Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of City of San Fernando

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS

I. OBJECTIVES (Layunin)
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of quadratic equations, inequalities and
functions, and rational algebraic equations.
B. Performance Standard
Is able to investigate thoroughly mathematical relationships in various situations, formulate real-life
problems involving quadratic equations, inequalities and functions, and rational algebraic equations
and solve them using a variety of strategies.
C. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
The learner
1. Solves problems involving quadratic equations and rational algebraic equations. (M9AL-Ie-1)
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. translate the problem into numbers or equation, and
2. solve problems involving quadratic equations and rational algebraic equations.

II.CONTENT(Nilalaman)
Quadratic Equation
III.LEARNING RESOURCES(KagamitangPanturo)
A. Reference
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials pages P. 88 - 91
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional materials from Learning Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning Resources

IV.PROCEDURE (Pamamaraan)

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson ( Balik-aral sa nakaraang aralin at/o pagsisimula ng
bagong aralin)

Hi! How are you?

I think you did a good job last module.
Before we start the new lesson let’s review the sum and the product of roots of a quadratic equation.

Sum and Product of Roots of a Quadratic Equation

−b
i. The sum of the roots of a x 2+ bx+ c=0 is
a
c
ii. The product of the roots of a x 2+ bx+ c=0 is
a
Example 1. Given : x 2+ 2 x−8=0
Steps Instruction
2
x + 2 x−8=0 Since the given quadratic equation is in standard form, we
can find the value of a, b, and c.
a = 1 , b = 2 and c = -8
−b −2 −b
= =−2 Now using the formula of the sum of the roots which is ,
a 1 a
we substitute the value of a and b
c −8 c
= =−8 Now using the formula of the product of the roots which is
a 1 a
, we substitute the value of a and c

Therefore the sum of the roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 is -2 and the product of the roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 is -8
Using this information, we can find the roots of the given quadratic equation.
Think about two numbers that has sum of -2 and a product of -8.

Do you have your answer?

1
If your answer is -4 and 2 , then you are correct!
The roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 are -4 and 2.
Checking: (−4 ) +2=−2
 Example 2. Given : 2 x2 +7 x−4=0

Steps Instruction
2
2 x +7 x−4=0 Since the given quadratic equation is in standard form,
a = 2 , b = 7 and c = -4 we can find the value of a, b, and c.
−b −7 −7 Now using the formula of the sum of the roots which is
= =
a 2 2 −b
, we substitute the value of a and b
a
c −4 Now using the formula of the product of the roots which
= =−2
a 2 c
is , we substitute the value of a and c
a

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson (Paghahabi sa layunin ng aralin)

−7
Therefore the sum of the roots of 2 x2 +7 x−4=0 is and the product of the roots of 2 x2 +7 x−4=0 is −2
2
Using this information, we can find the roots of the given quadratic equation.
−7
Think about two numbers that has sum of and a product of – 2
2

Do you have your answer?

−1
If your answer is and 4 , then you are correct!
2
−1
The roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 are ∧4
2

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson (Pag-uugnay ng mga halimbawa sa bagong aralin)
Translate word Problem into equation
Most of the time when some says “word problem” students panic. But word problem do not have to be the worst
part of a math class. By setting up a system and following it, you can be successful with word problems. So what
should you do? Here are some recommended steps:

1. Read the problem carefully and figure out what it is asking you to find.
Usually, but not always, you can find this information at the end of the problem.
2. Assign a variable to the quantity you are trying to find.
Most people choose to use x, but feel free to use any variable you like. For example, if you are being asked to find a number,
some students like to use the variable n. It is your choice.
3. Write down what the variable represents.
At the time you decide what the variable will represent, you may think there is no need to write that down in words. However, by
the time you read the problem several more times and solve the equation, it is easy to forget where you started.

2
 4. Re-read the problem and write an equation for the quantities given in the problem.
This is where most students feel they have the most trouble. The only way to truly master this step is through lots of practice. Be
prepared to do a lot of problems.
5. Solve the equation.
The examples done in this lesson will be linear equations. Solutions will be shown, but may not be as detailed as you would like.
If you need to see additional examples of linear equations worked out completely, click here. (link to linear equations
solving.doc)
6. Answer the question in the problem.
Just because you found an answer to your equation does not necessarily mean you are finished with the problem. Many times
you will need to take the answer you get from the equation and use it in some other way to answer the question originally given
in the problem.
7. Check your solution.

