukodkvfapwoduf (14) yg; Immoral Mental Factors
24/ oAÁmukov om"m&Papwodu(f od)Yk Delusion Mental Factors
armpwkuaf pwoduf (4) yg;

G H
a
EF
25/ arm[ Delusion
26/ t[d&u
d Non - moral conscience, Shamelessness
27/ taemwåyÜ Non - moral revulsion, Fearlessness
28/ O'¨pö Distraction, Restlessness
29/ avmBwdapwoduf (3) yg; Greed Mental Factors
30/ avmb Greed
31/ 'd|d Wrong view
32/ rme Conceit
33/ a'gpwkuaf pwoduf (4) yg; Hatred Mental Factors
34/ a'go Hatred
35/ £óm Jealousy
36/ rpä&,
d Self - appropriating envy, Stinginess
37/ ukuKú pö Remorse
38/ qHk;Bwdapwoduf (3) yg; Three parts of Moha
39/ xde Sloth
40/ rd'¨ Torpor
41/ 0dpu
d pd mä Doubt
42/ aombeapwoduf (25) yg; Beautiful Moral Mental Factors
43/ aombeom"m&Papwoduf (19) yg; Beautiful Mental Factors
44/ o'¨g Confidence
45/ owd Mindfulness
46/ [d&D Moral Shame
47/ MowåyÜ Moral dread
48/ tavmb Anti - greed
49/ ta'go Anti - hatred
50/ wMwrZÑww
å må Equanimity
51/ um,yó'¨d Tranquility of mental factors

G H
120
a
EF
52/ pdwyå ó'¨d Tranquility of mind
53/ um,v[kwm Lightness of mental factors
54/ pdwv
å [kwm Lightness of mind
55/ um,rk'w
k m Flexibility of mental factors
56/ pdwrå 'k w

k m Flexibility of mind
57/ um,ur®nwm Adaptability of mental factors
58/ pdwu
å r®nwm Adaptability of mind
59/ um,yg*knwm Proficiency of mental factors
60/ pdwyå g*knwm Proficiency of mind
61/ um,kZkuwm Uprightness of mental factors
62/ pdwKå Zu
k wm Uprightness of mind
63/ 0d&wDapwoduf (3) yg; Abstinence Mental Factors
64/ or®m0gpm Right Speech
65/ or®mur®EÅ Right Action
66/ or®mtmZD0 Right Livelihood
67/ tyÜrnmapwoduf (2) yg; Boundless Mental Factors
68/ u½kPm Compassion
69/ rk'w
d m Sympathetic joy
70/ yndaÈa´ pwoduf (1) yg; Faculty of Wisdom
71/ ynm Wisdom
H H H H H H H
atbd"r®m yxrqifh
a
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
tbd"r®m (yxrqifh)
yudP;f ydik ;f rSwpf k
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
a
G H
a
EF
yudPf;ydkif;
yudP;f [laomtrnfonf ]yudPu Ö }[laomygVrd S qif;oufvm\/ a&m>yrf;jcif;teuf
t"dyÜg,f&\/ rnfonhft&mrsm;udk a&m>yrf;jyqdkoenf;qdkaomf pdwf? apwodufwnf;[laom
(53)yg;aom emrfawynmow&m;wdkYudk ]a0'emo*F[? a[wko*F[? udpöo*F[? 'Gg&o*F[?
tm&r®Po*F[ESifh 0w¬Ko*F[}[lí o*F[ (6)rsK;d wdjYk zihf a&m>yrf;jyqdak omtydik ;f jzpf\/
o*F[ (6) rsKd;

1/ a0'emo*F[ / / emrfw&m;wdkYwGif rnfonhfemrfw&m;onf rnfonhfcHpm;rI
a0'em jzpfonfukd cGJjcm;jyqdo k nf/
2/ a[wko*F[ / / emrfw&m;[k ac:qdkaompdwf? apwodufwdkY ESpfyg;pHk yl;wGJjzpf
ay:vmMuaomtcg rnfonhfw&m;u taMumif;&if;tjzpf
&yfwnf aeonfukd cGJjcm;ñTejf yonf/
3/ udpo ö *F[ / / emrfw&m;wdkY vkyfaqmif&onhfudpöwdkYudk cGJjcm;a0zefjyqdk
onf/
4/ 'Gg&o*F[ / / taMumif;wdkufqdkifvQif emrfw&m;wdkYonf rnfonhfwHcg;
ayguf ac:'Gg&ü jzpfay:vm&onfukd cGJjcm;a&wGujf yonf/
5/ tm&r®Po*F[ / / emrfw&m;wdo Yk nf rnfonht f m½Hu k kd tm½Hjk yKEikd o
f nfukd cGJjcm;
a& wGujf yonf/
6/ 0w¬Ko*F[ / / emrfw&m;wdkYonf rnfonhfwnf&mrSD&m 0w¬Kay:ü &yfwnf
jzpfEikd o
f nfukd cGJjcm;a&wGujf yqdo k nf/
þuJo h Ykd yudP;f ydik ;f wGif o*F[ (6) yg;jzihf ydik ;f jcm;í w&m;ud,
k ?f t&aumuf? o½ky?f t"dymÜ ,f
wdjYk zihf cGjJ cm;a0zefjyrnfjzpf\/ xdaYk Mumihf yudP;f ydik ;f onf pdw?f apwoduf (2)yg;pHu k kd xyfrcH sJU jyaom
]y#deda'ó} [kvnf; rSwf,lEdkif\/ ½kyfemrfwdkY\ qufoG,frIoabmudk azmfjyonhf tydkif;vnf;
jzpf\/
1/ a0'emo*F[
a0'em[lonf tm½Hkudk cHpm;jcif;oabmvu©Pmjzpf\/ cHpm;jcif;qdkonfrSm tm½HkESihf

awGUqHk&onhftcg tm½Hktvdkuf udk,fpdwfESpfyg;wdkYü csrf;omokc cHpm;&onhf oabm? qif;&J
'kuc© pH m;&onhf oabm? qif;&Jcsr;f omrjzpfbJ rodromcHpm;&jcif; oabmyifjzpfonf/
a0'emtrsK;d rsK;d udk tajccHí pdw?f apwoduw
f u
Ykd kd tusO;f ½H;k um pkaygi;f a&wGuw
f ifjyjcif;udk
a0'emo*F[[kac:onf/
G H
122
a
EF
a0'emudk cGJjcm;aom enf; (2) enf;

a0'emonf tm½Hk\ t&omudk cHpm;jcif; oabmvu©PmwpfrsKd;wnf;om&Sdaomfvnf;
£|m½H?k ted|m½Hpk aom tm½Hu
k GJjym;jcif;ESifh okcad È?´ 'kua©d Èp´ aom £aÈa´ [mpOfuv
kd u
kd íf a0'em
o*F[wGif atmufygtwdik ;f enf; (2)enf; cGJxm;\/
(u) tm&r®PmEkb0eenf; (tEkb0eenf;)
(c) £È, ´d ab'enf;
(u) tm&r®PmEkb0eenf;
(ok + 'k + O-wk? oH;k yg;pk? tEkb0em)
tm&r®PqdkonfrSm tm½Hkjzpfí tEkb0e[lonfrSm cHpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tm&r®PmEkb0e
enf; [lonfrSm tm½HkudkcHpm;jcif;a0'emudk cGJjcm;jyaomenf;jzpfonf/ pdwfqdkonfrSm tm½HkESihf
uif;í jzpfay: Ekid af umif;aomw&m;r[kw/f a0'em[lonf xdt k m½Huk kd cHpm;jcif; vu©Pmtm;jzihf
wpfyg;wnf;om&Sd\/ odkY&mwGif awGU BuHK&onhftm½Hku (1) tvdk&SdtyfESpfouf aumif;jrwfaom
tm½Hk (£|m½H)k ? (2) tvdrk &St
d yf raumif;jrwfrESpo f ufEikd o f nht
f m½Hk (ted|m½H)k ESifh (3) £|m½Hv
k nf;
r[kwf ted|m½Hv k nf; rrnf taumif;tqd;k tv,ftvwf ½d;k ½d;k jzpfaom omreftm½Hk (£|rZÑ wåm½H)k
[lí tm½Hktm;jzihf (3)rsKd; uGJjym;ojzihf cHpm;jcif;a0'emonf okca0'em? 'ku©a0'emESihf Oayu©m
a0'em[lí (3)rsK;d uGJjym;\/
1/ okca0'em / / tvdk&Sdtyf ESpfoufjrwfEdk;tyfaom £|m½HkESihf awGUqHk BuHKqHk
qnf; & onht f cg ud,
k pf w
d üf csr;f omokcudk cHpm;&jcif;oabm/
2/ 'ku©a0'em / / tvdrk &St d yf rESpo
f uftyf rjrwfE;kd tyfaom ted|m½Hw k EYkd iS fh awGU
BuKH qqkH nf;&onht f cg ud,
k pf w
d üf ud,
k q
f if;&J pdwq
f if;&J cHpm;&
jcif; oabm/
3/ Oayu©ma0'em / / £|m½Hv
k nf;r[kwf ted|m½Hv k nf;rrnf taumif;tqd;k tv,f
tvwf ½d;k ½d;k jzpfaom omreftm½Hrk sm; (£|rZÑwmå ½H)k ESifh awGU BuKH
qHq
k nf;&onht f cg rodrom rxifr&Sm; cHpm;rIoabm/
G H
a
EF
a0'em (3) yg; toD;oD;ESihf ,SOfaompdwfrsm;
pOf a0'em ,SOpf w

d Of ;D a& ,SOaf ompdwrf sm;
1/ okca0'em (u) t[dwu f ok v0dygufock o[*kwf

= 1 um,0dnmPfpw d f 1 yg;
= 62 (c) umraomreópdwf 18 yg;
63 ( * ) r[*¾Kwaf omreópdwf 12 yg;
(C) avmukw&å maomreópdwf 32 yg;
aygif; = 63 yg;
okca0'emonf(63)yg;aom okco[*kwfpdwfrsm;ESihf,SOfonf/
2/ 'kua© 0'em (u) tukov0dyguf 'kuo © [*kwf

= 1 um,0dnmPfpw d f 1 yg;
= 2 (c) a'gorlpw
d f 2 yg;
3 aygif; = 3 yg;
'ku©a0'emonf 'ku©o[*kwfpdwf(3)yg;ESihf,SOfonf/
3/ Oayu©ma0'em (u) umrOayu©mpdwf 32 yg;

(c) r[*¾KwOf ayu©mpdwf 15 yg;
55 (*) avmukw&å mOayu©mpdwf 8 yg;
aygif; = 55 yg;
Oayu©ma0'emonf Oayu©mo[*kwfpdwf(55)yg;ESihf,SOfonf/
G H
124
a
EF
(c) £Èd´,ab'enf;
]okç 'kç aomç a'g? O ESifh aESm? rSwaf vm £È,
´d m}/
Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; a[mMum;onhf £Èd´, 0dbif; ygVdawmfvm (okcdaÈ´? 'kud©aÈ´? a'gr
eódaÈ?´ aomreódaÈ?´ Oayuda© È)´ [laom £aÈa´ [mpOf (5) rsK;d udv
k u
kd íf a0'em (5)rsK;d &Sjd yef
onf/
£aÈt
´ jym;tm;jzihf a0'emuGJjym;yHu
k kd jyaomenf;onf £È,
´d ab'enf;rnf\/
1/ okca0'em / ud,
k üf jzpfaom csr;f csr;f omomcHpm;rIoabm/
2/ 'ku©a0'em / ud,
k üf jzpfaom qif;qif;&J&JcpH m;rIoabm/
3/ aomreóa0'em / pdwfüjzpfaom csrf;csrf;omomcHpm;rIoabm/
4/ a'greóa0'em / pdwüf jzpfaom qif;qif;&J&JcpH m;rIoabm/
5/ Oayu©ma0'em / csrf;omonfvnf; r[kwf? qif;&Jonfvnf; rrnf? tv,f
tvwfjzpfaom omrefcpH m;rIoabm/
a0'em (5) yg;uGJjym;&jcif;

a0'em (3)yg;rS a0'em (5)yg;jzpfvm&jcif;rSm azm|AÁm½Hkudk awGUxdí udk,füjzpfay:aom
cHpm;rIonf ]um,dua0'em}jzpf\/ tm½Hk (6)yg;udk tm½HkjyKí pdwfxJü jzpfay:cHpm;rIonf ]apw
odu a0'em} jzpfonf/
um,dua0'emwGif ud,
k üf jzpfaom csr;f csr;f omom cHpm;rI ( okca0'em )ESifh ud,
k üf jzpfaom
qif;qif;&J&JcpH m;rI ('kua© 0'em)[lí (2)rsK;d &S\
d / xdek nf;twl apwodua0'emwGiv
f nf; pdwüf
jzpfaom csr;f csr;f omomcHpm;rI (aomreóa0'em)ESihf pdwüf jzpfaom qif;qif;&J&JcpH m;rI (a'gre
óa0'em) [lí (2) rsK;d &So
d nf/ Oayu©ma0'emonfum; uGJjym;rI r&S?d apwodu Oayu©m wpfrsK;d
wnf;om&S\
d /
G H
a
EF
a0'em (5)yg; toD;oD;ESihf ,SOfaom pdwfrsm;
£È´d,ab'enf;
pOf a0'em ,SOpf w

d Of ;D a& ,SOaf ompdwrf sm;
1/ okca0'em = 1 t[dwfukov0dygufokco[*kwfum,0dnmPfpdwf
(1)yg;üom,SO\
f /
2/ 'kua© 0'em = 1 tukov0dyguf 'kuo
© [*kwf um,0dnmPfpw
d f (1)yg;ü
,SO\
f /
3/ a'greóa0'em = 2 a'gorlpdwf (2) yg;ü ,SOfonf/
4/ aomreóa0'em = 62 (u) umr aomreópdwf 18 yg;

( c ) r[*¾Kwaf omreópdwf 12 yg;
( * ) avmukw&å maomreópdwf 32 yg;
aygif; = 62 yg;
aomreó a0'emonf aomreópdwf (62) yg;wdkYESihf
,SOo f nf/
5/ Oayu©ma0'em = 55 (u) umrOayu©mpdwf 32 yg;

( c ) r[*¾KwOf ayu©mpdwf 15 yg;
( * ) avmukwå&m Oayu©mpdwf 8 yg;
aygif; = 55 yg;
tm&r®PmEkb0eenf;ESifh £È´d,ab'enf;udk aygif;pyfjcif;

pOf tm&r®PmEkb0eenf; £È, ´d ab'enf; oauFw ,SOaf ompdwf
1/ okca0'em 1/ okca0'em okco[*kwu f m,
= 1
= 1 0dnmPfpw
d f = 1 yg;
aomreó
= 62 2/ aomreóa0'em = 62
o[*kwpf wd f = 62 yg;
2/ 'kua© 0'em 3/ 'kua© 0'em 'kuo
© [*kwu f m,
= 1 = 1
0dnmPfpwd f = 1 yg;
= 2 4/ a'greóa0'em
= 2 a'gorla'G = 2 yg;
3/ Oayu©ma0'em = 55 5/ Oayu©ma0'em = 55 Oayu©mo[*kwpf w
d f = 55 yg;
G H
126
a
EF
2/ a[wko*F[
]a&aomufjrpfE,
S ?f aus;Zl;<u,f? Bu;D us,af Mumif;&if;rsm;}
]a[wk}[laom ygVdudk ][dwf}[lí jrefrmrIjyKxm;onf/ [dwf (6)yg;&Sd\/ avmb[dwf?
a'go[dw?f arm[[dw?f tavmb[dw?f ta'go[dw?f tarm[[dww f jYkd zpfMuonf/
[dwfqdkonfrSm ]a&aomufjrpfES,f? aus;Zl;<u,f? BuD;us,faMumif;&if;rsm;}[k
qdo
k nht
f wdik ;f a&aomufjrpfyrm qdik &f mtusK;d rsm;udk jzpfapaomaMumihf ][dw}f rnf\/
[dwftay:tajccHí pdwfç apwodufwdkYudk aygif;pka&wGufjyjcif;udk ]a[wko*F[}[k
ac:onf/
[dwf (6) yg;\ w&m;udk,f

]avm + a'g + arm oH;k ? t ESifh oH;k ? ac:x;kH [dwaf jcmufyg;}
pOf [dwf w&m;ud,

k af pwoduf rSwcf suf
1/ avmb[dwf avmbapwoduf
2/ a'go[dwf a'goapwoduf tukodkvf [dwf (3) yg;
3/ arm[[dwf arm[apwoduf
4/ tavmb[dwf tavmbapwoduf
5/ ta'go[dwf ta'goapwoduf ukodkvf [dwf (3) yg;
6/ tarm[[dwf yndaÈa´ pwoduf
1/ {u[dwfpdwf (2) yg;

[dwf (1) yg;ESi,
fh OS af ompdwf (2)yg;qdo
k nfrmS arm[rlpw
d f (2) yg;yifjzpfonf/
2/ 'dG[dwfpdwf (22) yg;

(u) a'gorl (2)yg;wdw Yk Gif [dwx f ukd af om a'go[dwEf iS fh arm[[dwf (2)yg;,SOMf uonf/
avmbrl (8) yg;wdüYk avmb[dwEf iS fh arm[[dwf (2)yg;,SOMf uonf/
(c) umraombeÓP0dy, Ü w k pf w d f (12)yg;wdüYk tavmb[dwEf iS fh ta'go[dwf (2)yg;
,SOMf uonf/
txufyg tukov dk pf w
d f (10)yg;ESifh umraombeÓP0dy, Ü wk pf w
d f (12)yg;? aygi;f (22)yg;
aom pdww
f o Ykd nf [dwf (2)yg;ESi, fh OS af omaMumihf 'dG[w d pf w
d rf sm;jzpfMuonf/
G H
a
EF
3/ wd[dwfpdwf (47) yg;

([dwo f ;kH yg;,SO?f wd[w d wf iG ?f ocFsmaZmoawå;)
[dwf (3) yg;ESi,fh OS af ompdwf (47)yg;onf aombersm;csn;f jzpfMuonf/
(u) umraombe ÓPorÜ,w k pf w
d f 12 yg;
(c) r[*¾Kwpf w d f 27 yg;
(*) avmukwå&mpdwf 8 yg;
aygi;f = 47 yg;
xdkaombepdwf (47)yg;wdkYonf (tavmb? ta'go? tarm[) [laom ukodkvf[dwf
(3)yg;ESifh wpfaygi;f wnf;,SOMf uonf/
tukodkvfü tjzpfrsm;aom[dwf
tukovkd [ f w
d f (3)yg;teuf arm[[dwo f nf tukov kd jf zpfwikd ;f (tukov
kd f 12 yg;vH;k ü)
yg0ifaomaMumihf owå0gw\ Ykd oEÅmefütjzpftrsm;qH;k tukov
kd [ f w d jf zpfonf/
t[dwfpdwf (18) yg;
t[dwfpdwf (18)yg;wdkYonf ,SOfzufw&m;wdkYudk cdkifNrJapaom [dwfwdkYESihf r,SOf&aom
aMumihf tajctjrpf ([dw)f r&Sad ompdwrf sm;jzpfonf/
{u[dwfyk*¾Kdvfr&Sd
pdwüf ]{u[dw}f pdw[ f íl &Sad omfvnf; yk*K¾ vd üf ]{u[dwyf *k K¾d v}f [lír&Syd g/
{u[dwfpdwfonf y#doaE¨pdwfr[kwf/ y0wdåpdwfrQomjzpfaomaMumihf {u[dwfyk*d¾Kvf
[lí r&Syd g/ t[dwyf *k K¾d vçf 'dG[wd yf *k K¾d v[
f íl ac:a0:&jcif;onf y#doaEËiS , fh OS af ompdwu
f kd tpGJjyKí
ac:jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ wdufjzihf[dwf (9)yg;
wduf (wdu)[lonfrSm oHk;ckwGJjzpf\/ pdwfwdkYudk oHk;cktpkcGJjcm;ygu (1) ukodkvfpdwf? (2)
tukov kd f pdwEf iS fh (3) tAsmuwpdw[ f íl oH;k rsK;d &Sod nf/ xdpk w
d w f EYkd iS ,fh OS af om [dwf (3)rsK;d &So
d nf/
1/ ukov kd [ f w d f (3)yg; / / ukov kd pf wd rf sm;wGi,
f OS af om (tavmb? ta'go? tarm[)
ukov kd [ f wd f (3)yg;jzpfonf/
2/ tukov kd [ f w d f (3)yg; / / tukodkvfpdwfrsm;wGif,SOfaom (avmb? a'go? arm[)
[dw(f 3) yg;wdo Yk nf tukov dk [ f w d rf nf\/
3/ tAsmuw[dwf (3)yg; / / tAsmuw (0dyguçf Bu, d m) pdwrf sm;wGif ,SOaf om (tavmb?
ta'go? tarm[) ukov kd [f w d f (3)yg;udyk if tAsmuw[dwf
(3)yg;[kac:onf/
ukov dk [ f w d f (3)yg;? tukov
dk [ f w
d f (3)yg;ESifh tAsmuw[dwf (3)yg;? aygi;f wdut f m;jzihf
[dwf (9)yg;&So d nf/
G H
128
a
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3/ udpöo*F[
]udp}ö [lonf trIvyk if ef;udak c:onf/ avmuü a&mif;0,fr?I w&m;qH;k jzwfrpI aom vlw\ Ykd
aqmif&Gupf &mtrIvyk if ef;udk ]udp}ö [kac:í? xdvk yk if ef;udjk yKvyk &f m tvky½f u kH kd ]Xme}[kac:onf/
xdek nf;twl pdww f \Ykd &Guaf qmifMuaom trIvyk if ef;rsm;udk ]udp}ö [k ac:qo kd nf/
pdwwf \Ykd &Guaf qmifMuaom trIvyk if ef;udpu ö kd tajccHí pdw?f apwoduw f u
Ykd kd a&wGujf y
jcif;udk ]udpoö *F[}[kac:onf/
udpöESihfXmetxl;
w&m;olBuD;? w&m;pD&ifrIudpö? ½Hk;[lí (3)rsKd;&SdouJhodkY y#doaE¨pdwf? qufpyfrIvkyfief;?
qufpyfrI jyKvkyf&mXmetm;jzihf oabmwlyHkudkMunhfí udpöESihfXmewdkY oabmrwlaMumif; odEdkif
onf/
Xme (10) yg; udpö 14 yg; ESifh udpö0EÅ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 1010
yÍö0dn mPfXme
Xme 10 yg; y#d tm orÜ oEÅD w'g
b0if Cm om zko 0ka |m aZm pkw d
oaE¨ 0ZÆef; 'óe o0e #dpKä id ;f &P ½Hk
,e ,e e
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
y#d tm ' o Cm om zk oH P 0k aZm ½Hk pk

