HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE

Sta. Ana Avenue, Davao City

College of Engineering and Technology

“ThMAs” – The Me Assistant

A tool to assist the user fight procrastination

Submitted by:
Ulyses Gerald S. Gotera
Khient Bryan Medequillo
Emily Joyce Sonsona
Melwin John D. Torculas

CHAPTER 1
 The Problem and its Scope

“Put your work off till tomorrow and the day after”. This is a line from a poem by the Greek

Poet Hesiod around 800 B.C. It directly reflects the fact that procrastination has been with us long

before the internet has come to its existence [ CITATION Jaf13 \l 1033 ]. Today, technology has thinned

the line between convenience and procrastination. While technology is meant for the convenience

and improve the quality of our lives[ CITATION Atk08 \l 1033 ], it can also be used as a means for

procrastination to be closer to us than ever[ CITATION Dev17 \l 1033 ].

But procrastination isn’t just a problem for most, to some, it’s a way of life [ CITATION Fer10 \l

1033 ]. Procrastination is very common than most people think. Everybody procrastinates from time to

time in their lives but not everybody is a chronic procrastinator. In fact, data shows that 80-95% of

college students engage in procrastination while 75% consider themselves a chronic procrastinator

and 20% of the general population of US are chronic procrastinator [ CITATION Hus10 \l 1033 ]. These

numbers are higher than the one conducted by Dr. Steel in 1978 which only concluded that there was

only 5% of the US population that are chronic procrastinator [CITATION Ste07 \l 1033 ].

Here in the Philippines, it’s not hard to imagine the abundance of procrastinators considering

that we have high population, high unemployment rate, culture, and history. This is especially true

when we look at Rizal’s essay titled “The Indolence of the Filipino” where he talks about how

colonization and injustice was connected to the laziness of the Filipino.

Locally, students can see the obvious reflection of procrastination in schools just by looking at how

often educators extend their deadlines and some of them even adapted a habit of making the

deadline earlier than the real deadline just to make the students pass their requirements on time.

Procrastination is rampant in the world yet to most people, it is invisible and suffered quietly
specially by the people who are in a very dark place because of it. It is not only harmless as most

thought, it is in fact harmful and is never helpful [CITATION Ste07 \l 1033 ]. It impacts school

performance, life, careers, and even economy. It is a growing problem and will only continue to grow

in these strange times we call “new normal” if not addressed.

Given that many applications have tried to offer a solution to this problem. In this study, the

designers took a rather simple approach. Instead of bombarding the user notifications, reminders, to

do lists, etc., the application will utilize the critical role that time and delay plays in a procrastinator's

decision making. Backed with the results from different psychologist, schools, theory and books. The

methods of the said application to "convince" the user to do work has the potential push that every

procrastinator needs. The realization of this push lead the researchers to design the ThMAs

Application which will subject the user to situations where his or her convenience, or means of

procrastinating are either far, or requires an uncomfortable amount of effort to get access to. The less

desire from the users to access these go-to procrastination applications, the more potential desire to

do other things that actually matters in the long run.

Objectives of the Study

This study aims to design an application or software that assist the users and reminds them
about their tasks for them to be able to handle their procrastination.

Specifically, it has the following objectives:

1. To make a software/application that:

1.1. Reminds the users to do things that can be perceived as “productive activities” such as
exercising, studying, writing music, etc, by:

1.1.1. Providing in-app tips to the user.

1.1.2. Notifying the user from time to time via system notifications.

1.2. Reminds the user to avoid doing things that are feeding their thoughts to procrastinate such
as social media, video games, etc. for a period of time to give room in for the users schedule
to do more productive things through in-app tips.

1.3. Assists the user in their fight against procrastination by preventing them to access apps or use
items that might prevent them in accomplishing their tasks.

2. To make a container that is capable of the following:

2.1. Storing items that the user deemed as distractions for their tasks.

2.2. Locking the items within to prevent the user from accessing it during times where a task, is
ongoing or must be accomplished.