Let’s practice.
Example 1: When 6 is added to four times a number,
the result is 50. Find the number.
Step 1: What are we trying to find? equation
A number. 4 n 44 Then divide both side
= by 4
Step 2: Assign a variable for the number. 4 4
Let’s call it n. n = 11
Step 3: Write down what the variable represents.
Let n = a number Step 6: Answer the question in the problem
Step 4: Write an equation. The problem asks us to find a number. We decided
We are told 6 is added to 4 times a number. Since n that n would be the number, so we have n = 11. The
represents the number, four times the number would number we are looking for is 11.
be 4n. If 6 is added to that, we get 6 + 4n. We know Step 7: Check the answer.
that answer is 50, so now we have an equation 6 + The answer makes sense and checks in
4n = 50 our equation from Step 4.
6 + 4(11) = 50
Step 5: Solve the equation.
6 + 44 = 50
6 + 4n = 50 To find the value of n
50 = 50
6 + (-6) + 4n = 50 + (-6) Add -6 both side of the

Let’s have another example

Example 2: In a given amount of time, Jamie drove twice as far as Rhonda. Altogether they drove 90 miles.
Find the number of miles driven by each.
Step 1: What are we trying to find? Together they drove a total of 90 miles. So we have
The number of miles driven by Jamie and by Rhonda. (Rhonda) + (Jamie) = 90, or R + 2R = 90
Step 2: Assign a variable. Step 5: Solve the equation.
Since we are looking for two numbers here, we need R + 2R = 90 To find the value of R
to choose which one we will assign a variable to. The 3R = 90 Add R + 2R
number of miles driven by either Jamie or Rhonda 3 R 90 Divide both side by 3
will work. We need to just =
3 3
choose one and move to R = 30
Step 3. Let’s assign
a variable to represent the Step 6: Answer the question in the problem
number of miles driving by The problem asks us to find out how far Rhonda and
Rhonda let’s call it R. Jamie drove. The solution to the equation tells us R =
Step 3: Write down what the variable represents. 30, which means Rhonda drove 30 miles. Now we
Let R = the number of miles driven by Rhonda have to find out how far
Step 4: Write an equation. Jamie drove. She drove
We know that Jamie drove twice as far a Rhonda. twice as far as Rhonda, 2R
Let’s think about this in terms of numbers before or 2(30) = 60.
jumping into an equation. If Rhonda drives 10 miles, Step 7: Check the answer.
then Jamie will drive twice as far which would be 20. The answer makes sense
So whatever amount Rhonda drives, Jamie’s amount and checks in our equation from Step 4.
will be two times that number. We have already R + 2R = 90 30
decided that the number of miles driven by Rhonda + 2(30)= 90
is R, so the number of miles driven by Jamie is 2R. 30 + 60 = 90
90 = 90
Will you try writing this into equation and find what is asked.
On an algebra test, the highest grade was 42 points higher than the lowest grade. The sum of the two grades was
138. Find the lowest grade.

3
You should get an equation of lowest grade 2l + 42 + = 138
The variable l = lowest grade
And the answer is 48.
If your answer is correct, you may answer the activity 2 before we proceed to the next part of the discussion.

If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to example number 1 and try all over again.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at paglalahad ng
bagong kasanayan #1
Translating Word Problem into Quadratic equation.
For the next discussion we are going to translate the given worded problem into quadratic equation.
Example 1: The area of a concrete rectangular pathway is 350m 2 and its perimeter pathway is 90m. What is the
length of the pathway?

Sentence Equation
The rectangular pathway has an area of 350m 2 and its perimeter Area = 350m2
is 90m. Perimeter = 90m
The product of the length and width of the rectangular pathway Area : l x w = 350 or lw = 350
represents its area.
Therefore, length (l) times the width (w) = 350
Also, twice the sum of the length and the width of the Perimeter: 2l + 2w = 90
rectangular pathway gives the perimeter.

