Medi-Caps University

BEEE Project

Smart Water Irrigation System

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Yogesh Pyasi Sarthak Nahar (EN18EL301164)

Sateesh Patel (EN18EL301165)

Shalja Shroff (EN18EL301166)

Shamani Sharma (EN18EL301167)

Branch: Electronics Communication

Section: ‘C’
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to

my teacher Mr. Yogesh Pyasi Sir who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Smart
Water Irrigation System, which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I came to know about so many new
things and I am thankful to them.

Secondly I would like to thank my team for showing me

support and helping me in equal share to make this project
practically possible.
 INDEX
Topic Page No.
Introduction 1-2
Objective 3
Apparatus 4
Theory 5-9
Principle 10
Procedure 11
Result 12
Conclusion 13
Precautions 14
Future Scope 15
Application 16
 INTRODUCTION

Automatic plant watering systems have proved to be a boon for

those, who lack time for watering plants manually. Read on to
know more about the various aspects of automatic plant
watering systems.

Nowadays, there are very few homes which do not have plants,
both indoor and outdoor ones. There are many plant enthusiasts,
who keep on buying different varieties and end up with no time
to take care of those plants. One of the main aspects of plant
care is watering, which has to be done regularly for healthy
growth of plants. While some people get fed up with manual
watering, others do not have enough time for this task.
Automatic watering systems can be of immense help to such
people. You can either make some simple homemade automatic
plant watering systems or purchase the best suited one from the
wide range of systems available in the market. Scroll down for
more information about automatic plant watering system. 
 As you know that by installing an automatic watering system,
you can do away with the task of watering plants manually.
There are various types of automatic plant watering systems,
which store water and supply the plants with the required
amount of water. These types vary from simple ones to most
sophisticated systems and you have to choose the best suited one
for your plants. There are many types of watering systems,
designed for both indoor and outdoor potted plants as well
as flower gardens. In short, such system takes care of the water
requirements of plants and totally eliminates manual watering.

Objective
 From this project we provide a new technology for
automation of agriculture field. Also avoid the waste of water
which occurs in the older irrigation system. From this project we
can reduce the manpower. The Project presented here waters
your plants automatically and regularly when you are out for
vacation.
 Apparatus

 TRANSFORMER
 BRIDGE RECTIFIER
 CERAMIC CAPACITOR (FILTER)
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 TRANSISTORS
 RESISTOR
 MOISTURE SENSOR
 RHEOSTAT(VARIABLE RESISTOR)
 COMPARATOR( IC OP-AMP LM324)
 DIODE
 RELAY
 ELECTICAL MOTOR
 Theory
The project presented here waters your plants regularly when
you are out for vocation .the circuit comprises sensor parts. Op-
amp is configured here as a comparator. And electromagnetic
moisture sensor is inserted into soil to measure the moisture
level in soil.

Comparator compares the voltage levels from sensor and

reference values. If moisture levels is low than reference value
then it produces a dc signal and it passed to transistor, this
transistor send a signal to relay. Relay activates the motor to run
and supply water to the plant.

Now moisture level increases than the reference value then

comparator gives another signal to transistor. Then transistor
stops the signal flow to the relay. Now relay stops the electrical
motor. This process is continuous to give healthy watering to the
plant.

In this way we can control the water flow to a plant.

 1. TRANSFORMER
Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various electronic
equipment and these voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these
voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus the a.c input available
at the mains supply i.e., 230V is to be brought down to the
required voltage level. This is done by a transformer. Thus, a
step down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a
required level.

2. BRIDGE RECTIFIER

The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It

converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. The rectifier may be a half
wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is
used because of its merits like good stability and full wave
rectification.

3. CERAMIC CAPACITOR (FILTER)

Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples

from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output
received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and
load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is
varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes. Therefore a
regulator is applied at the output stage.

4. VOLTAGE REGULATOR

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to

automatically maintain a constant voltage level. It may use an
electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic
components. Depending on the design, it may be used to
regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.

