Professional Documents
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Degree of Strand Satisfactory in Taking A Related College Course of Grade 12 Stem Students in Tomas Del Rosario College
Degree of Strand Satisfactory in Taking A Related College Course of Grade 12 Stem Students in Tomas Del Rosario College
Degree of Strand Satisfactory in Taking A Related College Course of Grade 12 Stem Students in Tomas Del Rosario College
The Researchers
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Relevant Theories
states that Researcher Jussi Suikkanen’s theory of life satisfaction is an intriguing one: a
person is satisfied with her life when “a more informed and rational hypothetical version
of her” would judge that her life fulfills her ideal life-plan (2011). This theory avoids one
of the main issues that plagues the simpler version of this theory—that a person is happy
when she judges that her life fulfills her ideal life-plan (Ackerman, 2021). Life satisfaction
is the degree which adults (typically) find the lives they lead rich, meaningful, full or of a
generally high quality. Improving this is a goal often seen with elderly populations (Sam,
2013). Therefore, life satisfaction is a never-ending process, since just because you're
satisfied and happy right now doesn't mean you've attained life satisfaction; there's more
into it. Life satisfaction needs an extremely deep understanding about one's ‘true’
states that student development theories provide frameworks that give educators different
ways to look at and understand college students’ growth and development. It can fall into
five different categories which is (1) Psychosocial (2) Cognitive-structural (3) Person-
environment (4) Humanistic existential (5) Student developmental process models. A great
example of a student development theory is Perry’s Theory which falls into Cognitive-
structural. This theory explains how students organize and make sense of information. It
most prevalent among college students. During this stage, students commit to an ideology
and use its value system to inform their worldview. Perry’s theory can help guide higher
their efforts to improve college teaching practices (Bencaz, 2020). Therefore, theories of
theory that is divided into five categories since there is no formula for finding the best
According to Professor Louis Menand’s study published in August 2011, there are
3 theories of college. (1) The Meritocratic Theory of College, it believes that college is a
4-year intelligence test. (2) The Democratic Theory of College, it defines that college as a
means of cultural and intellectual literacy, which should be provided to all. (3) The
Vocational Theory of College, where it sees college as a vocational credential, much like
an MBA seems to be a necessary credential for management consultants. The problem with
modern college education is that the three different theories conflict with each other.
Theory 1 seeks to rank students by ability and achievement, selectivity, and rigor critical.
In contrast, Theory 2 would prefer that all Americans attend and complete college, and
Theory 3 practitioners may actively suppress differentiation. In conclusion, there are 3
things that can be achieved in college depending on the 3 theories. (1) Being the best can
be achieved in Theory 1. (2) Literacy with a diploma can be achieved in Theory 2. (3) A
theory studies paths toward improving professional growth, career trajectory and overall
Theory, it states that time and experience help shape the way a person values their career
and the goals they set. This theory defines a “career” as the entire lifetime of a person and
is divided into 5 stages. (1) Growth, this stage starts at birth and continues through age 14.
A person develops their sense of self and attitude toward work. (2) Exploration, this stage
starts at age 15 and continues through age 25. A person tries out different career paths
through classes, hobbies and actual work. (3) Establishment, this stage starts at age 25 and
continues through age 44. A person develops entry-level job skills and develops work
experience. (4) Maintenance, this stage starts at 45 and continues through age 64. A person
changes elements of their career to improve their position. (5) Decline, this stage begins at
age 65. A person reduces the amount of work they do and prepares for retirement. To put
it simply, the relevance of this theory to the study is that students are now establishing their
careers every day without even realizing it that is why a student’s satisfaction towards
things must be fulfilled in order to bring out the student's full potential.
According to the Circumscription and Compromise Theory in an article published
vocational choice is a search for a life career that fits one’s concept of self, both socially
and psychologically. Therefore, this can explain why students are drawn to specific fields
of study. It is mainly because students choose careers that suits their own personality and
set of skills.
Related Literature
Gender
engineering and math, while women reported lower perceptions of their scientific abilities,
were more aware of gender identity and more likely to feel judged based on gender. As
stated by Musise Tessema & Kathryn Ready (2012). “Effect of Gender on College
Students’ Satisfaction and Achievement”. The notion of gender in higher education has
been viewed from the perspective of inequities faced by females and males as they progress
through the educational pipeline. Even today, the topic of gender differences continues to
receive significant attention at both the institutional and national levels of universities.
