Chem 3A - Burdge Name:

Due Date:

Section Number or Lab Day/Time:

Worksheet - Chapter 12 - Acids and Bases

Page: 2 3 4 5 Total
Points: 26 27 21 26 100
Score:

Introduction
There are a few different definitions of acids and bases, but the varying definitions have significant overlap.
Regardless of definition, acidic solutions will always have a high concentration of H3 O+ , hydronium ions,
sometimes written as bare protons, H+ . Bases will always have a high concentration of OH – , hydroxide ions.
The concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions are related by the equilibrium ion product constant for
water, Kw . Since the concentrations of ions are often rather small numbers, they are often written in scientific
notation. For easier comparison of numbers, the pH or pOH scales are used. Acidic solutions will have a low
pH (high pOH), whereas basic solutions will have a high pH (low pOH).

+ –
Molarity of H3 O+ Kw =[H3 O ][OH ] Molarity of OH
–
+ –
[H3 O ] [OH ]

pH = − log([H3 O+ ]) pOH = − log([OH – ])

or or
[H3 O+ ] = 10−pH [OH− ] = 10−pOH

pH + pOH = 14
pH pOH

Reading
Acids, Bases, pOH, pH
(Burdge - Introductory Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach - Chapter 12)

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Exercises
Read each question thoroughly. Be sure to include units on numerical answers, to the
correct number of significant figures, where appropriate.

1. (2 pts) Can a hydrogen ion, H+ , be called a proton? Explain your reasoning in terms of atomic structure.

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2. Select whether the compound meets the definition for a Arrhenius Acid, Arrhenius Base, Brønstead
Acid, or Brønstead Base. Select all that apply. If the compound does not meet any definition of acid or
base, select salt or molecular compound.
(a) (3 pts) HCl
Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Base Brønstead Acid Brønstead Base
Salt Molecular
(b) (3 pts) CH4
Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Base Brønstead Acid Brønstead Base
Salt Molecular
(c) (3 pts) MgCl2
Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Base Brønstead Acid Brønstead Base
Salt Molecular
(d) (3 pts) NH3
Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Base Brønstead Acid Brønstead Base
Salt Molecular
(e) (3 pts) CH3 COOH
Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Base Brønstead Acid Brønstead Base
Salt Molecular
(f) (3 pts) NaOH
Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Base Brønstead Acid Brønstead Base
Salt Molecular
3. Write the chemical formula for the conjugate base of each of the following:
(a) (2 pts) HBr

(a)
(b) (2 pts) H2 CO3

(b)
–
(c) (2 pts) H2 PO4

(c)

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4. Write the chemical formula for the conjugate acid of each of the following:
(a) (2 pts) HSO4 –

(a)
–
(b) (2 pts) CH3 COO

(b)
–
(c) (2 pts) OH

(c)

5. True or False: A strong acid is a concentrated acid. Justify your reasoning.

(a) (2 pts) A. True B. False

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6. (3 pts) What is the H3 O+ concentration in a 2.0 m HCl solution?

A. < 2.0 m B. 2.0 m C. 4.0 m D. > 4.0 m
7. (3 pts) What is the [OH – ] in 2.0 m Ca(OH)2 ?
A. < 2.0 m B. 2.0 m C. 4.0 m D. > 4.0 m
8. (3 pts) What is the [H3 O+ ] in 2.0 m HF?
A. < 2.0 m B. 2.0 m C. 4.0 m D. > 4.0 m
9. (a) (5 pts) What is the pH of blood with [H3 O+ ] = 4.8×10−8 m?

(a)
(b) (2 pts) Is this solution acidic, or basic?
A. Very acidic B. Slightly acidic C. Slightly basic D. Very basic

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10. (a) (5 pts) Calculate the pH of a solution with [OH – ] = 4.0×10−5 m.

(a)
(b) (2 pts) Is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
A. Acidic B. Neutral C. Basic

11. (a) (5 pts) Calculate the pOH of a solution that has a pH = 8.35.

(a)
(b) (2 pts) Is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
A. Acidic B. Neutral C. Basic

12. (a) (5 pts) What is the [H3 O+ ] of a solution with a pOH = 11.15?

(a)
(b) (2 pts) Is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
A. Acidic B. Neutral C. Basic

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13. (a) (3 pts) Write a balanced chemical equation for nitric acid neutralizing a sodium carbonate solution.

(b) (10 pts) What volume (in mL) of 0.250 m nitric acid is required to neutralize 4.8 mL of 0.150 m
sodium carbonate?

(b)
14. (a) (3 pts) Write a net ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hy-
droxide.

(b) (10 pts) What volume (in mL) of 0.128 m hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralize 2.87 g of mag-
nesium hydroxide?

(b)

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