PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT
CLASS XII A

TOPIC: “MINI TESLA COIL “

SUBMITTED TO:
MR. HEMENDRA PRAJAPATI SUBMITTED BY:
Mohammad Madni Memon
(DEPT. OF PHYSICS)

(ROLL NO.: )
CERTIFICATE

This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work has
been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily done by, anuj dhariwal a student of class 12th A under the Roll
no.-XXXX for the academic session 2019-2020, Regarding the investigatory
project entitled " MINI TESLA COIL ". For Physics Department under direct
supervision of the undersigned as per the requirement for the Board
Examination in partial fulfillment of physics practical examination conducted
by AISSCE.

________________________ _________________________ ____________________________

Internal Examiner Principal External Examiner
 Date: …………………………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr.

Hemendra Prajapati, who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project of Physics on " MINI TESLA COIL ", who also helped me in
completing my project. I came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them. Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

ANUJ DHARIWAL
Name of student
 Class XII A

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled “ MINI TESLA COIL “
Submitted to Department of Physics, The Omni School, Indore (M.P.) is
prepared by me. All the results are of my personal efforts.
 ANUJ DHARIWAL
Class XII A

INDEX

S.NO TOPIC Page no.

.
1. Certificate of excellence
2. acknowledgement
3. Declaration
4. Title page
5. Abstract
Introduction
History
6. Applications of tesla coil
7. main components of tesla coil
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Magnetic wire
On/off switch
8. How to build mini tesla coil
Material required
Working of tesla coil
Circuit diagram
Winding of the secondary coil
procedure
9. Working principle used in mini tesla coil
 Faradays law of magnetic induction
Magnetic flux
10. References

111 bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
A tesla coil is a two stage transformer which is high
voltage, high frequency, power generator. Primarily
built for conducting experiments and to observe
phenomenon associated with alternating electricity.
With this coil. Tesla was able to generate voltages
of such magnitude; they shoot out of the apparatus as
bolts of lightning.
 History
About 100 years ago Nikola tesla invented
his “tesla coil”.
Tesla invented his tesla coil with the
intention of transmitting electricity through the
air
Transmission of electrical energy from
power source to an electrical load without using
wires.
Nikola tesla
The Tesla Coil is a machine for generating extreme high voltages.
It's sort of like the Van De Graff generator, but much more
powerful. When you fire it up, the shiny donut/sphere-shaped part
on top is energized with about 500,000 volts of high-frequency
current. The Tesla coil uses high-frequency transformer action
together with resonant voltage amplification to generate potentials
in the range of tens to hundreds, or even thousands of kilovolts.

About 100 years ago Nikola Tesla invented his "Tesla Coil". Tesla
invented his coil with the intention of transmitting electricity
through the air. He conducted much research in this area. He
purposed using a few coils spread across the globe to transmit
electrical energy through the earth. Wherever power was needed
one would need only a receiving coil to convert the power into a
useful form.

Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in spark gap radio

transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in
electrotherapy and pseudo medical devices such as violet ray.
Today, their main use is entertainment and educational displays
Tesla coils or resonant transformers of high frequency and high
potential have been used in many commercial applications; the
only variation being the high voltage is used to produce an effect
other than a spark. Although not all commercial applications for
Tesla coils are still in use some historical and modern day
applications including:-
Spark gap radio transmitters
Induction and dielectric heating (vacuum tube & spark gap types)
Induction coils (differ only in the transformer core material being
used)
Medical X-ray devices (typically driven by an induction coil)
Quack medical devices (violet-ray)
Ozone generators
Particle accelerators
Electrical stage shows & entertainment
Generation of extremely high voltage with relatively high power
levels
RESISTOR: A resistor is a component that opposes a
flowing current (A resistor of 22k resistance is used in the project). Every
conductor has a certain resistance if one applies a potential difference V at
the terminals of a resistor, the current I passing through it is given by:

[I=V/R]
This formula is known as Ohm’s Law. The SI unit of resistance is Ohm
(Ω). One can show that the power (in J/s) dissipated due to a resistance is
equal to:

P=VI
Capacitor: A Capacitor is a component that can store energy in
the form of an electric field. Less abstractly, it is composed in its most
basic form of two electrodes separated by a dielectric medium. If there is
a potential difference V between those two electrodes, charges will
accumulate on those electrodes: a charge Q on the positive them.
An electrical field therefore arises between them. If both of the electrodes
carry the same amount of charge, one can write:

[Q=CV]

Inductor: An inductor stores the energy in the form a magnetic

field. Every electrical circuit is characterized by a certain inductance.
When current flows within a circuit, it generates a magnetic field B that
can be calculated from Maxwell- Ampere’s law:
Magnetic wire: Magnet wire or
enameled wire is a copper or aluminum wire coated
with a very thin layer of insulation. It is used in the
construction of transformers, inductors, motors,
speakers, hard disk head actuators, electromagnets, and other applications
which require tight coils of wire. The wire itself is most often fully
annealed, electrolytic ally refined copper. An aluminum wire must have
1.6 times the cross sectional area as a copper wire to achieve comparable
DC resistance. Due to this, copper magnet wires contribute to improving
energy efficiency in equipment such as electric motors

Battery: An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more

electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical
energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative
terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the
electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery
to perform work.
Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and
discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during
discharge. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and
 recharged multiple times; the original
compositions of the electrodes can be restored
by reverse current

