INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITED TO “QQGPT”

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY
SYED AHMED RAZA 16061-C-250

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. M. SACHITHANANDA REDDY

 2nd SHIFT POLYTECHNIC

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

QULI QUTUB SHAH GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

HYDERABAD-500064 -TS, INDIA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT” has been
carried out in Hyderabad .

SYED AHMED RAZA

PIN NO: 16061-C-250
Civil 2nd shift
Quli qutub shah govt. Polytechnic college.

In partial fulfillment for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING to the STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING, Hyderabad from 2nd shift
QULI QUTUB SHAH GOVT. POLYTECHNIC Hyderabad during the Academic year 2018-
2019

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT EXTERNAL EXAMINER

MR.M.SAI DULU
Dept. of Civil Engineering

QQGPT

Hyderabad-500064
 ACNOWLEDGEMENT
A Project is never the outcome of a Single Person’s Effect. It
is a Confluence of carried thought process harmoniously
Integrated into a resourceful product. I am Incepted to
several people for having made this project possible. In the
Endeavor to this , Several people have given their valuable
Suggestions and guidance at Every Step.

 I Express my deep Sense of gratitude to department of

Civil Engg. For giving us an opportunity of gaining
Practical Experience In “INDUSTRIAL TRAINING”

 I take this opportunity to thank our principal

Sri. P.V.Raghu for his Encouragement & facilities were
offered during Execution of project

 It is our pleasure to thank Sri.M.SAIDULU (Head of

Department) for your Earnest Effect and Motivated us
to Come out with Excellent output.
 INDEX

CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE NO
1) INTRODUCTION 1

2) STUDY AREA 2
2.1 Capacit’e infra projects limited2
2.2 Site safety precautions 3
3) MATERIALS AND MATERIAL TEST 4
3.1 Steel 4
3.2 Concrete 6
3.3 Cement 12
3.4 Fine aggregate 16
4) METHODOLOGY 18
4.1 Excavation 18
4.2 Plain cement concrete 20
4.3 Shuttering materials 21
4.4 Form work 22
4.5 Reinforcement 26
4.6 Concrete 28
4.7 Block work 29
4.8 Plastering 31
5) CONCLUSION 32
6) REFERENCE 33
 LIST OF FIGURES

DESCRIPTION FIGURE NO
SITE SAFETY PRECOTIONS 2.2.1
REINFORCEMENT 3.1.1
REINFORCEMENT 3.1.2
POURING OF CONCRETE IN SLAMP COAN 3.2.1
SLUMP COAN 3.2.2
COMPRESSION TEST MACHINE 3.2.3
CEMENT 3.3.1
VICATE APPARATUS 3.3.2
VICATE APPARATUS WITH CEMENT 3.3.3
SEVER 3.4.1
SILT TEST TUBE 3.4.2
EXCAVATION OF SOIL 4.1.1
ROCK CUTTING 4.1.2
SHETTERING FOR SLAB 4.3.1
FORM WORK FOR SLAB 4.4.1
REINFORCEMENT AND FORM WORK 4.4.2
REINFORCEMENT AND FORM WORK FOR FOTTING4.4.3
PLASTERING OF REINFORCEMENT IN SLAB 4.5.1
REINFORCEMENT FOR SALB 4.5.2
CONCRETE POURING IN SLAB 4.6.1
AAC BLOCKS 4.7.1
ABSTRACT:

India is a developing country.In India Hyderabad is one of the largest

city with more population.due to such population traffic is developing
more and more. As traffic is increasing.
High rise buildings are product of our time and temporary solutions
for the problems they create.In recent years most of the countries like
japan,china are were representing these high rise buildings.
A High rise building is a building which means by any hotel, motel,
an individual house, town houses etc., mainly they can be used in
many purposes like living, drawing, playing, cooking, assembling for
talking ect.
In modern civil construction industry, construction of high rise
building plays a prominent role. The design must be carefully
observed and before being implemented. The place where this project
located is Hyderabad. The company has started the construction in
4.5acres of site and 2B+G+210floors in Tower-A, 2B+G+19 floors in
Service Apartment and 2B+G+20 floors in Tower-B.
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTON

1.1 The main motive of the internship is to bridge a gap between

the industry and academia. Internship is to facilitate student learning
opportunities outside the classroom. These experiences provide the
opportunity to apply classroom theory to real world situations thus
enhancing the students’ academic and career goals. By doing this
internship we can link our theoretical knowledge to the practical
approach. Internship help students to gain experience, develop skills,
make connections, strengthen their resumes, learn about a field, and
assess their interest and abilities. During the time of internship we can
learn how to execute our theoretical aspects in a practical manner. All
the design aspects and various problems arrived during the internship
programme, will become so much useful when we enter into the real
life field jobs and design jobs. This internship programme is so much
advantageous for every student because before entering into the
designated jobs we can come to know about the practical approach for
the existing site conditions. This is also useful in such manner we can
know how to deal with the on field conditions and with various
agencies and their respective clients for the successful completion of
the project.
 CHAPTER-2
STUDY AREA

2.1 CAPACITE INFRA PROJECTS LIMITED:

• Constructing buildings today requires high levels of

specialization and the ability to successfully adapt to modern
technologies. That’s where CapaciteInfraprojects Limited has
come in by using various advanced construction techniques and
methods and grown tremendously in a short span of 5-6 years by
serving to various high end Clientele.

• An ISO- 9001:2008, ISO-14001:2004 and OHSAS -

18001:2007 certified company,

• Capacit'e Infraprojects Ltd. was born as a result of the

determination of the group to cater to the growing need of its
clients in the housing sector. Hence, it has been our constant
effort to ensure shorter execution schedules and enhanced
quality, thus realizing complete customer satisfaction.

• Capacite Infraprojects Ltd. (CIL) is ably supported by a team of

exceptional techno-commercial personnel, technical experts,
specialized project management professionals, skilled workforce
and state-of-the-art technology.

• Capacite infraprojects Ltd is into construction of

1.HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
2.TOWNSHIPS & VILLAS
3.HOTELS & MALLS
4.HOSPITALS & INSTITUTIONAL
5.MULTI-LEVEL CAR PARKS
2.2 Site Safety Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
• Protective footwear must be used.
• Safety glasses are must be used.
• Apron must be used. Ear protection is must be used.
• Hand glouses should be used while doing any electrical work.
• Safety nets should be placed at a certain height.
• Safety belts should be used when the person is at a height more
than 1.8m.
• Fire extinguishers should be used.

• Helmet must be used while working.

2.2.1 SITE SAFETY SYBOULS:

 CHAPTER-3
MATERIALS AND MATERIAL TESTS
3.1 STEEL:
• Steel is probably the most versatile commonly used structural
material.
• Steel is used to a large extent in modern multi-storied buildings.
• Steel is used as reinforcing bars/wires for concrete since
concrete is weak in tension.
• Structural steel is available in various forms and shapes and it is
being used for various structural components.
Physical Properties of Mild Steel:
• Mass density = 7850 Kg/m3
• Young’s Modulus = 2.04 x 105 N/mm2
• Modulus of Rigidity = 0.785 x 105 N/mm2
• Poisson’s Ratio = 0.25 – 0.3
• Coefficient of thermal expansion = 12 x 10-6 per º c
 3.1.1 REINFORCEMENT STOCK
FOR STEEL TEST:
3.1.1 Rolling Margin:
It is the difference between theoretical weight and actual
weight of steel.
Tolerance(Rolling margin)(As per IS Code:1786)
for 8&10mm steel:±7% of weight
for 12&16mm steel:±5% of weight
for 20,25&32mm steel:±3% of weight
1.Physical test 2.Chemical test
Test parameters: Test parameters:
1. Mass 1.carbon
2. Tensile strength 2.phosphorous
3. Yield strength 3.sulphur
4. Elongation4.sulphor and phosphorous
5. Bend test
6. Rebend test

3.1.2 REINFORCEMRNT
3.2 CONCRETE
• Concrete is the most versatile material for all types of
construction works and has been used for innumerable
construction works, either as plain concrete or as
reinforced cement concrete or as precast concrete, or pre
stressed concrete or in many other forms.
• The various constituents of concrete are cement, water,
fine aggregate, and coarse, aggregates. In Reinforced
Cement Concrete Steel is also used.
Cement:Properties and various types of cement have already
been discussed previously
Aggregate
• These are the inert or chemically inactive materials
which form the bulk of cement concrete.
• These aggregates are bound together by means of
cement. The aggregates are classified into two
categories, Fine and coarse.
The material which is passed through 4.75mm size sieve is
termed as fine Aggregate. Usually natural river sand, issued as
a fine aggregate

1. Plain Cement Concrete

• It is a mixture of cement, sand pebbles or crushed rock
and water. It possesses the following important
properties.
• It is free from corrosion
 • It has a high compressive strength
• It blinds rapidly with steel
2. Reinforced Cement Concrete
• Plain cement concrete is strong in compression but weak
in tension.
• To make this efficiency better steel bars known as
reinforcement are embedded in concrete.