If we divide both side of the perimeter by 2 2l 2 w 90

Perimeter: + =
2 2 2
l + w = 45
We can think of lw = 240 and l + w = 45 as the equation
representing the product and sum of the roots of a quadratic
equation.
−b b b
The formula for the sum of the roots is: l + w = 45 which means – =45 or = -45
a a a
In this example the sum of the roots represents
c c
The formula for the product of the roots is: lw = 350 which means =350
a a
In this example the product of the roots represents
To the problem into equation we can use the equation b c
x 2+ x+ =0
a a
Let’s substitute the sum and product of the roots. x 2+(−45)+350=0
x 2−45 x +350=0
Therefore the translation of the word problem into equation is x 2−45 x +350=0
The answer for is asked will be discussed in section E of the module.

Example 2: A rectangular lot has an area of 240 m 2 . What is the width of the lot if it requires 64 m of fencing
materials to enclose it?

Sentence Equation
A rectangular lot has an area of 240 m 2 . What is the width of the Area = 240m2
lot if it requires 64 m of fencing materials to enclose it? Perimeter = 64m
The product of the length and width of the rectangular lot Area : l x w = 240 or lw = 240
represents its area.
Therefore, length (l) times the width (w) = 240
Also, twice the sum of the length and the width of the Perimeter: 2l + 2w = 64
rectangular lot gives the perimeter.

If we divide both side of the perimeter by 2 2l 2 w 64

Perimeter: + =
2 2 2
l + w = 32
We can think of lw = 240 and l + w = 32 as the equation
representing the product and sum of the roots of a quadratic
equation.

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 −b b b
The formula for the sum of the roots is: l + w = 32 which means – =32 or = -32
a a a
In this example the sum of the roots represents

c c
The formula for the product of the roots is: lw = 240 which means =240
a a
In this example the product of the roots represents
To the problem into equation we can use the equation b c
x 2+ x+ =0
a a
Let’s substitute the sum and product of the roots. 2
x +(−32)+240=0
x 2−32 x+240=0
Therefore the translation of the word problem into equation is x 2−32 x+240=0 .
The answer for is asked will be discussed in section E of the module.

Will you try translating this word problem into equation?

A rectangular pool has an area of 450m2 and its perimeter is 86m.
You should get x 2−43 x +450=0
If your answer is correct, you may proceed to the next example.

If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to example number 1 and try all over again.

Example 3: The area of a garden is 160 m2. Suppose the length of the garden is 3m more than twice its width. What
is the length of the garden?
Sentence Equation
Let’s represent the width by w in meter of the garden. width = w
The length in the word problem is 4m more than twice its width Length = 2w + 4
or length = 2width + 4
Since the area of the garden is 160m2 (2w + 4)(w)= 160
Therefore if we multiply the length and the width we get 160m 2.
Let’s simplify the equation. 2w2 + 4w = 160
2
Therefore the translation of the word problem into equation is 2w + 4w = 160.
The answer for is asked will be discussed in section E of the module.

Will you try translating this word problem into equation?

The length of a rectangular floor is 5 m longer than its width. The area of the floor is 84 m 2.
You should get w2 + 5w = 84
If your answer is correct, you may answer activity 3.

If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to example number 3 and try all over again.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at paglalahad ng
bagong kasanayan #2
Solving Word Problem

For this discussion we are going to solve the word problem.

All the example we are going to solve are the example in section D.
Example 1: The area of a concrete rectangular pathway is 350m2 and its perimeter pathway is 90m. What is the
length of the pathway?

In section D we already translate this word problem into equation which is x 2−45 x +350=0
Now let’s solve to find what the length of the pathway is.
To find the length of the pathway we need to solve the quadratic equation x 2−45 x +350=0
Let’s use the method factoring.

Instruction Steps
2
In factoring this equation we need to find the numbers x −45 x +350=0
whose product is 350 and whose sum is - 45. Product: (-35) x (-10) = 350
By inspection the numbers are -35 and -10 Sum: (-35) + (- 10) = - 45

So the factors are (x – 35)(x – 10) = 0

Apply zero product x – 35 = 0 x – 10 = 0
Solve x in each equation x – 35 + 35 = 0 + 35 x – 10 + 10 = 0 + 10
x = 35 x = 10
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 Check using the equation x 2−45 x +350=0 352 – 45(35) + 350 = 0 102 – 45(10) + 350 = 0
1225 – 1575 + 350 = 0 100 – 450 + 350 = 0
- 350 + 350 = 0 -350 + 350 = 0
0=0 0=0
This implies that the width of the pathway is 10m and the length is 35m.
Remember that length is always longer than its width.
Answer: The length of the pathway is 35m.