5. TRANSISTORS

A transistor is a semi conductor device commonly used to

amplify or switch electronic signals. A voltage or current
applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the
current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the
controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling

(input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.

 6. RESISTOR
A resistor is a device which opposes the flow of current. In a
circuit often it is used to protect the devices like LED etc,.

7. MOISTURE SENSOR
Soil Moisture Sensor Probes
Our high frequency series soil moisture sensor probes
enable precise low cost monitoring of soil water content. 
Because our probe measures the dielectric constant of the
soil using transmission line techniques, it is insensitive to
water salinity, and will not corrode over time as does
conductivity based probes. Our probes are small, rugged,
and low power.

8. RHEOSTAT
A rheostat is an electrical component that has an adjustable
resistance. It is a type of potentiometer that has two terminals
instead of three. The symbol for a rheostat is a resistor symbol
with an arrow diagonally across it. They are used in many
different applications, from light dimmers to the motor
controllers in large industrial machines.
 9. DIODE

A Diode is a two terminal electronic component that conducts

electric current only in one direction. The most common
function of a diode is to allow an electric current in one direction
(called the forward direction) while blocking current in the
opposite direction (the reverse direction).

10. RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an

electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically,
but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used
where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal
(with complete electrical isolation between control and
controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled
by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance
telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one
circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used
extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to
perform logical operations.
 11. ELECTICAL MOTOR

It is used to supply water to plants. An electric motor converts

electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors
operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-
carrying conductors to generate force. The reverse process,
producing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is done by
generators such as an alternator or a dynamo; some electric
motors can also be used as generators, for example, a traction
motor on a vehicle may perform both tasks. . Electric motors
and generators are commonly referred to as electric machines.
 Principle

Soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to detect the soil
moisture content. This sensor has two outputs like the analog
output as well as the digital output. The digital o/p is permanent
and the analog o/p threshold can be changed. The working
principle of soil moisture sensor is open & short circuit concept.
 Procedure

 Take a Brown PCB Board.

 Attach 2 wire switches on it so that we can connect one
with motor and another one with a 12A adapter.
 Attach a transistor to convert 220V to 5V.
 Attach a capacitor next to it so that it can filter impurities.
 Attach a rectifier to convert AC to DC.
 Attach a capacitor to store 5V DC.
 Attach a IC to capacitor, so it can give some constant
output to relay.
 Attach a rheostat to IC and adjust current to 2V.
 Directly connect soil moisture sensor to rheostat.
 Connect relay with soil moisture sensor and IC
 If sensor turns on, motor will start, else it will not start.
 Result

In result we can see when soil is wet the pump stops and when
soil is dry pump starts working
 CONCLUSION

Even commercial watering systems come in various

types. There are stand-alone systems, which come with
pots, water reservoirs, etc. The water reservoirs too, are
available in different designs and patterns. Such systems
may or may not have timers. These systems take care of
the water requirements of individual plants. There are
multiple plant watering systems that can take care of a
certain number of plants, simultaneously. These systems
constitute water tanks, pipes that supplies water from the
tank to individual plants and drips attached to the end of
each pipe. For a garden, sprinkler and drip systems with
timers are available. In some sophisticated ones, even
ground sensors are used, so that watering will be done,
whenever, the ground gets dry. While some of watering
system works on battery power, some others use power
from the mains. There are simple ones too, that work
under gravity. Each type of plant watering system has its
own features, which have to be understood, before
investing on it. Select the one, which is best, suited for
your requirement.
 Precautions

 Make sure to do Right connections.

 Make sure not to rub sensor on any surface because it is
sensitive.
 Adjust rheostat correctly, if it is not set correctly device
will not work.
 Use ammeter to check current flow is proper.
 Future Scope

In India 70% people doing farming. This project helps the

farmer to overcome the drawbacks of traditional irrigation
system. From this project we provide the new technology for
farmer to improve the quality of their irrigation system. This
project helps those farmers which do not have sufficient water
for their farming.
 Application

This device can be used in:

 Roof Gardens
 Lawns
 Agriculture Lands
 Home Gardens