Water:
• Water which is used for making concrete should be clean
and free from harmful impurities such as oil, alkali, acid
etc.
• In general water which is fit for drinking should be used
for making concrete.
• It has a tendency to be porous.

Grades of Concrete:
• Concrete as per IS 456 2000 is classified into three groups as
ordinary concrete, Standard concrete and High strength
concrete.
• M10, M15,M20 and M25 are ordinary concrete, M30,
M35,M40, M45, M50 and M55 are grouped as Design Mix
concrete and M60, M70, M75 and M80 are grouped under High
strength concrete.
 • The letter ‘M’ refers to the mix and the number indicates the
specified compressive strength of that mix at 28 days expressed
in N/mm2.
• For lean concrete bases and simple foundations for masonry
walls M10 grades of concrete to be used. These mixes need not
be designed
• Grades of concrete lesser than M15 are not to be used in RCC
work.
For general guidance, the nominal mix proportions (volume ratio)
Correspond approximately to the different grades as follows:
• M 10 - 1:3:6
• M 15 - 1:2:4
• M 20 - 1:1.5:3
• M 25 - 1:1:2
• than M25 grade there is no standard nix proportions for
remaining grades. Their proportions are decided by trail & error
method.
Materials to be Mixed in Concrete:
Density:2400kg/m³
There are some types of materials such as water, aggregates,
admixtures, cement, fly ash
1.Aggregates:
These are mixed in a certain proportion in concrete mixture for a
good properties.
Here fine aggregate is sand & coarse aggregate is of 10,12mm.
2.Admixtures:
These type of materials are added to concrete to increase or the
setting time for concrete.
3.Cement:
It is material which have a good binding property.

TEST FOR CONCRETE:

3.2.1 Slump Cone test:
to check the workability of the concrete.if the slump is in between 80-140 then
it’s workability is good and is used for construction . workability means
mixing , transporting, placing . if workability increases , strength decreases.
1.Tamping rod:
Dia-16mm
Height-600mm
4 layers,25blows each
2.Slump cone:
Height-300mm
Top dia-100mm
Bottom dia-200mm
 3.2.1 POORING OF CONCRETE IN SLUMP CONE

3.2.2 SLUMP CONE

3.2.2Compressive strength of cube:
This test is to know about the characteristic compressive strength of
cube. before pouring concrete calibration of the mould is taken. in this
cube, sample of concrete is poured in 3layers.for each layer 35 blows
are given. Concrete is poured in a mould of size
150x150x150(mm).After 24hrs mould is removed. after 7days 65%
and after 28days 99%.
3.3 CEMENT
A cement is a binder,a substance used for construction that sets,
hardens,and adheres to other materials to bind them together.
Cement is seldom used on its own,but rather to bind sand and
gravel together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces
mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel,

Proportion of mixing:
• The ingredients are generally mixed in the ratio of two parts of
Calcareous materials and one part argillaceous material.
• Limestone and shale are first crushed and then they are mixed
either in wet state or in dry state by grounding them together.
• The mixture is then burnt in a rotary kiln at a temperature
between 1400°C and l500°C. Pulverized coal, gas or oil being
used as the fuel.
• The clinker so obtained is first cooled and then gypsum (3 to
4%) is added and it is grounded to the required fineness.

3.3.1 CEMENT
Properties of Cement:
1.Fineness:
• It is the degree of grinding of cement.
• The rate of reaction depends upon the fineness of grinding
• For accurate measurement it is measured by surface area, air
permeability method and the unit is cm2/gram of cement.
2.Setting Time:
• Setting of cement is the phenomenon by virtue of which the
green cement changes into hard mass.
• Initial setting is a stage in the process of hardening after which
any crack that may appear will not reunite and the completion of
this process is, known as final setting time.
• The time between water is added in cement and initial setting
takes place is known as Initial Setting Time.
• Cement should not loose its plasticity till the various operations
of mixing, transporting and placing are complete.
• Hence this time is generally kept not less than 30 minutes.
3.Strength:
• The quality of concrete and cement is always judged by strength
and that is only by compressive strength because cement is
weak in tension and for it steel reinforcement is always
provided.
• For this purpose cement and standard sand are mixed in the ratio
of 1:3
4.Soundness:
• Free lime and magnesia present in cement makes the cement
unsound by increasing the volume after setting.
 • It is generally measured by Le-Chatlier method or by Autoclave
method.
5.Heat of Hydration:
• Setting of cement is due to chemical reactions between cement
and water and this process is known as Hydration.
• As, this reaction is exothermal process, so sufficient heat is
generated and this process continues for an indefinite period at a
diminishing rate.
3.3.1 Field Tests on Cement:
 The colour of cement should be uniform gray with light
greenish shade.
 Cement should feel smooth when touched.
 If hand is inserted in a bag of cement it should feel cool not
warm.
 If a small quantity of cement is thrown in a bucket of water, it
should sink and should not float on the surface.
 Cement should be free from any hard lumps.
 A sample meant for testing shall be drawn from at least 12
different bags or barrels or containers or from 12 different
positions in a heap if cement is loose. Chemical composition of
cement should be checked for B. I. S. specifications.
Laboratory Tests on Cement

