Exercise 1

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
EXERCISE 1
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jan 23 09:56:02 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: SYSTEM
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(ID UNIQUE,NAME VARCHAR(20));
CREATE TABLE EMP(ID UNIQUE,NAME VARCHAR(20))
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02263: need to specify the datatype for this column
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(ID NUMBER(4) UNIQUE,NAME VARCHAR(20));

Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO TABLE EMP(1,"TONU");
INSERT INTO TABLE EMP(1,"TONU")
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00903: invalid table name
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(1,"TONU");
INSERT INTO EMP(1,"TONU")
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(1,"TONU");
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(1,"TONU")
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00984: column not allowed here
SQL> INSERT INTO TABLE EMP VALUES(1,'TONU');

INSERT INTO TABLE EMP VALUES(1,'TONU')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00903: invalid table name
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(1,'TONU');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(2,'PRATIK');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3,'JEET');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3,'RAKESH');
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3,'RAKESH')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C009993) violated

SQL> SHOW TABLE;
SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "TABLE"
SQL> SHOW EMP;
SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "EMP"
SQL> SELECTT *FROM EMP;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "SELECTT *F..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> select *from emp;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 TONU
2 PRATIK
3 JEET
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(323456,'JEET')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01438: value larger than specified precision allowed for this column
1 row created.
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(32344,'JEET')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01438: value larger than specified precision allowed for this column
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((32,'JEET'),(5,'x'));
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((32,'JEET'),(5,'x'))
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((7,'rock'),(5,'x'));
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((7,'rock'),(5,'x'))
ERROR at line 1:

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES{(7,'rock'),(5,'x')};
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES{(7,'rock'),(5,'x')}
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL> ;
1* INSERT INTO EMP VALUES{(7,'rock'),(5,'x')}
SQL> create table emp(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

number(3),sal number(7,2));
create table emp(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

number(3),sal number(7,2))
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object
SQL> create table emp1(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

Table created.
SQL> desc emp;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ID NUMBER(4)
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
SQL> desc emp1;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(6)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)
MGR NUMBER(3)
DEPTNO NUMBER(3)
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
SQL>
SQL> alter table emp1(constraint not null(ename));
alter table emp1(constraint not null(ename))
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01735: invalid ALTER TABLE option
SQL> create table emp2(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

Table created.
SQL> desc emp2;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(6)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)
MGR NUMBER(3)
DEPTNO NUMBER(3)
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> insert into emp2(1,'s.c.BOSS','soft','sdf','23',20000);
insert into emp2(1,'s.c.BOSS','soft','sdf','23',20000)
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> insert into emp2 values(1,'s.c.BOSS','soft','sdf','23',20000);
insert into emp2 values(1,'s.c.BOSS','soft','sdf','23',20000)
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number
SQL> insert into emp2 values(1,'s.c.BOSS','soft',123,45,20000);

1 row created.
SQL> select *from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO SAL
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000
SQL> alter table emp2 add commission int;
Table altered.
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
COMMISSION
----------
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
COMMISSION
----------
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000
SQL> insert into emp2 values(1,'s.c.BOSS','soft',123,45,20000,999);
1 row created.
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
COMMISSION
----------
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000
999
SQL> alter table emp2 add (commission number(5);

alter table emp2 add (commission number(5)
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> alter table emp2 add (commission number(5));
alter table emp2 add (commission number(5))
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01430: column being added already exists in table
SQL> alter table emp2 add (commission2 number(5));
Table altered.
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
COMMISSION COMMISSION2
---------- -----------
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000

1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45 20000
999
SQL> alter table emp2 modify(job varchr2(10));
alter table emp2 modify(job varchr2(10))
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> alter table emp2 modify(job varchr2(20));
alter table emp2 modify(job varchr2(20))
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> alter table emp2 modify(job varchar2(20));
Table altered.

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION COMMISSION2
---------- ---------- -----------
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45
20000
1 s.c.BOSS soft 123 45
20000 999
SQL>
EXERCISE 2
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE SAL<(SELECT AVG(SAL) FROM EMP) AND JOB LIKE 'S%';
ENAME
--------------------
ASANT
ALLEN
WARD
FORD
ALLEY
SQL> SELECT ENAME,JOB,DNAME FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENAME JOB DNAME
-------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------
SMITH CLERK DEVELOPMENT
ASANT SALESMAN DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN SALESMAN MAINTAINANCE
WARD SALESMAN MAINTAINANCE
JONES MANAGER DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MANAGER MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT HOD MANAGEMENT
CLARK CEO MANAGEMENT
FORD SUPERVIS DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY SALESMAN MAINTAINANCE
DRANK CLERCK MAINTAINANCE
11 rows selected.
SQL>Q9
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN (SELECT JOB FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE
EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO AND LOC='MAIN BLOCK' ) ;
ENAME
--------------------
SCOTT
CLARK
SQL>
SQL>
Q1..
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM (select *from emp INNER JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO)
WHERE DNAME IN ('MAINTAINANCE','DEVELOPMENT');
ENAME
--------------------
SMITH
ASANT
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
BLAKE
FORD
ALLEY
DRANK
9 rows selected.
SQL>
Q4
SQL> SELECT *FROM EMP WHERE SAL> ANY(SELECT SAL FROM EMP inner join DEPT ON
EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO AND DEPT.DEPTNO=30);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR
---------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ----------
DEPTNO SAL COMM DOB
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