On/off switch: ON/OFF switch is used to on or off the

power supply in the circuit. A simple on/off switch is
being used in the model.
Materials Required:

1. PVC Pipe
2. Insulated Wire
3. Wire
4. PN2222 Transistor
5. 22K Ohms Resistance
6. 9V 6F22 Battery
7. Snapper
8. ON-OFF Switch
9. Card Board.
10. LED
11. CFL Lamp
12. Vero Board
13. Solder Wire Fig-1. Shows the circuit diagram of a mini Tesla
COIL
Working of a Tesla coil:
Before we start building the Tesla coil, it is very important to know how it
works. Only then, we will be able to build and debug one successfully.
The Tesla coil works with the principle of Electromagnetic Induction.
According to which, when a conductor is placed under a varying
magnetic field, a small current will be induced inside the conductor. For a
Tesla coil, this conductor will be called as the secondary coil and the
varying magnetic field will be produced by the primary coil by passing an
oscillating current through the primary coil.

It might sound a bit confused, but let us proceed with the circuit diagram
where things will be made much clear.

Circuit Diagram:
The circuit diagram of Mini Tesla Coil Project given below is very
simple. So let us understand how it works and learn how to build it. The
main component in this circuit is the secondary coil (golden color), which
is made by winding a magnetic wire (enameled) around a cylindrical
object (any non-conductive object will work).
A high current high frequency transistor like 2N2222 is used to
supply current through the primary coil (violet color). A 9V battery as
shown above powers the whole set up. The positive end of the battery
reaches the collector of Transistor through the primary coil, and the
emitter is grounded. This means that whenever the transistor conducts,
current is flown through the primary coil. The LED diode and one end of
the secondary coil is also connected to base of transistor to make the
circuit oscillate, this way the transistor will send a oscillating current into
primary coil. If you want get more technical and learn how the current
oscillates, we can Google for “Slayer Exciter

Circuit
So, with this arrangement we have a primary coil, which will have an
oscillating current, and hence will produce a carrying magnetic flux
around it. Now, this coil is wound around the secondary coil and hence a
according to law of electromagnetic induction a voltage will be induced in
the secondary coil. Since the number of turns in the secondary coil is very
large than primary coil, this voltage will be a very high voltage and hence
this coil will have a very strong electric flux around it that is powerful
enough to glow normal CFL bulbs and is used in Wireless Power
Transmission.
Winding the Secondary Coil:
One very important step in this project is winding the secondary coil. It is
a time consuming process and hence do not rush ourselves in this part.
First, we will need a magnetic coil, which is also called as enameled coil
wire. These wires can be found inside relays coils, transformers and even
motors. We can either reuse one or buy ourselves a new one. The thinner
the wire is the better the results will be.
Once we are ready with the magnetic wire, we will need a cylindrical
object. The only rule while selecting this object is that it should not be
conductive, we can select PVC pipes, cardboard roll or even stack 4-5 A4
sheets together and roll them up. The diameter of the cylinder can be
anywhere between 5cm to 10cm, and the length should be at least 10cm.
The longer the object is more number of turns it can fit in.
After getting the coil and cylindrical object, it is time to start the winding
process, just wind few turn and use a tape to secure the winding initially
and then proceed with the complete winding. Make sure we follow the
below tips while winding
1. Wind the coils as close as possible
2. Do not overlap one coil turn over another
3. Try to get a minimum of 150 turns; a value of 300 turns will be
typically good.
Procedure:
• Take one PVC pipe nearly 5-6 inch length and make one solenoid
using the insulated copper wire (33 no,).
• Turns will be nearly 600 to 700 for better result and one end is to be
connected to the base of the transistor as shown in the figure.

Fig 3 shows the materials required for the

experiment.
• Take one wire and make the primary coil (3 turns only). Connect one
LED in reverse bias.
• Complete the circuit as shown in the diagram.
• Switch ON the circuit and hold a CFL lamp near the coil.
• Lamp will glow without and direct connection.
• If it does not works change the direction of the primary coil
Faradays law of magnetic induction:

“The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is equal to the

negative of the time rate of the magnetic flux enclosed by the circuit”
According to which, when a conductor is placed under a varying
magnetic field, a small current will be induced inside the conductor. For
tesla coil this conductor will be called as the secondary coil and the
varying magnetic field will be produced by the primary coil by passing an
oscillating current through the primary coil.
Magnetic flux:
Magnetic flux is the number of magnetic field lines passing through a
closed surface (such as a conducting coil).

How to make a mini tesla coil

https://circuitdigest.com/electroniccircuit
https://nroer.gov.in/desk/file/readDoc/5c9487df16b51c01e420bb20/
Build%20a%20Mini%20Tesla%20Coil.pdf
Experiment:
https://www.youtube.com/simotivations
Working principle and future scope of tesla coil :
https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/innovationday-
170506212128.pdf?response-content-
disposition=attachment&Signature=1Zw6JQcI05u3Mw1hIwyw59N
k%2BT0%3D&Expires=1509636928&AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ6
D6SEMXSASXHDAQ
Tesla coil – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_coil
How mini tesla coil works ?/electronics-quora
https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-mini-Tesla-coil-works
Design of tesla coil – report- slide share

https://www.slideshare.net/abinashchoudhury/tesla-coil-report
How to make miniature tesla coil 3 steps with picture
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make-a-Miniature-Tesla-Coil