2.3. Connecting to the ThMAs android app via Bluetooth.

3. To make a system that is:

3.1. Attractive

3.2. Easy to use

3.3. Easy to modify in terms of user experience

4. To make the development open-ended for more features and experimental ideas.

5. To evaluate the system according to:

5.1. Functionality

5.2. Usability
 Review of Related Literature

This section tackles the reviewed related literature made by the researchers regarding

procrastination.
Related Literature

Procrastination is a self-handicapping behavior that occurs when people delay completing a

task they intend to complete, potentially leading to lost productivity, poor performance, and

increased stress [6]. Procrastination is a pervasive human event that there are over 600 self-help

books addressing solutions to this phenomenon [4]. This behavior is so significant that in 2010 alone,

120 new books were written and published on this topic [13]. Even though procrastination is a

common occurrence, the behavior is not fully understood.

Academic procrastination is considered a domain-specific form of self-regulation failure.

Although academic procrastination is the form of procrastination most often researched, there is

much to be explored. Current research does not support a theoretical model for academic

procrastination. In addition, there is a significant lack of literature regarding the prevalence of high

school and college students who procrastinate in international settings, and more specifically in the

United States It is hoped that this review will contribute to research to assist educators in

constructing interventions tailored to an individual student’s specific profile and needs to minimize

academic procrastination [15].

A literature in economics that assumes people have self-control problems, conceived of as a

time-inconsistent taste for immediate gratification. An often-discussed implication of such

preferences is procrastination. These models of procrastination assume that a potential

procrastinator has only one task under consideration, and hence the only concern is when the person

completes the task. In most situations, however, a person must decide not only when to complete a

task, but also which task to complete, or how much effort to apply to a chosen task. If a person must

revise a paper for resubmission, she can either respond minimally to the editor’s suggestions or

expend more effort to respond thoroughly [10]

 In the book of How to Stop Procrastinating: A Simple Guide to Mastering Difficult Tasks and

Breaking the Procrastination Habit by Scott [11]. The idea is procrastination often stems having bad

systems in place. Once you take care of creating systems combat different forms of procrastination it

becomes highly unlikely to put things off. The book approaches procrastination all of its different

aspects. Because there is a difference between procrastinating about building a fence in your

backyard and completing an important project at work. The book gives the entire approach to

creating anti-procrastination habits. It shows how to design these habits. It shows how to link these

anti-procrastination habits to existing habits to make the process stopping progress and if little bit

easier.

The Now Habit is a book [18] that recognizes that work needs to be done and then move away

from. The main point of the book is not accomplishing 8 billion tasks, but understanding the

difference between the tasks that need to be accomplished and those that don’t. Get the stuff that

matters done and then move onto the things in life that you enjoy. It is as much about reducing stress

and anxiety of your day-to-day tasks as it is about giving you a blueprint to decrease procrastination.

Dr. Fiore wants you to take the perfect out of perfectionism and realize that good enough is good

enough and move on.

Temporal Motivation Theory explains why people's motivation to act increases when time

approaches a deadline with time discounting effect. To further specify the cognitive mechanism

underlying procrastination, this study proposes a novel theoretical model which clarifies how the

motivation to act and the motivation to avoid vary differently when delaying a task, explaining why

people decide not to act now but are willing to act in the future. It is a meta-theory of motivation that

integrates expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting (from behavioral decision theory) with need

theory and prospect theory [16].

 Distractions can come from a variety of sources for people attempting to work. For someone

working on his or her computer, the Internet and other applications are likely candidates.

Alternatively, a nearby device such as a mobile phone could display notifications of text messages to

divert attention. These disturbances tend to draw away focus, prolonging a task beyond its expected

completion length. Treatments for procrastination and related problems often utilize well-researched

strategies such as goal-setting, time-management, modeling, success spiral, and learned

industriousness [24].

Related Studies

Aljarrah [20] proposed a pedagogical approach which is the “flipped classroom” model is a

pedagogical approach that offers greater flexibility, and active student engagement than traditional

teacher-centered strategies. It reverses the typical pattern of a lecture being followed by homework

assignments. Then, class time is devoted to problem solving exercises, hands-on projects, or in-depth

discussions. This model has increased in popularity among students particularly low achievers.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) such as Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard, and Desire2Learn have

become key components in implementing this teaching style.

Also, Teng’s solution [51] is to create an application that enforces healthy work habits. The

application contains a text editor that can be locked while the user is working, preventing the user

from leaving the app until he or she inputs a set number of words. It also connects to a physical

locker, which locks while the app is locked. The app also contains a task manager, allowing the user to

manage his or her tasks effectively. Overall, the application prevents the user from becoming

distracted from outside sources and keeps him/her focused on the required work.