7839 CLARK CEO
10 9900 16-MAR72
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839
30 9850 1000 01-MAY79
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839
20 5975 1000 02-APR81
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR
---------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ----------
DEPTNO SAL COMM DOB
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839
10 3000 12-JUN76
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698
30 1600 300 20-FEB81
7399 ASANT SALESMAN 7566
20 1600 300 20-FEB81
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR

---------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ----------
DEPTNO SAL COMM DOB
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7599 ALLEY SALESMAN 7698
30 1600 300 20-FEB81
7 rows selected.
SQL>......................
Q5...
SQL> select ename from emp where job =(select job from emp where ename='JONES' AND SAL > 'FORD')
;
select ename from emp where job =(select job from emp where ename='JONES' AND SAL > 'FORD')
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select ename from emp where job =(select job from emp where ename='JONES' AND SAL >
(SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE ENAME='FORD')) ;
ENAME
--------------------
JONES
BLAKE
SQL>Q6....................
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=10 AND JOB IN(SELECT JOB FROM DEPT,EMP WHERE
DEPT.DEPTNO=EMP.DEPTNO AND DNAME='MANAGEMENT');
ENAME
--------------------
SCOTT
CLARK
SQL>...............
Q7
SQL> SELECT ENAME ,DEPTNO,SAL FROM EMP;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL
-------------------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800
ASANT 20 1600
ALLEN 30 1600
WARD 30 1250
JONES 20 5975
BLAKE 30 9850
SCOTT 10 3000
CLARK 10 9900
FORD 20 800
ALLEY 30 1600
DRANK 30 1250
11 rows selected.
SQL>Q9
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN (SELECT JOB FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE
EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO AND LOC='MAIN BLOCK' ) ;
ENAME
--------------------
SCOTT
CLARK
SQL>
Q10
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=20 AND JOB IN (SELECT JOB FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE
EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO AND DNAME='DEVELOPMENT');
ENAME
--------------------
SMITH
ASANT
JONES
FORD
SQL>....................
Q11
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN(SELECT JOB FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE ENAME='ALLEN' )
AND SAL=(SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE ENAME='ALLEN') AND ENAME NOT IN('ALLEN');
ENAME
--------------------
ASANT
ALLEY
SQL>
Q12
Q12....
SQL> SELECT DNAME FROM DEPT WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMP WHERE JOB='SALESMAN' AND
DEPT.DEPTNO=EMP.DEPTNO)>=2;
DNAME
--------------------
MAINTAINANCE
SQL>
Q13
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=20 AND JOB IN (SELECT JOB FROM EMP WHERE
DEPTNO=30);
ENAME
--------------------
ASANT
JONES
SQL>............
Q15
SQL> SELECT MAX(SAL) ,DNAME FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO AND SAL>9000
GROUP BY DNAME;
MAX(SAL) DNAME
---------- --------------------
9850 MAINTAINANCE
9900 MANAGEMENT
SQL>Q16
SQL> SELECT MAX(SAL) ,DNAME FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO AND SAL>9000
GROUP BY DNAME;
MAX(SAL) DNAME
---------- --------------------
9850 MAINTAINANCE
9900 MANAGEMENT
SQL>Q17
SQL> CREATE TABLE ACCDEPT AS SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE DEPTNO IN(10,20,30);
Table created.
SQL>Q18
SQL> SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
CLARK MANAGEMENT
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
JONES DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
WARD MAINTAINANCE
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
11 rows selected.
SQL>Q19
20
SQL> SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP RIGHT JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
WARD MAINTAINANCE
JONES DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
CLARK MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SALES
TRANSPORT
13 rows selected.
SQL>Q21
SQL> SELECT ENAME ,DNAME FROM EMP FULL JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
WARD MAINTAINANCE
JONES DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
CLARK MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SALES
TRANSPORT
13 rows selected.
SQL>
---------- ---------- ---------
7421 DRANK CLERCK 7698 30
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE TABLE ACCDEPT AS SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE DEPTNO IN (10,20,30);
Table created.
SQL> SELECT DEPT.DNAME FROM DEPT,ACCDEPT WHERE DEPT.DEPTNO=ACCDEPT.DEPTNO;
DNAME
--------------------
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
MAINTAINANCE
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN (SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE DNAME
NOT IN
EXERCISE 3
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jan 30 09:26:48 2020
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
Last Successful login time: Sat Jan 25 2020 09:29:44 +05:30
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> DESC EMP;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
ENAME VARCHAR2(15)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)
MGR NUMBER(4)
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMISSION NUMBER(38)
DOB DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(10)
SQL> DESC DEPT
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DNAME VARCHAR2(30)
LOC VARCHAR2(30)
DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SQL> SELECT *FROM EMP;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR SAL COMISSION DOB
---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

DEPTNO
----------
7369 smith clerk 566 800 0 17-DEC-80
20
7399 asant saleman 566 1600 300 20-FEB-81
20
100 xyz soft 1234 34 77777 01-JUL-98
60
---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
DEPTNO
----------
7421 drank clerck 698 1250 500 22-JAN-82
30
7566 blank managers 698 1250 500 22-JAN-82
40
7698 jones managers 557 1258 400 21-JAN-82
40
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT *FROM DEPT;
DNAME LOC DEPTNO
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
manegment main block 10
developmet manufacture unit 20
maintainace main block 30
transport admin block 40
sales head office 50
ca it block 60
6 rows selected.
SQL> create table tb(name number(10) constraint uni uniqe);
create table tb(name number(10) constraint uni uniqe)
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02253: constraint specification not allowed here
SQL> create table tb(name number(10) constraints uni uniqe);
create table tb(name number(10) constraints uni uniqe)