udpö 14 yg; b0if
quf qif jrif Mum; eH vsuf awGU vuf ppf ydik ;f cH vdu
k f a&GU
pDpOf
pyf jcif ½I em rI rI xd cH aq; jcm; pm; pm; vsm;
udpö0EÅ (ocsFm ) 19 19 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 55 11 19
4 4 8 4
(udpö P 4 4 8
55 5 r puf aom
ao Cm Zd um oH 5 5 5
aqmif&Gu f 2 r 8 8 -2
88 8 y 2 m2 2 2 2 2 8
aom pdw f) +1 +1 +1
-2 -2 12 -2
pdwfwdkY\udpö aqmif&Guf&mXmeonf a&SUpdwfESihf aemufpdwfwdkY\tMum; umvwdkuav;

jzpfonhf tEÅ&ynwfyifjzpfonf/ tm0ZÆef;ESihf orÜ#d pdäKif;wdkY\tMum; umvonf ('óeudpö?
o0eudp?ö Cm,e udp?ö om,eudp?ö zkoeudp)ö [lí (5) udpw ö jYkd zpf&m (yÍö0n
d mPfXme)[k wpfXme
wnf; owfrw S xf m; aomaMumihf udpö (14)yg;&Sad omfvnf; Xmetm;jzihf (10)yg;om&S\ d /
pdwfwdkYaqmif&GufMuonhfudpö (14)yg;
* ]qufpyfç pDpOfç qifjcifç jrif½I? Mum;emrIESihf eHrIç vsufrIç awGUxdrIrSefç vufcHç ppfaq;
ydkif;jcm;a&;wnhf}
* oda&;wGiu f s,?f wmwG,vf u
kd pf m;? a&Gv
U sm;ajymif;pGm? q,haf v;jzm? jyK&mudppö Of/}
G H
a
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1/ y#doaEüdpö / (qufpyf) b0a[mif;ESifh b0opf (2)&yfukd wpfpyfwnf; xifrw S &f atmif

qufpyfay;jcif;udp/ö
2/ b0ifudpö / (pDpOf) uHt&Sdef&SdorQ wpfb0vHk; emrfcE¨mtpOfrjywf&atmif b0\
jzpfaMumif; pDpOfay;rIudpö/ (y#doaE¨pdwf\ tjcm;rJhü pdwftpOfjywfvQif
wpfb0 tqH;k owf&zG,&f ídS b0ifpw d f qufvufjzpf&\/ y0wdt å cgüvnf;
qdik &f m tm½Ho k pfrsm; twGuf 0Dxpd w d rf sm;jzpfNy;D csKyaf ysmufaomtcg b0if
pdwf ray:vmygu b0cE¨mjywfz, G &f \ dS / uHt&Sed &f o
dS rQ wpfb0vH;k emrfcE¨m
tpOfrjywf&atmif b0ifpw d u f qufpyfay;&\/
3/ tm0ZÆef;udpö / (qifjcif) tm½H(k topf)udk qifjcifru I pd /ö
4/ 'óeudpö / (jrif½)I tqif;udjk rifjcif;f udp/ö
5/ o0eudpö / (Mum;em) toHuMkd um;jcif;udp/ö
6/ Cm,eudpö / (eHr)I teHcY , H jl cif;udp/ö
7/ om,eudpö / (vsurf )I &om½ku H kd vsurf ?I pm;rI? om,mrIupd /ö
8/ zkoeudpö / (awGx U )d awGx U jd cif;udp/ö
9/ orÜ#d pädKif;udpö / (vufc)H tm½Hu k kd cH,o l uJo h Ykd jzpfjcif;udp/ö
(tm0ZÆe;f pdwu f qifjcifí yÍö0n d mPfu ,lNy;D aomtm½Hu k kd vufoihcf jH cif;
tvkyo f nf orÜ#d pKdä i;f pdw\ f udpjö zpfonf/)
10/ oEDÅ&Pudpö / (ppfaq;) tm½Hak umif;raumif;udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;udp/ö
(orÜ#d pädKif;pdwfu vufcHxm;aom tm½Hkudk aumif;? raumif; pHkprf;jcif;
udpu ö kd oED&Å Ppdwu f aqmif&Guo f nf/)
11/ 0ka|mudpö / (ydkif;jcm;) tm½Hkudk (om,mzG,f? rom,mzG,f)[lí ydkif;jcm;rSwfom;jcif;?
qH;k jzwfjcif;udp/ö
12/ aZmudpö / (cHpm;) tm½H\ k t&omudk t&Sed t f [kejf zihf cHpm;jcif;udp/ö
13/ w'g½u kH pd ö / (vdu k pf m;) aZm\aemufoYkd tpOfvu kd Nf y;D aZm\tm½Hu k kd qufvuf,jl cif;
udp/ö
14/ pkwud pd ö / (a&Gv U sm;) jzpfqJb0rS a&GaU vsmjcif;udp/ö
(uHt&Sed u f ek af omtcg b0ifpw d o f nf aemufxyfrqufpyfEikd af wmh? tqH;k
owfjzpfaom b0ifpdwfudkyif jzpfqJb0rS avsmusjcif; oabmaMumihf
(pkwpd w d )f [kac:\/)
aomreóoEDÅ &Ppdwf y#doaEüdpörwyf
aomreó oEDÅ&Ppdwfudk y|mef;y#dpö0g&ü y0wdåtpGrf;jzihfom a0zefjy\/ y#doaE¨
tpGr;f jzihf a0zefrjyonfuakd xmufíy#doaE¨\ tpGr;f jzihf jzpfjcif;oabm r&Sad omaMumihf y#doaE¨
udpörwyfEdkifyg/
G H
130
a
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r[*¾Kwf avmukwå&mpdwf yÍö'Gg&ü rjzpfjcif;

r[*¾Kw?f avmukw&å mpdww
f o
Ykd nf "r®m½Ht
k m½Hjk yKNy;D yÍöm½Hu
k kd tm½Hrk jyKaomaMumihf yÍö'Gg&ü
rjzpfyg/
tm0ZÆef;a'GaZmudpörwyf
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfESihf raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; 2 yg;onf Bud,mpdwfrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; aZmudpö
rwyfEdkifyg/
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfonf jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf ponfjzihf pdwfwpfckjzpfvmatmif b0ifpdwfrsm;
jzpfNy;D cgp tpqH;k pdwjf zpfaomaMumihf tm;ao;\/ tm½H\ k t&omudk cHpm;Ekid af om oabmr&S/d
xdek nf;twl raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwo f nfvnf; raem'Gg&m0Dxpd w
d rf sm;jzpf&atmif cvkwzf iG afh y;
aompdwjf zpfí tm;ao;\/ tm½H\ k t&omudk cHpm;Ekid af om oabmr&S/d
xdaYk Mumihf tm0ZÆe;f a'Gonf aZmudprö wyfEidk Mf uyg/
r*fpdwfaZmudpöwyf
r*fpdwfonf wpfBudrfomjzpfaomfvnf; tm½Hk\t&omudk cHpm;Ekdifaom oabm&Sdaom
aMumihf aZmudpw ö yfEidk o
f nf/
zdkvfpdwfaZmudpöwyf
zdkvfpdwfonf r*fpdwf\ xufjrufaom owdåtm;vHk; cH,l&ojzihf r*fpdwfuJhodkY aZmudpö
wyfEidk f onf/
bk&m;? &[EÅmwdkY\ oEÅmefüjzpfaom taombeaZmpdwf
bk&m;? &[EÅmwd\
Yk oEÅmefü ukov
kd ?f tukov
kd pf w
d w
f Ykd r&oih?f Bu,
d maZmrsm;om &oih\
f /
odkYjzpfí [odwkyÜg'fpdwfonf t[dwfBud,mjzpfaomaMumihf bk&m;&[EÅmwdkYüjzpfaom taom
beaZmpdwf jzpfonf/
G H
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udpöESihf Xmewyfaompdwfrsm;
[if;cGufü ZGef;&SdvQif ZGef;wyfxm;onf[k qdkouJhodkY (udpöwyfonf) [k qdkjcif;rSm udpö
&So
d nf/ aqmif&Guof nf[k qdv k jkd cif;jzpfonf/
pOf udp?ö Xmewyfaompdwf rSwcf suf

1/ wpfudpö? wpfXme&Sdaompdwf (u) yÍö0n d mPfXmewpfcük
- 68 yg; 1/ pu©K0n d mPfa'Gonf 'óe (jrifr)I udpu ö okd m aqmif&u G \f /
(u) a'GyÍö0n d mPf 10 2/ aomw0dnmPfa'Gonf o0e (Mum;rI) udpu ö o kd m aqmif&u G \f /
( c ) raem"mwf 3 3/ Cme0dnmPfa'Gonf Cm,e (eHr)I udpu ö o kd m aqmif&u G \
f /
( * ) aZmpdwf 55 4/ Zd0mS 0dnmPfa'Gonf om,e (vsurf )I udpu ö o kd m aqmif&u G \f /
aygif; 68 5/ um,0dnmPfa'Gonf zkoe (awGUxdr)I udpu ö o kd m aqmif&u G \ f /
(c) raem"mwf (3) [kqt kd yfaom
1/ orÜ#d pKäd i;f a'Gonf orÜ#dpdäKif;Xmeü orÜ#dpKäd i;f udpu ö o kd m aqmif&u G \ f /
2/ yÍö'gG &m0ZÆe;f pdwo
f nf tm0ZÆe;f Xmeü tm0ZÆe;f udpu ö o kd m aqmif&u G \ f /
(*) aZmpdwf (55)yg;wko dY nf aZmXmeü aZmudpw ö u Ydk o kd m aqmif&u G \ f /
xd(k 68)yg;aom pdww f o Ykd nf qkid &f mudpw
ö pfcu k o kd m qdik &f mXmewpfcük
aqmif&u G af omaMumihf wpfupd çö wpfXme&Sad ompdwrf sm; jzpfMuonf/
2/ ESpfudpö? ESpfXme&Sdaompdwf (u) aomreó oEÅ&D Ppdwf (1)yg;onf oEÅ&D PXmeü oEÅ&D Pudpö
- 2 yg; w'g½Hk Xmeü w'g½Hu
k pd ö [lí ESpu
f pd Eö pS Xf me&So
d nf/
(u) aomreóoEÅD&P 1
( c ) raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; 1 (c) raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwo
f nf tm0ZÆe;f Xmeü tm0ZÆe;f udpwö yfí 0ka|mXmeü
aygif; 2 0ka|mudpö wyfaomaMumifh ESpu
f pd Eö pS Xf me&So
d nf/
3/ oHk;udpö? oHk;Xme&Sdaompdwf r[*¾Kw0f yd gufpw

d f (9)yg;wdo
Yk nf
- 9 yg; 1/ y#doaE¨Xmeü y#doaEüpd ö
r[*¾Kwf0dyguf 9 2/ b0ifXmeü b0ifupd ö
aygif; 9 3/ pkwXd meü pkwu d pd [
ö í
l (3)udpö (3)Xme&So
d nf/
4/ av;udp?ö av;Xme&Sad ompdwf r[m0dygufpw d f (8)yg;wdoYk nf

r[m0dygufpdwf 8 2/ b0ifXmeü b0ifupd ö
aygif; 8 3/ pkwXd meü pkwu d pd ö
4/ w'g½HXk meü w'g½Hu k pd [
ö í
l (4)udp?ö (4)Xme&So
d nf/
5/ ig;udpö? ig;Xme&Sdaompdwf Oayu©m oEÅD&Ppdwf (2)yg;wdo Yk nf

Oayu©m oEÅD&Ppdwf 2 2/ b0ifXmeü b0ifupd ö
aygif; 2 3/ pkwXd meü pkwu
d pd ö
4/ oEÅD&PXmeü oEÅD&Pudpö
5/ w'g½HXk meü w'g½Huk pd [
ö í
l (5)udp?ö (5)Xme&So
d nf/
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132
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4/ 'Gg&o*F[
'Gg&\ yif&if;teufonf ]wHcg;ayguf}yifjzpfonf/ tdrf? ausmif; ponfwdkY\ yuwd wHcg;

aygufrsm;onf vlwdkY\ 0ifa&mufaMumif;jzpfouJhodkY cE¨mtdrfü pu©Kyom'tp&Sdaom wHcg;
aygurf sm;onfvnf; pu©K'Gg&ud 0Dxpd w d f ponfw\ Ykd 0ifa&mufonhyf rmjzpfí 'Gg&rnf\/ þuJo
h Ykd
wifpm;í pu©Kyom' ponfwu Ykd kd 'Gg& (wHcg;aygu)f [k ac:q\ dk /
tm½Hk0ifa&muf&m 'Gg& (6) yg;tay:rlwnfí pdwf? apwodufwkdYudk aygif;pka&wGufjyjcif;udk
]'Gg&o*F[}[kac:onf/
'Gg& (6) yg;ESifh w&m;udk,foabm
puf+aom+Cm+ZD? um+reD? ajcmufv'D Gg&rSw/f
pOf 'Gg& - 6 yg; t"dyÜm,f? w&m;udk,f
1 pu©K'Gg& - tqif;tm½Hk0ifa&muf&m rsufpdwHcg;ayguf? w&m;udk,frSm
pu©Kyom' (rsufpdtMunf"mwf)/
2 aomw'Gg& ½kyf'Gg& (5) yg; - toHtm½Hk0ifa&muf&m em;wHcg;ayguf? w&m;udk,frSm

aomwyom' (em;tMunf"mwf)/
3 Cme'Gg& - teHYtm½Hk0ifa&muf&m ESmwHcg;ayguf? w&m;udk,frSm

Cmeyom' (ESmacgif;tMunf"mwf)/
4 Zd0Sm'Gg& - t&omtm½Hk0ifa&muf&m vQmwHcg;ayguf? w&m;udk,frSm

Zd0Smyom' (vQmtMunf"mwf)/
5 um,'Gg& - txdtawGU azm|AÁtm½Hk0ifa&muf&m udk,fwHcg;ayguf?

w&m;udk,frSm um,yom' (udk,ftMunf"mwf)/
6 raem'Gg& emrf'Gg& (1) yg; - pdwful;tm½Hk ponfhtm½Hk (6)yg;0ifa&muf&m pdwfwHcg;ayguf/

w&m;udk,frSm b0ifpdwf (19)yg;? (emrftMunf"mwf)/
]]b0ifq,fhudk;? pdwftrsKd;? ac:½dk;raem'Gg/}}
]]raem[lonf? zdwfzdwfvnf? tMunfemrfwdkYom/}}
'Gg&0drkwfpdwf (19) yg;

]q,fu h ;kd y#doef? pdwt
f rSef ajcmufwef'Gg&vGw}f
Oayu©m oED&Å Ppdwf - 2 yg;? r[m0dygupf w d f - 8 yg;ESifh r[*¾Kw0f yd gupf w
d f - 9 yg;? þ (19)yg;
aom pdww f oYkd nf ]'Gg&0drwk pf w
d }f rsm; jzpfMuonf/
xdpk w
d f (19) yg;onf y#doaEüpd ?ö b0ifupd ?ö pkwu d pd w ö u
Ykd kd aqmif&Guo f nht f cg rnfonhf
'Gg&ürQ rjzpfay:acs/ ZeuuH (twdwu f )H t[keof ufoufaMumiho f mjzpfí 'Gg& (6)yg;rS vGwaf om
aMumihf ]'Gg&0drw k pf w
d }f trnf&onf/
G H
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xdpk w
d rf sm;onf vGecf Jo
h nhb
f 0 r&PmoEéaZmu tm½Hjk yKcJah om uH? ur®erd w
d ?f *wderd w
d f
wpfcck u
k o
kd m tm½Hjk yK\/
'Gg&toD;oD;ü jzpfay:aompdwfrsm;
pdweå ,
d mroabmt& tm½HEk iS fh 'Gg&wdYk xdcu
kd w
f u
kd q
f ikd af omtcg pdwrf sm;jzpfay:vmayonf/
1/ pu©K'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg;
½lyg½Hkonf pu©K'Gg&ü xifvmvQif b0iftpOfjywfí yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf (1)yg;? pu©K0dnmPf
(2)yg;? orÜ#d pKä id ;f (2)yg;? oED&Å P (3) yg;? 0ka|m (1) yg; (raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f )? umraZm (29)yg;? w'g½kH
(8)yg; [lí pu©K'Gg&üjzpfEikd af ompdwf (46) yg;&S\ d /
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1
pu©K0n d mPfa'G 2
orÜ#d pädKif; 2
oEDÅ&P 3
0ka|m (raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f ) 1
umraZm 29
w'g½kH 8
aygif; 46
pu©K'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg;
aZm
y'Gg p oH P 0k ½Hk
= 46 yg;
1 2 2 3 1 8 8 8
+ 1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
2/ aomw'Gg&dupdwf (46) yg;

o'´g½o kH nf aomw'Gg&ü xifvmvQif b0ifpw d jf ywfí aomw'Gg&ud pdwf (46)yg;jzpfonf/
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1-yg;? aomw0dnmPfa'G? orÜ#d pädKif; 2-yg;? oEDÅ&P 3-yg;? 0ka|m 1-yg;
(raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f )? umraZm 29-yg;? w'g½kH 8-yg;? aygi;f (46)yg;wnf;/
G H
134
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aomw'Gg&dupdwf (46) yg;

aZm
y'Gg aom oH P 0k ½Hk
= 46 yg;
1 2 2 3 1 88 8
+ 1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
3/ Cme'Gg&dupdwf (46) yg;
*E¨m½Ho
k nf Cme'Gg&üxifvmvQif b0iftpOfjywfí Cme'Gg&ü pdwaf ygi;f (46)yg; jzpfEikd o
f nf/
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1-yg;? Cme0dnmPfa'G? orÜ#d pädKif;2-yg;? oEDÅ&P 3-yg;? 0ka|m 1-yg;
(raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f )? umraZm 29-yg;? w'g½kH 8-yg;? aygi;f (46)yg;wnf;/
aZm
y'Gg Cm oH P 0k ½Hk
= 46 yg;
1 2 2 3 1 88 8
+ 1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
4/ Zd0Sg'Gg&dupdwf (46) yg;

&om½Ho k nf Zd0gS 'Gg&üxifvmvQif b0iftpOfjywfí Zd0gS 'Gg&ü pdwaf ygi;f (46)yg;jzpfEikd o
f nf/
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1-yg;? Zd0Sg0dnmPfa'G? orÜ#d pädKif; 2-yg;? oEDÅ&P 3-yg;? 0ka|m 1-yg;
(raem'Gg&m 0ZÆe;f )? umraZm 29-yg;? w'g½kH 8-yg;? aygi;f (46)yg;wnf;/
aZm
y'Gg Zd oH P 0k ½Hk
= 46 yg;
1 2 2 3 1 88 8
+ 1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
5/ um,'Gg&dupdwf (46) yg;

azm|AÁm½Hkonf um,'Gg&ü xifvmvQif b0iftpOfjywfí um,'Gg&dupdwfaygif; (46)yg;
jzpfEikd o
f nf/
G H
a
EF
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1-yg;? um,0dnmPfa'G? orÜ#d pädKif; 2-yg;? oEDÅ&P 3-yg;? 0ka|m 1-yg;
(raem'Gg&m 0ZÆe;f )? umraZm 29-yg;? w'g½kH 8-yg;? aygi;f (46)yg;wnf;/
aZm
y'Gg um oH P 0k ½Hk
= 46 yg;
1 2 2 3 1 88 8
+1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
6/ raem'Gg&dupdwf (67) yg;

"r®m½Ho
k nf raem'Gg&ü xifvmvQif b0iftpOfjywfí raem'Gg&u
d pdwaf ygi;f (67)yg; jzpfEikd o
f nf/
raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f 1
umraZm 29
tyÜemaZm 26
w'g½Hk 11
aygi;f 67
]]ajcmufq,hf cGefom? raem'Gg? ocFsmpdwfa&&}} (tyÜemaZm = 26)

8
4 4
r 5 5 ½Hk
= 67 yg;
1 8 8 8
+ 1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
5/ yÍö'Gg&dupdwf (54) yg;

(yÍö0dnmPf)
aZm
y'Gg oH P 0k ½Hk
= 54 yg;
1 10 2 3 1 8 8 8
+ 1 (3)
(12)
(umraZm = 29)
G H
136
a
EF
yÍö'Gg&dupdwf (54) yg;
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf 1yg;? yÍö0n

d mPf 10 yg;? orÜ#pd Kdä i;f 2 yg;? oED&Å P 3yg;? 0ka|m 1 yg;? umraZm
29 yg;? w'g½kH 8 yg;? aygi;f (54) yg;/
'Gg&wdYk ü tm½Hktm;avsmfpGmjzpfyHk
pu©K'gG &u
d paom 0Dxpd w
d rf sm;jzpf&mü 46 yg;vH;k wpfNyKd ief ufjzpfonfr[kw/f ½lyg½u
kH ted|m½Hk
jzpfvQif tukov0dyguf pu©K0n
d mPfç orÜ#d pKdä i;f ç oED&Å Pç w'g½jkH zpf\/
£|m½Hçk twd£|m½Hjk zpfvQif ukov0dyguf pu©K0n
d mPf pojzihf jzpf\/ £|m½Hük Oayu©moEDÅ
&Pw'g½?kH twd£|m½Hük aomreóoED&Å Pw'g½jkH zpf\/
bHktm;avsmfpGmjzpfyHk
umrbHük jzpfaomf pu©K'Gg&u

d pdwf 46-yg; ponfwYkd tm;vH;k jzpf\/ ½lybHük w'g½rkH jzpf/ t½ly
bHük yÍö'Gg&u
d pdwrf jzpf/
yk*¾Kdvftm;avsmfpGmjzpfyHk
ykxkZOfç aou©yk*d¾KvfwdkYoEÅmefü ukodkvfaZmç tukodkvfaZmrsm; jzpfMu\/ &[EÅmoEÅmefü