3.3.2 CONSISTENCY TEST:

This test conducted to estimate the quantity of water to be mixed in cement to form a
paste of normal consistency for use in other tests.
The standard consistency of cement is that consistency, which permit the vicat plunger
to penetrate to a point 5 to 7 mm from the bottom of the vicatmould when tested.
Let W1 = Weight of cement taken for the test.
W2 = Weight of water added corresponding to the condition of
 the stipulated extent of penetration of the plunger.
percentage of water=Pa=(W2/w1)*100

3.3.2 VICAT APPARATURSL

3.3.3 INITIAL SETTING TIME:
 The object of this test is to make a distinction between normal setting and
quick setting types of cement end also to detect deterioration due to
storage.
 Weigh 300 gm of cement and add percentage of water (which is the
percentage of water required to have normal consistency. See test for
consistency.)
 The paste obtained after mixing is filled in the mould.1. In the Vicat
apparatus, attach the needle of square section, i.e. 1 mm X 1 mm to the
Vicat rod. Lower the system so that the needle just touches the surface of
the paste and gently release.
 Find out if the needle pierces into the paste fully. If it does, again release
the needle on the paste after a few seconds and again observe whether the
needle pierces fully into the pass this is repeated till the needle does not
pierce into the paste completely. Now the interval of time between this
instant and the instant at which water was added to the cement is called
the initial setting time.
3.3.4 FINAL SETTING TIME:
  Now change the needle to the third one which has a projecting sharp point
in the center with an annular attachment.
 Now release this needle as before on the same paste. The needle as well as
the attachment will make their impressions on the paste.
 Repeat this process till only the needle makes the impression but not the
attachment.
 The interval of time between this instant and the instant at which the water
was added is called the final setting time.

3.3.3 VICATE APPARATUS WITH CEMENT

3.4 FINE AGGREGATE:

• Fine aggregate is defined as rock particles with diameter less

than4.75usually called sand
• Natural sand are generally used as fine aggregate
• Sand may be obtained from pits revers lake or sea shore
• When obtain from pits it should be washed to free it from clean and silt
• Sea shore sand may containchlorides which may cause efflorescence, and
may cause corrosion of reinforcement. Hence it should be thoroughly
washed before use
 • Angular grained sand produces good and strong concrete, because it has
good interlocking property, while round grained particles of sand do not
afford such interlocking.
• Fine aggregate is used in making thin concrete slabs or other structural
members and were as smooth surface is desired
TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE:
3.4.1 SIEVE ANALASIS:
Fineness modules of sand (fine aggregate) is an index number which represents
the mean size of the particles in sand. Fine aggregate means the aggregate
which passes through 4.75mm sieve.to find the fineness modulus of fine
aggregate we need sieve sizes of 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.6mm, 0.3mm
and 0.15mm.

3.4.1 SEAVER
3.4.2 SILT TEST:
Silt canten is a fine material which is less then 150 microne. It is unstable in the
presence of water excessive quntitiy of silt not only reduses the bonding of
cement and fine aggregate but also affects the strngth and durabulity of work
Fine sand, Clay or other material carried by running water and deposited as a
sediment
TEST PROCEDURE:
• To carry out the test,a 250ml measuring cylinder should preferable be
used
• Fill the cylinder approximately uo to the 50ml mark with a salt/water
solution (one teaspoonful of salt to 750ml of water).
• Pour in the sand until the level is up to the 100ml mark.
• Add more salt solution until it reaches the 150ml level.
• Shake the mixture well
• Stand the cylendare on a level surface and tap it untill the top of the sand
is level
• Leave the cylindare to stand for three hours
• Measure the volume of the silt layer, and the volume of sand
• If silt is present in sand it will expand and contraction according its
temperature
• Volume of the sand and silt = A
• Volume of the sand = B
Volume of the sand and silt –Volume of the sand X100
Volume of the sand
If it is below 7% then it is ok
 3.4.2 SILT TEST TUBE