B. Kamphorst [63] proposed a e-coaching software that can support people on an individual
basis (by identifying the factors that have the most influence for this individual) in their struggle

against procrastination.

McAlaney [59] have studied that notification from SNS have great impact in procrastination

They have suggested that SNS can be built to host countermeasures for such behavior and help

people regulate their usage and preoccupation about it better. They presented a mixed-method study

including a qualitative (i.e., focus groups, diary, interviews, and co-design) and a quantitative phase (a

survey) with 334 participants. Through the qualitative phase, they identified: (1) features of an SNS

seen by participants as facilitators for procrastination, notification, immersive design, and surveillance

of presence, and (2) countermeasures, such as reminders, chat timer, and goal setting, can be

facilitated via SNS design to combat procrastination, and (3) a pairing between the features and the

countermeasures. They then (4) confirmed these results and the pairing through the survey phase.

Our study showed that countermeasures could be implemented to be universal across all SNS on one

or even more device.

D. Mylander [12] experimented using HabitLab, a behavior change browser extension and

phone application that manipulates the frequency of interventions on a focal goal and measured the

effects on time spent on other applications and platforms. We find that, when intervention frequency

increases on the focal goal, time spent on other applications is held constant or even reduced.

Likewise, they find that time is not redistributed across platforms from browser to mobile phone or

vice versa. These results suggest that any conservation of procrastination effect is minimal, and that

behavior change designers may target individual productivity goals without causing substantial

negative second-order effects.

MT-PRO [14] aims to reduce procrastination by systematically targeting users’ motivations to

approach/avoid stimuli relevant for procrastinatory behavior. The app asks users to either actively
avoid dysfunctional stimulus material or to actively approach functional material MT-PRO aims at

training attitude-contrary behavior and thus promoting a change of relevant attitudes in a particular

domain.

Scope and Delimitations

The designed software is aimed for procrastinators. Its main feature is that it provides the

users with restrictions that will encourage them to do the task at hand which they themselves had

set. As for the ongoing research and with the time provided the app will only be developed on

Android handheld phones.

Furthermore, the type of procrastination the app aims to counter are the ones that would only

occur during the creation of a project or a task. The app will heavily rely on the user’s settings and the

honesty of the user in making his/her own task. The app will only be able to manage a single user per

device. It will use the device storage as its own data storage.

Significance of the Study

 The study addresses the need for an application for people who procrastinate. The study

hopes to benefit the following:

Students. This study will help the student to avoid procrastination by using an application that

will help them in time management in their daily life and planning their strategic study. It is like a to-

do list but instead of only writing their task, it has a feature of locking applications and would need for

them to make extra effort to open the apps which will have them less desire in opening this app and

will then lead them to do the task which is more important. This will also lead them to realize that

procrastination has a bad effect not only on health but also in their daily tasks.

Procrastinator. This study will help them know the reasons why they procrastinate and how to

beat being a procrastinator. This app will also serve as their daily planner by writing their plans, also

help them how to avoid procrastination and become active in their daily life. If they are having a hard

time to let go of using those distraction app, this application can help by convincing to do task which

they needed to do more.

Future Researchers. The results of the study will give information’s to the future researchers of

the possible reason on why people procrastinate. It will also help them to determine different

solutions and come up with their own solutions to lessen procrastination. The ideas presented in this

study can also be used as references for their future research study which is related in

procrastination.
 Ethical Considerations

Voluntary participation of the students who will partake in the research will be highly

encouraged. Throughout the research they will be referred as "testers" and "users". The said

participants will be oriented about their role through an informed consent. Wherein it will contain a

detailed information about the research and the design, what they can do and can't as testers and

also, how the researchers will handle the data acquired from their participation. Personal information

of the users will be handled very carefully, data that affects the privacy and anonymity of the users

will be treated very seriously. During the span of the research the use of discriminatory or offensive

language must be avoided not only on the communication between researchers and testers but also

on the creation of documents that will address any personality.

