ESRC OME COO ToKoM cBor xMBOTa cBakH OpraHHaM y NpocTOpy y KOjem MHBH HenpeKHAKO Cryna y pasnaunTe apcte onmoca C apyrim opranHamMma. OA NpHpORE THx OAHOCA 3aBHCH fla MH he KOHKpeTHH Opra~ vam yenerH fa ocrBapH cBe CBOje MHBOTHE aKTHBHOCTH Ochm Tora, aa 6H Morac Aa RHBH H NpexHeH, coaKH opraHNsam Mopa Aa Byze npHnarohen yenobnma cpennie Kojy Kacenava, Of CreneHa werove npharoheHocrH 3asvcH M ycnewiNocr ocrsa~ pHatba HeerOBix AKHBOTHHX aKTHBHOCTH. Flakne, wwBor coaKor opraniama onBHja Ce y BeoMa cNOMeHOM mpocTopy y KOjeM oH HenpeKK- ‘AMO Cryna y paanH¥nte ORHOCE Ca OCTANKM OpraHH3MHMa KOjM aHBE 3ajeAHO C HMM. A yereMHOCT verosor wnBoTa 32bHCK Of CreneHa HeroBe NPHNaroheHOcTH ¥ npocropy y wome muBH cBaKo mHBO Due je oxpyxeHO APyrHm HHBHM BRUNA, HeOTDANCKOM H ‘oprancxom marepujom 1 eneprnjom Cy#Nesor spaversa Hayxa Koja ce 6a6n npoyasarsem npypone ~npocropa y Kojem ce oAeja uAOT, 3a1HM Oftioca koji y npnpoan noctoje w3mehy KHaNXx Busha H cnomautbe CpeAHne, Kao H Hanna Wa KOjH Cy Ce ‘yaa 6uha npHnaroanaa pasmurim yonoBHMa crosauuse cpenMie HasHBa ce exOnOrHja. Haave exonornja jonasn of fpukHx pei Oikos, WTO 3HaMH ROM W logos, uITO sHaYH Hayka. Exonorija je way3erno cnoxena Hayka. Y 3a8HCHOCTH on OBjeKaTa H npoBnEMa KojaMa ce baBH oma ce pasepcrasa Ha peoma Benvkn Bpoj NocebHHX Hay'HNx AUCYANAAHA, Y onwocy Ha rpyny opraHisama Kojy Hay4aga, pasnaKyjy ce: © exonornja bumaka, gagegae re OcoduHe a acne mone. ) 3 x © exonoraja muxpooprannsama, C ducebek Cuter Pa © exonornja rea W J pesont ere, 4 ad © exonornja yovexa. Ly ifeg (peespogg? oO d ; Y onnocy Ha Apupogy xHBoTHe cpequiie, pasnmnyjy.ce: | Ueepiciyy gor Ad * exonornja konuene cpeanne, ( xpane “mene dossnaw) © exonornja mopcKe cpennne, oe © exonornja cnarkowonne cpeanue 4 Juicy CUOCO@HOLY Fe © KocmHuKa exonornja. [pee oy a gpm 10 Y optocy Wa HHBO opranaaunje, pasnnkyjy Ce: exiooaturre opegene ‘© exonornja sajennnua W exocucrema, | fever aeecksncelas C444 © nonynausona exonoruja H (waaay eaocoditoc ga Ce © exonornja apcra. iia pooureure Hache £p ; oeeo fry ( TOK Peak Vina kpajy, npema Kamen erpannaaisa, pasnukyjy ce: | Cpe /ey ( AOL * ocwosta exonornja m © npsmersewa exonarnja i)Ouyaana npupona H onHocn Kojn y Ho) ananajy npejweT cy HcTpamnearsa byhaamenranne exonarnje. Baniac exonoruja npeacraend jeahy of Hajatiavajaujnx npupogunx Hayxa. Ona gonash y ueHTap nankive 360r Tora WTO je YoBeK caOjaM HeraTHBHHM jlenoBaHKeM 3araqAO K HapyWHO NpOcrop y KojeM ce ogenja mugor Ha Hiawo) nnaHerH. Y MHOrMM AenOBHMA CeeTa yrpoxeH je oncraHak BenkKor Bpoja SunaKa w xnEoTHH, 2 CreneH 3araheHoctH je AOcTHraO TONHKH HBO Ala je H ONCTAHaK CaMOr YoBeKa aowenen y nurane, Ochosia exonowka canara 0 2akoHMTocTuma koje anagajy