Bud,maZmjzpf\/
reodum&tm;avsmfpGmjzpfyHk
ykxZk Ofç aou©y*k K¾d vw

f o
Ykd EÅmefü a,medaomreodum& &Sv
d Qif ukov
kd af Zmjzpf\/ ta,medaom
reodum& &Sv
d Qif tukov
kd af Zmjzpf\/
G H
a
EF
wpf'Gg&ponfwdkYüjzpfaompdwfrsm; &Sif;vif;csuf
pOf 'Gg&dupdwf pdwt

f rnf
1 1 'Gg &üjzpfaom (u) a'G yÍö0dnmPf10yg;
pdwf (36)yg; (c) tyÜemaZm (26) yg;
({u'Gg &dupdwf)
aygif; 36
2 5 'Gg &üjzpfaom (u) yÍö'Gg &m0ZÆef;
pdwf (3)yg; pdwf 1
(yÍö'Gg &dupdwf) (c) orÜ#dpädKif;
pdwf 2
aygif; 3
3 6 'Gg &ü tNrJjzpfaom (u) raem'Gg&m
pdwf 31 yg; 0ZÆef;pdwf 1
(q'Gg&dupdwf) (c) aomreó
oEDÅ&Ppdwf 1
(*) umraZm 29
aygif; 31
4 6 'Gg &ü &Hcgjzpf &HcgvGwfaompdwf (10)yg; (u) Oayu©m
&HcgvGwfpdwf o[*kwf oEDÅ
(10)yg; o&Ppdwf 2
(q'Gg&du 0drkwåpdwf) (c)r[m0dyguf
pdwf 8
(taeuef'Gg&0drkwf 10 yg;) aygif; 10
5 6 'Gg &rS tNrJvGwfaompdwf (9) yg; r[*¾K wf0dyguf
]]oAÁxm'Gg &0drkwåpdwf}} pdwf 9
aygif; 9
'Gg&ESihf apwodufrsm;
pdwjf zpfaom'Gg&ü ,SOzf ufapwodurf sm;onf wpfNyKd iw f nf; jzpfMuonf/
1/ ynwfw&m;udk tm½HkjyKaom tyÜrnma'Gonf ½kyfyÍö'Gg&wdkYü rjzpfxdkuf? raem'Gg&üom
jzpfxu kd f \/ r[mukov dk f r[mBu,d mç ½lyukov
kd çf ½lyBu,d mwdüYk ,SOcf u
kd f raem'Gg&üjzpf\/
½ly0dyguüf ,SOcf ukd f 'Gg&rSvGw\ f /
2/ 0d&wD (3) yg;onf raem'Gg&üom jzpf\/
3/ tukov kd af pwoduf (14) yg;onf (6) 'Gg&ü jzpf\/
4/ tnormef; 13? 0d&wD? tyÜrnmMuOf aombeapwoduf 20? aygi;f apwoduf 33 yg;onf
&Hcg 6 - 'Gg&üjzpfí &Hcg 6 - 'Gg&rS vGw\f /
G H
138
a
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5/ tm&r®Po*F[
tm½Hk[laom a0g[m&onf ]tm&r®P? tmvrÁP}[laom ygVdwdkYrS jzpfay:vm\/ vlwdkY\

arGaU vsm&f mjzpfouJoh Ykd ½lyg½?kH o'´g½pkH aom (6) yg;aom tm½Hw k o Ykd nf pdw?f apwoduf wd\ Yk arGaU vsm&f m
jzpfMuí tm&r®P (tm½H)k rnfMu\/
]tmvrÁe} o'´gonf ]qGJudkiftyfaom0w¬K} [laom t"dyÜm,f&Sd\/ awmifa0S;BudK;wef;
wdoYk nf roefprG ;f olwt Ykd m; qGuJ ikd rf w
DS ,
G &f mtjzpfjzihf aus;Zl;jyKouJo h Ykd ½lyg½kH o'´g½pkH aom ajcmufyg;
aom w&m;tpkwdkYonfvnf; pdwf? apwodufwdkYtm; qGJudkifrSDwG,f&mtjzpfjzihf aus;Zl;jyKaom
aMumihf tmvrÁe (tm½H)k [kvnf; trnf&\/
]]qGJudkifrSDwG,f? aus;Zl;<u,f? ajcmufoG,fac:tm½Hk}}

pdwf? apwodufwdkYrnfonf tm½Hkwpfckckudk trSDjyKNyD;jzpfay:Mu&\/ tm½Hkudk rlwnfí pdwf?
apwoduwf u Ykd kd oN*KØ [af ygi;f pk a&wGujf cif;udk ]tm&r®Po*F[} [kac:onf/
tm½Hk 6 yg;ESihf w&m;udk,foabm

]½ly + o'´? *E¨ + &o? azm|AÁ? "r® ajcmuftm½H}k
pOf tm½Hka jcmufy g; w&m;udk, f t"dy Üm ,f
1 ½ly g½Hk 0P Ö pu©K 0dn mP fj zihfj rif& aom tqif;[lo rQonf ½ly g½Hkj zpf\ /
2 o'´g ½Hk o'´ aomw0dn mP fj zihf Mum;&aom toH[ lo rQonf o'´g ½Hkj zpf\ /
3 *E¨m½Hk *E´ Cme0dn mP fj zihf erf;½I& aom teHY[ lo rQonf *E¨m½Hkj zpf\ /
4 &om½Hk &o Zd0 Sg 0dn mP fj zihf vsuf& aom t&om[lo rQonf &om½Hkj zpf\ /
5 azm|AÁm½Hk yx0D? awaZm? 0ga,m um,0dn mP fj zihf awGYx d& aom tMurf;? tEk? tylt at;
paom t&m0w¬K [lo rQonf azm|AÁm½Hkr nf\ /
6 "r®m½Hk 1/ yom'½ky f 5 yg;
2/
3/
4/
okc kr ½ky f
pdw f 89
apwodu f
16 yg;
1 yg;
52 yg;
} awumvdu"r®m½Hk
5/ edA Ámef 1 yg;

6/ ynwf 1 yg;
} umv0drw
k "f r®m½Hk
aygif; 76 yg;
"r®m½Hk
½ky?f pdwEf iS fh apwoduf 3 yg;wdo Yk nf awumvdu"r®m½Hrk sm;jzpfMuNy;D edAmÁ efEiS fh ynwf (2) yg;
wdo
Yk nf umv0drw k "f r®m½Hrk sm; jzpfMuygonf/
awumvdu "r®m½Hk (3) yg;
ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wf (3) yg;udk (awumvdu) umv 3 yg;[k ac:q\ kd / y&rw¬w&m;rsm;
jzpfMuaom ½kyw f &m;? emrfw&m;wdo
Yk nf ]Oyg'?f XD? bif}[lí tvGev
f sijf refpGm jzpf? wnf? ysuv
f suf
&SMd u\/
G H
a
EF
1/ jzpfay:í rcsKyrf D ]]Oyg'f? XD? bif}}tm;jzihf txift&Sm;&Scd u

kd f tm½Hu
k kd (ypöKyeÜ f tm½H)k [kac:onf/
2/ ]]Oyg'f? XD? bif}} aphí csKyfavNyD;aomtm½Hkudk (twdwftm½Hk)[k ac:qdkonf/
3/ taMumif;nDñw G v
f Qif {uefjzpfay:rnhf tm½Hu k kd (tem*wftm½H)k [kac:qdo k nf/
"r®m½Hw
k iG f yg0ifaom pdw?f apwoduEf iS fh ½kywf oYkd nf twdw?f ypöKyeÜ ?f tem*wf[í l umv (3)
yg;pD&MdS uaomaMumihf ]]awumvdu "r®m½H}k }[k ac:qdyk gonf/
umv0drkwf "r®m½Hk (2) yg;

]]edAÁmef + ynwf? ESpf&yf"r®? jzpfuif;y? umv0drkwfBuHK}}
(umv0drkwå = umv = twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wfumv 3 yg;rS + 0drkwå = tvGwfwnf;)
ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wf[al omumv (3)yg;rS vGwaf omtm½Hu k kd ]]umv0drw k t
f m½H}k }[k ac:qdo
k nf/
"r®m½Hwk iG yf g0ifaom edAmÁ efonf rysurf pJ tNryJ if&adS om y&rw¬w&m;jzpf\/ edAmÁ efü ]]Oyg'f}}[lonhf
jzpfjcif;oabmr&Sd? ]]bif}}[lonhf ysufjcif;oabmr&Sd? ]]XD}}[lonhf wnfqJ oabmvnf;r&Sd? oEdÅokc
[lonhf Nird ;f at;csr;f omjcif;oabmom tNrw J nf&\ dS /
þuJo h jYkd zpfjcif; ysujf cif;oabmr&S?d umv 3 yg;tm;jzihf a0cGí J r&aumif;aom ]]edAmÁ ef}} onf
umv0drkwf rnf\/
"r®m½HkwGifyg0ifonhf ]]ynwf}}onfvnf; umv0drkwftm½Hkyifjzpfonf/ ynwf[lonf tcsKyf
tm;jzihf emrynwf? tw¬ynwf[k (2)rsKd;&Sd\/
emrynwf[o l nf vlwYkd orkwf ac:a0:xm;Muonhf trnfemrrsm;jzpfMu\/ ]]Oyg'f? XD? bif}}
tm;jzihf txift&Sm;r&S/d tw¬ynwf[o l nf tdr?f ausmif;? acG;? vl? ewf paom txnfj'yfrsm;udk pGí J
owfrw S xf m;jcif;omjzpf\/ avmuDtjriftm;jzihf txift&Sm;&So d nf[k qdak pumrl vufqyk f vufuikd f
jyonht f cg ½kyu f vmyfrsm;udo k m awGU&\/ tdru
f rkd awGU&? ausmif;udrk awGU&? vlurkd awGU&? þodYk ]]Oyg'f?
XD? bif}}tm;jzihf txift&Sm;r&Sad om ]]ynwfw&m;}}onf umv0drw k tf m½Hjk zpf\/
xdaYk Mumihf "r®m½Hw k iG yf g0ifMuaom ynwftm½HEk iS fh edAmÁ eftm½Hk wdo Yk nf ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wf
[lonhf umvoHk;yg;rS uif;vGwfaeMuaom ]]umv0drkwftm½Hkrsm;}} jzpfMuonf/
tm½Hk (5) yg;

½lyg½Hkpaom tm½Hk (5) yg;onf
1/ ½ky?f emrftm;jzihf cGv
J Qif ½kytf m½H?k
2/ umr? r[*¾Kwf tm½HkcGJvQif umrtm½Hk?
3/ ypöKyeÜ pf aom umvcGv J Qif ypöKyeÜ t
f m½H?k
4/ tZÑwå? A[d'¨cGJvQif - tZÑwåç A[d'¨tm½Hk
5/ ynwf? y&rwfcv JG Qif - y&rwftm½Hk
G H
140
a
EF
"r®m½Hk
1/ tm½Ht k m;jzihf umrç r[*¾Kw?f ynwf? edAmÁ ef[íl tm½Hk 4 - rsK;d yg0if\/
2/ umvtm;jzihf ypöKyeÜ ?f twdwçf tem*wfEiS fh umv0drw k f (4) rsK;d yg0if\/
3/ tZÑw?å A[d't ¨ m;jzihf (2) rsK;d vH;k yg0if\/
4/ ½ky?f emrftm;jzihf ½ky?f emrf? y&rwf ynwfrsm; yg0if\/
q'Gg&u
d pdww
f EYkd iS fh 'Gg&0drw
k pf w
d w
f \
Ykd tm½Hjk yZ,m;
tm&r®Pduw&m;rsKd; (pdwf) tm½Hkrsm; w&m;udk,f
1/ pu©K'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg; ypöKyeÜ ½f yl g½Hk 0PÖ (tqif;½kyf[lorQ)
yÍö'Gg&dupdwfwdkY\ owådonf rsm;pGmr&SdMu? wdkuf½dkufxifvmaom
2/ aomw'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg; ypöKyÜef o'´g½Hk o'´ (toH½kyf[lorQ)

qdkif&mypöKyÜeftm½HkwpfrsKd;udkom tm½HkjyKEdkifMuonf/
3/ Cme'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg; ypöKyÜef *E¨m½Hk *E¨ (teHY½kyf[lorQ)
4/ Zd0Sg'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg; ypöKyÜef &om½Hk &o (t&om½kyf[lorQ)
5/ um,'Gg&dupdwf 46 yg; ypöKyeÜ af zm|AÁm½Hk yx0D? awaZm? 0ga,m

(r[mbkwf-3)
twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wftm½Hkrsm;ESihf umv0drkwftm½Hk
rsm;udk tm½HkjyKEdkif\/ tm½Hk (6) yg;vHk;udk tm½HkjyKEdkif\/
raem'Gg&dupdwf (67) yg;onf tvGeftpGrf;owdå&Sd\/
6/ raem'Gg&dupdwf 67 yg; 1/ yom'½kyf 5 yg;

umv0drkwf awumvdu
2/ okckr½kyf 16 yg;
"r®m½Hk
"r®m½Hk 3/ pdwf (89) yg; 1 yg;

(awumvduESifh 4/ apwoduf 52 yg;
umv0drkwf) 5/ edAÁmef 1 yg;
"r®m½Hk
6/ ynwf 1 yg;
"r®m½Hk 76 yg;
y#doaE¨? b0if? pkwdpdwfrsm; xdkufoihfonhftm;avsmfpGm? uH? ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwf

wyfaom'Gg&0drkwfpdwf 19 yg; (3) yg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg;udk tm½HkjyKonf/
G H
a
EF
'Gg&0drkwfpdwf 19 yg;wdkY\ tm½Hkrsm;

Oayu©moED&Å P pdwf 2 yg;? r[m0dygupf w d f 8 yg;ESifh r[*¾Kw0f yd gupf w d f 9 yg;? þ 19 yg;aom
0dygupf wd wf o Ykd nf y#doaE¨pw d ?f b0ifpw d Ef iS fh pkwpd w
d u f pd ö wyfMuonht f cg rnfonhf 'Gg&ürQ rjzpf
ay:aomaMumihf 'Gg&0drw k pf w
d rf sm;[k ac:qo kd nf/
xdk0dyguf 19 yg;wdkYonf y#doaE¨pdwf? b0ifpdwfESihf pkwdpdwfudpö wyfMuonhftcg pu©K'Gg&
paom yÍö'gG &ü rjzpfay:jcif;? rdryd ifvQif raem'Gg&[k qdt k yfaom b0ifpw d rf sm; jzpfMujcif;? ur®erd w d f
tp&Sod nfwrYkd w S pfyg; wjcm;xl;xl;axGaxG tm½Ht k opfrsm;udk ,lEikd pf rG ;f r&Sjd cif;wdaYk Mumihf 6 'Gg&wdrYk S
tNrJ vGwaf ompdwrf sm; jzpfMuonf/
pdw[ f o l nf tm½Hrk &Sbd J rjzpfay:Eikd af cs/ tqdyk g 'Gg&0drw k pf w
d f 19 yg;wdo Yk nf rsm;aomtm;jzihf
tjcm;rJv h eG cf NhJ y;D p b0a[mif;üjzpfaom ]q'Gg&u d r&PmoEéaZm}u ,lay;tyfaom uH? ur®erd w d ?f
*wderd wd f [laom edrw d f (3)yg;wdw Yk Gif wpfyg;yg;udk tm½Hjk yKonf/
edrdwf (3) yg;wdkY\ w&m;udk,f
edrw
d f (3) yg;wd\Yk w&m;ud, k rf mS r&PmoEéaZm\ tm½Hjk zpfonhf ½lyg½pkH aom tm½Hk 6 yg;wGif
wpfyg;yg;yifjzpfonf/ r&PmoEéaZm[lonfrSm owå0gwdkY pkawcgeD;ü pkwdpdwfa&S Uu uyfvsuf
wpfqufwnf;aeaom aZm0Dxdudkac:onf/ r&PmoEéaZm\ tm½Hkudk ½lyg½Hk? o'´g½Hk? "r®m½Hk
ponfjzihf yifu, kd f emrnfurkd oH;k bJ tbd"r®m xH;k pHt& uH? ur®erd wd ?f *wderd w
d [
f k ac:a0:orkw\
f /
owå0gwYkd oEÅmefü uHtrsm;&SMd u\/ pkawcge;D (r&PmoEé)tcgü tusK;d ay;rnhu f \
H tpGr;f
aMumihf uH? ur®erd w
d ?f *wderd w
d f (3)yg;wdt Yk euf wpfyg;yg; xdu
k of vdk xifvm\/
uH
pkawcgeD; tjcm;rJhb0ü y#doaE¨tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef rdrdjyKvkyfcJhaom ukodkvfuH odkYr[kwf
tukov
kd u
f H wpfyg;yg; a&S½U I xifay:vmjcif;onf uHtm½Hjk zpf\/
ur®edrdwf
ur®edrdwfqdkonfrSm xdkuHjyKpOfwkef;u awGU BuHK&orQ tm½Hkrsm;yifjzpfMuonf/ ukodkvf
ur®erd w
d f qdkygu ukodkvfaumif;rIjyKpOfu awGU BuHK&orQaom ausmif;uefbk&m;? qGrf;ouFef;
ponhftm½Hkrsm; xifvm\/ tukodkvfur®edrdwfjzpfygu tukodkvfjyKpOfu awGU BuHK&orQaom
om;ig;? ydu
k u
f Ge?f vufeuf ponfjzihf owfywk xf ;kd ckwf usL;vGecf Jph Ofu tm½Hek rd w
d rf sm; xifvm\/
*wdedrdwf
pkawNyD;aemuf vm;a&muf&mb0ü awGU BuHKcHpm;&rnfh ok*wdbHkodkY a&mufrnfqdkygu
ewfb?kH ewfeef;? O,smOf? ya'omyif ponfrsm;? 'k*w
¾ b d okH Ykd vm;rnfqykd gu i&Jb?kH i&Jr;D ? i&Jxed ;f ?
i&JacG; ponfwYkd xifvmaom tm½H[ k ol rQukd *wderd w
d [f k ac:qo kd nf/
G H
142
a
EF
tonowfbHkrS pkawrnhfolrsm;ESihf pkawNyD;aemuf xdkxdk*wdü b0opfjzpfawmhrnf

r[kwaf om &[EÅmrsm;rSty <uif;useaf om owå0g[o l rQwoYkd nf uHerd wd x
f ifxu kd v
f Qif uHerd w
d f
xifí? ur®erd w
d f xifxu
kd v
f Qif ur®erd w
d x
f ifNy;D ? *wderd w
d x
f ifxu kd v
f Qif *wderd w
d x
f ifNy;D rSomvQif
pkawí b0ul;&onf/
wpfb0wGif wlnDaom pdwf (3) yg;
rnfonhb f 0u rnfonho f wå0grqdk y#doaE¨pw d ?f y0wdtå cgjzpfaom b0ifpw d Ef iS fh aocge;D
jzpfaom pkwdpdwfwdkYonf wpfrsKd;wpfpm;wnf;jzpf&\/ tm½HkjyKyHkvnf; wl&\/ y#doaE¨pdwfu
ur®erd w d u
f kd tm½Hjk yKcJv
h Qif b0ifpw d ?f pkwpd w
d wf uYkd vnf; ur®erd w d uf ykd if tm½Hjk yKMuonf/
wpfb0ü y#doaE¨pdwf? b0ifpdwfESihf pkwdpdwfwdkY tm½HkjyKyHkwl&jcif;rSm owå0gwpfOD;onf
b0ul; cgeD;tcsdefü r&PmoEé0Dxdus&NrJjzpfonf/ pkawcgeD;ü pdwftpOfESifh [',0w¬KwdkYonf
cGet
f m; avsmeh nf;aeMuojzihf aZm 7 Burd f rapmEdik b f J 5 Burd of m apmEdik Mf u\/ xdrk &Pm oEé0x D üd
ypöKyeÜ t
f m½Hk rsm; (ur®erd w d f odrYk [kwf *wderd w d )f xifvmvQif xd½k yk t f m½H\ k toufonf pdwu å P©
(17)csuf touf&n S \ f / xdyk pöKyeÜ t
f m½Hx k if&mS ;&Spd Of pkwpd wd uf sygu aZmqH;k aom yÍö0x D jd zpfygu
twDwb0ifrS pkwdpdwfwdkifatmif tm½Hkoufpdwåu©P (14) csufom &Sdao;\/ ypöKyÜeftm½Hk
rcsKyaf o;/ edrw d t f m½H\ k touf 3 csupf m useaf e\/
b0a[mif; yÍö'Gg& r&Pm oEé0Dxd (pu©K) b0opf y#doaE¨0Dxd

