HOMEOSTASIS

Short-answer questions
Homeostasis and feedback mechanisms
1. Write a note on the liver as a homeostatic organ.
2. Differentiate between positive and negative feedback
Excretion and osmoregulation
3. Define deamination. Draw a graphical representation of the ornithine cycle.
4. Why do marine protozoans not have a contractile vacuole?
5. Explain the role of hormones in the functioning of the kidney.
6. Write a note on each of the following:
a. Lithotripsy
b. Haemodialysis
7. How is peritoneal dialysis different from haemodialysis?
8. How does osmoregulation take place in each of the following types of organisms?
a. Unicellular freshwater organisms (e.g. Amoeba)
b. Marine cartilaginous fish
c. Marine bony fish
d. Freshwater fish
9. What are the two types of nephrons in the kidneys of mammals?
10. Describe the osmoregulatory adaptations of terrestrial animals.
11. How are metanephridia different from protonephridia?

(LONG-ANSWER)

12. Define excretion. Describe how excretion takes place in each of the following animals.
a. Planaria
b. Earthworm
c. Cockroach
13. Describe the structure and regulatory function of the nephron.

Thermoregulation
14. Differentiate between ectothermic and endothermic organisms.
15. Explain the role of the brain in the regulation of body temperature.
(LONG-ANSWER)
16. Describe how thermoregulation takes place in mammals.
 HOMEOSTASIS IN PLANTS
Short-answer questions
1. How do plants respond to drought stress?
2. Write a note on excretion in plants.
OR
Why is excretion not a problem for plants?
3. How are xerophytes adapted to conserve water and survive during periods of drought?
4. How do plants respond to cold stress?
5. How are hydrophytes different from xerophytes?
6. Why do plant cells not burst even when placed in a hypotonic solution?
7. Why do hydrophytes not have a cuticle on their stems or leaves?
Long-answer question
Define osmoregulation. Classify the various types of plants based on how osmoregulation takes
place in them.