Meeting the needs of all learners

SPEECH DISORDERS

Álvaro Pizarro, Camila Tapia, Alexis Valladares

 What is rhotacism?
Rhotacism is a speech
impediment that is defined
by the lack of ability, or
difficulty in pronouncing the
sound R.
The word rhotacism comes
from the New Latin rhotacism

RHOTACISM
meaning peculiar or
excessive use of [r].

Why is the most difficult

sound?
There are actually 32
different /r/ allophones and
21 different /r/ phonemes.
 Symptoms

Trying to hide the When it’s time to seek some sort of

impediment by avoiding speech therapy?

words with R’s in them.

1. The child is feeling frustrated.
2. The speech is difficult to understand.
An overall inability to say R
3. The child's speech is a source of
sounds. amusement or/and teasing from others.

4. The child is older than the recommended

age where articulation disorders generally
Using trilled R’s or guttural
tend to subside.
R’s.

 What is sttutering?
Is a language disorder
characterized by repetition
of sounds, syllables, or
words; prolongation of
sounds; and interruptions in
speech known as blocks.

STUTTERING Causes of stuttering

Abnormalities in speech
motor control.
Developmental stuttering.
Genetics
Neurogenic stuttering
(happens after a stroke,
traumatic brain injury, or
other brain disorders).
 SYMPTOMS
01 02 03 04 05

Adding a sound Repeating Changing the Not finishing a Repeating

or word, called phrases. words in a thought. whole words.
an interjection.
sentence, called

revision. "Well well, I
"He is–he is 4 "His name is
"I um need to
don’t agree
years old." . . . I can't
go home." "I had–I lost my

remember." with you."

tooth."

Sttutering may be accompanied by:

Rapid eye blinks

Tremors of the lips or jaw
Facial tics
Head jerks
Frustration or tension
 What is lisping
Speech-language
pathologists / speech and
language therapists usually
use the term 'lisp' to refer to
a difficulty achieving the
correct tongue position when
pronouncing the /s/ and /z/

LISPING
sounds.
There are 4 types.

Causes of lisping

It is caused by wrong tongue

placements in the mouth,
which obstructs the air flow,
causing the distortion of
words and syllables.
Interdental/frontal lisp
The tip of the tongue protrudes
between the front teeth, that is,
it obstructs the airflow.
Consequently, the /s/ and the /z/
sounds in words tend to be
vocalized as /θ/.

Palatal lisp

The tongue is place in the sof palate.

When attempting to produce the /s/
and /z/ sounds will closely mimic the
production of an /h/.
 Lateral lisp
The tongue position for a lateral
lisp is very close to the normal
position for /l/ and the sound is
made with the air-flow directed
over the sides of the tongue.

Dental lisp

Similar to the frontal lisp, but the

individual pushes their tongue
against the front teeth.
 Tips

Rhotacism Stuttering Lisping

As teachers, we need to talk
Teaching a general slowly and clearly.
understanding of the Reading aloud in unison with a
articulators using peer.
Encourage turn-taking
mouth models.
Teaching a general
understanding of the
articulators using
mouth models.
Using a mirror when the

Adjust the activities

if the
Drilling
child says "silly
student is having a rough day.
Rhyming games syllables"
Motivate the students.
Create a "Progress
(minimal pairs, rhyming Do not try to complete the
child's sentences. chart"
poems, etc)
Speak in a slow and relaxed Do not try to correct, for
Reading aloud manner. it does not affect
Regulate breathing. intelligibility.
 REFERENCES

Diagnosing tic disorders. (2017).cdc.gov/ncbddd/tourette/diagnosis.html

Psychotherapy. (n.d.).nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy
Tic disorders. (2017).aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-
Guide/Tic-Disorders-035.aspx
M. Courtenay (2014, April 14). Exploring the /R/ Sound in Articulation Disorders.
https://www.speechbuddy.com/blog/speech-therapist/exploring-the-r-sound-in-
articulation-disorders/
G. Jacky (2012, May 1). Understanding Palatal
Lisps.https://www.speechbuddy.com/blog/speech-disorders/understanding-palatal-
lisps/