CHAPTARE-4
METHADOLAGY
4.1 EXCAVATION WORK:
Scope:Excavation for foundations lay to the required bearing strata conforming
to location and dimensions as per drawings.
Procedures:
 Obtain work permit before starting blasting & Excavation work.
 Provide proper slope as per the soil condition & standards.
 Any pit exceeds 1.50m depth must have Hard barrication
 Sufficient ladders with a upright extension of 1mt. Min to be provided
(min. one at each 30m. of horizontal distance) for safe access to the pit
whose depth exceeds 1.20mt.
 Proper ramp should be provided for the vehicle movement for ingress
and egress, maintaining a safe angle of the ramp.
 A distance of 1.5mt or half of the depth of excavated pit or whichever
is more should be maintained from the edge of the excavation and
heavy structures, installations etc
 No loose soil or materials should be kept at the edge
 Prepare schemes for excavation with the required working space for
foundations as per the drawing
 Mark dimensions of limits of excavation with reference to the scheme
prepared
 Excavate to required depth, manually or mechanically and check
formation condition by consultant or designer, if required
 Record the levels of formation, before laying PCC and maintain the
record
4.1.1 EXCAVETION OF SOIL 4.1.2 ROCK CUTTING
4.1.1 Hard Rock Excavation:
 At all stages of excavation, precaution to be taken to preserve the rock
below and beyond the lines specified for the excavation, in the
soundest possible condition
 Storage facilities for the explosives to be made as per the rules of
local, state and central government authorities and statuary bodies /
regulation and procedures for storage to be followed as described in
Technical specification for hard rock blasting
 Blasting to be carried out during the fixed hours of the day (after the
sunrise and before the sunset) as approved by the client in written
 Notification to be given to all companies and public utility companies
having service or structure in proximity to the site of work about the
blasting operation to enable them to protect their property from injure
 Required holes as specified to be made by the supervisor (c/c of hole
shall not exceed 2.0m)
 Wooden tamping rod with a flat end shall be used to push cartridges in
the hole firmly
 After a insertion of explosives to the required depth in the hole, the
balance hole shall be stemmed, consisting of sand or stone dust
 Then the blast area to be covered with one layer of sand bags
 Over the sand bags (60bags/sqm) MS plate of minimum 6mm thk to
be placed
 One row of sand bags to be placed above the steel plate
  Precaution to be taken to ensure the blasting circuit is adequately
taped to avoid contact with MS plate
 Then the detonation of the explosives to be done electrically

Misfire:
 Sufficient time shall be allowed to account for the delayed blast
 Inspection to be done in all the charges and determine the missed one
 Then the explosive materials to be removed with the help of air
compressor by blowing air through that hole or it may be flooded with
water
4.2 PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) WORK:

Scope: Laying of PCC for foundations on good bearing strata as per

specification and drawings.

Procedure:
 Concrete chute to be used to take the concrete to down.Ensure sufficient
lighting before doing the job at night.
 Gum Boots & Rubber hand gloves should be provided to the workers.
 Clean the excavated / back filled formation level and should be free from
loose material
 Take the joint record for bottom of footing/drain with PMC
 Complete the anti-termite treatment as per the procedure and allow the
surface to get dried to receive the base concrete
 Obtain the approval from the PMC on the Pour Card for concreting
 Mark the PCC limits and top level with concrete
 Laying and ramming the concrete to the required level as per drawing and
finishing the same uniformly
 Cure PCC for 7 days
4.3 SHUTTERING MATERIALS:
RMD Boards.(2700×900mm)(Company maken)
1. Tie rods(15mm,length-3m)
2. PVC pipe.(20mm)
3. Male female jack(or)Vertical prop(1.5,2m)