y mpoctopy y Kojem ce onanja xH~ Bor, Kao H CasHatba 0 HaYHHHMA npwnarohasawa 1 npexnsraza- tea oprannsama npencrasseajy HeonxonHy HaysHy OcHOAy 3a CaspemeHy 3awrary HBoTHE cpeaune. flakne, on crenewa OcHOBHHX eKONOWKHX aHaHoa 3a- BHcM M ebHKacHocr sawrATe mugorHe cpenuiie, na caMAM Tim u Byayhwocr. caepemene UWeKMNsauKje W KeanHTeT »H- sora reepauja Koje aonaze. ‘Ta Jarahene 4 napyuere npypone Mone 6urH ycneuNa jenn Ho yKONHKO je Basnpana Ha casHareuMa SpyHaamenTamHe eKonOrHjeCae CMOS EKOCHCTEM H XHBOTHA CPEQHHA 20 urTo je peveno, y npupogu musa Bitha He KHBE ycaMMeHO H HJONOBAHO OM MHBOTHE cpe- JK ime! koja Wx oxpyokyje, Cea wea Sha xMBe y Ppynama jegHKKH Koje npxnanajy ucrO| BpCTH, 3ajeaHO c MHOTOBpOjHHM jenHHKaMa APyr¥x Bpcra Baka, KUBOTHIbA, FMEA H ‘Mukpooprannaama. Y npocropy y Kojem »«HBe, ocHM ApyrMx aKnBHX Bitha, HanasH ce M MOWTRO PaanH¥ntHx oBnnKa HeMHBE MaTEPHje, KAO H PasMHsHTe BpcTe H KONMYHHe eHeprHje KeONXOAHE 3a MBOT CBaKOF OpraHHaMa Mpoctop y Kojem ce oasuja xKHBOT HazHBa ce EKOCHCTEM’: Y csakom exocucreny je ocr- BapeHo HEpacKngNso fennncTaD pasnnuntx apcra awBHx Buha, pasnnanrax oBnuKa HEKUEE Matepuje H pasnnuaTHx oBnnKa enepruje. EKo- cHcreMH Hcy ChysajHH ckynosH paanHuntix apcra KHBHx Buta, HexHBE MaTepHje H eHeprH- ‘ie, Koj y onpehenom npoctopy ersucrupajy He- 3aBHCHO jenHH OA Apyrax. OHM npenctasnajy najenwe HHBOE OpraHHsauNje mMiOOTa Ha 3e Mb, KOjH ¢>YHKUHOHMIY NO BEOMa ChoKeHHNM eKONOWIKHM 3aKOHMMAa H NPAHYAAAMA. EkocictemH Cy Bema cnoneHH 1 AHHaMH- ‘HH cHCreMH. OH noceayly HHS NoceBHAX CTpyk- TYPHHX H yHkyHONanHAx KapaKTepHctAKa no Kojnma ce jacto pasnikyjy of ocranhx npapog- hx cHcTema eninioky yicrycn | choo warepilo’ “al Ah Sajentnuke crpyerypHe n bysKynonane OCOBHHe eKocncTeMa TTiojaw exocucrema ce y paanmumin xnwirawa m yubennunna petbnsvive Ha panne Hauie, Medyti, CHaK2 OR THX espn HeTIve simbeHnuy Aa eKOCHCTeM npeacTaema HepackHAHEO jeAMHCTEO MiB H HERHBE NpHpON Ha Ce MNECT W WeroBa esonyunja anunjajy ynpaKo y eKacHcreMnMa KAO CreUAHNiM HHBOHMA OpraHiaunje MNaHX Bua Ka JEN CoBsupow na 10 Aa cea mnBa Dua coo} nioT ociBapyiy ¥ onpeReHAM ekocHcTeMKMa, MaKe ce 3aKAYYATH Ra NOjMOBH ‘ekocHCTeM H KHBOTHA CpeaHa, ¥ CYT, HAajy HeYO saderve‘il oe: i] ial \ ee. ees +e sé CrpyktypHe KapakTepucruke eKOCHCTEN, 738 Ceakn eKocHcrem capi MaibH Hnl Behn 6poj pasnH4nTHx eneMenara, KojH Ce Mory pasBpcras Twy ase ocwoeHe sennke rpyne, C jeave crpate ce Haase Heopralicka H Opralicka marepHja, Kao W\, paannuHtH KnMmatcKn cpaKTopH, a c apyre cpale — usa Guha Koja y4ecrByjy y H3rpaRioH eKOCH- ctema Tipoctop ca pasnmuitHm obnnyHMa HexHBe MaTepije # OnTOBapajyhHm KnAMaTCKHM KapaKre- pHCTHKaMa y eKonorHjn ce HasHBa Cranuure HH GHoron. Hacynpor Tome, cea KHEA BHha Koja MHBe y CAPEheHOM eKocHCTeMy HMajy 3ajemHHNKH Ha3HE KUBOTHa ZajeaHMua Hin BHOUeHO3a Aakne, coaxn exocucres je Harpahex of Hexwsor craHMuira H kuBOTHE 3ajenHAue. Ctanuute — 6voton Teno cnakor xHBor Buha rpame HCH OHH XEMHjcKH enemeHTH KOjM Ce Hanaze y HeXKHBO) NpHpo- | nM (YFREHMK, BOADHAK, KHCEOHHK, 2307, ochop H Ap.). ToTORO cB BHTANKH KHBOTHH ApoWecH ! 