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CE 370-Lecture-7 (Flexural Behavior of RC Beams - Ultimate Stage)
CE 370-Lecture-7 (Flexural Behavior of RC Beams - Ultimate Stage)
CE 370
Reinforced Concrete Design-I
Lecture #7
Flexural Behavior of RC Beams: Ultimate Stage
Moment
c f c'
x c Failure
Rebars yield
N.A.
M yield
d
As M service Service or working
fy
s y load range
M cr
b
Concrete cracks
(a) Beam (b) Strain (c) Actual in tension
section variation Stress variation
Curvature ,
CE 370 : Reinforced Concrete Design -I September 3, 2019
Definitions of Effective depth and distance to
extreme layer of tension reinforcement
5
b
s y (assumed)
(a) Beam (b) Strain (c) Stress distribution and internal
section distribution forces
As f y f y d As
For equilibrium, Cc T 0.85 f c' ab As f y a
bd
tensile steel ratio.
0.85 f c' b 0.85 f c'
The reinforcing steel is
a a limited to an amount
Nominal strength : M n T d M n As f y d that it will yield well
2 2 before the concrete
a reaches its ultimate
Design strength : M n As f y d strength
2
CE 370 : Reinforced Concrete Design -I September 3, 2019
Problem-1
10
Determine the values of a, c, and ε s for the beam shown in the Figure.
Take f y 420 MPa and f c' 20 MPa.
0.003
c
525
d c
3 − ϕ28
𝜀𝑠
350
3 282 420
As f y 4
a 130.3 mm
'
0.85 f c b 0.85 20 350
1 0.85 for 20 MPa concrete
a 130.3
a 1c c 153.3 mm
1 0.85
s 0.003
Yield strain for 420 Grade steel :
d c c fy 420 MPa
This value of strain is much greater than the yield strain of 0.002. This is an indication
of ductile behavior of the beam, because the steel is well into its yield plateau before
concrete crushes.
CE 370 : Reinforced Concrete Design -I September 3, 2019
Definition of Balanced Conditions
12
In Balanced condition, at the ultimate load, the concrete and steel
simultaneously reach to their ultimate (0.003) and yield strains ( y f y /Es ) respectively.
0.85 f c'
0.003
C T 0.85 f c' ab As f y
As f y f y d As
a where ;
0.85 f c' b 0.85 f c' bd
a f y d
a c1 c f y d
1 0.851 f c'
0.003d
0.851 f c' fy
0.003
Es
c d c c 0.003
b f y
d 0.003 y
0.003
0.003 y ( Es 2 105 MPa)
0.851 f c'
fy
0.003d 0.003
c 200000
f
0.003 y b f y 600
Es 0.851 f c 600 f y
'
As
tensile steel ratio.
bd
Tension-controlled section—a
cross section in which the net tensile
strain in the extreme tension steel at
nominal strength is greater than or
equal to 0.005.
Compression-controlled section—
cross section in which the net tensile
strain in the extreme tension
reinforcement at nominal strength is
less than or equal to the
compression-controlled strain limit.
Compression-controlled strain
limit—net tensile strain at balanced
strain conditions.
A compression-controlled
section has a tension
reinforcement area such that
when the beam reaches its
nominal flexural strength (i.e.
ultimate load), the net tensile
strain in the extreme layer of c d c c 0.003
t
tensile steel, εt, is less than or 0.003 t d t 0.003 t
equal to the yield strain εy. For t y 0.002
For such sections concrete c
0.003
0.003 3
crushes before steel yields. d t 0.003 0.002 0.005 5
cCCL d t 0.60d t
3
Deflections are small and there 5
is little warning of failure.
A transition-zone section b
cu 0.003
has a tension reinforcement
area such that when the c
beam reaches its nominal
d dt
flexural strength (i.e.
As
ultimate load), the net s
tensile strain in the extreme
y t 0.005
layer of tensile steel, εt, is
between εy and 0.005. (a ) Beam section (b) Strain distribution
cTCL d t 0.375d t
3
8
b
cu 0.003
c c
0.375 : Ductile
dt d dt
c As
0.375 : Brittle s
dt
t
(a ) Beam section (b) Strain distribution