4. Square tube.(50mm×50mm×2.9mm)(length-6m)
5. Pin joint.
6. PVC cap (to cover the wholes)
7. C-Clamp(800mm)
8. Runner (200×280×25mm)
9. Shuttering oil
10.Plywood(8ft×4ft×18mm-cost=Rs89cost=Rs50.75/sqft) (30kg)(cost(
11.U-Jack
12.Adjustable u-jack
13.Wire Nails(1.5,2,3,4,5inches)
14.Base plate.
15.Adjucost=Rs50.75/sqft) (30kg)(cost
16.U-Jack
17.Adjustable u-jack
18.Wire Nails(1.5,2,3, & 4,inches)
19.Base plate.
20.Adjustable base plate.
21.Props:
Male-female props (or) telescopic prop:3m,4m
Cup-lock system:
 Cup to Cup distance-500mm
 Cup dia-80mm
  Bracing(vertical)=2m,2.5m
 Ledger (or) bracing-1.5m,2m,2.5m
 Channels=length-3m
 Square tube=length-6m,thick-2.9mm,50x50x50mm
 U-Heads=depth-75mm,width-120mm,length-10mm
 Base jacks=thick-6mm,150mm-width
Estimation for formwork:
Approximate slab area=100sq.m
Shuttering area=70% of slab area-1700sq.m
Requirement of ply:
Each ply of standard size=1.22mx2.44m=2. 976sq.m
Noof ply required=1700/2.976=571nos
Noof repitations considered=571/10=57 nos
Types of woods for Runner:
1.Silver wood
2.Fine wood

4.3.1 SHUTTERING FOR SLABS

4.4 FORM WORK:
Following procedure shall be adopted for erecting, after erecting and
deshuttering of formwork .
Applies to:
This work procedure should be adopted for the following activities –
I – Footing.
II – Column.
III – Slab and beam formwork
A)Procedures to be followed before and during erecting formwork:
 Doka walls with Frami Xlife or Ply board and its component like coupler,
props, waller tie rode, wooden chavi etc or combination of both shall be
used for convention shuttering form work.
 Any column with 2’-0” width or more should have tie-bolts at every yoke
or 3 nos. bolts if vertical chavi or angle is used.
 All staging members (props) shall rest on compacted ground / continues
wooden plank for the construction of first slab. Where steel props
are used they shall be braced in both directions using steel tubes and
couplers. In addition, cross bracing shall be provided as per design. Props
shall be erected in plumb
 Props shall rest on cleaned slab surface. Packing below props shall be
avoided. For staircase, props should be placed vertical
and wedges should be provided to maintain verticality.
 If pins provided by manufacturers are not used (if pins are lost or
misplaced) then use of minimum 12 dia.tor steel pins shall be allowed.
 Gaps (Gabadi) in formwork shall be restricted to 5% of area of slab. Gaps
less than 5mm should be sealed with masking tape or cement grease or
equivalent with approved gap sealer / sealant. If gap found more than
5mm, ply rib of required size or equivalent should be used. Ensure that
ply and ply rib is maintained at same line and level.
 Independent scaffold shall be erected for fixed forms, reinforcement
placing, concrete pour etc. Adequate camber, if specified on drawing,
shall be given to the erected formwork. (Camber at the beam bottom shall
be provided at the rate of 1mm per Running Meter of clear length.)
 Bearer beam (of wood), shall be provided below beams at the prop
location and they shall be supported by props. The first support to beam
shall be at 9” from RCC face. Beam side forms shall be erected in plumb.
 Width of beam / shear walls shall be maintained using tie bolts / spacers
of correct diameter and length. Tie bolts shall be enclosed in PVC
conduits with provision of removable plastic cones with coil nu Props
shall rest on cleaned slab surface. Packing below props shall be avoided.
For staircase, props should be placed vertical and wedges should be
provided to maintain verticality.