3anHce, TaKOhe, OA XeMHjCKHX je~HHelba H3 cnonauitse cpeaHHe (BOAA, yrmeH-AHOKCHA H Ap.). 360° Tora Of BpCTe H KONHYHHE HeKHBE MaTepHje y CTaHAUITY yMHOFOMe 3aBHCH KaKBe he KapaKre- | HCTUKe HAaTH H CaM eKOCHCTEN. Tlopen Hemuse marepHje, H KAHMATCKE NpHAKKe Koje snajajy y craNMuTy y seNKKO} MepA onpetyjy koje he epcre xHaHx Guha MohM la'yhy y cacTaB BHOUeHO3e, OAHOCHO eKOCHCTEMa. )KuBotua 3ajequuua — Suoyeno3a {| HeKHBE NPHPoRe, AAKne, y 3aBMCHOCTA OM KapaKTepACTHKa CraHHWITa, | cbopmupatie cy paannunte MiBoTHE aajenHMle y YHjM CacraB ynase | najpasnnustaje spcre SunaKa, KHEOTHILA, HHA M MHIKpOOpraHHsa- ti] ma. Lllro cy pasnike y KapakrepHcTHama crasnuita aehe, To cy # cactae 1 npipoga SuoyeHo3e pasnHsHtAjH. Mehytrs, Be2 obaxpa wa KapaxTepHcraKe cra | nuwta 4 8poj paannsitax epcra BumaKa, mH | Borwiba, rmuiga 4 MHKpoOpraHH3aMa Koje ynase y acta BuoueHo3e, COM YNAHOBH MHBOTHE 3aje/~ | HMUe Cy, Npema HaYHHY HCxpaHe, yBeK pa- | BBpCTaH y TpA OCHOBHE PyHKYHOHANHE Fpyne: | npoussohaw, norpowasa 4 pasnaraun. Mpo- wazohasn cy opratnamH cnocoBun na camocran- } HO nponseone xpaxy Kojy KOpHcre 3a cBoje | auBorke dynKuje. Morpowaya cy opraa¥smi Koja y caojoj Hcxpanu Kapucre rorose oprascKe | marepuje BumaKa M apyrax xneHx Bia, Pa- sara cy opraiH3Mi Koj y cBojoj HcxpaHH KOpHcTe pasie yrniyne oprannsme WiM HHXOBe onbawene nenose. Tpowssohaw#, norpowawn # pasnarasn y MHBOTHO] 2ajeqHHUN He Mory mHBeTH jenHi Bes \— ¥ caakom KonueHoM exocucreMy 2ajenno muoe aanwwure spcre SkmaKa (npoHsBohavH), sxnBoTHtea (NOTpOWAYH) H CBA (pasnara¥n).Ae OS apyriix. Kao uTo KHBOTHILE He Mory Aa KHBe Bes BHMaka, TaKO HM BH”BKe He Mory MuBeTH Ges rmnaa H Bakrepija, a ruse H Baktepnje He Mory KuBeTH Ges GHaKa H MHOOTHIGA. [pema ToMe, Aa BH Svouevio3a morna Aa oncrale, ona Mopa Aa Byne H3rpahena on npeactasniKa cee Tp fpyne opra- HH3aMa — nponssoha4a, NoTpowaya H paznaraya, KOjM HCKRY4HEO sajeqNAUKHM paloM creapajy yenose 3a KHBOT H oncralak BHOYeHO3e Kao YenHe. @yukyHoHanHe KapaKTeEpHCTHKe eKOCHCTeMa Y ceaom exocucremy cy Hameby xvBHx Buha 4 WsHXOBe HEMHBe CpeaHHe ycnocTaBmeHe MHOrO- Gpojre sese H ogNocH Kpo3 Koje ce ocrsapyjy OCHOBHH eKONOWKH NpouecH Bes KOjHX MUMBO He BH uo moryh Hamehy akneix Oitha y eKocucremy ycnocrasmajy ce pasnnunte epcre onnoca, Mey Kojuma cy OaHocH Hcxpane ceakaKo Waj3auajiija, Pasnn4nre