In adherence to the Data Privacy Act of the Philippines, R.A. No. 10173, during the execution

of the research the researchers will properly handle all informations which are deemed as private,

personal and sensitive. Furthermore, any literary works addressed within the paper will be referenced
using the IEEE format.
 CHAPTER 2

Tools and Methods

For the further understanding of the design, this chapter discusses the methodology of the

research, the design of the study, the block diagram, and the procedures.

Research Methodology

With the study focusing on procrastination and the method to counter it the researchers

employed the Design and Development Research Methodology (DDR), Type 1. Having it as a guide,

the researchers may employ the following phases for the study, Analysis Phase, Design Phase,

Development Phase, Try-out Phase, and finally Evaluation Phase. The DDR Type 1 method fits

perfectly for the study since the said method focuses upon a given instructional product, program,

process or tool. Furthermore, the method not only touches product design and development but also

the evaluation of it [ CITATION Ric05 \l 13321 ].

Since the design is in need of constant feedback from the possible users as development is

ongoing the researchers will apply an Agile management methodology, which is Scrumban. It is a

combination of Scrum and Kamban developments. Scrum is one of the mostly used agile development

approach. It provides a framework for development which allows the team member to conduct self-

decisions on small iterations, wherein every iteration is called a sprint. The power of the approach lies

in the factor that the team may constantly improve through learnings taken on each sprint [ CITATION

Kha14 \l 13321 ]. Providing the development with a dynamic behavior since iterations can be done on

each sprint. While Kanban is a developmental approach that originated from Toyota production

system. Kanban is a Japanese word which means “Signboard”. The approach utilizes the Kanban using

Kanban cards to show the team the visualization of the workflow and along with that it also limits the
tasks which are labeled as work in progress (WIP)[ CITATION Kha14 \l 13321 ].

Figure 1:Kanban Board Sample

Having both the efficiency of the Scrum approach and the work organization of the Kanban

Approach, Scrumban development becomes useful for the researchers knowing the facts that the said

design will be made on a limited time having a very small team. Since the approach is more like a way

on how the team is going to function during development the parts of development will be decided

by the team. The development will mainly be divided into three parts, the first will be the Preparation

Phase, which mostly consists of researching about the necessary knowledge that will be needed

during development along with that is the gathering of possible testers that might help in
development. The next phase will be the Prototyping and Iteration Phase wherein the dividing of the

work through sprints will be mainly observed here. Last will be the Final Testing Phase wherein a final

product must be already available by this time and it will only be mainly about checking the Design’s

functionality and usability based on the researchers’ objectives.

Procedures of the Study

Since this paper was made at a time when the Covid 19 pandemic was still ongoing the

researchers encountered certain difficulties which affected their capabilities in gathering

recommendations and suggestions regarding the development of an undergraduate design and due

to that the following statements are not yet final and may be subject to a change.

Having the Scrumban Development as an approach the researchers divided the development

in three phases. Within these three phases are divided tasks known as sprints. Each team member will

acquire a certain sprint and must be able to finish it on a given deadline wherein a deadline will be

posted with the consideration of the team member’s skill and the difficulty of the task.

Preparation Phase. Before anything can be done preparations are needed first. Under this

phase the designers will be looking for procrastinators which will act as the testers during the

development. Along with that they will also research for the necessary knowledge in app

development.

Prototyping and Iteration Phase. Most of the development will be consumed by this phase,

wherein this phase will also be broken into a number of segments for the creation of prototypes, and

the development of those prototypes will be divided into sprints. Major Iterations will be done on

each prototypes while a small change can be implemented on a sprint. Along with that after each
prototype a short testing will be done and depending on the data gathered it will affect the

production of the following prototype and the segregation and making of sprints. Making the user and

developer communication the main factor that will affect the features that will be implemented on

the final product.

Final Testing Phase. The purpose of this phase is mainly to ensure the quality of the output.

Tests will be done to see if the design’s objectives had been achieved and also to see the possible

cons that the design might have. The data acquired on this phase may be used in the future for

further development of similar designs.

Tools and Materials

The following are the tools and materials that the designer’s may use for the development of

the design. The following statements are not yet final and may still be a subject to change.

The designers decided to make an app that would aid the user on their fight against

procrastination, along with the app the researchers would also design an automated box that will be

controlled via the app which would allow the users to lock anything that might feed their
procrastination. Figure 2 show the app and box connection, figure 3 show the block diagram of the

electronics behind the box’s lock feature and figure 4 shows the app’s block diagram.