Oyg'f ½kyfXD bif = 17 csuf½kyfouf
b0a[mif; tm½Hkouf 14 b0opftm½Hkouf

wD? e? '? y? p? oH? P? 0k? Z? Z? Z? Z? Z? pk y#doaE¨ ? ybGif ? 'kbGif
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ? 16 ? 17
pkwpd w
d af emifb0opfüjzpfaom y#doaE¨pw d o
f pfEiS fh b0if (2)Burd w
f oYkd nf b0a[mif;u
rcsKyaf o;onhf tm½Hek rd w d uf ykd if qufvuftm½Hjk yKonf/
y#doaE¨pdwfcsKyfNyD; b0udkqufay;aom b0ifpdwfrsm;ESihf wpfb0\ aemufqHk;pdwf
jzpfaom pkwpd w d wf u
Ykd vnf; y#doaE¨pw d , f al om tm½Hu
k ykd if tm½Hjk yKMuonf/ xdaYk Mumihf ewfjynfrS
pkawí vlU jynfodkYa&mufvmvQif xdkewfjynfu r&PmoEéaZm,ltyfaom tm½Hkedrdwfwpfyg;yg;
udyk if vlbU 0 y#doaE¨pw d uf vdu k íf tm½Hjk yK&onf/ wpfb0\ tqH;k owfjzpfaom b0ifpw d uf ykd if
pkwpd wd [f ak c:onf/
uH? ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwfwdkY\ umv? tm½HkESihf xif&m'Gg&

uH? ur®erd w
d Ef iS fh *wderd w
d q
f o
kd nfrmS vGecf NhJ y;D aom b0a[mif; r&PmoEétcgü tusK;d ay;
rnhf uH\tpGr;f aMumihf xifvmaom tm½Hrk sm;yifjzpfonf/
G H
a
EF
xdaYk Mumihf uH? ur®erd w

d Ef iS fh *wderd w
d w
f o
Ykd nf 6 'Gg&ü xdu
k o
f iho f vdk xifEikd Nf y;D umvtm;jzihf
tcsKUd ypöKyeÜ ?f tcsKUd twdw?f tcsKuUd vkd nf; umv0drw k f ynwfw&m;jzpfaom tm½Hk 6 yg;yifjzpfonf/
1/ uHedrdwfonf a&S;ujyKcJhaom ukodkvf? tukodkvf apwemyifjzpfonf/ umvtm;jzihf
twdwf wpfrsKd;wnf;omjzpfonf/ tm½Hktm;jzihf "r®m½HkjzpfaomaMumihf xifjcif;tm;jzihf raem'Gg&
üom xifEikd \ f /
2/ ur®erd w d o
f nf umvtm;jzihf ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f umv0drw k yf nwfjzpf\/ xifjcif; tm;jzihf
twdwftm½Hkjzpfygu raem'Gg&ü xif\/ ypöKyÜeftm½Hkjzpfygu 6 'Gg&üxifEdkif\/ tm½Hktm;jzihf 6 yg;
jzpfonf/
3/ *wdedrdwfonf umvtm;jzihf ypöKyÜefjzpfonf/ tm½Hktm;jzihf tm½Hk 6 yg;jzpfEdkifonf/
xifjcif;tm;jzihf 6 'Gg&ü xifEikd \ f /
tem*wfumv r&
uH? ur®erd w
d ?f *wderd w
d f 3 yg;wdo
Yk nf tem*wfumv r&aumif;/ tem*wf tm½Hq
k o
kd nfrmS
twdwfuH? ur®edrdwfuJhodkY tm½Hkudk cHpm;onfvnf; r[kwf? ypöKyÜefuH? ur®*wd edrdwfuJhodkYyif
xifjcif;odkY a&mufonfvnf;r[kwf/ xdkYaMumihf 'Gg&0drkwfpdwfwdkYonf tem*wfumvudk tm½Hk
rjyKEikd Mf u/
ykxkZOfwdkY oEÅmefüjzpfaom r[mukodkvf

ÓPorÜ,kwf (4)yg; edAÁmefudk tm½HkjyKEdkifyHk
r[mukodkvf ÓP orÜ,kwf (4) yg;onf ykxkZOfwdkY oEÅmefü aomwmywdår*fa&SUa*gMwbl
udpw
ö yfaom tcdu
k t
f wefu
Y mvüom edAmÁ efukd tm½Hjk yKEikd \
f /
r&Pm oEéaZm\ tm½Hkudk r,laom y#doaE¨pdwf

tonowfbHkrSpkawvQif umrok*wdbHkodkYom jyefvm&rnfjzpfonf/ tonowfbHkü
pdw[f o l rQ vH;k 0r&S&d um; pkawcge;D tm½Hu k kd ,lz&Ykd ef r&PmoEéaZmr&Edik /f
xdaYk Mumihf tonowfbrkH S pkawí umrbHük jzpfaom y#doaE¨pw d \ f tm½Ho
k nf tonowf
bHo
k Ykd ra&mufrD a&S;a&S;b0üjyKcJah om (ty&my&d,a0'eD,)uH\ tpGr;f aMumihf xifvmaom uH?
ur®erd w d ?f *wderd w d f 3 yg;wdw
Yk Gif wpfyg;yg;udk tm½Hjk yKonf/
*wdedrdwfrxifEdkifaom y#doaE¨pdwf
t½lybHkü tcsif;cyfodrf; ½kyfwdkYr&Sdjcif;aMumihf "r®m½Hkwpfckom xifEdkif\/ t½lybHkrS pkawí
umrbHküjzpf&vQif t½lyr&PmoEéaZmu *wdedrdwfESihf ½kyfur®edrdwfudk r,lEdkif? uHtm½Hkedrdwf
udo
k m ,lEikd \
f /
G H
144
a
EF
umrbHkodkYa&mufí umry#doaE¨pdwf\ tm½Hkonf *wdedrdwfESihf ½kyfur®edrdwfjzpfvQif

tusK;d ay;rnhf uH\ tpGr;f aMumihf xifvmaom tm½Ho k mjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumihf (t½ly0,f? pkaw&G,fvnf;? ½kyfEG,f[lorQ ur®? *wd? edrdwfESpfck r&rIaMumihf?
a,bka,se? q&mjyonf? xifMutm½H?k uHaMumihw f nf;) [kqo kd nf/
tm½Hk ]]6}} yg;wdkY\ w&m;udk,frsm;udk tm½Hk (4)rsKd;jzihf cGJjcm;jyjcif;

tm½Hk (6)yg;wd\ Yk w&m;ud, k rf sm;udk pdppfvQif ½lyg½pkH aom yÍötm½Hw k \ Ykd w&m;ud,
k rf mS (0PÖ?
o'´? *E¨? &o? yx0D? awaZm? 0ga,m)[laom ½kyw f &m;tpk tm½Ho k mjzpf\/
"r®m½HkwGif yg0ifaom tm½Hk (6) rsKd;wdkY\ w&m;udk,frSm yom'½kyf (5)yg;? okckr½kyf (16)yg;
[laom ½kyfw&m;tpktm½Hk? pdwf (89)yg;ESihf apwoduf (52)yg;[laom emrfw&m; tpktm½Hk?
umv0drw k f jzpfaom edAmÁ eftm½HEk iS fh ynwftm½Hw k jYkd zpfonf/
xdt k m½Hk (6) yg;wd\Yk w&m;ud, k t f m½Hrk sm;udk tcsKyt f m;jzihf cGjJ cm;vQif atmufygtwdik ;f (4)rsK;d
&So
d nf/
1/ umrtm½Hk 2/ r[*¾Kwt f m½Hk
3/ ynwftm½Hk 3/ avmukw&å mtm½Hk (edAmÁ ef)
tm½Hk[lí cGJjcm;jyoaomtcg tm½Hk (6)yg;jzpfap? tm½Hk (4)yg;jzpfap? w&m;udk,frSm pdwf?
apwodu?f ½ky?f edAmÁ ef? ynwf[al om w&m; (5) yg;udo k m awG&U rnfjzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumihf xdw k &m;
(5)yg;udyk if atmufygtwdik ;f tm½Hk (4) yg;ESifh w&m;ud,
k rf sm;udk cGJjcm;xm;aMumif; awGEU ikd yf gonf/
tm½Hk (6)yg;udk tm½Hk (4)rsKd;cGJjyyHk
yg0ifa om emrf? ½ky f?
pOf tm½Hk (4)yg;tac: tm½Hk (6) yg;tac:
ynwf? edA Ám eft m½Hkr sm;
1 umrtm½Hk 1/ umrpdw f 54 yg; awumvdu w&m;rsm;jzpfa om
(y&dw åm ½Hk = tmEk 2/ apwodu f 52 yg; tm½Hk (6) yg;yifj zpfo nf/
abmfa o;i,fa omtm½Hk) 3/ ½ky f 28 yg;
2 r[*¾K wft m½Hk 1/ r[*¾K wfp dw f 27 yg; awumvdu w&m;rsm;jzpfa om
(tmEka bmfB uD;us,fa om) 2/ apwodu f 35 yg; "r®m ½Hk/
3 ynwft m½Hk uodkP f;ynwfp onf umv0dr kw f "r®m ½Hk
4 avmukw å& mtm½Hk 1/ avmukw å& mpdw f 8 yg; awumvdu ESi hf umv0dr kw f
(tyÜr mP m½Hk 2/ edA Ám ef 1 yg; jzpfa om (edAÁm ef) "r®m ½Hk
twdki f;r&Sd tmEka bmf
BuD;us,fa omtm½Hk)
tm½HkESihf pdwf
tm½Hk(4) rsK;d udkrnfonhpf wd rf sm;u {uef-taeuef tm½Hjk yKEikd jf cif;udk cGjJ cm;a0zefjyaomtydik ;f
jzpfonf/ pdww
f \Ykd pGr;f tm;tvdu k f qdik &f mtm½Hrk sm;udo
k m tm½Hjk yKEikd Mf uonf/
G H
a
EF
(1) umr{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf (25) yg;
aZm
y y0d oH P 0k ½Hk
= 25 yg;
1 10 2 (3) +1 8
3 3
raem "mwHk? ig;tm½Hk? ESpfpHkq,hfoHk;&Sd/ w'g? [o? q,fESpf0? umrudkomod/
ypöKyf{uef? ½kyf{uef? trSefawG;,lnd§/
(u) ypöKyÜef{uef? ½kyf{uef 13 yg;

1/ a'GyÍö0n d mPf 10 yg;onf qdik &f m ypöKyeÜ t f m½Ht k oD;oD;udk tm½Hjk yKonf/
(u) pu©K0n d mPfa'Gwo Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ f ½lyg½u kH o kd m tm½Hjk yKuek \ f /
( c ) aomw0dnmPfa'Gwo Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ f o'´g½u kH okd m tm½Hjk yKuek \
f /
( * ) Cme0dnmPfa'Gwo Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ f *E¨m½Hu k o kd m tm½Hjk yKuek \ f /
(C) Zd0gS 0n d mPfa'Gwo Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ f &om½Hu k o kd m tm½Hjk yKuek \ f /
( i ) um,0dnmPfa'Gwo Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ f azm|AÁm½Hu k o kd m tm½Hjk yKuek \
f /
( p ) yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf 1 yg;ESifh orÜ#d päKd i;f a'G[al om raem"mwf (3) yg;onf ypöKyeÜ yf Íöm½Hk
udo
k m tm½Hjk yKuek \ f /
xdk 13 yg;aom pdwfwdkYonf umrtm½Hkudk tm½HkjyK&mü csKyfNyD;aom tm½HkwdkYudk tm½HkjyKonf
r[kwf/ rjzpfao;aom tem*wftm½Hkrsm;udkom tm½HkjyKonfvnf;r[kwf? Oyg'f? XD? bif? wnfqJ
ypöKyeÜ t
f m½Hk rsm;udo
k m tm½Hjk yKMu\/
xdkYaMumihf xdkpdwf 13 yg;wdkYonf ypöKyÜefudkom {ueftm½HkjyKMuukef\/ ½kyfw&m;udkom
{ueftm½Hk jyKMuuke\ f /
(c) w'g? [oq,hfESpf0? umrudkomod

w'g½kH pdwf 11 yg;? [odwyk gÜ 'pf w
d f 1 yg;? þ 12 yg;aompdww
f o
Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wf
jzpfaom umrpdwf 54 yg;? apwoduf 52 yg;ESihf ½kyf 28 yg;[k qdktyfaom umrtm½Hk 6 yg;udkom
tm½Hjk yKMuonf/
2/ r[*¾Kwf{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf 6 yg;
0dnmPÍöm,wepdwf 3 yg;ESihf ae0onmemonm,wepdwf 3 yg;jzpfMuonhf pdwf 6 yg;
wdo
Yk nf r[*¾Kwt
f m½Hu
k kd {ueftm½Hjk yKMuonf/
G H
146
a
EF
tyÜemaZm 0d
1 1 1
t½l'krSm yukdomç prSmwç udkod > – – –
1 1 1
y y0d oH P 0k – – ½Hk = 6 yg;
(u) t½lypdwf 12 yg;wdw Yk Gif 'kw,

d m½ky0Ü n
d mPfjzpfaom 0dnmPÍöm,we ukov kd pf w
d ?f
Bud,mpdwf? 0dygufpdwf 3 yg;wdkYonf rdrdoEÅmefüjzpfzl;aom yxrm½kyÜ0dnmPfjzpfonhf twdwf
tmumomeÍöm,wepdwf wnf;[laom twdwrf [*¾Kwf "r®m½Hu k okd m tm½Hjk yKonf/
(c) pwkw¬m½kyÜ0dnmPfjzpfaom ae0onmemonm,wepdwf (3) yg;wdkYonf rdrd
oEÅmefü jzpfzl;aom wwd,m½kyÜ0dnmPfjzpfonhf twdwftmudÍönm,wepdwfwnf;[laom
twdwrf [*¾Kwf "r®m½Hu k o kd m tm½Hjk yK\/
xdkYaMumihf 0dnmPÍöm,we ukodkvfpdwf? 0dygufpdwf? Bud,mpdwf (3)yg;ESihf ae0onmem
onm,we ukodkvfpdwf? 0dygufpdwf? Bud,mpdwf (3)yg;? aygif; þ 6 yg;aom pdwfwdkYonf
twdwrf [*¾Kwt f m½Hu
k kd {ueftm½Hjk yKMuonf/
3/ ynwf{ueftm½HkjyK 21 yg;
tbdnmOfa'GMuOfaom ½lyg0p&pdwf 15 yg;? tmumomeÍöm,wepdwf (uk? 0d? Bud) 3 yg;?
tmudÍnö m,wepdwf (uk? 0d? Bu)d 3 yg;? þ 21 yg;aompdww
f o
Ykd nf umv0drw
k jf zpfaom uodP
k ;f
ponhf ynwf"r®m½Hu
k o
kd m tm½Hjk yKMuuke\f /
* bdnmMuOfrl? q,hfig;½l? t½ly? w? qd/
* ynwf{upf? ESpfq,hfwpf? pifpiftrSefod
1 1 1 = 3
1 1 1 = 3
5 5 5 = 15
y y0d oH P 0k ½Hk 21 yg;
(u) ½lyg0p& yxrpsmefpdwf 3 yg;wdkYonf atmufyg 25 yg;aom ynwftm½HkwGif wpfyg;yg;udk

tm½Hjk yKMuonf/
uodP k ;f ynwf 10 yg;
tokbynwf 10 yg;
um,*wmowd\ tm½Hjk zpfaom qHyiftp&Sad om aum|moynwf 1 yg;
G H
a
EF
tmemygeowd\ tm½Hjk zpfaom xGuo f uf0ifoufynwf 1 yg;

arwåm\ tm½Hjk zpfaom okcwd ? 'kuw
©d ? owå0gynwf 1 yg;
u½kPm\ tm½Hjk zpfaom 'kuw ©d owå0gynwf 1 yg;
rk'w
d m\ tm½Hjk zpfaom okcwd owå0gynwf 1 yg;
aygif; 25 yg;
(c) ½lyg0p& 'kw, d psmefpw

d f 3 yg;? wwd,psmefpw d f 3 yg;ESifh pwkwp¬ smefpwd f 3 yg;? þ 9 yg;aom
pdww f o Ykd nf atmufyg 14 yg;aom ynwftm½Hw k Gif wpfyg;yg;udk tm½Hjk yKMuonf/
arwåm\ tm½Hjk zpfaom okcw d ? 'kuw
©d ? owå0gynwf 1 yg;
u½kPm\ tm½Hjk zpfaom 'kuw ©d owå0gynwf 1 yg;
rk'w
d m\ tm½Hjk zpfaom okcw d owå0gynwf 1 yg;
aygif; 14 yg;
(*) ½lyg0p& yÍörpsmefpw d f 3 yg;onf atmufyg ynwftm½Hw k Gif wpfyg;yg;udk tm½Hjk yKMuonf/
Oayu©m\ tm½Hjk zpfaom cyford ;f aomowå0gynwf 1 yg;
aygif; 12 yg;
(C) tmumomeÍöm,wepdwf 3 yg;wdo Yk nf tmumouodP
k ;f MuOfaomuodP
k ;f 9 yg;wdw Yk iG f
wpfyg;yg;udck mG í &tyfaom aumif;uifynwf (uodP*¢g#rd mumoynwf)udk tm½Hjk yKonf/
(i) tmudÍömnm,wepdwf 3 yg;onf tmumomeÍöm,wepsmef\ r&Sdjcif;wnf;[laom
edwa¬d bm ynwfukd tm½Hjk yKonf/
(4) edAÁmef{ueftm½HkjyK 8 yg;

r*f 4 yg;? zdv
k f 4 yg;[laom avmukw&å mpdwf 8 yg;wdo
Yk nf edAmÁ efuo
kd m {ueftm½Hjk yKMuonf/
* avmukwå&H? pdwf&Spfwef? edAÁmefudkomod/
8
y y0d oH P 0k ½Hk = 8 yg;
G H
148
a
EF
(5) avmukwå&mMuOf tvHk;pHktm½HkjyK tyg; (20)

aZm
y y0d oH P 0k
½Hk = 20
4 4
12
* tukq,hfESpf? &Spf0dyÜ,kwf? uk-Budxkwf? avmukwfMuOfí od/
tukov kd pf w
d f 12 yg;? r[mukov kd f ÓP0dy, Ü wk pf w
d f 4 yg;? r[mBu, d m ÓP0dy, Ü wk pf wd f4
yg;? þpdwf tyg; (20) wdo Yk nf avmukw&å mMuOfaom umrtm½H?k r[*¾Kwt f m½HEk iS fh ynwftm½Hk 3 rsK;d
wduYk kd tm½Hjk yKEikd o f nf/
wenf;tm;jzihf þ 20 aompdww f o Ykd nf ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wfjzpfaom avmuDpw d f 81
yg;? apwoduf 52 yg;? ½kyf 28 yg;ESifh umv0drw k jf zpfaom ynwftm½H[ k o
l nhf tm½Hk 6 yg;udk tm½Hjk yKMu
ukeo f nf/
avmukwå&mw&m;wdkYonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGUaomaMumihf raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;rSwpfyg;
ÓPfEiS fh ,SOaf om pdww f o Ykd m avmukw&å mw&m;udk tm½Hjk yKEikd o f nf/
(6) t&[wår*fç zdkvfMuOftvHk;pHk tm½HkjyK 5 yg;
y y0d oH P 0k 1
½Hk = 5 yg;
4
* umrukÓPf? ukbdÓPf? ig;wefpdwfred/
* t&[wfr*fzdkvf? MuOfapvdk? <uif;udktukefod/
r[mukov kd Ó
f P orÜ,w k pf wd f 4 yg;ESifh yÍörpsmef ukov kd tf bdnmOfpw d f 1 yg;? þpdwf 5 yg;
wdoYk nf umrtm½H?k r[*¾Kwt f m½H?k ynwftm½HEk iS fh avmukw&å mtm½Hw k iG f t&[wår*f? zdv k Mf uOfaom
atmufr*f 3 yg;? zdv k f 3 yg;wdu
Yk kd tm½Hjk yKMuuke\ f /
wenf;tm;jzihf xdpk w d f 5 yg;wdo Yk nf ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wfjzpfaom (t&[wår*f? t&[wå
zdv
k pf wd f 2 yg;MuOfaom) pdwf 87 yg;? apwoduf 52 yg;? ½kyf 28 yg;? umv0d rkwjf zpfaom ynwf? edAmÁ ef
[laom 6 yg;udk tm½Hjk yKEikd Mf uonf/
r[mukodkvfÓPorÜ,kwfpdwfrsm;ESihf ukodkvftbdnmOfwdkYonf aou©yk*d¾KvfESihf ykxkZOf
yk*K¾d vwf Ykd oEÅmefüomjzpfaomaMumihf t&[wår*f? t&[wåzv kd u f kd tm½Hrk jyKEikd af cs/ rdrwd Ykd r&tyfz;l
ao;aom txufwef;w&m;rsm;udk rodEikd Mf u/
G H
a
EF
(7) tvHk;pHktm½HkjyK 6 yg;