*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> create table tb(name number(10) constraints uni uniqe);
create table tb(name number(10) constraints uni uniqe)
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> create table tb(name number(10) uniqe);
create table tb(name number(10) uniqe)
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> create table tb(name number(10) constraints uni unique);
Table created.
SQL> insert into tb(10);
insert into tb(10)

*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> insert into tb values(10);
1 row created.
SQL> select *from tb;
NAME
----------
10
1 row created.
insert into tb values(10)
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.UNI) violated

SQL> alter table tb add ;
alter table tb add
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: : invalid identifier
SQL> create table tb2(name number(10) constraints lele primary key);
Table created.
SQL> insert into tb2 values(10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tb2 values(10);
insert into tb2 values(10)
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.LELE) violated
SQL> help|forigen key
SP2-0172: No HELP matching this topic was found.

SQL> help|forigen
SQL> help|primary key
SQL> help|[primary key]
SQL> help|[primary key];
SQL> help
HELP
----
Accesses this command line help system. Enter HELP INDEX or ? INDEX
for a list of topics.
You can view SQL*Plus resources at
http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/
HELP|? [topic]
SQL> select last_day('1-jan-2009') from dual;
LAST_DAY(
---------
31-JAN-09
SQL> months_between('1-jan-2009','4-oct-2009');
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "months_bet..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> select months_between('1-jan-2009','4-oct-2009');
select months_between('1-jan-2009','4-oct-2009')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> select months_between('1-jan-2009','4-oct-2009') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN('1-JAN-2009','4-OCT-2009')
-----------------------------------------
-9.0967742
-----------------------------------------
-9.0967742
SQL> select next_day(sysdate,'wednesday') from dual;

NEXT_DAY(
---------
05-FEB-20
SQL> select round('1-jan-2009') from dual;
select round('1-jan-2009') from dual
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select round('1-jan-2009','year') from dual;
select round('1-jan-2009','year') from dual
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select round('1-jan-2009') from dual;
select round('1-jan-2009') from dual
ERROR at line 1:

SQL> select (sysdate,'11-jan-2019');
select (sysdate,'11-jan-2019')
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-2019');
select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-2019')
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-19');
select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-19')
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-19')from dual;
select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-19')from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01821: date format not recognized
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-2019')from dual;
select to_char(sysdate,'11-jan-2019')from dual
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01821: date format not recognized
SQL> select to_date('jan 15 2019','mm-dd-yy')from dual;
TO_DATE('
---------
15-JAN-19
SQL> select to_date('jan 15 2019','dd-mm-yy')from dual;
select to_date('jan 15 2019','dd-mm-yy')from dual
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01858: a non-numeric character was found where a numeric was expected
SQL> select to_date('jan 15 2019','mm-dd-yy')from dual;

TO_DATE('
---------
15-JAN-19
SQL> select months_between('1-jan-2009','4-oct-2009');
select months_between('1-jan-2009','4-oct-2009')
ERROR at line 1:
-----------------------------------------
-9.0967742
SQL> select uid from dual;
UID
----------
SQL> user;
SP2-0042: unknown command "user" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> select user from dual;
USER
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SQL> select *from emp;
---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
DEPTNO
----------
7369 smith clerk 566 800 0 17-DEC-80
20
7399 asant saleman 566 1600 300 20-FEB-81
20
100 xyz soft 1234 34 77777 01-JUL-98
60
---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

DEPTNO
----------
7421 drank clerck 698 1250 500 22-JAN-82
30
7566 blank managers 698 1250 500 22-JAN-82
40
7698 jones managers 557 1258 400 21-JAN-82
40
6 rows selected.
SQL> sselect to_char(sysdate,'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM DUAL;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "sselect to..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR(SY
----------
2020-01-30
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'MM-DD-YYYY') FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR(SY
----------
01-30-2020
SQL> select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'YYYY/MM/D') )FROM DUAL;
select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'YYYY/MM/D') )FROM DUAL
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "TODATE": invalid identifier
SQL> select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'YYYY/MM/D'),'MM/DD/YYY' )FROM DUAL;
select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'YYYY/MM/D'),'MM/DD/YYY' )FROM DUAL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'MM/DD/YYY' )FROM DUAL;
select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'MM/DD/YYY' )FROM DUAL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'MM/DD/YYY' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL;

select TODATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'MM/DD/YYY' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select TO_DATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'MM/DD/YYY' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL;
MY_DATE
---------
30-JAN-20
SQL> select TO_DATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'DD/MM/YYY' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL;
select TO_DATE(to_char(sysdate,'MM/DD/YYY'),'DD/MM/YYY' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01843: not a valid month
SQL> select TO_DATE(to_char(sysdate,'DD/MM/YYY'),'DD/MM/YYY' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL;
MY_DATE
---------
30-JAN-20
SQL> select TO_DATE(to_char(sysdate,'DD/YYY/MM'),'DD/YYY/MM' )MY_DATE FROM DUAL;
MY_DATE
---------
30-JAN-20
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY' FROM MDUAL;
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY' FROM MDUAL
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY' FROM DUAL;
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY' FROM DUAL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY'
ERROR at line 1:

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE FORMATE='MM/DD/YYYY'
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET 'NLS_DATE FORMATE=MM/DD/YYYY' FROM;
ALTER SESSION SET 'NLS_DATE FORMATE=MM/DD/YYYY' FROM
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET 'NLS_DATE_FORMATE=MM/DD/YYYY' FROM;
ALTER SESSION SET 'NLS_DATE_FORMATE=MM/DD/YYYY' FROM
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET 'NLS_DATE_FORMAT=MM/DD/YYYY' FROM;
ALTER SESSION SET 'NLS_DATE_FORMAT=MM/DD/YYYY' FROM

*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='MM/DD/YYYY' FROM;
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='MM/DD/YYYY' FROM
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='MM/DD/YYYY' ;
Session altered.
SQL> DATE;
SP2-0042: unknown command "DATE" - rest of line ignored.
MY_DATE
----------
01/30/2020

MY_DATE
----------
01/30/2020
SQL> DESC EMP;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(15)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)
MGR NUMBER(4)
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
DOB DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(10)
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN =();
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN =()
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL> DESC EMP;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(15)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)
MGR NUMBER(4)
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
DOB DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(10)
SQL> SELECT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
DEPTNO
----------
20
20
60
30
40
40
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN (20,60);

ENAME
---------------
smith
asant
xyz
SQL>
EXERCISE 4
2 (SELECT DEPT.DNAME FROM DEPT,ACCDEPT WHERE DEPT.DEPTNO=ACCDEPT.DEPTNO));
no rows selected
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
CLARK MANAGEMENT
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
JONES DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
10 rows selected.
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
JONES DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
CLARK MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
SALES
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
TRANSPORT
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP FULL OUTER JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
JONES DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
CLARK MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
SALES
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
TRANSPORT
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT A.ENAME AS EMPLOYEE,B.ENAME AS MANAGER FROM EMP A,EMP B WHERE A.MGR=
B.EMPNO;
EMPLOYEE MANAGER
-------------------- --------------------
ASANT JONES
SMITH JONES
DRANK BLAKE
ALLEY BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
SCOTT CLARK
BLAKE CLARK
JONES CLARK
8 rows selected.

---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7566 20
800 0 17-DEC-80
7399 ASANT SALESMAN 7566 20
1600 300 20-FEB-81
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 30
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 20
5975 1000 02-APR-81
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 30
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
7368 FORD SUPERVIS 7366 20
800 0 17-DEC-80
7599 ALLEY SALESMAN 7698 30
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT A.ENAME AS EMPLOYEE,B.SAL AS MANAGER_SALARY FROM EMP A,EMP B WHERE
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
EMPLOYEE MANAGER_SALARY
-------------------- --------------
ASANT 5975
SMITH 5975
DRANK 9850
ALLEY 9850
ALLEN 9850
SCOTT 9900
BLAKE 9900
JONES 9900
8 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME,JOB,EMPNO,DNAME,LOC FROM EMP,DEPT WHERE EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO
ENAME JOB EMPNO DNAME
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
SMITH CLERK 7369 DEVELOPMENT

MANUFACTURING UNIT
ASANT SALESMAN 7399 DEVELOPMENT
MANUFACTURING UNIT
ALLEN SALESMAN 7499 MAINTAINANCE
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
JONES MANAGER 7566 DEVELOPMENT
MANUFACTURING UNIT
BLAKE MANAGER 7698 MAINTAINANCE
MAIN BLOCK
SCOTT HOD 7611 MANAGEMENT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------

LOC
--------------------
CLARK CEO 7839 MANAGEMENT
MAIN BLOCK
FORD SUPERVIS 7368 DEVELOPMENT
MANUFACTURING UNIT
ALLEY SALESMAN 7599 MAINTAINANCE
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
DRANK CLERCK 7421 MAINTAINANCE
MAIN BLOCK
10 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT A.EMPNO,A.ENAME AS EMPLOYEE,A.JOB,B.ENAME AS MANAGER FROM EMP A,EMP
B WHERE
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
EMPNO EMPLOYEE JOB MANAGER
---------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
7399 ASANT SALESMAN JONES
7369 SMITH CLERK JONES
7421 DRANK CLERCK BLAKE
7599 ALLEY SALESMAN BLAKE
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN BLAKE
7611 SCOTT HOD CLARK
7698 BLAKE MANAGER CLARK
7566 JONES MANAGER CLARK
8 rows selected.
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81