Figure 2: App and ThMAs Box Connection

Figure 3: ThMAs Box Diagram

 Figure
4: Block Diagram of the ThMAs App

Since the most of the design is software, specifically an android app the designers decided to

have a clean an efficient IDE that will be used for the development. Android Studio is being eyed for

the IDE that will mostly be used during the development stage. It is built under the JetBrains’ IntelliJ

IDEA specifically for the development of applications for the Google’s Android Operating System. One

of its main feature is the Android Virtual Device which allows the developer to instantly see how the

app will run on an android device.

 Figure 5: Android Studio 4.1 (Google LLC and JetBrains Screenshot by Vulphere)

To organize the App’s data SQLite will be used. Which is a relational database management

system. It is not a client-server database engine but instead it is embedded within the program itself.

Due to that it is mainly used as an embedded database software for a local storage in application

softwares.

Figure 6: SQLite Logo, SVG version

For the automated lock feature of the box the designers will use and Arduino Uno to be able to

program the functions of the box. It runs on a 5V power source which would allow the use of some
batteries allowing the box to be portable.

Figure 7: Arduino Uno

The Uno will be needed not only to make automated features but to also allow the

communication between the box and the app, which will be done using Bluetooth, the Uno will be

connected to a Bluetooth module which would constantly listen to the commands done by the

android app.

Figure 8: Bluetooth Module

To lock the box itself the designers will be using a servo motor which will be connected to the

Arduino. The motor will be the one which will be triggered to lock or unlock the box.
Figure 9: Servo Motor
 References

[1] E. Jaffe, "Why Wait? The Science Behind Procrastination," 2013.

[2] R. D. Atkinson, D. D. Castro, S. M. Andes, D. K. Correa, G. Daily, J. L. Gifford and J. A. Hedlund, Digital
Quality of Life: Understanding the Personal & Social Benifits of the Information Technology Revolution,
2008.

[3] R. Devi and P. Dhull, "Procrastination: A Behavior Need to be Changed to get Success," International
Education & Research Journal, vol. 3, no. 5, 2017.

[4] J. R. Ferrari, "Still procrastinating? The no-regrets guide to getting it done," New Jersey, 2010.

[5] I. Hussain and S. Sultan, "Analysis of procrastination among university students," Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 2010.

[6] P. Steel, "The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-
regulatory failure.," in Psychological Bulletin, 133, 2007, p. 65–94.

[7] R. C. Richey and J. D. Klein, "Developmental Research Methods:," Journal of Computing in Higher
Education, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 23-38, 2005.

[8] Z. A. Khan, Scrumban–Adaptive Agile Development Process, 2014, p. 73.

[9] F. Teng and Y. Sun, "Devising An Application to Decrease Procrastination," 2019.

[10] M. R. Ted O'Donoghue, "Choice and Procrastination," 2000.

[11] S. Scott, How to Stop Procrastinating: A Simple Guide to Mastering Difficult Tasks, Oldtown Publishing LLC,
2018.

[12] J. Ray, M. S. Bernstein, D. M. Gregory, Z. Ma, Z. Wu, G. Emami and G. Kovacs, "Conservation of
Procrastination: Do Productivity Interventions Save Time Or Just Redistribute It?," pp. 1-12, May 2019.

[13] D. McRaney, "You are not so smart," 27 October 2010. [Online]. Available:
http://youarenotsosmart.com/2010/10/27/procrastination/.

[14] C. A. Lukas and M. Berking, "Reducing procrastination using a smartphone-based treatment program: A
randomized controlled pilot study," July 6, 2017.

[15] J. Janssen, "Academic Pr Academic Procrastination: Pr astination: Prevalence Among High School and
alence Among High School and," 2015.

[16] G. Hodkinson, M. Healey, " Cognition in organizations. Annu. Rev. Psychology," pp. 387-417, 2008.

[17] Hesoid, Work and Days, 800 B.C.

[18] N. A. Fiore, The Now Habit: A Strategic Program for Overcoming Procrastination and Enjoying Guilt-Free
Play, Penguin Group (USA) Inc, 2007.

[19] J. Ferrari, Still procrastinating? : the no-regrets guide to getting it done, Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons,
2010.