1
r ½Hk = 6 yg;
1
4
* umr BudÓPf? BudbdnmPf? 0ZÆef; raemqd/
* cyfodrf;tm½Hk? tvHk;pHk? tukefjyKavbd/
r[mBu, d mÓPorÜ,w k pf w
d f 4 yg;? Bu,
d mtbdnmOfpw d f 1 yg;? raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf 1 yg;?
þ 6 yg;aompdwfwdkYonf umrtm½Hk? r[*¾Kwftm½Hk? ynwftm½HkESihf avmukwå&mtm½Hk tvHk;pHkudk
tm½Hjk yKEikd Mf uonf/
wenf;tm;jzihf tqdkyg pdwf 5 yg;wdkYonf ypöKyÜef? twdwf? tem*wfjzpfaom pdwfwpfck?
,kwu f ;kd q,f? apwoduf 52 yg;? ½kyf 28 yg;? umv0drw k jf zpfaom ynwfEiS fh edAmÁ ef? þtvH;k pHk aom
tm½Hk 6 yg;wdu Yk kd tm½Hjk yKEikd Mf uonf/
raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf tvHk;pHktm½HkjyKqdk&m0,f
raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f onf tvH;k pHu k kd tm½Hjk yKonfq&kd mü bk&m;&Sio f EÅmefü jzpfcu
kd rf mS om tvH;k pHk
udk tm½Hjk yKEikd o
f nf/ useyf *k K¾d vrf sm;ü tvH;k pHu k kd tm½Hrk jyKEikd af cs/
oAÁnKwÓPf
oAÁnKwÓPfqdkonfrSm qifjcifvdkufaomtcg tqD;twm;r&Sd rnfonhftm½Hkudkrqdk
odEikd jf cif; jzpfonf/
oAÁnKwÓPf\ w&m;ud, k rf mS r[mBu, d mÓPorÜ,w k f 4 yg;ü&Sad om ynm apwoduf
yif jzpfonf/
r[mBud,mÓPorÜ,kwf 4 yg;? Bud,mtbdnmOf 1 yg;ESihf raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; 1 yg;? þ 6 yg;
wdo
Yk nf bk&m;&Si\ f oEÅmefawmfüjzpfcu kd f tvk;H pHu
k kd tukerf csef tm½Hjk yKEikd o
f nf/
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;ESihf raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;txl;
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfonf raem"mwfjzpfí tm½Hkudk omrefod½HkrQomjzpf\/ ypöKyÜefumvü
jzpfaom tm½Hik g;yg;udo k m qifjcif½rkH Q odEikd o f nf/
raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwof nf raem0dnmP"mwfjzpfí ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wf[al om umv
(3) yg;ESifh umv0drwk tf m½Hwk u
Ykd ykd g odEikd o
f nf/ tm½Hu
k o
kd &d mü xdxrd rd d aoaocsmcsm odEikd \
f /
yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfonf tm0ZÆef;udpöwpfrsKd;om aqmif&Guf\/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfonf
tm0ZÆe;f udp?ö 0ka|mudpö (2)rsK;d aqmif&Gu\ f /
G H
150
a
EF
tm&r®Po*F[Z,m; (pdwEf iS t
hf m½H)k
tm½Hk (w&m;udk,f)
tm½Hck JG pdwo
f ½kyf
pdwf 89 ap52 ½kyf 28 ynwf edAmÁ ef
{uef(4)yg;
1/ umr{uef yÍö0n
d mPf 10 ypöKyÜef
tm½HkjyK (25) yÍöm½Hk
toD;oD;
raem"mwf 3 ypöKyÜef
yÍöm½Hk
w'g½Hk 11+[od 1 12 umrpdwf54 52 28 - -
2/ r[*¾Kwf{uef 0dnmPÍöm,weukç0dçBud 3 twdwf
tm½HkjyK ae0onmemonm,we 3 r[*¾Kwf
(6) uk? 0d? Bud 6 "r®m½Hk - - - -
3/ ynwf{uef tbdnmOfa'G MuOf
tm½HkjyK ½lyg0p&pdwf 15
(21) - tmumomeÍöm,we
uk? 0d? Bud 3
- tmudÍönm,we
uk? 0d? Bud 3
21 ynwf
4/ avmukwå&m
{uef avmukwå&mpdwf 8 edAmÁ ef
tm½HkjyK (8)
taeuef (3) yg;
5/ avmukw&å mMuOf - tukodkvfpdwf 12 avmuDpdwf
tvH;k pHt
k m½Hjk yK - ÓP0dyÜ,kwf
(20) r[mukov
k d ?f r[mBu,
d m 8 81 52 28 ynwf -
20
6/ t&[wår*f? - r[mukodkvf
zdkvfMuOftvHk; ÓPorÜ,kwf 4
pHk tm½HkjyK (5) - ½lyukodkvftbdÓOf 1 pdwf 87 52 28 ynwf edAmÁ ef
5
7/ tvH;k pHt
k m½Hjk yK - r[mBud,m
(6) ÓPorÜ,kwf 4
-½lyBud,mtbdnmOf 1
- raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; 1 pdwf 89 52 28 ynwf edAmÁ ef
6
G H
a
EF
tbdnmOf\ tm½Hk
(tbdnmOf = bd = tvGef + Ó = odjcif;)
tbdnmOf[o l nfrmS tvGet f usL; txl;odwwfaomw&m;jzpf\/ tvGet f usL; txl;od
wwfaom ½lyyÍörpsmefEiS fh ,SOaf omÓPfukd tbdnmOf[ak c:onf/
tbdnmOf\ y&rw¬w&m;udk,frSm ½dk;½dk;yÍörpsmefxuf tvGeftusL; txl;odwwfaom
ÓPfEiS fh ,SOo f nhf yÍörpsmefpw
d yf ifjzpfonf/
yÍörpsmefukodkvftbdnmOf (1) yg;ESihf yÍörpsmefBud,mtbdnmOf (1) yg;[lí tbdnmOf
(2)rsK;d &S\
d /
½ly yÍörpsmefukd tajccHí tbdnmOf&&ef tm;xkwyf gu tbdnmOf (7) yg;udk &Edik \ f /
1/ 'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOf / ewfrsufpduJhodkY a0;aomtqif;? zHk;uG,faom tqif;ESihf
ao;i,faomtqif;udk jrifoEd ikd af om tbdnmOf/
2/ 'dAaÁ omwtbdnmOf / ewfem;uJhodkY a0;aomtoH? wdk;wdk;toHwdkYudk Mum;odEdkif
aom tbdnmOf/
3/ £'d0¨ "d tbdnmOf / ajrvQK;d rd;k ys?H ud,
k yf mG ;wpfaxmif zefqif;Edik jf cif; ponhf wefc;kd
trsK;d rsK;d udk zefqif;Edik af om tbdnmOf/
4/ y&pdwå0dZme etbdnmOf / olwpfyg;pdwt f Buu H kd odEikd af omtbdnmOf/
5/ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdtbdnmOf / a&S;a&S;b0üjzpfco hJ rQ taMumif;wdu Yk kd jyefajymif;í atmufarh
Ekid af om tbdnmOf/
6/ ,xmur®Ly*tbdnmOf / uHtm;avsmfpGm xdkxdkbHkrsm;üjzpfMu&aom owå0grsm;udk
jrifoEd ikd o f nhf tbdnmOf/
7/ tem*wHotbdnmOf / tem*wfumvü jzpfvwåHUaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
odjrifEidk o f nhf tbdnmOf/
ukodkvftbdnmOfudk 'dAÁpu©KukodkvftbdnmOfpojzihf ukodkvftbdnmOf (7)yg;? Bud,m
tbdnmOfukd 'dApÁ u©KBu, d m tbdnmOfpojzihf Bu, d mtbdnmOf (7) yg;&S\ d /
tm½HkESihfpdwfudk {uef? taeueftm;jzihf cGJjyjcif;

{ueftm½HkjyK
({uef = {uEÅ = {u = wpfck + tEÅ = tzdt Yk pk)
{ueftm½HkjyKjcif;qdkonfrSm xdkw&m;rQudkom oD;oefYtm½HkjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm avmukwå&m
pdwf 8 yg;onf edAmÁ efuo
kd m tm½Hjk yKonf/ tjcm;trsK;d rwlaom umrtm½Hk r[*¾Kwt f m½Hw
k u
Ykd kd tm½Hrk jyK/
G H
152
a
EF
{uef 4 csuf
1/ pu©K0n d mPfa'Gonf tm½Hk 6 yg;wGif ½lyg½Hw k pfyg;udo
k m tm½Hjk yKEikd \
f / ½lyg½Ho
k nf {uef tm½Hjk zpfjcif;/
2/ ½kyef mrf (2) yg;wdw
Yk iG f ½kyf (1)yg;omjzpfjcif;/
3/ umv (3)yg;wGif ypöKyeÜ f (1)yg;omjzpfjcif;/
4/ umrç r[*¾Kwçf ynwfç avmukw&å m[k tm½Hk (4)rsK;d &S&d m ½lyg½Ho k nf umrtm½Hk (1) yg;om jzpfjcif;
wdaYk Mumihf ]]{uef}}jzpfygonf/
taeuef tm½HkjyK
(taeuEÅ = taeu = rsm;aom + tEÅ = tzdkYtpk)
taeueftm½Hjk yKqo
kd nfrmS xdw
k &m;tjyif tjcm;trsK;d rwl w&m;udyk g tm½Hjk yKEidk jf cif; jzpfonf/
Oyrm umrtaeuefq&kd mü umrw&m;tjyif tjcm;ynwf? edAmÁ efwu Ykd ykd g tm½Hjk yKEidk \
f /
taeuef (3) csuf
pu©K0n d mPfa'Gonf (1) rdr\
d twGi;f tZÑwå ½lyg½Hu k v
kd nf;aumif;? (2) olwpfyg;[laom tjyif
A[d'½¨ yl g½Huk v
kd nf;aumif;? (3) 2-yg;pHu
k v
kd nf;aumif; tm½Hjk yKEikd \
f /
xdaYk Mumihf pu©K0n
d mOfa'G\ tm½Hjk zpfaom ]]½lyg½H}k }onf taeueftm;jzihf (3) csu&f onf/
{uef? taeuef (2) &yfaygif;pdwf
{uef? taeuef (2) &yfaygif;pdwfudk&Smvdkaomf atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom {ueftm½HkjyK?
taeueftm½Hjk yKpw d f (2)&yfaygif;aomf &&Srd nfjzpfygonf/ Oyrm - ½lyg½Hu
k kd {ueftm½Hjk yKpw
d rf mS pu©K
0dnmPfpdwf (2)yg;jzpf\/ taeueftm½HkjyKpdwfwdkYrSm raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; - 1 ? umraZm - 29 ? w'g½Hk -
11 / tbdnmOf-a'G-tm;jzihf (46)yg;jzpf\/ {uef? taeuef (2)ckaygif;aomf ½lyg½Hu k kd tm½Hjk yKEikd af om
pdwf (48)yg;jzpf\/
tm½Hktus,fudk{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf? taeueftm½HkjyKpdwf[lí cGJjcm;jyyHk
pOf {ueftm½HkjyK taeueftm½HkjyK
1/ umr{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf 25 yg; umrtaeueftm½HkjyKpdwf 31 yg;
2/ r[*¾Kwf / 6 yg; r[*¾Kwf / 31 yg;
3/ edAÁmef / 8 yg; edAÁmef / 11 yg;
4/ emrf / 14 yg; emrf / 43 yg;
5/ ½kyf / 13 yg; ½kyf / 43 yg;
6/ ypöyÜKef / 13 yg; ypöyÜKef / 43 yg;
7/ twdwf / 6 yg; twdwf / 43 yg;
8/ tem*wf / r&Sd tem*wf / 43 yg;
9/ umv0drkwf / 29 yg; umv0drkwf / 31 yg;
10/ ynwf / 21 yg; ynwf / 31 yg;
11/ y&rwf / 39 yg; y&rwf / 31 yg;
12/ tZÑwå / 6 yg; tZÑwå / 56 yg;
13/ A[d'¨ / 26 yg; A[d'¨ / 56 yg;
14/ yÍöm½Hk / 13 yg; yÍöm½Hk / 46 yg;
15/ "r®m½Hk / 35 yg; "r®m½Hk / 43 yg;
16/ uH? ur®? *wdedrdwf 19 yg; uH? ur®? *wdedrdwf / r&Sd
G H
a
EF
tm½Hktus,fudk {uef? taeuef avhusihfenf;

tm&r®P o*F[Z,m; (pdwEf iS t fh m½H)k wGiaf zmfjyxm;aom {uef (4)yg;? taeuef (3) yg;? aygif;
tm½HkcGJ (7) yg;udk Munhfí cGJjcm;avhusihfEkdifygonf/
1/ ]umr{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf (25) yg;}qdkonfrSm umrtm½Hkudkom tm½HkjyKaom {ueftm½HkcGJ (1)&Sd
( 10 + 3 + 12 )pdwfwdkYjzpfygonf/
umrtaeueftm½HkjyKpdwf (31)yg; qdkonfrSm umrtm½Hkudkomru tjcm;tm½Hk (3)rsKd;udkyg
tm½HkjyKEdkifaom tm½HkcGJ ( 5 ? 6 ? 7 )&Sd ( 20 + 5 + 6 ) pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/
2/ ]r[*¾Kw{f ueftm½Hjk yKpw d f (6)yg;} qdo k nfrmS tm½Hck JG (2) &Sd pdwrf sm;jzpf\/
taeueftm½HkjyKpdwf (31) yg; qdkonfrSm r[*¾Kwftm½Hkudkomru tjcm;tm½Hkrsm;udkyg
tm½Hjk yKEidk af om txufygpdwf (31)yg;yifjzpfonf/
3/ ]taeueftm½Hjk yK (11)yg;}onf edAmÁ eftm½Hu k o kd mru tjcm;tm½Hrk sm;udk tm½Hjk yKEidk af om tm½Hck JG
( 6 ? 7 ) &Sd ( 5 + 6 ) pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/
4/ ]emrf{uef tm½HkjyKpdwf (14) yg;} wdkYrSm emrftm½Hkudkom tm½HkjyKaom tm½HkcGJ ( 2 ? 4) &Sd ( 6 +
8 ) pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/
taeuef (43) yg;qdo k nfrmS emrftm½Hyk gru tjcm;tm½Hrk sm;yg0ifaom tm½Hck JG ( 1 ? 5 ? 6 ? 7 )
&Sd ( 12 + 20 + 5 + 6 ) pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/
5/ ]½kyf{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf (13)yg;}qdkonfrSm ½kyfudkom tm½HkjyKaom tm½HkcGJ (1) &Sd (10+3)
pdww f jYkd zpfonf/
taeuef (43)yg; qdkonfrSm emrftm½Hkomru tjcm;tm½Hkrsm;yg0ifaom tm½HkcGJ (1 ? 5 ? 6 ?
7 ) &Sd ( 12 + 20 + 5 + 6 ) pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/
6/ ]ypöKyeÜ {f ueftm½Hjk yKpw d f (13) yg;} qdo k nfrmS ypöKyeÜ u f o
kd m tm½Hjk yKonhf tm½Hck JG (1) &Sd ( 10 +
3 ) pdwrf sm;jzpfonf/
taeuef (43)yg;qko d nfrmS ypöKyeÜ uf o kd mru tjcm;umvudk tm½Hjk yKEikd o f nhf txufyg pdwrf sm;
yifjzpfonf/
7/ ]twdwt f m½Hjk yKpw
d f (6) yg;}qdo k nfrmS tm½Hck JG (2) &Sd pdwf (6)yg;yifjzpfonf/
taeueftm½Hjk yK (43)yg; qdo k nfrmS twdwt f m½Huk okd mru tjcm;umvudyk g tm½Hjk yKEikd o f nhf
txufygpdwrf sm;yifjzpfonf/
8/ ]tem*wf{uef tm½Hjk yKpw d }f [lí r&Syd g/
taeuef tm½Hjk yKpw d f (43) yg; qdo k nfrmS txufygpdwrf sm;yifjzpfonf/
9/ ]umv0drkwf{ueftm½HkjyKpdwf (29) yg;} qdkonfrSm tm½HkcGJ ( 3 ? 4 ) &Sd ( 21 + 8) pdwfrsm;
jzpfonf/
taeuef (31) yg;qdkonfrSm tm½HkcGJ ( 5 ? 6 ? 7 ) &Sd ( 20 + 5 + 6 ) pdwfrsm;yifjzpfonf/
G H
154
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10/ ynwf{ueftm½Hjk yKpw d f (21) yg; qdo k nfrmS tm½Hck JG (3) &Sd pdww
f yYkd ifjzpfonf/
taeuef(31)yg; qdkonfrSm ynwftm½Hkudkomru tjcm;tm½Hkrsm;udkyg tm½HkjyKEdkifonhf
txufyg pdwf (31) yg;yifjzpfonf/
11/ y&rwf{ueftm½Hjk yKpw d f (39) yg; qdo k nfrmS ynwftm½Hrk ygaom tm½Hck JG (1 ? 2 ? 4) &Sd (25 +
6 + 8 ) pdwfwdkYjzpfonf/
y&rwftaeuef (31)yg; qko d nfrmS txufyg pdwf (31)yg;yif jzpfonf/
12/ tZÑwå{uef tm½HkjyK (6) yg; qdkonfrSm twGif;oEÅmefudkom tm½HkjyKaom tm½HkcGJ (2) &Sd pdwf
(6) yg;jzpfonf/
taeuef (56)yg;qdo k nfrmS tm½Hck JG ( 1 ? 5 ? 6 ? 7 ) &Sd ( 25 + 20 + 5 + 6 ) pdww f jYkd zpfonf/
13/ A[d'¨{uef tm½HkjyKpdwf (26) yg;qkdonfrSm tm½HkcGJ ( 3 ? 4 )&Sd (tmuðMuOf 18 + 8) pdwfwdkY
jzpfygonf/
taeuef (56)yg;qdo k nfrmS txufygpdww f jYkd zpfonf/
rSwcf su/f / tmudÍönm,wepdwf (3) yg; tm½HkjyKaom ewd¬abm ynwfonf tZÑwå?
A[d'¨ (2) yg;vH;k rS tvGwjf zpfonf/ (tZÑw?å A[d'0¨ rd w k )f
14/ yÍöm½H{k uef tm½Hjk yKpw d f (13)yg;qdo k nfrmS tm½Hck JG (1)&Sd ( 10 + 3 ) pdww f jYkd zpfonf/
taeuef (46) yg; qdo k nfrmS yÍö'gG &m0ZÆe;f pdwf (1) yg;? orÜ#pd Kdä i;f pdwf (2)yg;? raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f
pdwf (1) yg;? umraZm (29)yg;? tbdnmPfa'G;? w'g½Hk (11) yg;wdkYjzpfonf/
15/ "r®m½Hkudk {ueftm½HkjyKpdwf (35) yg; qdkonfrSm tm½HkcGJ ( 2 ? 3 ? 4 ) &Sd (6 ? 21? 18) pdwf
wdjYk zpfonf/
taeuef (43) yg; qko d nfrmS tm½Hck JG (1? 5? 6? 7)&Sd (12+20+5+6)pdww f jYkd zpfonf/
16/ uHç ur®ç *wderd wd u f kd {ueftm½Hjk yKpw d f (19)yg;qdo k nfrmS b0ifpw d f (19)yg;jzpfonf/
taeuef tm½Hjk yKpw d [ f íl r&Syd g/
bHkESihf tm½Hk
1/ umrbHkü tm½Hk (6) yg;vHk;udk&onf/
2/ ½lybHkü ½lyg½Hk? o'´g½Hk? "r®m½Hk (3) yg;udk&onf/
3/ t½lybHük "r®m½Hk (1) yg;udo k m&onf/
½kyftm½Hk (5) yg;

½lyg½Hpk aom tm½Hk (5)yg;wdrYk mS ½kyyf &rwfwpfrsK;d wnf;omjzpfonf/
y&rwf (4) yg;ESihf ynwftm½Hk

"r®m½Hük ½kyv
f nf;yg\/ emrfvnf;yg\/ ynwfvnf;yg\/ xkaYd Mumihf y&rwf (4)yg;ESifh ynwftm½Hk
jzpfonf/
G H
a
EF
6/ 0w¬Ko*F[
]pdw\ f wnf&mrS&D m? ajryrm? vGepf Gmaus;Zl;xkw}f

ajrBu;D onf opfyifawmawmif ponfw\ Ykd wnf&m? rS&D mjzpfouJo h Ykd pdwaf pwoduw f \
Ykd
wnf&mrS&D mjzpfaom pu©Kyom'paom 0w¬K½yk f (6)yg;wdo Yk nf 0w¬KrnfMu\/
opfyiftaygif;wdkYonf ajrBuD;udkrSDí aygufa&mufjzpfyGm;Mu&ouJhodkY pdwfapwoduf
wdoYk nfvnf; 0w¬K½yk u f kd rSíD om jzpfay: Mu&\/
ausmif;\wnf&m rS&D majrudk ]0d[m&0w¬K=ausmif;ae&m}[k ac:qo kd uJo h Ykd pdwf apwoduf
wd\ Yk rS&D m½kyu
f kd ]0w¬K}[k ac:qo kd nf/ 0w¬K½yk f (6) yg;&S&d m xd0k w¬K½yk w
f u
Ykd kd tajccHí pdwçf apwoduf
wdu
Yk kd oN*KØ [af ygi;f pk a&wGujf cif;udk ]0w¬Ko*F[} [kac:onf/
0w¬K½kyf (6)yg;\ w&m;udk,fESihf qdkif&m0w¬KudkrSDíjzpfaom 0dnmP"mwf
pOf 0w¬K½kyf- 6 yg; w&m;udk,f qdkif&m0w¬K½kyfudkrSDíjzpfaom "mwf 3 yg;

1 pu©K0w¬K pu©Kyom' 1/ pu©K0dnmP"mwf
puf
2 aomw0w¬K aomwyom' 2/ aomw0dnmP"mwf
aom
yÍö0w¬K
3 Cme0w¬K Cmeyom' 3/ Cme0dnmP"mwf