In the literature “The Relationship between Gender and Academic Success Online”
stated by Jagger & Arbaugh (2013). based on gender due to both biological and social
constructs, studies examining the effects of gender on success in the online classroom have
been largely inconclusive. Gender identity, as defined by society and culture, determines
to Sabrina Sobieraj & Nicole Kramer (2019). “The Impacts of Gender and Subject on
Experience of Competence and Autonomy in STEM”. Gender stereotypes are probably one
of the most intensively debated of the proposed reasons. Maybe individuals adapt their
behavior and/or change their self-related cognitions to fit into their gender roles. Gender
tend to meet and develop friends with their peers. The researchers are interested as to why
gender matters when it comes to strand satisfaction. So as a result, students will have no
Socioeconomic status
Academic Achievement among the Senior Secondary School Students” stated, the term
etc. Socio-economic Status of student’s family or parents have great impact upon academic
success of the students. Their study concluded that students who are coming from deprived
and low socio-economic and educational background families performed slightly better
than the students having higher socio-economic and educational background. The high
achieving boys have been found impulsive, suspicious, shy, conservative, and dominant
while the high achieving girls have been found stable, trusting, experimenting and
submissive.
terms of family wealth and parent education levels on students’ reading performance in
Indonesia concluded that students from a wealthy family tend to perform better in reading
achievement than children in poverty. Similar to the level of family wealth, parent
education level considerably affects the students’ reading achievement. Study stated that
factors in terms of family wealth and parent education levels can further affect the different
learning performance of children at school as claimed by the study entitled “The Influence
of Family Wealth and Parent Education Level on Students' Reading Literacy” (Nawas,
2019).
Though resources are present, if the support from the family is absent this will still
Lockdown” from Marie Villanueva (2020). Another research done from England reported
that children from poorer families spend less time learning at home during the lockdown
due to the lack of resources. Students were asked if they received any kind of support from
their families regarding their e-Learning and if they understood all their lessons online and
home learning was suggested to close the educational gap that might occur. Many countries
admit that they will face many struggles in implementing distance learning, and the most
apparent among these issues will be access to technology. Socioeconomic status of each
student affects their urge to study, wealthy parents can usually provide learning resources
at home to support their children’s learning but that is not the case for the less fortunate
ones. Students may find themselves unsatisfied with their strand because of their inability
affected by their family’s ability to provide support, not only financial for gadgets and other
Career Choice among First-Year University Students in Public and Private Universities in
Kisii County, Kenya” detailed that the study concludes that having prior knowledge about
a career is important to developing and nurturing an interest in the career. In fact, prior
knowledge prepares an individual on the conditions obtaining for a career and one will
decide to enter a career from a point of knowledge. Knowledge on a career can be acquired
through doing research and consultations, training, exposure as well as the industrial
attachment. Other avenues through which individuals receive prior knowledge for their
careers include mentorship, commitment, motivation, and socializing with people in the
career of interest.
As said in the article entitled “Alignment of Senior High School Strand in College
Course” by Santos, Blas, & Panganiban in the year 2019 that the alignment and
misalignment are present in the Senior High School Strand and college courses of the SHS
graduates of BULSU-LHS. The researchers determined that the majority (80.67%) of the
SHS strands of the 119 respondents are aligned to their college courses. According to the
gathered data, a majority (56.30%) of the respondents are currently enrolled in Bulacan
State University. The gathered data shows that the factor that affected the majority of the
respondents was their strong desire or interest in the course (68.9%); this means that the
respondents were really dedicated to their career path suggesting the idea that the
respondents’ taken academic track were aligned to their chosen college courses.
Academically Advanced High School Seniors” stated that when choosing a college, high
school students and those who guide them through the process must consider the complex
person-environment fit. Ten academically advanced high school students who had chosen
decision-making process. This qualitative study describes six themes that were identified
was influenced by pressure to attend a highly selective school, social comparisons, and
Meyer et al. (2020) that in college, senior high school students consider different
characteristics between quality, cost, and prestige, appreciate flexible learning options and
seek opportunities for immersion in a domain. Students must have prior knowledge in order
to be admitted to and graduate from their desired college schools. Prior knowledge will
play an important role because it will be fundamental in boosting the rate of learners’
success. Hence, the students choose what the students believe is the most appropriate and
General Average
goals, including goals about how to learn. Both high school and elementary grades contain
information about school achievement that includes being socialized into the way learning
happens in classrooms. Graded achievement reflects specific course learning goals and
therefore varies according to subject; academic course grades align more closely with
tested achievement than noncore course grades. Graded achievement also reflects
individual teachers' grading practices and emphases about what is important to learn.