Example 2: A rectangular lot has an area of 240 m 2. What is the width of the lot if it requires 64 m of fencing
materials to enclose it?

Again in section D we already translate this word problem into equation which is x 2−32 x+240=0
Now let’s solve to find what the width of a rectangular lot is.
To find the width of the rectangular lot we need to solve the quadratic equation x 2−32 x+240=0
Let’s use the method factoring.
Instruction Steps
2
In factoring this equation we need to find the numbers x −32 x+240=0
whose product is 240 and whose sum is - 32. Product: (-20) x (-12) = 240
By inspection the numbers are -20 and -12 Sum: (-20) + (- 12) = -32

So the factors are (x – 20)(x – 12) = 0

Apply zero product x – 20 = 0 x – 12 = 0
Solve x in each equation x – 20 + 20 = 0 + 20 x – 12 + 12 = 0 + 12
x = 20 x = 12
Check using the equation x 2−32 x+240=0 202 – 32(20) + 240 = 0 122 – 32(12) + 240 = 0
400 – 640 + 240 = 0 144 – 384 + 240 = 0
- 240 + 240 = 0 -240 + 240 = 0
0=0 0=0
This implies that the width of the pathway is 12m and the length is 20m.
Answer: The width of the rectangular lot is 12m.

A rectangular pool has an area of 450m2 and its perimeter is 86m. What is the length of the rectangular pool?
You already translate it into equation which is x 2−43 x +450=0
Your answer should be: The length of the rectangular pool is 25m.
If your answer is correct, you may proceed to the next example.

If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to example number 1 and try all over again.

Example 3: The area of a garden is 160 m2. Suppose the length of the garden is 4m more than twice its width. What
is the length of the garden?

In section D we already translate this word problem into equation which is 2w2 + 4w = 160.
Now let’s solve to find what the length of the garden is.
To find the length of the garden we need to solve the quadratic equation 2w2 + 4w = 160.
Let’s use the method factoring.
Instruction Steps
2
Simplify the given by dividing both by 2 2w 4 w 160
+ =
2 2 2
Write the equation into standard form
w2 + 2w = 80
To do that add -80 both side of the equation 2
w + 2w +(-80) = 80 + (-80)
w2 + 2w – 80 = 0
In factoring this equation we need to find the numbers
whose product is -80 and whose sum is 2 Product: (-8) x 10 = - 80
By inspection the numbers are -8 and 10 Sum: (-8) + 10 = 2

So the factors are (x – 8)(x +10) = 0

Apply zero product x–8=0 x + 10 = 0
Solve x in each equation x–8+8=0+8 x +10 + (-10) = 0 + (-10)
x=8 x = -10
Check using the equation 2w2 + 4w = 160. 2(8)2 + 4(8) = 160 2(-10)2 + 4(-10) = 160
2(64) + 32 = 160 2 (100) – 40 = 160
128 + 32 = 160 200 – 40 = 160
160 = 160 160 = 160
This implies that the width of the pathway is 8m and the length is 10m.

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Even though we have a negative answer because we are looking for a measurement negative answer is still considered
positive. It means when we are looking for measurement the answers are absolute.
Answer: The length of the garden is 10m.

Will you try translating this word problem into equation?

The length of a rectangular floor is 5 m longer than its width. The area of the floor is 84 m 2. What is the
measurement of its width?
You already translate it into equation which is w2 + 5w = 84
Your answer should be: the width of a rectangular floor is 7m.
If your answer is correct, you may answer activity 4.

If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to example number 3 and try all over again.

Activity 4: Solve the following word problem. Your answer should be in sentence. Please answer in separate sheet
of paper. 2pt. each.

If not, you have to go back to section E and try all over again.

F. Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

Translate and solve the following problems. Write only the equation and the final answer in sentence.
Please answer in separate sheet of paper. 2 pts. each answer.
1. A rectangular conference table has an area of 120 ft2. If the length of the table is 26ft longer than its width. What is the
length of the table?
Equation: _____________ Answer:_______________________________________
2. The perimeter of a basketball court is 288 ft and its area is 4700 ft 2. What is the length of the basketball
court?
Equation: _____________ Answer:_______________________________________

Now, check your work by turning to page 9 - 10 for the key to correction.
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the table above.
If your score is at least 4 out of 8, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living ( Paglalapat ng aralin sa pang-araw-araw
na buhay)
Quadratic equation is a useful skill in real life. Common applications include:

1. Quadratics in Athletics
In athletic events that involve throwing objects like the shot put, balls or javelin, quadratic equations
become highly useful. For example, you throw a ball into the air and have your friend catch it, but you want
to give her the precise time it will take the ball to arrive. Use the velocity equation, which calculates the
height of the ball based on a parabolic or quadratic equation. Begin by throwing the ball at 3 meters, where
your hands are. Also assume that you can throw the ball upward at 14 meters per second, and that the
earth's gravity is reducing the ball's speed at a rate of 5 meters per second squared. From this, we can
calculate the height, h, using the variable t for time, in the form of h = 3 + 14t - 5t^2. If your friend's hands
Can you think of other ways on how quadratic equation is applied in real-life?

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson (Paglalahat ng aralin)

As for our summary here are the step in translating word problem into equation:
1. Read the problem carefully and figure out what it is asking you to find.
2. Assign a variable to the quantity you are trying to find.
3. Write down what the variable represents.
4. Re-read the problem and write an equation for the quantities given in the
problem.
5. Solve the equation.
6. Answer the question in the problem..
7. Check your solution.

I. Evaluating learning (Pagtataya ng aralin)

Translate and solve the following problems. Complete solution and write the final answer in sentence.
Please answer in separate sheet of paper.
1. A backyard is 4 meter more than its width and its area is 21 m 2. What is the width of the backyard?
2. The headboard of a queen size bed has an area of 2652 in 2. And its perimeter is 224. What is the width of
the headboard?

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 3. A rectangular garden has an area of 84m2 and a perimeter of 38m. Find its length and width.
4. An engineer wants to surround the rectangular pool with a stone border of uniform width. There are enough
stones to cover 64m. And the area of the rectangular pool is 250m 2. How long is the swimming pool?

J. Additional activities for application or remediation (Karagdaganggawain para sa takdang aralin at

remediation)
Activity 1: Use the values of a, b, and c of each of the following quadratic equations in determining the sum and
the product of its roots. Verify your answers by obtaining the roots of the equation. Please use separate sheet of
paper.

1. 8. 8x2 = 6x + 9 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________

2. 9. 10x2 – 19x + 6 = 0 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________
3. 10. 2x2 – 3x = 0 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________

Now, check your work by turning to page 9 - 10 for the key to correction.
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the table above.
If your score is at least 4 out of 9, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

F.Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

Translate and solve the following problems. Write only the equation and the final answer in sentence.
Please answer in separate sheet of paper. 2 pts. each answer.
1. A standard door has an area of 2400in2 and its perimeter is 220. What are the length and the width?
Equation: _____________ Answer:_______________________________________
2. The length of a life size mirror is 41in more than its width. If the area is 1560 in, what is the length of the
mirror?
Equation: _____________ Answer:_______________________________________

Now, check your work by turning to page 10 for the key to correction.
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the table above.
If your score is at least 4 out of 8, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

Key to Correction:

F.Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

1. Equation: w2 + 26w = 120 Answer: The length of the conference table is 30ft.
2. Equation: x2- 144 + 4700 = 0 Answer: The length of the basketball court is 94ft.

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Activity 1:
3 19 3 −3
1. Sum: Product: Roots: x= , x=
4 10 2 4
19 3 2 3
2. Sum: Product: Roots: x = x =
10 5 5 2
3 3
3. Sum: Product: 0 Roots: x = 0, x =
2 2
F.Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

1. Equation: x2 - 110x + 2400 = 0 Answer: The length and the width of the door is 80, 30 respectively.
2. Equation: w2 + 41w = 1560 Answer: The length of the life size mirror is 65 in.

If you need more help, you may reach me at cp # 09354982767 or send me a private message thru my facebook
account Paul John Tasic

Prepared by: Paul John V. Taisc

Mathematics Teacher