[20] A. Aljarrah, M. K. Thomas and M. Shehab, "Investigating temporal access in a flipped classroom:
 procrastination persists," 2018.

[21] I. Dr. Mitchell, "Kanban board example.jpg," Wikipedia, 2012.

[22] Wikipedia, "SQLite," Wikipedia, 22 May 2021. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLite.

[Accessed 30 May 2021].

[23] Wikipedia, "Android Studio," Wikipedia, 13 May 2021. [Online]. Available:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Studio. [Accessed 30 May 2021].

[24] B. U. Ozer, A. Demir, J. Ferrari, "Reducing academic procrastination through a group treatment program: a
pilot study," J. Ration. Emot. Cogn. Behav. Ther, pp. 127-135, 2013.

[25] T. Urban, "Why Procrastinators Procrastinate," 30 October 2013. [Online]. Available:

https://waitbutwhy.com/2013/10/why-procrastinators-procrastinate.html.

[26] B. R. Tice D.M., "Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: the costs and
benefits of dawdling," Psychol. Sci, pp. 454-458, 1997.

[27] A. T. Stephen, K. Wilcox, J. Laran and P. P. Zubcsek, "How Being Busy Overcomes Procrastination and
Enhances Productivity," January 23, 2014.

[28] P. Steel and C. J. König, "Integrating Theories of Motivation," in Integrating Theories of Motivation, 2006,
p. 889–913.

[29] R. Stead, M. Shanahan, R. Neufeld, "“I'll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental
health," Personal. Individ. Differ., pp. 175-180, 2010.

[30] L. Solomon, E. Rothblum, "Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive- behavioral correlates.,"
Journal of Counseling Psychology, pp. 503-509, 1984.

[31] F. Sirois and T. Pychyl, "Procrastination and the Priority of Short-Term Mood," Social and Personality
Psychology Compass, 7, pp. 115 - 127, 2013.

[32] H. C. Schouwenburg, "Procrastination in academic settings: General introduction.," in Counseling the

procrastinator in academic settings, 2004, p. 3–17.

[33] Schmidt, A. M. Dolis, C. M. Tolli and A. P. , "A matter of time: Individual differences, contextual dynamics,
and goal progress effects on multiple-goal self-regulation," Journal of Applied Psychology, pp. 692-709,
2009.

[34] A. Rigby, "Time Management," The Top 7 Time Management Theories Tested & Reviewed, 7 Febuary
2021.

[35] S. Procraster, "ProCasterApp," [Online]. Available: https://procrasterapp.com/.

[36] S. Piers, "How to stop putting things off and start getting stuff done," in The Procrastination Equation,
Toronto, Canada, Vintage Canada, 2010.

[37] S. Petz, "Procrastination down to a science," Macleans on Campus, 2011.

[38] N. Patel, "The Psychology of Instant Gratification and How It Will Revolutionize Your Marketing
Approach," 2014.
[39] C. Naturil-Alfonso, D. S. Peñaranda, J. Vicente and F. Marco-Jiménez, "Procrastination: the poor time
management among university students," 2018.

[40] E. Mattila, J. Pärkkä, M. Hermersdorf, J. Kaasinen, J. Vainio, K. Samposalo, J. Merilahti, J. Kolari, M. Kulju,
R. Lappalainen, I. Korhonen, " Mobile diary for wellness management—results on usage and usability in
two user studies.," IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed, pp. 501-512, 2008.

[41] P. M., "Human-computer input and output techniques: an analysis of current research and promising
applications.," Artif. Intell. Rev, pp. 197-226, 2011.

[42] K. H. Ly, J. A. Dahl, P. Carlbring, G. Andersson, "Development and Initial Evaluation of a Smartphone
Application Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy," SpringerPlus, p. 11, 2012.

[43] R. G. Lord, J. M. Diefendorff, A. M. Schmidt and R. J. Hall, "Self-Regulation at Work," Annual Review of
Psychology, pp. 543-548, 2010.

[44] R. M. H. W. &. K. KLASSEN, "Encyclopedia of Adolescence," Procrastination. In R. J. Levesque (Ed.), pp.

2181-2186, 2011.

[45] J. Kim, "Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies,"
GoalKeeper, pp. 1-29, 2019.