 For footings, gap between side ply and PCC shall be sealed to make
joints leak proof. For vertical members, a platform shall be erected not
touching the side forms of vertical members for concrete purpose.
 For all concrete works, forms shall be kept above concrete level and
inside of forms shall be marked to indicate concrete level. For casting of
columns, shear walls, lift pardi forms shall be kept projecting at least 4”
above concrete level so that next pour can be cast with a leak proof joint.
 For all erected formwork, levels shall be checked with auto level or level
tube. Fine correction shall be done in level through adjustable steel props
or adjustable prop heads. It is recommended that Site Engineer.
 After placing of reinforcement in position, form surface shall be cleaned
before concreting. Wooden planks shall be provided over reinforcement
as walkways to carry concrete to edged beams.
 In no case part of column below beam bottom level should be cast along
with slab / beam concreting. All columns must be cast exactly up to beam
bottom level. If small top portion of column concreting is balance then
the same should be concreted separately before taking up beam bottom
shuttering.
 Spacing between wailers of sides of beams or columns should be within
9” to 12”.
 For external columns and beams and crank beam of staircase, the
alignment should be maintained by using turn-buckle with wire rope
only.
 Checking of shuttering for slab Level marking should be transferred on
column dowels at 2’ height, line Dori should be fixed up and level of slab
to be checked in three dimensions i.e. Length, Breath & diagonally25mm
thick wooden dhar phalli shall be minimum 4” width all around slab gala,
i.e. along periphery of all internal beam sides so that one side will rest on
internal beam side and other side on 3” X 3” chavis having prop supports
at 2’ – 0” c/c.
 Shuttering for peripheral / external elevation beams
  (a) 3” X 3” cantilever chavi should be provided through beam bottom @
18” c/c. on which platform with 2nos of 9” wide plank should be fixed
all along the peripheral beams as a working platform.
 b) 3” X 2” or 3” to 4” X 1 ½” or 2 ½” dia props pieces as racker support
should be provided at 18” c/c with thesi or continuous chavi support fixed
on cantilever chavi.
 c) 3” to 4” X 1 ½” wooden chance lafa will be provided connecting both
beam sides at top to keep straight and at required beam width.
 To avoid leakages of slurry from shuttering at column / beam junctions,
studs / struts from beam sides should be taken down over the column side
and should be gripped between two horizontal chavi, on both sides of
columns with bolts, nuts and clamps. No nailing is permitted. Refer
Drawing for the same as below.
 Spacing between wailing of sides of beams or columns should be within
9” to 12”.
B) Procedures to be followed after erecting formwork:
 Just prior to concreting all levels shall be rechecked. It shall be ensured
that all fittings are tight. All tolerances in form work shall fall within the
limits mentioned in acceptance criteria.
 During concreting, strict supervision shall be maintained on overall
erected formwork. If any sinking or displacement is observed during
concreting, remedial measures shall be adopted immediately.

C) De-shuttering of formwork:
De-shuttering shall be done only with the prior approval of QA Department.
Recommended de shuttering periods. But this may vary depending on type of
cement being used, strength of concrete achieved on the day of de-shuttering,
type of form used Stripping Time Check For De-shuttering of Slab
a) Beam bottom span up to 6 m - 14 days.
b) Beam Spanning over 6m -21 days.
C) One way of soffit of slab up to 4.5 m - 7 days.
d) Two way soffit of slab span above 4.5 m - 10 days.
2) Sequence of removal of props and other components shall be done as per
instruction of QA Department’s recommendation
 4.4.1 Form work for slab

4.4.2 Reinforcement and form work in column

 4.4.3 Reinforcement and form work

4.5 REINFORCEMENT WORKS

Scope: Performing reinforcement or re-bar work as per drawing and
specification requirements

PROCEDURE:
1.Safety Points:
 Every day before starting the bar bending and cutting m/c, ensure that the
limit switches are in working conditions
 Use hand gloves while doing cutting, bending, shifting and tying of
reinforcement
 While manual shifting of "C" or "L" type rod, tie the "L" portion of rods
if it is more than 1 no.
  While shifting of rod by means of crane, ensure the quantity of
reinforcement to be shifted by crane is within the crane capacity and
allowable reach

2.Prepare Bar Bending schedules as per drawing requirements

3.Check the schedules prepared.
4.Check the materials received at site by inspecting visually and conducting unit
weight test and ensure the receipt of MTC along with every lots of materials

4.5.1 PLASING OF REINFORCEMENT IN SLABS

5.Unload and stack the materials diameter wise and consignment wise
separately by placing the identification and traceability board with details of
receipt
6.Distribute copies of BBS to the Sub contractor & Billing Engineer.
7.Cut the reinforcement as per BBS and bend to the requirement
8.Make the Front/ Job ready for receiving reinforcement with Center-lines and
Level markings
9.Give clearance for shifting and tying reinforcements.
10.Check the reinforcements tied as per drawing and record laps and extra
reinforcementprovided

4.5.2 reinforcement

4.6
CONCRETE WORK:
Following procedure shall be adopted for Concrete.
This work procedure should be adopted for the following activities –
RCC Work:
Procedures to be followed before and during erecting formwork:
 Mix Design and trials of mix shall be carried out as per the requirements
of IS 456:2008 to check workability, setting time, actual density,
strength and cement consumption (yield) whether it is site produced
concrete or ready mix concrete.
 Workability at the pump point as measured by slump test shall be
between 120(+/-) 30 mm, so that after pumping to the desired location
the slump is minimum120 mm.
 Retention for concrete shall be considered for 3.5 hrs.
  Re-dozing or split dosing (1:3 of admixture and water) shall be allowed
subject to the increase workability/slump by trained technicians and
Engineers PIL.
 Any concrete poured should get finally set within maximum 24 hours.
 Any concrete of a specified Grade shall meet the characteristic strength
in 28 days. Non Destructed Test (NDT) will be performed in case 28days
strength less than acceptance criteria.