1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL>---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE TABLE ACCDEPT AS SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE DEPTNO IN (10,20,30);
Table created.
SQL> SELECT DEPT.DNAME FROM DEPT,ACCDEPT WHERE DEPT.DEPTNO=ACCDEPT.DEPTNO;
DNAME
--------------------
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
MAINTAINANCE
SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN (SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE DNAME
NOT IN
2 (SELECT DEPT.DNAME FROM DEPT,ACCDEPT WHERE DEPT.DEPTNO=ACCDEPT.DEPTNO));
no rows selected
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
CLARK MANAGEMENT
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
JONES DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
10 rows selected.
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
JONES DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
CLARK MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
SALES
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
TRANSPORT
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP FULL OUTER JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
ASANT DEVELOPMENT
ALLEN MAINTAINANCE
JONES DEVELOPMENT
BLAKE MAINTAINANCE
SCOTT MANAGEMENT
CLARK MANAGEMENT
FORD DEVELOPMENT
ALLEY MAINTAINANCE
DRANK MAINTAINANCE
SALES
ENAME DNAME
-------------------- --------------------
TRANSPORT
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT A.ENAME AS EMPLOYEE,B.ENAME AS MANAGER FROM EMP A,EMP B WHERE A.MGR=
B.EMPNO;
EMPLOYEE MANAGER
-------------------- --------------------
ASANT JONES
SMITH JONES
DRANK BLAKE
ALLEY BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
SCOTT CLARK
BLAKE CLARK
JONES CLARK
8 rows selected.
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------

SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
-------------------- --------------
ASANT 5975
SMITH 5975
DRANK 9850
ALLEY 9850
ALLEN 9850
SCOTT 9900
BLAKE 9900
JONES 9900
8 rows selected.
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MAIN BLOCK
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MAIN BLOCK
10 rows selected.
B WHERE
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
---------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
8 rows selected.
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81

1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL> 1600 300 20-FEB-81
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------

SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81

---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
-------------------- --------------
ASANT 5975
SMITH 5975
DRANK 9850
ALLEY 9850
ALLEN 9850
SCOTT 9900
BLAKE 9900
JONES 9900
8 rows selected.
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MAIN BLOCK
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MAIN BLOCK
10 rows selected.
B WHERE
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
---------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
8 rows selected.

---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79

7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82

10 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL IN (SELECT SAL FROM EMP GROUP BY SAL HA
VING
2 COUNT(*)>1);
ENAME SAL
-------------------- ----------
SMITH 800
ASANT 1600
ALLEN 1600
FORD 800
ALLEY 1600
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80

1600 300 20-FEB-81
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10

9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT UNION ALL SELECT DEPTNO FROM ACCDEPT;
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
8 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT INTERSECT SELECT DEPTNO FROM ACCDEPT;
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
SQL> SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT MINUS SELECT DEPTNO FROM ACCDEPT;
DEPTNO
----------
40
50
SQL> CREATE VIEW MANAGERS AS SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB='MANAGER';

View created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM MANAGERS;
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
SQL>
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MAIN BLOCK
MANUFACTURING UNIT
MAIN BLOCK
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOC
--------------------
MAIN BLOCK
10 rows selected.
B WHERE
2 A.MGR=B.EMPNO;
---------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
8 rows selected.
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81

1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL IN (SELECT SAL FROM EMP GROUP BY SAL HA
VING
2 COUNT(*)>1);
ENAME SAL
-------------------- ----------
SMITH 800
ASANT 1600
ALLEN 1600
FORD 800
ALLEY 1600
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------

5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------

SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
EXERCISE 5
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
8 rows selected.
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
DEPTNO
----------
40
50
View created.
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81

9850 1000 01-MAY-79
SQL> CREATE VIEW GENERAL AS SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,EMP.DEPTNO,DNAME FROM EMP,DEPT WH
ERE
2 EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
View created.
SQL> CREATE VIEW EMP_ALL AS SELECT E.EMPNO,E.EMPNAME,D.DEPTNO,D.DNAME FROM EMP E
, DEPT D
2 WHERE E.DEPTNO=D.DEPTNO AND E.JOB NOT IN('HOD','CEO');
CREATE VIEW EMP_ALL AS SELECT E.EMPNO,E.EMPNAME,D.DEPTNO,D.DNAME FROM EMP E, DEP
TD
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "E"."EMPNAME": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP_ALL;
SELECT * FROM EMP_ALL
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> SELECT VIEW_NAME FROM USER_VIEWS;
VIEW_NAME
------------------------------
AQ$DEF$_AQCALL
AQ$DEF$_AQERROR
AQ$_DEF$_AQCALL_F
AQ$_DEF$_AQERROR_F
GENERAL
MANAGERS
MVIEW_EVALUATIONS
MVIEW_EXCEPTIONS
MVIEW_FILTER
MVIEW_FILTERINSTANCE
MVIEW_LOG
VIEW_NAME
------------------------------
MVIEW_RECOMMENDATIONS
MVIEW_WORKLOAD
PRODUCT_PRIVS
14 rows selected.
SQL> DROP VIEW ALLL;
DROP VIEW ALLL
ERROR at line 1:
DROP VIEW ALLL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81

1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
7611 SCOTT HOD 7839 10
3000 12-JUN-76
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7839 CLARK CEO 10
9900 16-MAR-72
800 0 17-DEC-80
1600 300 20-FEB-81
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
1250 500 22-JAN-82
10 rows selected.
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
8 rows selected.
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
DEPTNO
----------
40
50