Cm
yÍö0n
d mP"mwf
4 Zd0Sg0w¬K Zd0Sgyom' 4/ Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwf
Zd
5 um,0w¬K um,yó' 5/ um,0dnmP"mwf
um
6 [',0w¬K [', 6/ raem"mwf raem"mwf
[',0w¬K
['D
ajcmuf (ESv;kH aoG;tpküwnf 7/ raem0dnmP"mwf raem0dnmP"mwf
vD0w¬K½kyf aom ur®Z½kyf)
pu©K0w¬K? aomw0w¬K? Cme0w¬K? Zd0Sg0w¬KESihf um,0w¬K (5) yg;udk ]yÍö0w¬K}[k ac:qdk\/

xdk0w¬K½kyf toD;oD;wdkYonf pu©K0dnmP"mwf? aomw0dnmP"mwf? Cme0dnmP"mwf? Zd0Sg
0dnmP"mwfEiS fh um,0dnmP"mwf[al om yÍö0n d mP"mwf (5) yg;wd\ Yk rS&D m0w¬K½yk rf sm; jzpfMu
onf/
[',0w¬K½yk of nf raem"mwfEiS fh raem0dnmP"mwf (2) yg;wd\ Yk rS&D m0w¬K½yk jf zpfonf/
G H
156
a
EF
"mwf (3) yg; + tod (3) rsKd;

pu©K0w¬Kpaom 0w¬K½kyf (6)yg;udkrSDaom 0dnmP"mwf (tod"mwf)wdkYudk oabmwl
owdjå zihf aygi;f pnf;,lygvQif (1) raem"mwf? (2) yÍö0n
d mP"mwfEiS fh (3) raem0dnmP"mwf[íl
"mwf(3)yg; &So d nf/
1/ raem"mwf
raem"mwf\ w&m;udk,frSm yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf (1)yg;ESihf orÜ#d pdäKif;pdwfa'GwdkYjzpfMuonf/
pdw(f 3)yg;udk raem"mwf (3)[kac:qo kd nf/
0DxdpdwfjzpfpOfwGif b0ifpdwfrsm;jzpfNyD;cgp yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfonf jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf
ponfjzihf pdwfwpfck jzpfvm&ef tm½Hktopfudk a&S;OD;pGmwpfBudrfrQ ,lcGihf&\/ xdkYjyif rSD&m0w¬Kcsif;
rwlaom yÍö0n d mPf tm; teEÅ&owdjå zihf aus;Zl;jyK&ívnf; tm;enf;&jyef\/
xdtYk wl orÜ#d pKdä i;f a'Gonf rS&D m0w¬Kcsi;f rwlaom yÍö0n
d mPfrS teEÅ&owdjå zihf aus;Zl;jyKc&H
í rS&D mwlpw d rf S aus;Zl;jyKc&H oavmuf tm;r&Sad cs/
xdkYaMumihf raem"mwf (3) onf tm½Hk (5)yg;udk qifjcif½HkrQ? od½HkrQomjzpfí tm½Hk (5)yg;udk
odumrQomç od½rkH Qomjzpfaom"mwf jzpf\/ todtenf;qH;k "mwfjzpfonf/
2/ yÍö0dnmP"mwf
yÍö0dnmP"mwf\ w&m;udk,frSm a'GyÍö0dnmPf (10)yg;yifjzpfonf/ pu©K0dnmPfa'G?
aomw 0dnmPfa'G? Cme0dnmPfa'G? Zd0Sg0dnmPfa'GESifh um,0dnmPfa'G[laom yÍö0dnmPf
(10)yg; wdu Yk kd ]yÍö0nd mP"mwf}[k ac:qo kd nf/
yÍö0n d mP"mwfonf rdrw d rYkd &DS m0w¬K½yk üf wdu
k ½f u
kd x
f ifvmaom tm½H(k 5)yg;udk ,l&ojzihf
raem "mwfxuf xl;aomodjcif;&S\ d / toD;oD;aom tm½H(k 5)yg;udk xif&mS ;od\/
od&Yk mwGif rS&D mrwlaom tm0ZÆe;f rS teEÅ&owdjå zihf aus;Zl;tjyKc&H ojzihf tm;rjynhw f wfacs/
3/ raem0dnmP"mwf
raem0dnmP"mwf\ w&m;udk,frSm a'GyÍö0dnmPf (10) ESihf raem"mwf (3) yg;wdkYrS
<uif;aom pdw(f 76)yg;yifjzpfonf/
raem0dnmP"mwfonf raem"mwfuJhodkY od½HkrQomru yÍö0dnmP"mwfuJhodkY
xif&mS ;od½rkH Q omru tm½Hu k ykd ikd ;f jcm;í (txl;odEikd af om"mwfjzpfonf/)
þuJhodkY txl;od&jcif;rSm 0DxdpdwfjzpfpOfwGif raem0dnmP"mwfü tusKH;0ifaom pdwf
(76)yg; wdo Yk nf tm½Htk opfukd a&S;OD;pGm r,l&jcif;? rS&D mwlaom pdww f rYkd S teEÅ&owdjå zihf aus;Zl;jyKcH
&jcif;wdaYk Mumihf tm;jynh0f Muonf/
G H
a
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0dnmP"mwf (7) yg;

tod"mwf (3)rsKd;wGif yÍö0dnmP"mwfudk (5)rsKd;cGJjcm;Edkifojzihf 0dnmP"mwf (7)rsKd; [lí
vnf; cGJjcm;qdEk ikd o
f nf/
pOf rSD&m0w¬K "mwf (3) yg; "mwf (7) yg; w&m;udk,f
1 [',0w¬K 1 raem"mwf 1/ raem"mwf - yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1
- orÜ#dpdäKif;a'G 2
2 yÍö0w¬K 2 yÍö0dnmP"mwf 2/ pu©K0dnmP"mwf - pu©K0dnmPfa'G
3/ aomw0dnmP"mwf - aomw0dnmPfa'G
4/ Cme0dnmP"mwf - Cme0dnmPfa'G
5/ Zd0Sg0dnmP"mwf - Zd0Sg0dnmPfa'G
6/ um,0dnmP"mwf - um,0dnmPfa'G
3 [',0w¬K 3 raem0dnmP 7/ raem0dnmP"mwf - a'G yÍö0nd mPf (10)yg;

"mwf ESihf raem"mwf (3) yg;rS
<uif;aompdwf (76) yg;
bHk (3) yg;

y&rw¬oabmtm;jzihf owå0gqo kd nfrmS ½ky?f emrf (2)yg;udk pkxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ cE¨m&&Srd I
OD;a&udk rlwnfí owå0grsm; rSw
D if;aexdik &f mbHuk kd cGJjcm;vQif bHk (3)yg;&So
d nf/
1/ yÍöa0gum&bHk
]a0gum&}qdo k nfrmS ]cE¨m}yifjzpfonf/ ½ky?f emrftpH&k adS om owå0gudk ]yÍöa0gum& owå0g}
[kac:onf/
½kyfcE¨mjzpfaom ½lyu©E¨m (1)yg;ESihf a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&mu©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m
jzpfaom emrfcE¨m (4)yg;[lí ½kyf? emrfcE¨m (5)yg;&Sd\/ cE¨m (5)yg; tjynhft0&Sdaom owå0grsm;
aexdik &f mbHu k kd yÍöa0gum&bH[ k ak c:onf/
cE¨m (5) yg;&Sad om yÍöa0gum&bHw k rYkd mS umr (11)bHEk iS fh ½ly (15)bH?k aygi;f (26)bHk &So
d nf/
2/ pwka0gum&bHk
t½lyjA[®mwdkYrSm ½kyfudkwyfrufjcif;uif;aom bm0em\tpGrf;aMumihf ½kyfr&SdbJ
emrfoufoufom &SdMu\/ t½ly (4)bHkwdkYonf emrfcE¨m (4)yg;&Sdaom t½lyjA[®mrsm; aexdkif&m
pwka0gum&bHrk sm; jzpfMuonf/
G H
158
a
EF
3/ {ua0gum&bHk
tonowfjA[®mwdkYonf emrfw&m;udk tjypfjrifNyD; emrfw&m;uif;atmif tm;xkwfcJhaom
bm0emtpGrf;aMumihf emrfw&m;uif;rJhaom ½kyfcsnf;oufoufjzpfMu&\/ ½kyfcE¨mwpfrsKd;om&Sdaom
tonowfjA[®mrsm;udk ]]{ua0gum& owå0grsm;}} [k ac:\/
tonowfjA[®mrsm;aexkdif&m tonowf (1) bHkudk ]]{ua0gum&bHk}}[k ac:qdkonf/
k
k
bHktm;jzihf&xdkufaom 0w¬KESihf 0dnmP"mwf

1/ yÍöa0gum&bHkü &xdkufaom 0w¬Krsm;ESihf 0dnmP"mwfrsm;
(u) umr (11)bHk
(0w¬K ajcmufpHk? umrbHk? tukef&onfom)
yÍöa0gum& (26) bHkteuf tyg,f (4)bHk? vlUbHkESihf ewfjynf 6 xyf[laom umr (11)bHkü
0w¬Ktm½Hkumr*kPfudk awmihfwaom umrwPSmonf umrbHküom jzpfcGihf&Sd\/ umrbHkü pu©K0w¬K?
aomw0w¬K? Cme0w¬K? Zd0Sg0w¬K? um,0w¬KESihf [',0w¬K[lí 0w¬K (6)yg;vHk;udk &Ekdkif\/
0w¬K (6) yg;udk pHpk v
kH ifvif&&Sad omaMumihf 0dnmP"mwf (7)yg;vH;k ud&k &S\
d /
(c) tonowfMuOf ½ly (15) bHk

]]pufç aomç ESpw f ef[ ',H? oH;k wef½yl rSm}}
yÍöa0gum&bHkwGif yg0ifaom (tonowfMuOf) ½ly (15)bHkwdkYü pu©K0w¬K? aomw0w¬KESihf
[',0w¬K[lí 0w¬K (3) yg;wdkYudkom &&Sdonf/
½lyjA[®mwdo Yk nf umr*kPw f &m;rsm;udk Ni;D aiGUaom umr0d&m* bm0emuHtpGr;f aMumihf umr
wPSm\ toH;k taqmifoufoufjzpfaom Cme? Zd0gS ? um,0w¬K (3) yg;wdu Yk kd r&Mu/ bk&m;zl;jrif&efEiS fh
w&m;emMum;Edik &f eftwGuf pu©K0w¬KEiS fh aomw0w¬Kwu Ykd o
kd m&Mu\/ od&Yk mwGif ESmacgif;? vQm? ud,k cf E¨myHk
oP²mefwu Ykd m; tcsK;d usustjynht
f pH&k MdS u\/
0dnmP"mwftm;jzihf pu©K0w¬Kurkd í DS jzpf&aom pu©K0n d mP"mwf? aomw0w¬Kukd rSí D jzpf&aom
aomw0dnmP"mwf? [',0w¬Kurkd í DS jzpf&aom raem"mwfEiS fh raem0dnmP "mwf[í l 0dnmP"mwf
(4)yg;udk &&So d nf/
2/ pwka0gum&bHkü &xdkufaom 0w¬Krsm;ESihf 0dnmP"mwfrsm;
]]t½lyrl? 0w¬K[?l jrLrQr&Syd g}}
pwka0gum&bH[ k í
l ac:qdak om t½ly (4) bHw k üYkd 0w¬K½yk [
f í
l jrLrQr&Sad y/ ½ky[
f o
l rQukd Ni;D aiGU
pufqyk af om ½ly0d&m*bm0emuHaMumihf ½kyrf &Sb
d J emrfoufoufjzpf&aomaMumihf 0w¬K½yk f (6) yg;vH;k udk
r&Mu/ "mwftm;jzihf rem0dnmP"mwf (1) yg;om&\/
G H
a
EF
3/ {ua0gum&bHkü &xdkufaom 0w¬Krsm;ESihf 0dnmP"mwfrsm;

{ua0gum&bHjk zpfaom tonowf (1) bHük emrfuNkd i;D aiGaU om t½ly0d&m* bm0em tpGr;f
aMumihf emrf[lí tvsOf;r&&SdMu/ ½kyfcE¨m (1) yg;om &&SdMuonf/ emrfw&m;rsm; r&&Sdí 0w¬K½kyf
(6)yg;vH;k ESifh 0dnmP"mwf (7)yg;vH;k r&tyf[k rSwo
f m;tyf\/
bHk (3) yg;ü&tyfaom 0w¬K? 0dnmP"mwf
pOf 31-bHk &aom0w¬K½kyf 0w¬Kurkd íDS jzpf&aom 0dnmP"mwf

1 yOöa0gum&
(26) bHk
(u) umr 11 bHk 1/ pu©K0w¬K 1/ pu©K0dnmP"mwf
2/ aomw0w¬K 2/ aomw0dnmP"mwf
3/ Cme0w¬K 3/ Cme0dnmP"mwf
4/ Zd0Sg0w¬K 4/ Zd0Sg0dnmP"mwf
5/ um,0w¬K 5/ um,0dnmP"mwf
6/ [',0w¬K 6/ raem"mwf
7/ raem0dnmP"mwf
(c) ½ly 15 bHk 1/ pu©K0w¬K 1/ pu©K0dnmP"mwf

(tonowfMuOf) 2/ aomw0w¬K 2/ aomw0dnmP"mwf
3/ [',0w¬K 3/ raem"mwf
4/ raem0dnmP"mwf
2 pwka0gum& (4)bHk
(t½ly 4-)bHk r&Sd raem0dnmP"mwf
3 {ua0gum& (1)bHk
tonowf (1) bHk r&Sd r&Sd

G H
160
a
EF
pOf o*F[tcGJ trScD 0H w¬K rSDaompdwfrsm;

1 0w¬Kukd {uef pdwf 1
rSaD ompdwf (43) yg; tm y oH P 0k 5 5 5
= 43
(rSpD wkaw;/) 1 10 2 3 +1 8
> 2
yOö0w¬K (u) yOö0n d mP"mwf-10

a'G yOö0n
d mPf 10 yg;
(c) raem"mwf-3
1/ yOö'gG &m0ZÆe;f pdwf 1 yg;
2/ or®#pd Kdä i;f pdwf 2 yg;
[',0w¬K
(*) raem0dnmP"mwf-30
1/ oEÅ&D Ppdwf 3 yg;
2/ r[m0dygupf w d f 8 yg;
3/ a'gorl 2 yg;
4/ [odwyk gÜ 'f 1 yg;
5/ ½lyg0p&pdwf 15 yg;
6/ aomwmywård *f 1 yg;
aygi;f = 43 yg;
2 0w¬K½kyfudktNrJrrSD
aom pdwf 4 yg; t½ly0dygufpdwf 4 yg;
]rrSDav;}
7
3 0w¬K½kyfudk&HcgrSD 4 4
&HcgrrDSaompdwf r
= 42 yg;
1
(42)yg; 8 8
10
(0w¬K taeuefr)DS raem0dnmP"mwf 42 yg;
]pa'G; rSD - rrS}D 1/ avmbrlpw d f 8 yg;
2/ arm[rlpw d f 2 yg;
3/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdwf 1 yg;
4/ r[mukov kd pf w d f 8 yg;
5/ r[mBu, d mpdwf 8 yg;
6/ t½lyukov kd pf wd f 4 yg;
7/ t½lyBu, d mpdwf 4 yg;
8/ aomwmywård *fMuOfaom avmukw&å mpdwf 7 yg;
pkpak ygi;f 42 yg;
G H
a
EF
&Sif;wrf;
1/ a'GyÍö0dnmPf (10) yg;onf pu©K0w¬Kpaom yÍö0w¬K (5) yg;udk trSDjyKíjzpf&aomaMumihf

yÍö0w¬K½yk &f aumif;aom yÍöa0gum&bHük om 0w¬K½yk u f kd tNrJríDS jzpf&onf/
(u) raem"mwf (3)[kac:aom yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwf 1 yg;ESihf orÜ#d pädKif; 2 yg;wdkYonf
yÍö'Gg&pdwf jzpfwdkif;jzpf\/ t½lybHküjzpf&ef yÍö'Gg&r&Sdí yÍöa0gum&bHküom
[',0w¬K½yk u f kd tNrJ rSíD jzpf&onf/
( c ) 1/ oEDÅ&P (3) yg;onf yÍö'Gg&0Dxd? raem'Gg&0DxdwdkYü oEDÅ&Pudpö? w'g½Hkudpö
wyfíjzpf\/ t½lybHkü yÍö'Gg&r&Sd? w'g½Hkudpöwyf&eftwGufvnf; w'g½Hkjzpf&
rnhf umr owå0g? umrtm½H?k umraZm[lí t*Fg (3)yg; rjynhpf kH aom t½lybHük
w'g½Hkudpör&Sd/ xdkYaMumihf oEDÅ&P(3)yg;onf umr½lybHkü [',0w¬K½kyfudk
tNrJríDS jzpf&onf/
2/ umrm0p&ukov kd u f oH nf 0w¬Ktm½Hu k mr*kPu f kd awmihw f cHpm;vdak om umr
wPSm t&if;cH&Sd\/ xdkwPSm\ tvdkus xdkuH\ r[m0dygufpdwf (8)yg;onf
vnf; umrbHük om [',0w¬K½yk u f kd tNrJríDS jzpfonf/
3/ a'gorl (2)yg;onf eD0&Pw&m;tppfjzpf\/ psmefw&m;\ usupf m;&m eD0&P
uif;aom ½lybH?k t½lybHw k üYkd jzpfcGirfh &/ umrbHük om jzpfcGi&fh o dS nf/
4/ bk&m;&[EÅmwdkY\ NyHK;&,fpdwfjzpfaom [odwkyÜg'fpdwf (1)yg;onf cE¨mudk,f
r&Sad om t½lybHük rjzpfEikd ?f umrbH?k ½lybHük om [',0w¬Kurkd íDS jzpf&\/
5/ ½ky&f adS om ½lybHo k Ykd a&mufaMumif;jzpfaom ½lyg0p&pdwf ( 15 ) yg;onf
½kyf uif;rJah om t½lybHük rjzpfEikd /f
6/ aomwmywdrå *f&&ef (1) oyÜK&o d oHao0 - olawmfaumif;udk rScD &kd jcif;? (2)
o'¨r®ó0e - w&m;oHemMum;&jcif;? (3) a,medaomreodum& -
oihfwihfatmif ESvHk; oGif;&jcif;? (4) "r®mEk"r®y#dyEé - 0dyóemtusihfudk
usihf&jcif;[lí taMumif; (4)yg;&Sd\/ w&m;em&ef ½kyfcE¨mr&Sdaom t½lybHkü
]y&awm-aCmo = olwpfyg; xHrS emMum;&aom w&m;oH}uif;aomaMumihf
aomwmywdår*fr&Ekdif/
aomwmywdrå *fu&kd Ny;D vQifw&m;udkrem&aomfvnf; tvdv k kdw&m;om;wufí txufr*frsm;
udk &Edik o
f nf/
2/ ½kyfü wyfrufjcif;uif;aom t½lybm0em ukodkvftpGrf;aMumihf tusKd;ay;&m (t½lybHkü)
t½ly 0dygupf w d f (4)yg;onf tcgcyford ;f 0w¬Kurkd rSb D J jzpfMuonf/ xdpk w d f 4 yg;onf t½ly jA[®mwd\ Yk
y#doaE¨pw d ?f b0ifpw d ?f pkwpd w d rf sm;jzpfMuonf/
3/ (42)yg;aompdww f o
Ykd nf rS&D m0w¬K½yk &f adS om cE¨m (5) yg;&So d nhf umrbH?k ½lybHük jzpfcu kd 0f ,f
0w¬K½yk u f rkd íDS jzpfMuonf/
½kyrf &S?d emrfcE¨m (4)yg;&Sad om t½ly (4)bHük jzpfcu dk 0f w¬K½yk u f kd rrSbD JjzpfMuonf/
G H
162
a
EF
yudP;f ydik ;f ar;cGe;f rsm;

1954 ckESpf
1/ £È, d´ ab'tm;jzihf okco[*kwpf w d u
f kd xkwjf yí ¤if;ESi,
hf OS af om apwodu?f ¤if;\udp?ö 'Gg&?
tm½Hk? 0w¬KwdkYudkvnf; xkwfjycJhyg/
2/ oHk;udpö oHk;Xme? av;udpöav;Xme? ig;udpö ig;Xmewyfaom pdwfwdkYudk azmfjyí xkdpdwfwdkYudk
a0'em? [dwt f m;jzifh a0zefcyhJ g/
3/ wpf'gG &üjzpfaom pdww f \
Ykd taygif;ocsmF udk xkwjf yNy;D vQif xdpk wd w
f Ykd ,SOEf ikd af om apwoduf
wdkYudkvnf; xkwfjycJhyg/
4/ umrtm½H?k r[*¾Kwt f m½H?k ynwftm½H?k edAmÁ eftm½Hu k kd tm½Hjk yKaom pdww f \Ydk o½kyu f kd taygif;
ocsmF rQ toD;oD;xkwjf ycJyh g/
1955 ckESpf
1/ (u) tEkb0e vu©Pmtm;jzifh jym;aom okca0'em?
(c) £È, d´ ab'tm;jzifh jym;aom okca0'emwd\ Yk jcm;em;yHuk kd &Si;f vif;jyNy;D vQif
(*) Oayu©ma0'emESihf ,SOaf om pdwo f ½kyt
f oD;oD;udv k nf; a&wGujf yyg/
2/ (u) avmuDo[dwpf w d Ef iS hf (c) avmuD wd[wd pf w
d w f \
Ykd o½kyu f kd Zmwdab'tm;jzifh a&wGuf
jyyg/
3/ atmufwiG f azmfjyxm;aom yk'rf sm;udk wpfcpk D t"dymÜ ,f&iS ;f vif;jyyg/
(u) b0ifupd ö (c) aZmudpö (*) w'g½Hu k pd ö
4/ (u) ajcmuf'gG &üjzpfaom pdwf
(c) &Hcgajcmuf'gG &üjzpfí &Hcgajcmuf'gG &rS vGwaf ompdw/f
(*) tcsif;cyfodrf;ajcmuf'Gg&rS vGwfaompdwfwkdYudk a&wGufjyNyD;vQif tb,ftpGrf;jzifh
ajcmuf'Gg&rS vGwfonfudkvnf; ajzyg/
1956 ckESpf
1/ (u) 0w¬K½yk u f kd rSíD omjzpfaompdw/f
(c) 0w¬K½yk u f kd rSíD vnf;aumif;? rrSíD vnf;aumif; jzpfaompdw/f
(*) 0w¬K½yk u f kd rrSrD íl jzpfaompdww f oYkd nf rnfrQp&D adS Mumif;udk ajzqdck yhJ g/
2/ Xmeq,fah v;yg;udk a&wGuaf zmfjyNy;D vQif tm0ZÆe;f ESpXf meudv k nf; azmfjyyg/
3/ um,'Gg&ü jzpfaompdw?f apwodurf sm;udk azmfjyNy;D vQif um,'Gg&dupdwrf sm;rS {u'Gg&du pdw?f
yÍö'gG &dupdwrf sm;udv k nf; azmfjyyg/
4/ r[mukov kd f ÓPorÜ,w k pf w
d o
f nf t&[wåzv kd u
f kd tm½Hjk yKEikd ?f rjyKEikd t
f aMumif;jyí ajzqdyk g/
5/ ½lyg0p& yXrpsmef y#doaE¨pdwf? ae0onmemonm,we y#doaE¨pdwfwkdYonf tb,fudk
tm½Hjk yKonfukd azmfjyyg/
G H
a
EF
6/ tb,faMumifh yg'upsmef? tb,faMumihf 0k|me*grded0dyóemaZm ac:&onfudk azmfjy