rpyne OpraHh3ama y eKocHcTeMy xpane ce Ha paanuunre HauHHe, an Cy CBA MehycoBHO Tako NosesaHH Aa jenn Bes apyrix He mory Aa wHBE. Y MPOUECHMA HcXpaHe TOKOM BpeMeHA AoNa3H AO CranHor Kpyetba MaTepHje HaMehy Su/aKa, KHBOTHIGA, FmeHlBa H MHKPOOpraHHaama. ¥ ceaKoM exocHcTeMy CTanwo HeKo HeKora jeae, H CranHo HeKo of HeKora Buea nojenen Cea xupa Bitha y exocucremy 3a Ceoje HOT te norpeBe KOpHcTe OHO TO Ce HaNasH y HHXO- bom cranurry. Kag Bk Ce Bona, KHCEOHHK, yrHeH- “AWOKCHA H APYTH OBNHUK HeNKHBe MaTepHje KO- pucrini Ges obHaamatsa, p30 64 Bunn norpowe- hu, 360r Tora MOTH MpouecH y npHpoaK HMajy Kpy)KHH TOK. Crania pasmeHa Matepuje Hameby Bazayxa, seme, vone H KHBHX Ba y eKocH- cremuMa oneija ce y npoyecMa 738. BHoreoxe- MujeKHx unKayca Canm musi Guha je 3a pact, pasmHona- Balke, Kperatbe 4 OcTane #HBOTHE NpOYeCe HEON: xoana eneprija. Useop te enepruje je Cynue. Cynueay eneprijy Kopicre aenene BrnKe aa 5H y npouecy cporocnrese creopune xpany Kojy y a AarwwM OBOCKMa HCXpaHe KOpHCTe CBM OcraNH | Kepaeine warenile ¥ npormuatse e#ePriie or auuau y eKOcHcTeMy. Pa3tPanwoM xpaHle y ajcnewndwsnuja cy ocoBHua exocucremacE oo g meraBonnuKum npoueckma ocnoBaha ce ogpehena wonnynna exepruje, a ona ce jeaHHm fericay | itt npereapa y Tonnory Koja vanyuira ekocHcTeM, Naxne, evepryja y OBnAKy CyH¥esor spaversa naan \ Yy eKOCHCTEM, a H3 era HanaaH y OBnHKY TonnoTe. Oxaj sHavajan eKoNOWIKH NpoueC HasHea Ce MPO- | i “Tuyatse H Tpaviccbopmaunja enepraje y eKocucreny. ‘ ‘Och Kpyeia MaTepije H MpoTayakka eHepraje, CAakH EKOCHCTEM HMa jou Abe Boma 3HavajHe } ébynikunowanse KapaxrepHcraxe. C jenve crpaie, ceakh exocucrem nocenyje BeoMma cbMne Maxa- 1 hvwame caMoperynayuje KojH My omoryhyjy Aa y AYroM apemeHckom epHoay, Bes ob3Kpa Ha yTH- tiaje v3 OKpymersa, 0 wa8ecvee Mepe OAP'KH HenpoMerteH cacras caoje BHO\eHORe, C APyre crpaHe, | | | i) oak eKOCHCTeM HMa CnOCOBHOCT H Aa Ce Pa3BAja, OAHOCHO Aa NoBehasa Bpoj waHoBa cBoje BHO- il eno3e, H ja ycnoxkasa onNOCe H NPOUECE KOjH Y HeMy Bnanajy. Ha Kpajy, eKoCHCTEMH ce Hana3e H y crantom npowecy esonyunje. ¥ npHpoaM ce KoKCTaHTHO Aewasa Aa TOKOM Ayror speMmeHa AONASH ‘ho pasaoja Buouenose Hi BHoTOna, a caMHM THM H AO NpHpOAHOT NpenacKa jenHor eKocHcreMa Y pyri. 1. Oraopeno jesepo oBpacrajy moweapne Bunce, eS ‘Apache pacry #a rospuintin xoja je ewan 6vna jesepo. 2, Jexepo nocraje (| nnnhe, @ movsapa ce wns. i Y roxy ayror epenena esonyunje jesepcxw exocucrem he npehi y KonHent {| ‘Onwocn nexpane, Kpyxemse Matepije, BHOreoXeMHjcKH UNKAYCH, npoTAUarbe eHEPrHje, CaMO- 1 perynaunja, paseo] # esonyunja npeactasnajy cywTHHcKe W yaek npicytHe dbyHKunoHantHe KapaK TepHctHke ceaKor eKocucTena ~ Bes OB3Mpa Ha TO y KOM feny nnaHeTe ce OH HanasHo.