View created.
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
SAL COMMISSION DOB
---------- ---------- ---------
5975 1000 02-APR-81
9850 1000 01-MAY-79
SQL> CREATE VIEW GENERAL AS SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,EMP.DEPTNO,DNAME FROM EMP,DEPT WH
ERE
2 EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
View created.
SQL> CREATE VIEW EMP_ALL AS SELECT E.EMPNO,E.EMPNAME,D.DEPTNO,D.DNAME FROM EMP E
, DEPT D
2 WHERE E.DEPTNO=D.DEPTNO AND E.JOB NOT IN('HOD','CEO');
CREATE VIEW EMP_ALL AS SELECT E.EMPNO,E.EMPNAME,D.DEPTNO,D.DNAME FROM EMP E, DEP

TD
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "E"."EMPNAME": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP_ALL;
SELECT * FROM EMP_ALL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> SELECT VIEW_NAME FROM USER_VIEWS;
VIEW_NAME
------------------------------
AQ$DEF$_AQCALL
AQ$DEF$_AQERROR
AQ$_DEF$_AQCALL_F
AQ$_DEF$_AQERROR_F
GENERAL
MANAGERS
MVIEW_EVALUATIONS
MVIEW_EXCEPTIONS
MVIEW_FILTER
MVIEW_FILTERINSTANCE
MVIEW_LOG
VIEW_NAME
------------------------------
MVIEW_RECOMMENDATIONS
MVIEW_WORKLOAD
PRODUCT_PRIVS
14 rows selected.
DROP VIEW ALLL
ERROR at line 1:
DROP VIEW ALLL
ERROR at line 1:

EXERCISE 6
SQL> declare
2 a number(10);
3 b number(10);
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 dbms_output.put_line('THE PREV VALUES OF A AND B WERE');
8 dbms_output.put_line(a);
9 dbms_output.put_line(b);
10 a:=a+b;
11 b:=a-b;
12 a:=a-b;
13 dbms_output.put_line('THE VALUES OF A AND B ARE');
16 end;
17 /
Enter value for a: 6
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=6;
Enter value for b: 8
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=8;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> declare
2 a number(10);
3 b number(10);
4 c number(10);
5 begin
6 a:=&a;
7 b:=&b;
11 c:=a;
12 a:=b;
13 b:=c;
17 end;
18 /
old 6: a:=&a;
new 6: a:=9;
old 7: b:=&b;
new 7: b:=2;
SQL> dbms_output.put_line(a);
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "dbms_outpu..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then
8 dbms_output.put_line('BOTH ARE EQUAL');
9 elsif a>b then
10 dbms_output.put_line('A IS GREATER');
11 else
12 dbms_output.put_line('B IS GREATER');
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=87;
Enter value for b: 3+

old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=3+;
b:=3+;
ERROR at line 6:
ORA-06550: line 6, column 6:
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol ";" when expecting one of the following:
( - + case mod new null <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable>
continue avg count current max min prior sql stddev sum
variance execute forall merge time timestamp interval date
<a string literal with character set specification>
<a number> <a single-quoted SQL string> pipe
<an alternatively-quoted string literal with character set specification>
<an alternatively-quoted SQL
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then

9 elsif a>b then
11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=456;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=54;
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then
9 elsif a>b then

11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=4564;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=21;
SQL>MVIEW_RECOMMENDATIONS
MVIEW_WORKLOAD
PRODUCT_PRIVS
14 rows selected.
DROP VIEW ALLL
ERROR at line 1:
DROP VIEW ALLL
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> declare
2 a number(10);
3 b number(10);
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
10 a:=a+b;
11 b:=a-b;
12 a:=a-b;
16 end;
17 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=6;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=8;
SQL> declare
2 a number(10);
3 b number(10);
4 c number(10);
5 begin
6 a:=&a;
7 b:=&b;
11 c:=a;
12 a:=b;
13 b:=c;

17 end;
18 /
old 6: a:=&a;
new 6: a:=9;
old 7: b:=&b;
new 7: b:=2;
SQL> dbms_output.put_line(a);
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "dbms_outpu..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then
9 elsif a>b then
11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=87;
Enter value for b: 3+
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=3+;
b:=3+;
ERROR at line 6:
( - + case mod new null <an identifier>
continue avg count current max min prior sql stddev sum
variance execute forall merge time timestamp interval date
<a string literal with character set specification>
<an alternatively-quoted SQL

SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then
9 elsif a>b then
11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=456;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=54;

SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then
9 elsif a>b then
11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=4564;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=21;
SQL> declare
2 java number(10);
3 dbmsnumber(10);
4 co number(10);
5 se number(10); es
6 number(10); ppl
7 number(10); total
8 number(10); avgs
9 number(10); per
10 number(10);
11 dbms_output.put_line('ENTER THE MARKS');
12 begin
13 java:=&java;
14 dbms:=&dbms;
15 co:=&co;
16 se:=&se;
17 es:=&es;
18 ppl:=&ppl;
19 total:=(java+dbms+co+se+es+ppl);
20 per:=(total/600)*100;
21 if java<40 or dbms<40 or co<40 or se<40 or es<40 or ppl<40 then
22 dbms_output.put_line('FAIL');
23 elsif per>75 then
24 dbms_output.put_line('GRADE A');
25 elsif per>65 and per<75 then
26 dbms_output.put_line('GRADE B');
28 dbms_output.put_line('GRADE C');
29 else
30 dbms_output.put_line('INVALID INPUT');
31 end if;
32 dbms_output.put_line('PERCENTAGE IS '||per);
33 dbms_output.put_line('TOTAL IS '||total);
34 end;
35 /
Enter value for java: 45
old 13: java:=&java;
new 13: java:=45;
Enter value for dbms: 12
old 14: dbms:=&dbms;
new 14: dbms:=12;
Enter value for co: 45
old 15: co:=&co;
new 15: co:=45;
Enter value for se: 55
old 16: se:=&se;
new 16: se:=55;
Enter value for es: 22
old 17: es:=&es;
new 17: es:=22;
Enter value for ppl: 11