&Si;f vif;cJyh g/
1957 ckESpf
1/ a0'emonf tEkb0etm;jzifh rnfrQ? £aÈ´tjym;tm;jzifh rnfrQ&Sdoenf;/ ¤if;wdkYcsif; ta&
twGuf nDrQatmif rnfonfah 0'emudk rnfonfah 0'emxJ xnfo h ifo h enf;/
2/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;wd\
Yk o½kyt f "dymÜ ,fukd azmfjyNy;D vQif emrf'gG &? ½ky'f gG & cGcJ yhJ g/
3/ rnfonft h &mudk [',0w¬Kac:oenf;/ ¤if; [',0w¬Kü rSaD om 0dnmP"mwfrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
4/ atmufygpdwrf sm;udk xkwjf yyg/
(u) r[*¾Kwu f o
kd m tm½Hjk yKaompdwf
( c ) ynwfudkom tm½HkjyKaompdwf
( * ) edAmÁ efuo kd m tm½Hjk yKaompdwf
1958 ckESpf
1/ 'G[
d w
d pf w d w f \ Ykd o½kyu f kd azmfxw k Nf y;D vQif 'd[
G w
d t
f & rnfonf[ h w d rf sm;udk ,l&rnf[k jyqdck yhJ g/
2/ {u'Gg&dupdwfwdkY\ o½kyfudk xkwfjyNyD;vQif xkdpdwfwdkYwGif rnfonfhpdwfonf rnfonfh 'Gg&ü
jzpfonf[k azmfjycJyh g/
3/ 'Gg&0drw k pf w d w f \
Ydk o½kyu f kd xkwjf yyg/
4/ tvHk;pHkaom tm½Hkudk tm½HkjyKaom pdwfwdkY\ o½kyfudk xkwfjyyg/
5/ 0w¬K½yk u f kd rSíD vnf;aumif;? rrSrD í l vnf;aumif; jzpfaompdww f \ Ykd taygif;ocsmF udk jyNy;D vQif
¤if;wdoYk nf rnfonft h cg0w¬K½yk u f kd rSí
D rnfonft h cg 0w¬K½yk uf kd rrSb
D jJ zpf oenf;/
1972 ckESpf
1/ a'gorla'Gü &Edkifaom a0'em? [dwf? udpöwdkYukd azmfjyyg/
2/ 5 'Gg&üjzpfaom pdwEf iS hf ynwfukd {ueftm½Hjk yKaompdwwf u
Ykd kd xkwjf yyg/
3/ tvHk;pHkaom tm½Hkudk tm½HkjyKEdkifaom pdwfwdkYudk a&wGufjyí umrbHk? ½lybHk? t½lybHkwdkYü
jzpfaom 0w¬K½yk rf sm;udk toD;oD;azmfjyyg/
1975 ckESpf
1/ 5 udpöwyfaom pdwfrsm;udk xkwfjyí ¤if;udpörsm;udkvnf; azmfjyyg/
2/ edAmÁ efukd (u) {ueftm½Hjk yKaompdw?f (c) taeuef tm½Hjk yKaompdww f u
Ykd kd a&wGujf yyg/
3/ [',0w¬K½yk u f kd (u) tNrJrSDaom avmukwå&mpdwf?
(c) &HcgrS?D &HcgrrSaD ompdww
f u
Ykd kd xkwjf yyg/
G H
164
a
EF
1976 ckESpf
1/ yudPf;ydkif;vm o*F[ 6 yg;udk a&wGufjyí wd[dwfpdwf 47 yg;udk a&wGufjyyg/
2/ (u) av;udpw ö yfaom pdwEf iS hf (c) ig;'Gg&üjzpfaom pdww f u
Ykd kd a&wGujf yyg/
3/ "r®m½Hk 6 yg;udk a&wGujf yí? [',0w¬K½yk u f kd tNrrJ aDS ompdww f udYk kd a&wGujf yyg/
1977 ckESpf
1/ a0'em b,fEpS rf sK;d &Syd goenf;? rdrad jcaxmufü ql;pl;cH&vQif rnfonfh a0'emrsK;d jzpfygoenf;/
2/ vlwYkd y#doaEäeaomtcg? tdyaf ysmaf omtcg? aoaomtcgwdüYk jzpfEikd af om pdww f u
Ykd kd a&wGuf
azmfjyyg/
3/ avmukwå&mpdwf 8 yg;udk a0'em? [dwf? udpö? 'Gg&? tm½Hk 0w¬Ktm;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
1978 ckESpf
1/ atmufygpdwrf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
(u) rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f[laom 'Gg& 5 yg;üom jzpfaompdwf?
(c) raem'Gg&üom jzpfaompdw/f
2/ pdwfç apwodufrsm;udk rSDíjzpf&aom vludk,f&Sd 0w¬K½kyf 6 yg;udk a&wGufjyí? azm|AÁm½Hkudk
{ueftm½Hjk yKEikd o
f nfh pdwrf sm;udk a&wGujf yyg/
3/ ausmif;om;wpfa,mufonf pmar;yGaJ jz&ef pmusuaf epOf tdyaf ysmo f mG ;&m tdyaf ysmaf epOf ol\
pdwo
f nf rnfonf'h gG &üjzpfNy;D rnfonft h m½Huk kd tm½Hjk yKygoenf;/
1979 ckESpf
1/ o[dwpf w d f rnfrQ&o dS nfukd ocsmF rQ azmfjyí? {u[dwçf 'G[ d w
d pf w d çf wd[wd pf w d rf sm;udk cGjJ cm;jyyg/
2/ vlü 'Gg& 6 yg;&S&d m wpf'gG &pDüom jzpfaom pdww f u
Ykd kd azmfjyí pdwEf iS hf 'Gg&wkuYd kd toD;oD;,SOw f jJGyyg/
3/ tm½Hk 6 yg;wdw Yk iG f "r®m½Hjk zpfxu kd af om w&m;wdu Yk kd tbd"r®moN*KØ [v f mtwkid ;f aumufjycJyh g/
4/ vl\pdwu f kd "mwftm;jzifh cGjJ cm;&mü yÍö0n d mP"mwf? raem"mwf? raem0dnmP "mwfwo Ykd nf
rnfonfh 0w¬K½yk w f u Ydk kd rSí
D jzpfaMumif; toD;oD;,SOw f aJG zmfjycJyh g/
1980 ckESpf
1/ pdwf 89 yg;wdkYwGif t&Sdeft[kefjyif;pGm jzpfay:wwfaom aZmpdwfrsm; rnfrQ&Sdygoenf;?
a&wGujf yyg/
2/ edAmÁ efcsr;f om w&m;awmfjrwfukd rnfonfph w
d rf sK;d jzifh rkcsojd rifEikd yf goenf;/
3/ þar;cGe;f vTmudk Munfjh rifpOfcPü jzpfay:aom 0dnmP"mwfEiS hf ¤if;\ rS&D m0w¬Kukd azmfjycJyh g/
G H
a
EF
1981 ckESpf
1/ atmufygtcgwdüYk rnfonfah 0'emrsm; jzpfygoenf;/
(u) xef;vsufudk pm;aomtcg
(c) vufudk rD;avmifaomtcg
2/ vlü&Sdaom 'Gg& 6 yg;wdkYudk a&wGufazmfjyí pu©K'Gg&üjzpfaom pdwfrsm;udk ocsFmrQ azmfjycJhyg/
3/ vlü&Sdaom 0dnmP"mwf 7 rsKd;wdkYudk a&wGufazmfjycJhyg/
1982 ckESpf
1/ {u[dwf? 'Gd[dwf? wd[dwfqdkaompum;ü toD;oD;yg0ifEdkifaom [dwfw&m;rsm;udk azmfjyyg/
2/ vl\ ud, k üf &Sad om 'Gg& 6 yg;\ trnfrsm;udk azmfjyí ¤if;'Gg& 6 yg;vH;k ü rjzpfaompdwrf sm;udk
azmfjyyg/
3/ tm½Hk 6 yg;&Sdonfhteuf pu©Kyom'onf rnfonfhtm½Hkü yg0ifonfudk azmfjyyg/
4/ pdww
f ikd ;f onf ESv;kH om; [',0w¬K½yk uf kd rSí
D jzpfoavm? rSí
D omjzpfaompdw?f vH;k 0rSí
D rjzpfaom
pdwwf u Ykd kd cGjJ cm;azmfjyyg/
1983 ckESpf
1/ atmufyg tbd"r®modzG,f&mwdkYudk azmfjyyg/
(u) cHpm;csuaf 0'em 3 rsK;d
(c) tukodkvf[dwf 3 rsKd;
(*) tAsmuw[dwf 3 rsKd;
2/ raem'Gg&üjzpfaom pdwrf sm;udk a&wGuaf zmfjyyg/
3/ "r®m½H[
k o
l nf rnfonfwh &m;rsK;d jzpfygoenf;? ½kyo
f nf "r®m½Hjk zpfEikd yf goavm &Si;f vif;ajzqdyk g/
1984 ckESpf
1/ ]]aomreóo[*kwf? vufzufu oHk;av;vkwf MuufoGefaMumfrsm;rsm;ESifh Adkufum;atmif
wkwNf y;D vQi?f xkad ompmcsK;d t& pdwf 89 yg;wd}Yk }wGif aomreó o[*kwpf w d af ygif; rnfrQ&o
dS nf
udk a&wGufjyyg/
2/ vsifjrefpGm ajy;aom a,musfm;uJhodkY t&Sdeft[kefvsifpGmjzpfaom aZmpdwf? rnfrQ&Sdonfudk
azmfjyNy;D vQif ukov dk çf tukov kd çf Bu,
d mtm;jzifv h nf; cGjJ cm;azmfjyyg/
3/ pu©Kpaom 'Gg& 6 yg;wdkYü rjzpfaom pdwfrsm;udk a&wGufazmfjyyg/
4/ tqif;ç toHç teHYç t&omç tawGU[laom tm½Hk 5 yg;vHk;udk tm½HkjyKEdkifaom pdwfrsm;udk
rSeuf efpmG azmfjyyg/
G H
166
a
EF
1985 ckESpf
1/ vlb Y 0ü vlom;wpfO;D taejzifh y#doaEüpd w ö yfíjzpfEikd af om pdww
f u
Ykd kd &Edik of rQ a&wGuaf zmfjy
cJyh g/
2/ vlom;wpfO;D twGuf wpfaeYwmtwGi;f cHpm;&Edik o f rQaom a0'emwdu Yk kd ukepf ifatmif azmfjyyg/
3/ tvSLr*FvmyGJwpfckodkYoGm;&ef t0wftpm;opfrsm;udk 0wfqifvdkuf&mü rdrdudk,fwGif xdawGU
cHpm;rIt& jzpfay:Edik af om pdww f u Ykd kd a&wGuaf zmfjycJyh g/
4/ raem'Gg&üjzpfEikd o
f rQaom pdww f uYkd kd tbd"r®wo ¬ N*KØ [ef nf;t& jynfph pkH mG a&wGuaf zmfjycJyh g/
1986 ckESpf
1/ toJuGJoDcsif;oHudk Mum;aomtcg jzpfay:vmaom Mum;odpdwf (aomw0dnmPf)\ tm½Hk
cHpm;rIa0'emudk ajzqdNk y;D vQif Xmeig;ckwiG f yg0ifí udpiö g;rsK;d udk xrf;aqmifEikd af om pdwo f ½kyf
udkvnf; xkwfjyyg/
2/ "r®m½Hw k iG f yg0ifaom w&m;"r®wu Ykd kd xkwjf yNy;D vQif tm½Hk (6)yg;rSwpfyg; tjcm; ]]q|rtm½H}k }[lí
&SEd ikd ^f r&SEd ikd f qH;k jzwfyg/
3/ [',0w¬K½yk u f rkd aDS om pdwrf sm;udk ukepf ifatmif a&wGujf yyg/
1987 ckESpf
1/ oefYpifyef;tvSudk jrif&aomtcg jzpfay:vmaom jrifodpdwf (pu©K0dnmPf)\ tm½HkcHpm;rI
a0'emudk azmfjyNy;D vQif ukov kd f 'G[d wd pf w d o
f ½kyu f v
kd nf; xkwjf yyg/
2/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f pdw\ f udprö sm;udk azmfjyNy;D vQif ,if;pdwo f nf tb,fupd jö zifh tb,f'gG &ü jzpfyg
oenf;? toD;oD;ajzqdyk g/
3/ tm½Hik g;yg;ESihf 0dnmPfig;rsK;d wduYk kd ,SOwf aJG zmfjyNy;D vQif tm½Hik g;yg;rSvw
G af om tjcm;tm½H&k ^dS r&Sd
udkvnf; ajzqdkyg/
1988 ckESpf
1/ t[dwfpdwf 18 yg;wdkYwGif [dwfwpfyg;om&Sdaom ({u[dwf)pdwfudk azmfjyyg/
2/ Munfhaomoljrif\ [kqdk&m0,f jrifrIudpöudk tb,fpdwfu aqmif&Gufay;ygoenf;? ajzqdkí
,if;pdw\ f tm½Hu
k v
kd nf; odom½Hak zmfjycJyh g/
3/ tb,f"mwfudk raem"mwf[kac:ygoenf;/ azmfjyí ,if;raem"mwf\ rDS&m0w¬Kudkvnf;
ajzqdyk g/
G H
a
EF
1989 ckESpf
1/ taMumif;w&m;jzpfaom [dwfajcmufyg; o½kyfudk azmfjyí ,if;[dwfajcmufyg;udk ukodkvf?
tukov kd ?f tAsmuw[dwt f m;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
2/ vlwkYdü csrf;omrI (okc)? qif;&JrI ('ku©) a0'emwdkYudk cHpm;&onfhtcg ,if;a0'emwdkYESifhwuG
jzpfaom pdww f uYkd kd cGjJ cm;a&;jyyg/
3/ oif\ cE¨mud, k üf &Sad om 'Gg&ajcmufcw k wYkd iG f ]]raem'Gg&}}[lonf tb,ft&mudk ac:qdyk goenf;/
azmfjyí ,if;raem'Gg&üjzpfaompdww f u Ykd v
kd nf; tusO;f ocsmF o½kyrf Q a&;jyyg/
4/ umrbHo k m; vlom;wdik ;f ü &&Sad om 0w¬K½yk rf sm;udk a&wGujf yí t½lyjA[®mrsm;ü rnfonfh 0w¬K
½kyrf sm;&So d nf? r&So d nfuv kd nf; &Si;f vif;a&;om;chyJ g/
1990 ckESpf
1/ a0'em (3)yg;? a0'em (5)yg;[k ajymqdMk u&mü (3)yg;? (5)yg;wd\ Yk o½kyu f x
kd w
k jf yí okca0'em
ESifhwuG jzpfaom pdwfudkvnf; ñTefMum;jyyg/
2/ udpö (14)yg;udk rrSm;atmif a&wGujf yyg/
3/ pdwf (89)yg;teuf tcgcyford ;f 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSvw G af om pdwrf sm;udk ñTeMf um;jyyg/
4/ pdwf (89)yg;teuf avmukw&å mtm½Hrk w S pfyg; uset
f m½Hrk sm;udk tm½Hjk yKEikd af om pdwrf sm;udk odom½Hk
rQazmfjyyg/
1991 ckESpf
1/ yudP;f ydik ;f vm [dwaf jcmufyg;o½kyu f kd xkwjf yí pdwf (89)yg;udk {u[dw?f 'G[ d w
d ?f wd[w
d pf wd f
wdjYk zihf tusO;f ocsmF rQ a0zefcyhJ g/
2/ Xmeq,fyg;udk rSeu f efatmif ajzqdí k oH;k udp?ö oH;k Xmewyfaom pdwrf sm;udv k nf; tusO;f csKyf
azmfjycJyh g/
3/ avmuwGif ]]raem"mwf}}jzifh twwfa[monfqdk&mü tb,ft&mudk raem"mwf ac:qdk&
ygoenf;/ ajzqdí k ,if;raem"mwf\ wnf&mrS&D m'Gg&? tm½H?k 0w¬Kwu Ykd v
kd nf; ñTejf ya&;om;cJyh g/
1992 ckESpf
1/ pdw?f apwoduw f oYkd nf pmajzolw\ Ykd cE¨mtdrof Ykd rnfonfwh cH g;aygufrsm;rS 0ifa&mufvmMu
ygoenf;/ 0ifa&mufvmonfh wHcg;ayguf\ trnfrsm;udk azmfjyí ,if;wHcg;aygufrsm;rS
0ifa&mufrvmEdik of nfh pdww f uYkd v
kd nf; ñTejf yyg/
2/ ]]psmeftbdnmOf}}[laom pum;0,f ]]tbdnmOf}}\ y&rw¬w&m;ud, k u
f kd azmfjyí ,if;tbdnmOf
xl;xl;jcm;jcm;tm½Hjk yKo&d EdS ikd of nfh t&mrsm;udv k nf; ajzqdyk g/
G H
168
a
EF
3/ Ak'b
¨ mom0ifjzpfow l ikd ;f ]]edAmÁ efukd tm½Hjk yKí vSL'gef;onf}}qk&d mü edAmÁ efukd {ueftm½Hjk yKEikd af om
pdwof ½kyu
f kd xkwjf yí avmuDtm½Hrk sm;ESihf aysmaf rGUvsu&f adS om pdww f uYkd v
kd nf; a&wGujf yyg/
4/ pdwf? apwodufwdkY\ wnf&mrSD&m 0w¬K (6)yg;udk a&wGufjyí ,if;0w¬K½kyfrsm;udk vHk;0r&SdbJ
jzpfaom pdwfwdkYudkvnf; ajzqdkyg/
1993 ckESpf
1/ ]]udprö sm;ajrmif þvlaY bmif0,f}}[lonfEiS t hf nD vlom;wpfa,muftwGuf arG;onfrS aoonf
txd rvTrJ z,fjyKz, G u f pd rö sm;udk xkwaf qmifjyí ,if;udpw ö \
Ykd jzpf&mXme rsm;udv k nf; ñTejf ycJyh g/
2/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;wdkYwGif tb,fpdwfudk raem'Gg&ac:qdkygonf;/ azmfjyí 'Gg&tm;vHk;üjzpfaom
pdwEf iS hf 'Gg&tm;vH;k rS vGwaf ompdww f uYkd v
kd nf; uGjJ ym;atmif ajzqdck yhJ g/
3/ "r®m&r®P[lonf tb,fw&m;rsm;udk ac:qdyk goenf;? ,if;o½kyu f kd xkwjf yí? tm½Hw
k ikd ;f tm½Hk
jyKEikd af om pdwwf u
Ykd vkd nf; rSeu f efatmif ajzqdck yhJ g/
1994 ckESpf
1/ ]]cvkwx f rd S trdw}}[k ajymqdak vh&MdS u&m cvkwx f pd Of emusirf aI 0'emESiw hf uGjzpfaom pdwu f kd
ñTejf yí [dwf (2)yg;ESi, hf OS af om pdww f u Ykd v
kd nf; ,SO&f m[dwEf iS hf ,SOw f aJG zmfjyyg/
2/ vlrmS vlu Y pd &ö o
dS uJo
h Ykd pdwrf mS vnf; vkyif ef;udp&ö &dS m? vkyif ef;udpt ö rsm;qH;k aompdww f u
Ykd kd qdik &f m
udpEö iS w
hf uG azmfjyí 'Gg& (5)yg;üjzpfaom pdww f uYkd v kd nf; ñTejf yyg/
3/ umr*kPt f m½Hrk sm;üom arGUavsmaf ysmyf u kd af om pdwo f ½kyu
f kd azmfxwk Nf y;D vQif ½lybHük &&SEd ikd af om
0w¬Ko½kyEf iS hf 0dnmP"mwfwu Ykd v
kd nf; tusO;f csKyw f ifjyyg/
1995 ckESpf
1/ ]]odyb f 0ifrusb;l }}[laom vlo;kH rsm;vSonfph um;ü ]]b0if}}t&udk azmfjyí pu©K'gG &jzpfaom
pdww f uYkd v
kd nf; a&wGujf yyg/
2/ ½kyjf rifoMH um; Munf½h aI epOfcPü t½kyu f kd jrif&aomtcgç toHuMkd um;&aomtcgwd0Yk ,f jzpfaom
pdwrf sm;udk azmfjyí? ÓP0dy, Ü w
k pf wd af v;yg;wk\ dY tm½Hrk sm;udvk nf; ñTejf yyg/
3/ ]]oGm;vJ'pD w d ?f pm;vJ'pD w
d }f }[k qd&k mü pdw[ f al om 0dnmPfonf rnfonft h &mü wnf&o
dS nfukd
rSeu f efpmG ñTejf yí? yom'0w¬K½yk if g;yg;udk rSaD ompdwo f ½kyu f v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
1996 ckESpf (yxrqifhar;cGef;rsm;)

