GEOLOGIC HAZARD

Geologic hazards are “geologic p

rocesses that may cause the loss of live
s, injuries, damage to property, social a
nd economic disruption as it may result
in the loss of livelihood, or environme
ntal damage” according to the United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reducti
on (UNISDR).
GEOLOGIC
When we say “geologic processe
s” we refer to phenomena involving
landforms, earth processes, earth-
structure interaction, change in slope,
or any movement of the earth, rocks, a
nd soil.
 These geologic hazards may also
destroy infrastructure; places where peo
ple work; thus, stopping the source of in
come of hundreds of people. Whenever
geologic hazards occur, there are social
and economic implications to the comm
unities within its locality.
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

1. Sudden geologic hazards

2. Slow geologic hazards
SUDDEN GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

When geologic hazards happen very quickly

and with little or no warning.

Sudden geologic hazards may be triggered

by heavy rainfall, or a disturbance in the soil
where it is already unstable.
LANDSLIDE
Landslide is a general term referring to
all types of surface movement, particularly
those involving the mass downhill movement
of soil, rock, or snow due to gravity, including
the landform that results from such movement.
 Landslides often travel a horizontal distance that
is at most twice the height from where the mate
-rial has fallen. In this way, geologists have an
idea of how far a landslide may reach and the
areas it can affect.

 The movement of the landslide involves the actu

al internal mechanics of how the landslide mass
is displace & Landslides can be categorized by
its movement into fall, topple, slide, spread, or fl
ow.
 FALL
 A fall occurs when soil or rocks abruptly detach from a steep slope
or cliff. The velocity of the freely-falling rock or soil is very fast, as
gravity acts upon it once the material detaches from the steep terrain.

 The material descends by falling, rolling, or bouncing when the falling

material strikes the lower slope at angles less than the angle of fall.
The falling material may also break into smaller fragments on impa
ct, then begin rolling until it comes to a complete stop when the terr
ain flattens.
FALL
 TOPPLE
Toppling is similar to a domino falling down when
it is resting on its narrow edge, or a Loaf of bread
that is being sliced on its width.

The landslide mass rotates forward and falls down

as a block. The block rotates outward from the slo
pe often due to heaviness in the material in the up
slope area especially during the rainy season.
TOPPLE
SLIDE

When a slide occurs, the slide material made up

of a rock or soil mass has a downslope movement
, and is separated from more stable underlying ma
terial. Horizontal layer where the slide material
is detached from the stable underlying material
is the distinct zone of weakness or surface of
rupture.
SLIDE
SPREAD
 The fourth type of landslide is the spread, which is an
example of a landslide often caused by soil liquefaction
or the general subsidence of a fractured rock or soil
mass into softer underlying material.
SPREAD
FLOW

A flow is the continuous movement of displaced mass,

resembling a viscous liquid. Often, a slide, which we ha
ve discussed earlier, changes into a flow, depending on
the water content, mobility, and evolution of the move
ment.
FLOW
CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES
The two main causes of landslides are natural and human-induce.
The natural causes of landslides are:
 volcanic eruptions;
 vibrations made by earthquakes;
 undercutting of cliffs and banks by waves; and
 the saturation of slope material from intense or prolonged rainfall
and seepage.
CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES
The human causes of landslides are:

• removal of vegetation;
• leaking pipes such as those for water and sewer;
• modification of slopes by the construction of roads
, railways, and buildings, among Others ;
• vibrations from heavy traffic, blasting, etc.
• overloading slopes;
• mining and quarrying activities; and
• excavation or displacement of rocks.
PREPARING FOR LANDSLIDES
Vulnerability to landslide hazards is determined by the following factors:
1. Location of an infrastructure
(in a steep slope, near a steep slope, or at the base of a mountain)

2. Type of human activity being done in the area and what it is used for,
(mining and quarrying; and frequency of landslide in the area historically)

Since landslides are very dangerous, it is not enough to know if

our residence, school, and office are located in a landslide-prone area or
not. We should be proactive, responsible citizens. We should be aware
on how to mitigate landslides and avoid becoming victims of landslides.
 Make an Infographic about the things that you should do to prepare for a land-
slide, during a landslide, and after a landslide.

Rubric:
3 POINTS: EXCEEDS 2 POINTS: MEETS 1 POINT: NEEDS WORK
EXPECTATIONS EXPECTATIONS
Topic/Purpose
Data
Layout
Color/Font
THANK YOU
PREPARED BY:
NICE F. GARCIA