old 18: ppl:=&ppl;
new 18: ppl:=11;
dbmsnumber(10);
ERROR at line 3:
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "(" when expecting one of the following:
constant exception <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> table long double ref
char time timestamp interval date binary national character
nchar
The symbol "<an identifier>" was substituted for "(" to continue.
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "." when expecting one of the following:
char time timestamp interval date binary national charac
SQL> declare
2 java number(10);
3 dbmsnumber(10);
4 co number(10);
5 se number(10); es
6 number(10); ppl
7 number(10); total
8 number(10); avgs
9 number(10); per
10 number(10);
12 begin
13 java:=&java;
14 dbms:=&dbms;
15 co:=&co;
16 se:=&se;
17 es:=&es;
18 ppl:=&ppl;
20 per:=(total/600)*100;
29 else
31 end if;
34 end;
35 /
new 13: java:=1;
new 14: dbms:=2;
old 15: co:=&co;
new 15: co:=3;
old 16: se:=&se;
new 16: se:=4;
old 17: es:=&es;
new 17: es:=5;
old 18: ppl:=&ppl;
new 18: ppl:=6;
dbmsnumber(10);
ERROR at line 3:
nchar
SQL><an alternatively-quoted SQL
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then

9 elsif a>b then
11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=456;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=54;
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 a:=&a;
6 b:=&b;
7 if a=b then
9 elsif a>b then

11 else
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /
old 5: a:=&a;
new 5: a:=4564;
old 6: b:=&b;
new 6: b:=21;
SQL> declare
2 java number(10);
3 dbmsnumber(10);
4 co number(10);
5 se number(10); es
6 number(10); ppl
7 number(10); total
8 number(10); avgs
9 number(10); per
10 number(10);
12 begin
13 java:=&java;
14 dbms:=&dbms;
15 co:=&co;
16 se:=&se;
17 es:=&es;
18 ppl:=&ppl;
20 per:=(total/600)*100;
29 else
31 end if;
34 end;
35 /
new 13: java:=45;
new 14: dbms:=12;
old 15: co:=&co;
new 15: co:=45;
old 16: se:=&se;
new 16: se:=55;
old 17: es:=&es;
new 17: es:=22;
old 18: ppl:=&ppl;
new 18: ppl:=11;
dbmsnumber(10);
ERROR at line 3:

nchar
SQL> declare
2 java number(10);
3 dbmsnumber(10);
4 co number(10);
5 se number(10); es
6 number(10); ppl
7 number(10); total
8 number(10); avgs
9 number(10); per
10 number(10);
12 begin
13 java:=&java;
14 dbms:=&dbms;
15 co:=&co;
16 se:=&se;
17 es:=&es;
18 ppl:=&ppl;
20 per:=(total/600)*100;
29 else
31 end if;
34 end;
35 /
new 13: java:=1;

new 14: dbms:=2;
old 15: co:=&co;
new 15: co:=3;
old 16: se:=&se;
new 16: se:=4;
old 17: es:=&es;
new 17: es:=5;
old 18: ppl:=&ppl;
new 18: ppl:=6;
dbmsnumber(10);
ERROR at line 3:
nchar
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 d number:=0;
4 sum1 number:=0;
5 begin
6 a:=&a;
7 while a>0
8 loop
9 d:=mod(a,10);
10 sum1:=sum1+d;
11 a:=trunc(a/10);
12 end loop;
13 dbms_output.put_line('SUM = '|| sum1);
14 end;
15 /
old 6: a:=&a;
new 6: a:=99;

SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 d number:=0;
4 sum1 number:=0;
5 begin
6 a:=&a;
7 while a>0
8 loop
9 d:=mod(a,10);
10 sum1:=sum1+d;
11 a:=trunc(a/10);
12 end loop;
13 dbms_output.put_line('SUM = '|| sum1);
14 end;
15 /
old 6: a:=&a;
new 6: a:=5;
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 rev number;
4 d number;
5 begin
6 a:=&a;
7 rev:=0;
8 while a>0
9 loop
10 d:=mod(a,10);
11 rev:=(rev*10)+d;
12 a:=trunc(a/10);
13 end loop;
14 dbms_output.put_line('REVERSE NUMBER = '|| rev);
15 end;
16 /
old 6: a:=&a;
new 6: a:=987;
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> DECLARE
2 message varchar2(20):= 'Hello, World!';
3 BEGIN
4 dbms_output.put_line(message);
5 END;
6 /
Hello, World!
SQL> declare
2 a number;
3 c number:=0;
4 inumber;
5 begin
6 a:=&a;
7 for i in 1..a
8 loop
9 if mod(a,i)=0 then
10 c:=c+1;
11 end if;
12 end loop;
13 if c=2 then
14 dbms_output.put_line(a ||' is a prime number');
15 else
16 dbms_output.put_line(a ||' is not a prime number');
17 end if;
18 end;
19 /