1/ &yf&mG zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;twGuf vrf;azmufww H m;aqmuf&mü wpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ rwdu k w f eG ;f &
bJ aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f todÓPf,OS u f m yg0ifaqmif&u G af eol\ oEÅmefü jzpfEikd af ompdwu f kd azmfjy
í? ]]wrvGeb f 0qdw k m&Srd S &Syd gavp}}[k ,Hrk mS ;awG;awmaeolü jzpfaompdwu f v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
G H
a
EF
2/ vSyaom yef;wpfyiG u hf kd jrifawGU&mcPü jzpfaompdwu f akd zmfjyí? umrm0p&aombepdwf (24)

yg;wdw Yk iG f taMumif;ç tusK;d rS vGwaf ompdwu f kd a0'emab'? ÓPab'? ocFg& ab'tm;jzifh
cGjJ cm;jyyg/
3/ pdwt f usO;f (89)yg;wdw Yk iG f ]]avmurS xGuaf jrmufaompdw}f }[lonf rnfonfph w d f jzpfygoenf;?
wpfcck si;f a&wGujf yí? ,if;pdwu f kd taMumif;ç tusK;d tm;jzifh rrSm;atmif cGjJ cm;jyyg/
4/ ]]ae&mwdik ;f rSm olrY suEf mS }}[k ajym&avmufatmif pdww f idk ;f pdww f ikd ;f ESihf ,SOw f í JG jzpfEikd af om
apwoduw f wYdk iG f aemufq;kH oH;k ck\ y&rw¬obm0wku Yd kd ajzqdí k ? ]]pOf;pm;Ny;D rS qH;k jzwfyg}} [laom
pum;ü yg0ifaom apwodufwkdY\ trnfemrwdkYudkvnf; azmfjyyg/
5/ q,foed ;f xDaygufow l pfa,muftm; ]]Muufuef; qeft;kd wd;k wmyguGm}}[k remvdak ompdwx f m;
jzifh ajymqdo k \ l oEÅmefüjzpfaom apwoduw f u Ykd kd wduspmG azmfjyí? ,if;apwoduEf iS hf ,SOw f í JG
jzpfEikd af om pdww f uYkd v kd nf; a&wGujf yyg/
6/ ]]pdwrf eS o f rQ BupH nfrEI iS hf ruif;Mu}}[k ajymqdak eMuaom tbd"r®mtodrjhJ im; tcsKUd aomolrsm;\
pum;udk acsyaomtm;jzifh BupH nfrEI iS u hf if;í jzpfEikd af ompdww f u Ykd kd azmfjyNy;D vQi?f rwifw h ,f
aompdwjf zpfaomfvnf; edAmÁ efukd tm½Hjk yKEikd af ompdwu f kd ajzqdyk g/
7/ ½kyfjrifoHMum; N*dK[fwkowif;ü iwfrGwfacgif;yg;'ku©onfrsm;udk awGUjrif&í jzpfaom oem;
MuifemrIonf ukov kd &f ç r& &Si;f jyí ud, k yf ikd vf v YkH r&Sad ompdww f u Ykd v kd nf; xkwaf zmfa&;om;jyyg/
8/ tvkyu f pd t ö rsm;qH;k wm0ef,al qmif&u G af eaom pdww f u Ydk kd wpfcck si;f azmfjyí pmajzolwYkd ydik q f idk f
xm;aom cE¨mtdr0f ,f wnf&o dS nfh wHcg;ajcmufaygufü tpOfxm0& 0ifxu G of mG ;vmEdik af om
pdww f u Ykd vkd nf; a&wGuaf zmfjyyg/
9/ þar;cGef;vTmudk Munfh½IaepOfcP0,f jzpfay:vmaom 0dnmP"mwfudk rSD&m0w¬KESifh ,SOfwGJ
azmfjyNy;D vQif ESv;kH om; ([',0w¬K)udk vH;k 0rrScD akd om pdww f uYkd v kd nf; jynfph pkH mG a&;om;yg/
10/ ]]tm½Hk odyfrsm;aew,f}} [laom vloHk;rsm;vSonfh pum;ü tm½HkwdkY\ o½kyfudk xkwfjyí
aomreóoEÅ&D Ppdw\ f aqmif&u G of nfu h pd ?ö arGUavsm&f mtm½Hw k u Ykd v
kd nf; wduspmG ajzqdyk g/
1996 ckESpf
1/ tvkyu f pd t ö rsm;qH;k wm0ef,al qmif&u G af eaom pdww f u
Ykd kd wpfcck si;f azmfjyí? pmajzolwYkd ydik q f ikd f
xm;aom cE¨mtdr0f ,fwnf&o dS nfh wHcg;ajcmufaygufü tpOfxm0& 0ifxu G o f mG ;vmEdik af om
pdww
f u Ykd v
kd nf; a&wGuaf zmfjyyg/
2/ þar;cGef;vTmudk Munfh½IaepOfcP0,f jzpfay:vmaom 0dnmP"mwfudk rSD&m0w¬KESifh ,SOfwGJ
azmfjyNy;D vQif ESv;kH om; ([',0w¬K)udk vH;k 0rrScD akd om pdww f u
Ykd v
kd nf; jynfph pkH mG a&;om;yg/
3/ ]]tm½HkawG odyfrsm;aew,f}} [laom vloHk;rsm;vSonfhpum;ü tm½HkwdkY\ o½kyfudk xkwfjyí?
aomreóoEÅ&D Ppdw\ f aqmif&u G of nfuh pd ?ö arGUavsm&f mtm½Hw k uYkd v
kd nf; wduspmG ajzqdyk g/
G H
170
a
EF
1997 ckESpf
1/ a0'emwdo Yk nf tm&r®PmEkb0eenf;tm;jzifh oH;k yg;jym;&m ,if;enf;jzifh pdwt f us,f (121)yg;
udk a0zefjyí? [dwfoHk;yg;ESifh ,SOfaom pdwfwdkYudkvnf; ,SOf&m[dwfESifhwuG azmfjyyg/
2/ pdww f \dYk vkyif ef;udprö sm; rsm;pGm&S&d mwGif ESpuf pd uö o
kd m aqmif&u G af ompdww f udYk kd qdik &f mudpEö iS hf
wGpJ yfazmfjyí 'Gg&ajcmufyg;ü &Hcgjzpfí &Hcgrjzpfaompdwrf sm;udv k nf; ñTejf yyg/
3/ taumif;tqd;k tm½Hrk sK;d pHu k kd awGUra&SmifbJ tm½Hjk yKEikd af ompdwrf sm;udk xkwaf zmfjyí? ]]raem"mwf}}
trnfwyf&aom pdww f u Ykd v
kd nf; rS&D m0w¬KEiS w
hf uG azmfjyyg/
1998 ckESpf
1/ a0'emtjym;udk £È, d´ ab'enf;tm;jzifh azmfjyí (u) pdwt f us,f 121 yg;wkw dY iG f aomreó
o[*kwpf w d u f kd blrad b'enf;tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;a&wGujf yNy;D vQif (c) 'G[ d w d pf w
d rf sm;udv k nf; ,SO&f m
[dwEf iS hf wGpJ yfazmfjyyg/
2/ udpö (14)yg;&Sdygvsuf udpöjzpf&mXmerSm tb,hfaMumifh (10)yg;om jzpf&ygoenf;? ajzqdkí
tvkyu f pd tö enf;qH;k jzpfaom pdwrf sm;udv k nf; qdik &f mudpEö iS hf toD;oD;wGJ pyfazmfjyyg/
3/ avmuü &So d rQOóHk tvH;k pHak om tm½Hw k wYkd iG f tus,0f ef;qH;k jzpfaom tm½Hu k kd o½kyEf iS w
hf uG
azmfjyí ,if;tm½Hu k kd ,lEikd af ompdwrf sm;udk jzpf&m'Gg&ç rS&D m0w¬KwEYkd iS hf wGpJ yfajzqdyk g/
1999 ckESpf
1/ pdwf\ aqmif&GufzG,fudpö (14)yg;&Sd&m0,f udpötrsm;udk raqmif&GufbJ wpfudpöxJudkom
aqmif&GufonfhpdwfwdkYudk a&wGufjyí? [dwfajcmufyg;wkYdwGif tukodkvf[dwf oHk;yg;udkvnf;
azmfjyyg/
2/ pmajzolrsm; ydkifqdkifxm;onfh 'Gg&ajcmufyg;ü vHk;00ifxGufoGm;vmcGifhr&aom pdwfwdkYudk
a&;om;í [odwyk gÜ 'fpw d \
f aqmif&uG of nfuh pd çö aysmaf rGUonft h m½Hw
k uYkd vkd nf; ajzqdyk g/
3/ ½kyjf rifoMH um;udk Munf½h aI epOfcPü jzpfay:aeaom jrifopd w d ?f Mum;odpwd w f \ Ykd rD&S m0w¬Kwu
Ykd kd
azmfjyí 0w¬K½yk af jcmufyg;udv k nf; umrbH?k ½lybH?k t½lybHt k m;jzifh a0zefjyyg/
G H
a
EF
2000 jynfhESpf
1/ "r®uxduq&mawmfrsm; w&m;a[mMum;jcif;onf ]]or®m0gpm}}jzpf^rjzpf or®m0gpm\ vu©Pm
udk ½Ium pdppfq;kH jzwfí a0'emwdo Yk nf £È, d́ ab'enf;t& ig;rsK;d uGjJ ym;&m ,if;ig;rsK;d wd\ Yk
trnfwu Ykd v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
2/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;udk ]]0ka|m}}[kac:qkdEdkifonfhtcgukd ajzqdkí? pu©K'Gg&üjzpfaompdwf (46)yg;
udvk nf; rrSm;atmif a&wGuaf zmfjyyg/
3/ pmajzolrsm;ydik q f ikd x f m;aom cE¨mtdr0f ,f wnf&adS eaom 'Gg&ajcmufyg;ü tpOfxm0& 0ifxu G f
cGi&hf aom pdww f u dYk kd azmfjyí? tm½Hak jcmufyg;wkw dY iG f tus,0f ef;qH;k jzpfaom ]]"r®m½H}k }o½kyu
f v
kd nf;
xkwaf zmfwifjyyg/
4/ Ak'¨bmom0ifolawmfpifrsm;onf ]]edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyK&ygvdk\}}[k qkawmif;wwfMu&m
edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmuf ({ueftm½k)H jyKEikd o f nfph w
d u f kd wduspmG ajzqdí k ? tonowfMuOfaom ½ly
(15)bHük &Edik o f nfh 0w¬K½yk Ef iS hf 0dnmP"mwfwu Ykd v
kd nf; ajzqdyk g/
2001 ckESpf
1/ 'kp½du k vf yk if ef; vkyaf qmif&ef tajccH tjrpf&if;ozG,jf zpfaom tukov kd [f w
d wf u
Ydk kd ajzqdí
k
'G[
d w d pf wd f (22)yg;udv k nf; a&wGujf yyg/
2/ vlYcE¨mtdrf&Sd wHcg;ajcmufaygufudk tpOfwus a&wGufjyí ,if;wHcg;ajcmufayguf0,f vHk;0
0ifxu G cf iG rhf &aompdwu f v
kd nf; azmfjyyg/
3/ ½kyjf rifoMH um;udk Munf½h I em;axmifaepOfcPü jzpfay:aeaom 0dnmP"mwfEpS yf g;udk rS&D m0w¬K
ESiw hf uG wGpJ yfazmfjyí [',0w¬K½yk u f kd tNrrJ aDS om pdwrf sm;udv
k nf; azmfjyyg/
L L L L L L
G H
172
a
EF
1/ yudP;f ydik ;f Miscellaneous Section

2/ a0'emo*F[ Summary of Feeling
3/ a[wko*F[ Summary of Roots
4/ udpo
ö *F[ Summary of Functions
5/ 'Gg&o*F[ Summary of Doors
6/ tm&r®Po*F[ Summary of Objects
7/ 0w¬Ko*F[ Summary of Bases
8/ tm&r®PmEkb0eenf; Classification according to sense objects
9/ £È,
´d ab'enf; Classification according to Faculty
10/ okca0'em Physical happiness
11/ 'kua© 0'em Physical pain
12/ aomreóa0'em Mental pleasure
13/ a'greóa0'em Mental displeasure
14/ Oayu©ma0'em Neutral Feeling
15/ [dwf Root
16/ tukodkvf [dwf (3) yg; The 3 - immoral roots
17/ avmb[dwf The Root of Attachment
18/ a'go[dwf The Root of Hatred
19/ arm[[dwf The Root of Ignorance
20/ ukodkvf[dwf (3) yg; The 3 - moral roots
21/ tavmb[dwf The Root of Non - attachment
22/ ta'go[dwf The Root of Good will
23/ tarm[dwf The Root of Wisdom
24/ {u[dwpf w
d f (2) yg; The 2 - consciousness associated with one root
25/ 'd[
G w
d pf w
d f (22) yg; The 22 - consciousness associated with two roots
26/ wd[w
d pf w
d f (47) yg; The 47 - consciousness associated with three roots
G H
a
EF
27/ y#doaEüpd ö Re - linking

28/ b0ifupd ö Life - continuum
29/ tm0ZÆe;f udpö Apprehending
30/ 'óeudpö Seeing
31/ o0eudpö Hearing
32/ Cm,eudpö Smelling
33/ om,eudpö Tasting
34/ zkoeudpö Contacting
35/ orÜ#d pKdä i;f udpö Receiving
36/ oEÅ&D Pudpö Investigating
37/ 0ka|mudpö Determining
38/ aZmudpö Javana
39/ w'g½Hu
k pd ö Retention
40/ pkwu
d pd ö Decease
41/ pu©K'gG & Eye - door
42/ aomw'Gg& Ear - door
43/ Cme'Gg& Nose - door
44/ Zd0gS 'Gg& Tongue - door
45/ um,'Gg& Body - door
46/ raem'Gg& Mind - door
47/ 'Gg&0drw
k pf w
d f (19) yg; The door - freed consciousness - 19
48/ pu©K'gG &dupdwf (46) yg; 46 - types of consciousness arise accordingly in the
eye - door
49/ yÍö'gG &m0ZÆe;f pdwf Five - door apprehending
50/ pu©K0n
d mPfa'G Eye - consciousness
51/ umraZm Sense - sphere javana
52/ aomw'Gg&dupdwf (46) yg; 46 - types of consciousness arise accordingly in the
ear - door
53/ raem'Gg&m0ZÆe;f Mind - door apprehending
G H
174
a
EF
54/ tyÜemaZm (26) yg; The 26 Sublime and Supramundana javana

55/ ½lyg½Hk Visible object
56/ 0PÖ Colour
57/ o'´g½Hk Audible object
58/ o'´ Sound
59/ *E¨m½Hk Odorous object
60/ *E¨ Smell
61/ &om½Hk Sapid object
62/ &o Taste
63/ azm|AÁm½Hk Tangible object
64/ "r®m½Hk Cognizable object
65/ yom'½kyf (5) yg; 5 - Sensitive (part of organs)
66/ okcrk ½kyf (16) yg; 16 - subtle matter
67/ pdwf (89) yg; 89 - Consciousness
68/ apwoduf (52) yg; 52 - Mental states
69/ edAmÁ ef Nibbana
70/ ynwf Concepts
H H H H H H H
G H
a
EF
O tmp&d,*g&0
LLL
P
tbd"r®ma'oemonf eufeJvSygojzifh
þpmtkyfonf rdrdudk,fydkifÓPfjzifhjyKpkjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifyg/
vufOD;q&mjzpfaom
aus;Zl;&Sifq&mBuD;qkxl;yefq&m[ef (r[mo'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)
Q R
\ aus;Zl;tm; OD;ñTwfvsuf rDSjirf;jcif;om jzpfygonf/
rSDjirf;udk;um;aompmtkyfrsm;
awmifNrKd U r[m*E¨m½Hq
k &mawmfBu;D t&SiZf eumbd0o
H \tajcjyKoN*KØ [/f
omoema&;OD;pD;XmerS oN*KØ [o f if½;kd /
qkx;l yeftbd"r®moifwef;pmtky/f
arwåm&yfccH suf
pmvHk;aygif;owfyHk tenf;i,f cRwfacsmfjcif;&Sdyguvnf;aumif;? pm<uif;
rsm;&Sdyguvnf;aumif; jyifqifzwf½Iyg&ef arwåm&yfcHtyfygonf/ tBuHÓPf
rsm;vnf; ay;ydEYk idk yf gonf/

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Abhidhamma 1

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pdwyf ikd ;f aoHo&mvrf;ñTetf bd"r®moifwef;

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

apwoduf vu©Pm ( 4 )yg; 79

4/ pdwEf iS hf apwoduf ,SOef nf; 91

7/ 0daoou apwoduf ( 10 )yg; 101

8/ ed,w? ted,wa,m*D 102

emem*wmpd? o[*wmpd 103

trsm;qH;k ? tNrJwrf;? wpfNyKd ief uf ,SOef nf; 104

9/ apwoduyf ikd ;f ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm; 107

10/ jrefrm - t*Fvyd af 0g[m&rsm; 118

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

7/ yudP;f ydik ;f ar;cGe;f rsm; 162

8/ jrefrm - t*Fvyd af 0g[m&rsm; 172

tbd"r®moifwef;odw Yk ufa&mufyal Zmf&jcif;aMumifh -

,cifrod&Sd&ao;aom w&m;"r®\ oabmtrSefw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfod&SdcGihf&í tvGef

uRefawmfhtaejzifht&ifuodxm;NyD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; þtbd"r®moifwef;

tbd"r®mw&m;udk oif,l&jcif;onf tukodkvfpdwfrsm;avsmhapí ukodkvfpdwfrsm; yGm;rsm;

þb0rSmyif jrwfbk&m;&Sif\ udk,fwkdifusifhBuHawmfrlNyD;&cJhonfh usifhpOfrsm;udk em,lí

oocFg&duESifh trsm;qHk;oifwef;udkvma&mufcJhonfrSm trSefjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf w&m;

]earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morºK'ó

tbd"r®wo¬ *F[ - tbd"r®m oN*KØ [u f sr;f

or®morºK'H¨ = ocFw + tocFw tm;jzifh jym;aomcyford ;f aom w&m;wdu Yk kd razmufrjyef

þtbd"r®wo¬ *F[ (tbd"r®mtESpcf sKy)f usr;f udk ra&;om;rD tEÅ&m,frsm;rusa&mufap&ef?

(3) yuwdom0u / / *kPx

tbd"r®monf &wemC&a&Ttrd rf S pwifjcif;

tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd oAÁnKwÓPf &&SdrSoma[mMum;Ekdifí bkef;awmf 6-yg;ocif

bk&m;jzpfawmfrlNyD; 7-0gajrmufwGif wm0wðom ewfjynfokdY0guyfawmfrlí bk&m;&Sifwdkif;

wm0wðomewfjynfü a[mMum;cJjh cif;\ &nf&,

bk&m;&Sifonf wm0wðomewfjynfü tbd"r®mw&m;awmfukd a[mMum;&mü >cif;csefxm;cJh

tbd"r®mw&m;awmf pwifysH U EYHS &mumv

bk&m;jzpfawmfrNl y;D 7-0gajrmufumvrSpí bk&m;&Sif oufawmfxif&mS ;&Spd Of 38-ESpt

(1) yxro*Fg,em ( tdE, d´ Ekid if ?H &mZN*Kd vNf rKd U )

tbd"r®moif,&l jcif;\ &nf&G,cf surf mS - b0wd;k wufa&;ESifh b0vGwaf jrmufa&; twGuf

tbd"r®moif,&l jcif;\tusK;d w&m;

(1) cufcJ? eufeJaom y&rw¬w&m;rsm;ukd odcGifh &jcif;?

tbd"r®moif½;kd oN*KØ [f (9) ydik ;f

t&Sit f Ek½'k g¨ q&mawmfonf omoemESpf (1500) cefw

awmfrlcJhonf/ xdkusrf;udk oD[dkuRef; rlvaomr ausmif;wdkufü oDwif;oHk;aepOf a&;om;cJhjcif;

9/ ur®|mef;ydkif; = emrfç ½kyw

jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;awmfral om w&m;awmfrsm;

bk&m;&Sifoufawmfxif&Sm; &SdpOf bk&m;&Sif y&dedAÁmefjyK NyD;

0de, = (1) 0denf;yd#u

tbd = omvGeaf om? xl;qef;aom

y&rw¬w&m; (4) yg;

t½ly jA[®m (4)bHk

ewfjynf (6) xyf

i&J (8) xyf

<<<<<< < ewfjynf (6) xyf

i&J (8) xyf

umrm0p&pdwf (54) yg;

t½l y jA[® m (4)bH k

t½lyg0p&pdwf (12) yg;

pdwf (usOf; 89^us,f 121) yg; ukd bHktm;jzihfcGJjcm;jyjcif;

1/ umrm0p&pdwf 54 - yg; = umr 11-bHük trsm;tm;jzihf ouf0ifí jzpfaompdw/f

aomreó o[*kwf 'd|d*worÜ,kwf tocFg&du

aomreó o[*kwf 'd|d*w0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&du

.O Oayu©m o[*kwf O'¨pöorÜ,kwf

4/ ( ) = 'd|*d w0dy, Ü w k f = tjypf&rdS eS ;f odvsuf

tukodkvfpdwfwGif yg0ifí rwifhw,faom avmbrlpdwf (8)yg;udk avmbrlpdwf jzpfwdkif;

'Gg& (6)yg;ü xifvmaom tm½Hrk sm;udk ESpo

6/ jrifawGU ? Mum;? odç awGUxdrI ponfwkdYudk jyefvnfawG;awm BuHpnfjcif; "r®m½Hkudk ESpfouf

avmbrlpdwfaMumihfjzpfaom'kp½dkuf (7) yg;

a'gorlpdwfaMumihfjzpfaom 'kp½dkuf (7) yg;

ememwmpd? o[wmpd 103

tbd"r®wo¬ F[ - tbd"r®m oNKØ [u f sr;f

(1) yxroFg,em ( tdE, d´ Ekid if ?H &mZNKd vNf rKd U )

aomreó o[kwf 'd|dworÜ,kwf tocFg&du

aomreó o[kwf 'd|dw0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&du