Lecture # 1

Principles of Heterogeneous Catalysis

CHE633A, First Semester 2021-22
 Instructor: Goutam Deo, FB455, e-mail: goutam@,
course alias: che633a@
 Teaching Assistants: Satyam Gupta, Jitendra Prabhakar, and
Rajvikram Singh

Bulk phase
3l, 4l,
`
Solid material 5l

Catalytic 7 6 pore 6l
Reactor 1 2 2l

3, 4,
A spherical catalyst
A porous catalyst showing a single
5
particle with pores
hypothetical pore
Conducting the course
 Classes: Tuesday and Thursday at 15:30 to 17:00
 Lectures: Start the course with online asynchronous lectures
Synchronous lectures will be schedule as per the class
timing and prior information will be given
 Quizzes: Will be announced and held during the class hours
given above (Tu and Th: 15:30 to 17:00)
 Discussion hour: Tuesday 15:30
 Homework and projects will be submitted on mooKIT
 Submitting a signed undertaking by 8th Aug, 2021 is a must
o Upload on mooKIT as your answer to Homework Undertaking
Course content
 Introduction and Historical Developments
 Definitions and Concepts
 Catalyst Preparation and Characterization
 Adsorption and Potential Energy Diagrams
 Kinetics and mechanisms
 Pore Structure and Surface Area
 Reaction and Diffusion in Catalysts (Large-scale reactors)
 Some Catalysts often used
o Supported Metal Catalysts
o Supported Metal-oxide Catalysts
 Project presentations (?)
Reactions and Catalytic reactions

Reaction rate is the rate at which the species looses their identity
 catalytic

Conversion
Non-catalytic

Time
Reaction rates revisited
The rate is
➢ a function of temp, press, conc and type of catalyst (if used)
2
➢ an algebraic equation, e.g., 𝑟𝑗 = −𝑘𝑖 . 𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑗 , this is called the rate law
o Other forms of the equation are possible
𝑑𝐶𝐴
➢ not a differential equation, e.g., rate is not
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐶𝐴
= −𝑟𝐴 used to calculate the rate for certain conditions
𝑑𝑡
𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒕
 Heterogeneous reactions, 𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝑪 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒛𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝑩 + 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒆(𝑷)
o More than 1-phase, reaction often occurs at the interface,
′ 𝑘.𝐶𝐶
−𝑟𝐶 =
1+𝐾𝐵 𝐶𝐵 +𝐾𝐶 𝐶𝐶
For gas-solid catalyzed reactions the rate is
often given in terms of partial pressures
𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑡
 For example, 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐶𝐻3 (𝑇) + 𝐻2 𝐶6 𝐻6 𝐵 + 𝐶𝐻4

𝑘𝑃𝐻2 𝑃𝑇
 The rate of toluene disappearance is given by −𝑟𝑇′ =
1+𝐾𝐵 𝑃𝐵 +𝐾𝑇 𝑃𝑇

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒆
 Where, 𝒌 is the rate constant having units of and
(𝒌𝒈−𝒄𝒂𝒕).(𝒔).(𝒌𝑷𝒂)𝟐

 𝐾𝐵 and 𝐾𝑇 are equilibrium (adsorption) constants, with units of (𝒌𝑷𝒂)−𝟏

A historical perspective on catalysis


Heterogeneous Catalysis, Fundamentals and Applications

JRH Ross
Catalytic oxidation – an important early development of
heterogeneous catalyst
In 1817 at the Royal Institution of London, Davy and Faraday showed
that air and goal gas (mixture of CO and H2) can combine without a
flame using a heated platinum wire
 Also with palladium but not with gold, silver, copper, iron and zinc
 Importance of platinum surface area shown by Edmond Davy for room
temperature oxidation of alcohol in 1820 by using finely divided metal
 Dobrenierused finely divided platinum (spongy material) to combine
hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature in 1823
 Dulong and Thenard showed this reaction to occur on palladium and
iridium at close to room temperature and on cobalt, nickel, rhodium,
silver and gold at slightly elevated temperatures