old 6: a:=&a;
new 6: a:=44;
inumber;
ERROR at line 4:
nchar
SQL>
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 14 19:14:33 2020
Enter user-name: SYSTEM
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table acct(name varchar2(10),cur_bal number(10),acctno number(6,2));
create table acct(name varchar2(10),cur_bal number(10),acctno number(6,2))
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> select * from acct;
no rows selected
SQL> insert into stud values('asd',4324,4324);
insert into stud values('asd',4324,4324)
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> PROBLEM 6.10:
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "PROBLEM 6...." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> create table acct(name varchar2(10),cur_bal number(10),acctno number(6,2));
create table acct(name varchar2(10),cur_bal number(10),acctno number(6,2))
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> insert into stud values('&sname',&rollno,&marks);
Enter value for sname: select * from acct;
Enter value for rollno: declare
Enter value for marks: mano number(5);
old 1: insert into stud values('&sname',&rollno,&marks)
new 1: insert into stud values('select * from acct;',declare,mano number(5);)
insert into stud values('select * from acct;',declare,mano number(5);)
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> mcbnumber(6,2);
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "mcbnumber(..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> minibal constant number(7,2):=1000.00;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "minibal co..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> fine number(6,2):=100.00;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "fine numbe..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> begin
2 mano:=&mano;
3 select cur_bal into mcb from acct where acctno=mano;

4 if mcb<minibal then
5 update acct set cur_bal=cur_bal-fine where acctno=mano;
6 end if;
7 end;
8 /
Enter value for mano:
old 2: mano:=&mano;
new 2: mano:=;
mano:=;
ERROR at line 2:
( - + case mod new not null <an identifier>
continue avg count current exists max min prior sql stddev
sum variance execute forall merge time timestamp interval
date <a string literal with character set specification>
<an alternatively
EXERCISE-7
SQL> create or replace procedure salary(deptid number) as
2 begin
3 update EMP set sal=sal+1000 where sal>5000 AND deptno=deptid;
4 end;
5 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> create or replace procedure salary1(EMPid number) as
2 begin
3 update EMP set sal=sal+sal*(0.1) where EMPno=EMPid;
4 end;
5 /
Procedure created.
SQL> create or replace procedure get_sal(dept number) as
2 begin
3 for s in (select * from EMP where deptno = dept)
4 loop
5 dbms_output.put_line(s.sal);
6 end loop;
7 end;
8 /
Procedure created.
SQL> create or replace procedure get_nature(dept number) as
2 begin
3 for s in (select * from EMP where deptno = dept)
4 loop
5 dbms_output.put_line(s.job);
6 end loop;
7 end;
8 /
Procedure created.
SQL> create or replace procedure dep_name(deptid number) as
2 begin
3 select dept.dname from dept,EMP where EMP.deptno=dept.deptno;
4 end;
5 /
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.
EXERCISE 8
SQL>CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trig2 Afterdelete on DEPT FOR EACH ROW
2 BEGIN
3 DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.deptno=:new.deptno;
4 END;
5/
Trigger created
SQL>CREATE TRIGGER trig3 AFTER DELETE ON EMP FOR EACH ROW
2 BEGIN
3 INSERT INTO log(val1, val2, ...) VALUES (old.val1, old.val2, ...);
4 END;
5/
Trigger created
SQL>CREATE TRIGGER trig3 AFTER DELETE ON EMP FOR EACH ROW
2 BEGIN
3 INSERT INTO log(val1, val2, ...) VALUES (old.val1, old.val2, ...);
4 END;
5/
Trigger created

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Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jan 23 09:56:02 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: SYSTEM

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(ID UNIQUE,NAME VARCHAR(20));

CREATE TABLE EMP(ID UNIQUE,NAME VARCHAR(20))

ORA-02263: need to specify the datatype for this column

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(ID NUMBER(4) UNIQUE,NAME VARCHAR(20));

SQL> INSERT INTO TABLE EMP(1,"TONU");

INSERT INTO TABLE EMP(1,"TONU")

ORA-00903: invalid table name

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(1,"TONU");

INSERT INTO EMP(1,"TONU")

ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(1,"TONU");

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(1,"TONU")

ORA-00984: column not allowed here

SQL> INSERT INTO TABLE EMP VALUES(1,'TONU');

ORA-00903: invalid table name

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(1,'TONU');

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(2,'PRATIK');

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3,'JEET');

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3,'RAKESH');

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3,'RAKESH')

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C009993) violated

SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "TABLE"

SQL> SHOW EMP;

SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "EMP"

SQL> SELECTT *FROM EMP;

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "SELECTT *F..." - rest of line ignored.

SQL> select *from emp;

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(323456,'JEET');

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(323456,'JEET')

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3234,'JEET');

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(32344,'JEET')

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(32,'JEET');

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((32,'JEET'),(5,'x'));

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((32,'JEET'),(5,'x'))

ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((7,'rock'),(5,'x'));

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES((7,'rock'),(5,'x'))

ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES{(7,'rock'),(5,'x')}

ORA-00936: missing expression

1* INSERT INTO EMP VALUES{(7,'rock'),(5,'x')}

SQL> create table emp(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

create table emp(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

SQL> create table emp1(empno number(6),ename varchar2(20),job varchar2(10),mgr number(3),deptno

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

SQL> desc emp1;

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

SQL> alter table emp1(constraint not null(ename));