Report card grades can be reliable and valid measures of graded achievement but may not
The importance of very high life satisfaction for students’ academic success
(Antaramian, 2017) This study investigated whether very high levels of life satisfaction
were associated with academic success at the college level. Results indicated that although
both groups were satisfied with life, the students with very high life satisfaction were at a
significant advantage over those with average life satisfaction in terms of academic
oriented achievement goals and lower academic stress. The most satisfied students also
earned higher Grade Point Averages (GPAs) than their less satisfied peers. These findings
suggest that very high life satisfaction is associated with academic advantages that are not
(Jimenez & Jimenez, 2019) Flipped learning have emerged in the last decade to make
students' learning more active and to enhance learning performance and students’
motivation and engagement. These new approaches have been applied to different subjects
at different educational levels. Specifically, in higher education most studies have focused
on STEM subjects. Results show that students are very satisfied with the experience and
with the summative-formative assessment that has been used. In addition, students consider
that their learning process has been better with this new methodology. Certainly, academic
results have been improved with flipping courses, compared with traditional lectures
specifies how much a student learned and if they are doing well and keeping up with
classes. Higher attained grades or GPAs can also be a huge advantage to achieve greater
satisfaction in life compared to only having lesser GPA, according to Antaramian (2017).
In addition, with the help of the flipped classroom, as claimed by Jimenez & Jimenez
(2019), students’ satisfaction and performance both improved while using this method.
Achievements
For instance, Usher and Pajares (2013), argued that self-efficacy “predicts students'
academic achievement across academic areas and levels.” Despite there being considerable
studies that have explored the motivational mechanism which mediates self-efficacy–
achievement relationship are scarce and are necessary to understand how and why self-
efficacy affects students' academic achievement and will allow instructional actions and
choice. Centered on motivational beliefs, this model assumes that; first, expectancies for
Achievement and absorption capacity are the outcomes that students accomplish, as a
result, of their academic experience. Achievement and absorption capacity was influenced
found that the interrelation structure between students in high schools and their teachers is
similar to that of an organization where there are employees and leaders. The author argued
that the more this relation is strong and provides quality exchanges, the more positive
students’ achievements will be. These attainments could be in the students’ skills and
knowledge
beliefs, teaching process satisfaction, and academic achievement. Its main aim is to identify
affects student achievement and satisfaction. Student achievement and satisfaction are two
of the most important learning outcomes and are considered key indicators of education
quality. These results provided empirical evidence to better understand the mechanism that
providing students with positivity when they achieve in school. Achievements are the
that has meaning and substance for the individual. It can also serve as a reward for students,
motivating them to study hard for the subject they want to pursue in college. Achievements
stated that higher grades and positive attitudes towards school is the second effect that
performance. Students that don’t like school won’t do as well as the students that do like
school because they are not motivated to succeed. If students don’t like school, it is usually
because they do not feel as though they are succeeding or that they can succeed. As a result,
college course in the future. The lower a student's self-esteem, the more uncertainty they
will have about what they truly want out of their profession. They will be dissatisfied with
the course they chose since there will be no engagement with other activities that they
might desire.
Claudette, C. (2013) states in her study that group activities provide opportunities
for students to build connections with others who have similar interests and goals, which
will increase their motivation to commit long term to an activity that also increases
with positive social groups that influence students to avoid negative life choices (Veltz &
Shakib, 2013). In addition, extracurricular activities are not just for a single person only, it
can be a group or pair. Communicating and engaging with others may assist the students
The students might be involved with cleaning up, recycling and planting.
great. In Japan, students are responsible to clean their classroom or cook their meals at
with other audiences as stated in the study of (Yanus, Y., & Tylan, B. 2019). Furthermore,
certain simple daily actions can have a significant influence on someone's life. With these
extracurricular activities, other students may be able to enlighten their minds and selecting
the appropriate course for them. If there are no basic extracurricular activities, the students
will be unsatisfied with their future choices, and it might lead them to failure.
Having an extra-curricular activity in every school shape and enrich other student’s talent
and skills. Students who are uninterested in studying may be persuaded to attend school
because of extracurricular activities, which allow them to show what else they are capable
of and lead them on what they truly desire for their college course. Participating in
extracurricular activities, individuals can get to meet others who have similar goals with
them and get to help each other. It is also crucial for the students to engage in these types
of events since they may learn something that they may apply in the future if they already
have job. Extracurricular activities are not only used to improve students' grades, but also
Online Education” published by Barboza & da Silva in 2017 states that the literature points
out that time to feedback in education is one of the factors which affect communication
is much more to it. The time it takes to obtain feedback is critical in becoming more
Online Learning: A Review", The essence of online learning is the continuous development
of students' cognitive level, and to acquire effective learning, students need to participate
satisfactory, and their persistence and efficiency are also poor. Therefore, poor student
engagement is one of the factors that may cause a student’s poor academic achievement.