4.6.1 CONCRETE POORIN FOR SLABS

4.7 BLOCK MASONRY WORKS:

Procedure:
 Blocks stacking at yard maximum height should not exceed 1.20m
 Working platform must be 600mm (min.) width and must be tied at both
side
 No. of blocks to be shifted by winch at one time to be decided comparing
with winch cage capacity
 While doing job at height, person must anchor his safety belt with
"LIFELINE"
 Manufacturing the blocks as per required grade and size
 Marking the location of block work with thread line over concrete
structure
 with reference to drawings and highlight openings
 Hack the concrete surfaces wherever block masonry joins with the
concrete surfaces
 Construct the first layer then check for dimensions. Approve to proceed
with further layers if dimensions are satisfactory
 Maintain the chemical (brick fix) mortar thickness as 3 mm
 Provide reinforcement in bottom and top layer of window / doors to
distribute the shrinkage effect
 Providing Flat 200mm long at every 5 th layer by anchoring with chicken
mesh in 200mm, 100mm block work. (CM 1:3CM 1:4 respectively.)
 Height of masonry per day shall not be increased more than 1m.
 In 100mm block masonry, laying of 75mm screed at every 5th course.
 Curing of block work for 7 days.
 Measuring box to be used for proportioning of Cement Mortar as per the
specification.
 Refer services drawings and co-ordinate service locations
 Check each day’s work for Line, Levels and conformances to tolerances
 4.7.1 AAC BLOCKS

4.8PLASTERING WORKS:
Procedure:
 Sufficient lighting to be provided at night work
 All walkway platforms are 600mm (min.) and tied both sides
 Hack any exposed faces of concrete which form substrate for
plastering
 Fix all conduits, chases with chicken wire mesh 150mm wide
 Fix sub frames for all doors and window openings
 Prepare scaffold to ensure access to all locations. Ensure safety of
scaffolding and provide lighting of adequate intensity
  Fix plaster thickness reference by mortar pads with respect to sub-
frames using thread line
 Wet all substrate minimum of 2 hours before application of plaster
 Provide chicken mesh in double layer of 100mm wide wherever block
masonry joins with the concrete surface using U nails
 Use GI sheets at bottom for mixing the cement mortars and measuring
box for measuring the fine aggregate
 Making the grooves at the junction of concrete and masonry and as
per the architectural drawing
 Always stop a day's work at corner
 Follow the check list no.:26 for plastering work
4.9PLASTERING:

• It is process of cover rough walls and uneven surfaces in the construction

of buildings.

• To resist the weather conditions

• Protective and decorative coating of walls

• For interior walls gypsum plastering is used.

• Gypsum powder to water ratio 1.5:1

As per IS code:383

Zone-1:15-45(it is rejected)

Zone-2:45-60(Block work)

Zone-3:60-80(first coat of plastering)

Zone-4:80-100(second coat of plastering)Specific gravity of sand:2.65-2.67,

Density of sand:1600-1700kg/m
 CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
5.1 During the time of Internship we have learned how to execute our
theoretical aspects in a practical manner. It is invaluable in such a way before
going into the assigned occupations we can come to think about the viable
approach for the current site conditions. This is likewise valuable in such way,
how we could manage the on field conditions and with various agencies and
their respective clients for the fruitful finishing of the undertaking.

 We Learned how to study and analyze the plans.and execution of that

plan
 We Learned about all the safety precautions which we have to fallow
in the site
 We learned how to behave with superior officers
 Basically there will be a lot of difference between classroom and site,
keeping the similarities in between academic and practical in mind,
we learned many things in site

 Genarally in academic area there will be a plane area for levelling, but
in the site we had learnt levelling at different places where it is not a
plane area.
 CHAPTER-6
REFERENCES
1. As per IS 456:2000 we had tested the slump test and compressive test for
concrete.
2. We had followed MS SHETTY textbook of concrete technology for that.
3. As per IS383 we had done the test for sand which is to be used in
plastering.
4. As per IS: 3025 water should pass both chemical and physical test.
5. As per IS1786 we had tested tolerance’s for steel
6. As pre IS269 we had done physical and chemical test and compression
test for cement
7. As per IS2185 we had done compression test and water absorption test
for AAC blocks
8. These IS specifications and the total knowledge what we have are given
by site manager.