EEE – 231

Electronics-I
Lab # 06: Current and Voltage Characteristics of Npn/Pnp
Transistors

Name: Muhammad Souban Javaid

Roll No: FA20-BEE-146
Section: 3C
Submitted to: Sir Khurram Ali
Date: 15-11-2021
Equipment and Materials:
• Two 2N3904 npn transistor
• Breadboard
• Two 2N3906 pnp transistor
• Digital Multimeter
• 1N914 (or 1N 4148) diode
• Resistors (1/4 W)
• 0-15V dc power supply
• 1 kΩ, 560 kΩ
• 1 MΩ potentiometer
• Two 2N3904 npn transistor
• Breadboard

In-Lab
Experiment with NPN Transistor
Section 1

Ohmmeter
Step Number + - Result
1 Base Emitter Low
2 Emitter Base High
3 Base Collector High
4 Collector Base Low
5 Collector Emitter Low
6 Emitter Collector Low
Table-1: Data for NPN Transistor

Section 2
Figure-1. 2N3904 Transistor
 Transistor-1 (2N3904)
Parameter Measured Value Expected Value
Ib 24.8uA 25uA
Ic 2.51mA 2.5mA
βdc 101.2 100
Vb 1.12V 0.798V
Vce 12.49V 12.4V
Table-2
The above table summarizes all of the measurements and calculations made at various sites in the
circuit.

Calculated Values Measured Values

Condition Ic Vce Ic Vce
Saturation 15mA 0.017V 13.23mA 0.017V
Cut Off 0.0014 A 13.57V 0.0014 A 13.76V
Active Region
Table-3
The conditions/response of the transistor in different portions are shown in this table.

Experiment with PNP Transistor

Section 1

Ohmmeter
Step Number Result
+ -
1 Base Emitter Low
2 Emitter Base High
3 Base Collector Low
4 Collector Base High
5 Collector Emitter Low
6 Emitter Collector Low
Table-4: Data for PNP Transistor

Section 2
Figure-2. 2N3906 Transistor
 Transistor-1 (2N3906)
Parameter Measured Value
Ib 0.1mA
Ic 0.1mA
βdc 1
Vb 3.1V
Vce 0.6V
Table-5
The above table summarizes all of the measurements and calculations made at various sites in the
circuit.

Calculated Values
Condition Ic Vce
Saturation 0.015A 0.8mV
Cut Off 0.05A 0.1mV
Active Region 0.6 A 1.2mV
Table-6
The conditions/response of the transistor in different portions are shown in the table above.
Design Problems
• To achieve VCE=0.5 Volt, what should be the value of RB and RC in the circuit given above?

To achieve VCE=0.5 Volt, the value of RB and RC in the circuit given above should be 97632Ω and
1KΩ respectively.

• What will be the effect of varying RB on VBE? Show the variation graphically {(RB) Vs. (VBE)}.
Critical Analysis / Conclusion: I explained how to use an ohmmeter to test npn and pnp
transistors in this experiment. I built a dc load line and confirmed the voltages and currents in a
base-biased circuit. Using Vce measurements, I was able to identify a shorted and open transistor.

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