This might cause a student to become depressed, a reason to worry for the parents and
create a negative reputation for the school if a number of pupils show poor academic
achievement.
Bolliger in 2018 states that student engagement increases student satisfaction, enhances
student motivation to learn, reduces the sense of isolation, and improves student
performance in online courses. As a result, the curriculum and the strands must include
elements that will draw students' attention so that they will show interest and participate in
online classes. Topics connected to a student's chosen college course and experiments that
aspect of online learning. Having strong virtual engagement during classes makes a student
more productive and efficient to save time but having poor virtual engagement during
classes can lead up into a variety of difficulties, not only for the student but also for others
around them.
Related Studies
Satisfaction for Students’ Academic Success. Based on these research findings, life
satisfaction is not just a desirable outcome itself but also an important factor in facilitating
optimal functioning. Life satisfaction has been linked to many advantageous outcomes that
have an impact in the student satisfactory. For example, research consistently shows that
individuals with high life satisfaction tend to have more positive social relationships,
receive more social support, and experience greater marital satisfaction compared to those
Ethiopia (Daniel et. Al., 2017) The general objective of the study is to investigate the
perceived by the students. Results revealed that the satisfaction level of students in the
student support service and facility supervision whereas no significant variation was seen
could be possible to conclude that majority of the students are satisfied with the service
that the university offers. However, it was also found that the number of the dissatisfied
group was not insignificant, and therefore more effort should be made to make the
satisfaction level of the students much better than the current level.
Relationship between Students Satisfaction and their Academic Performance among Public
Relations Degree Students in UiTM Alor Gajah Melaka” stated that there are three
independent variables which are placement, facilities, and relationship while academic
performance acts as a dependent variable. Based on the findings, it was found that all the
variables proposed are related to the academic performance of PR students. Based on the
findings, the most students’ satisfaction factor that contributes to academic performance is
a relationship among UiTM staff. Hence, from the finding, it was said that PR degree
students are more satisfied with the relationship among the academic and non-academic
staff in UiTM Melaka. Cho (2008) agreed that students are easy to get guidance from their
lecturers to complete the course work, projects, and assignments given. The second factor
that impacts the students’ satisfaction factor with academic performance is facilities. UiTM
Alor Gajah, Melaka has to provide or maintain good facilities for the students to make sure
that they can increase their academic performance. The last factor that gives an impact on
academic performance is the right placement. The findings indicated that the right
Satisfaction is a state of enjoyment that occurs when a person's wants and desires
are met. It is a state of mind experienced by someone who has had a performance or result
that exceeded his or her expectations. Students Satisfaction in terms of a short-term mindset
arising from an assessment of a student's educational experiences. In the study of Daniel
et. Al., (2017) it could be possible to conclude that majority of the students are satisfied
with the service that the university offers. However, there are also a number of students
was not negligible, and so greater effort should be made to improve student satisfaction
much above the existing level. Furthermore, Satisfaction is not only a good end in and of
itself, but it is also a crucial aspect in promoting optimal functioning. Life happiness has
dilemma of the Philippine educational system because this prepares the students in their
entry to college and equips them with relevant and globally competitive skills which will
foster employability. With this being said, a study aimed to ascertain the awareness,
Eastern Visayas. However, it is observed that the program implementers have reasonably
felt concerns on the preparedness and needs. They concluded that there is a need to come
skills enhancement. The stated information was based on a study entitled “Awareness,
(Canezo,2016)
high school life is the biggest and the most important decision to make in entering Senior
High School. Philippine F. Yates, Veinott, & Patalano (2003) define a decision as “…a
states that the adoption of online learning modality among Higher Education Institutions
(HEIs) increased exponentially amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the results of an online
survey with 529 respondents have shown (1) The study revealed that online course
satisfaction was significantly correlated with online student engagement. (2) Online course
engagement in online learning. Lastly, the goal of the study is to improve online learning
delivery quality in the new normal setting amid the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting
an online survey.
The findings are divided into 3 parts, (1) the K to 12 program is what prepares the
students for their upcoming college life. It equips them with knowledge that is needed in a
course related to their strand (Canezo, 2016). (2) Choosing a strand is the most important
decision made before attending Senior High School (Gallego et al., 2019) since it will act
connected to a student's overall engagement (Baloran et al., 2021); the less satisfied a
student is with his selected course, the worse his academic achievement will be, which can
Similar to the researchers’ study, another research study aimed to determine the
senior high school students’ level of aspiration and level of readiness in pursuing college
degree. It probed into whether there is a difference in the level of aspiration and level of
readiness in pursuing college degree when grouped according to average monthly family
income, age, gender, and academic track. The study involved 198 senior high school
students of the University of Perpetual Help System Laguna, Biñan Campus. Generally,
the study’s goal is to determine how does the respondents’ level of aspirations and level of
readiness in pursuing college degree differ when grouped according to various profile
Interest is one of the personality factors playing a significant role in career decision-
making. Individuals who choose a career that matches his/her interests are likely to feel
more satisfied and motivated. Interests promote career choice goals, such as having career
intentions, developing career plans, and choosing a career direction to engage in (Lent et
al. 1994). On the contrary, students who are forced to take a specific career showed low
self-esteem and poor performance. Appropriate career choice does not only impact a
person’s life but society in general. Recognizing the factors that may affect students’ career
decisions is essential in developing strategies that may help them make intelligent career
tool (Gestiada et al. 2017) and predicting the career strand of incoming SHS students
(STS) Online Course” stated that the global pandemic has brought an unforeseen change
in the field of education. Different schools have to shift to online teaching to continue the
students' education to cope with the adversity. This study explores the students’
satisfaction, self-efficacy, and academic achievement using online learning materials in the
Science, Technology, and Society course. Most students are satisfied with the teacher and
the students' interaction, the teacher’s performance, and the course content.
Simultaneously, the student has commendable self-directed skills in performing the online
tasks that made them efficient in the course. The teachers should emphasize the lesson
design, develop technological skills, promote proper communication with the students,
provide meaningful learning activities, consider students’ mental health, and use
There are factors affecting career choice for instance, interest, since it can boost
one’s motivation and satisfaction. It can also help with having goals and clear intentions
towards the chosen career, according to Nazareno (2020). In addition, characteristics such
as average monthly family income, age, gender, and academic track may influence a
student's level of aspiration and readiness of a student pursuing a certain college course,
since variances in profile may reduce or raise both aspiration and readiness, as stated by
Salinas (2019). Moreover, Satisfaction of the students remained despite the sudden change
in education. Interactions, performances and lessons were all still satisfactory, as specified
IV DV
1.1 Gender
curricular activities
classes
Figure 1
Conceptual Paradigm
The first frame expresses the independent variable in the study, wherein the
statement of the problem is included which is divided into three: (1) The profile of the
students which will be described into 3 variables: (1.1) Gender; (1.2) Socioeconomic status
and; (1.3) College course to be taken; (2) Degree of strand satisfactory of the students
And (3) What can the study contribute to the current education system.
The second frame expresses the dependent variables, which is the title of the study.
The arrow between the two frames denotes the relationship between the variables.
satisfactory of a student.
satisfactory of a student.
HO = General average of the students has no significant connection to the degree
satisfactory of a student.
Definition of Terms
The following terms have been used in the study to briefly explain the findings of
the researchers:
experiences
Compromise. Students opt to choose courses related to their skill set and identity
instead of pushing something that is out of their league just because of popularity or
demand.
Distance Learning. The alternative way for face-to-face classes due to COVID-19
pandemic.
Humanistic Existential. Explores the relationship students have with others and
Semi-structured interviews. A type of interview that does not fully follow a set
of questions.
Gender Stereotypes. A general view about the characteristics and roles performed
Strand. The track a student takes during his Senior High School that is most likely
Strand Satisfactory. Achieved by the student when the strand itself meets the
expectations of a student.
school.
NOTES IN CHAPTER II
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Arbaugh, J. (2013). The Relationship between Gender and Academic Success Online:.
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Dan, A. (2015, July). SATISFACTION. Retrieved from
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Jimenez, R., & Jimenez, C. (2020, July 31). Improving students’ satisfaction and learning
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Meyer, M., Cranmore, J., Rinn, A., & Hodges, J. (2020). College Choice: Considerations
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Nawas, A. (2019, June). The Influence of Family Wealth and Parent Education Level on
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Nazareno, A. L. (2020). "Factors Associated with Career Track Choice". Retrieved from
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Salinas, E. M. (2019, May). Aspiration and Readiness of Filipino Senior High School
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RATING