[46] A. Juarascio, S. Manasse, S. Goldstein, E. Forman, M. Butryn, "Review of smartphone applications for the
treatment of eating disorders.," Eur. Eat. Disord, pp. 1-11, 2015.

[47] D. Foroux, "How Common Is Procrastination? A Study," 4 July 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://medium.com/darius-foroux/how-common-is-procrastination-a-study-80869467c3f3.

[48] F. I. Flipd, "FlippdApp," 2018. [Online]. Available: m http://www.flipdapp.co.

[49] J. Ferrari, J. Parker, C. Ware, "Academic Procrastination: Personality Correlates With Myers-Briggs Types,
Self-efficacy, and Academic Locus of Control," pp. 495-502, 1992.

[50] J. R. Ferrari, J. F. Díaz-Morales, J. O’Callaghan, K. Díaz and D. Argumedo, "Frequent behavioral delay
tendencies by adults: International prevalence rates of chronic procrastination.," Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 38, p. 458–464, 2007.

[51] Y. S. Felianne Teng, "Devising An Application to Decrease Procrastination," Journal of Computers, 2019.

[52] O. Fatimah, L. Zm, R. Khairudin, W. S. W. Sulaiman, "Procrastination’s relation with fear of failure,
competence expectancy and intrinsic," Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, pp. 123-127,
2011.

[53] E. Dittmar, "Integrating Mobile Learning Technologies," Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning,
pp. 1484-1492, 2013.

[54] K. Wertenbroch, D. Ariely, "Procrastination, deadlines, and performance: Self control by

precommitment," Psychological Science, pp. 219-224, 2002.

[55] K. Buchholz, "Where Do People Spend the Most Time on Social Media?," 17 November 2020. [Online].
Available: https://www.statista.com/chart/18983/time-spent-on-social-media/.

[56] G. beswick, E. Rothblum, L. Mann, "Psychological antecedents of student procrastination," Australian

 Psychologist, pp. 207-217, 1988.

[57] D. Ben-Zeev, S. Schieller, M. Begale, J. Duffecy, J. Kane, D. Mohr, "Strategies for mHealth research: lessons
from 3 mobile intervention studies.," Admin. Pol. Ment. Health, p. 157–167, 2015.

[58] E. Alexander, A. Onwuegbuzie, "Academic procrastination and the role of hope as a coping strategy,"
Personality and Individual Differences, pp. 1301-1310, 2006.

[59] A. Albwi, J. McAlaney, M. Altuwairiqi, A. Stefanidis and R. Ali, Procrastination on Social Networks: Triggers
and Countermeasures, Društvo psihologa Srbije, 2020.

[60] S. Achor, The Happiness Advantage: The Seven Principles of Positive Psychology That Fuel Success and
Performance at Work, Currency, 2010, p. 149.

[61] J. Kühnel, C. Syrek and A. Dreher, "Why Don’t You Go to Bed on Time? A Daily Diary Study on the
Relationships between Chronotype, Self-Control Resources and the Phenomenon of Bedtime
Procrastination," Frontiers in Psychology, 2018.

[62] Study: Brain battles itself over short-term rewards, long-term goals, 2004.

[63] B. Kamphorst, M. CA. Klein, A. V. Wissen, "Autonomous e-coaching in the wild: empirical validation of a
model based reasoning system", Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on Autonomous
agents and multi-agent systems, pp. 725-732, 2014.

HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE, INC.

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Main Campus: Sta. Ana Avenue 8000 Davao City
Other Campuses: Camudmud (IGACOS) and Bajada (SOS Drive)

Acceptance Letter

This is to certify that with the terms agreed with Ulyses Gerald Gotera, Khient
Bryan Medequillo, Emily Joyce Sonsona and, Melwin John Torculas as designers of
the design project entitled “ThMAs” – The Me Assistant A tool to assist the user fight
procrastination, I agree to be one with them in their endeavor, thus giving them the
assistance they need in pursuing the functionality of their device up to its full
potential.

Signed 4th day of September, in the year of our Lord, 2021.

ENGR. REYNANTE ALILING,PCpE, ME-ECE

BSCpE/BSECE Program Chairperson Holy
Cross of Davao College
Sta. Ana Avenue 8000 Davao City

Tel. Nos.: (082) 221-9071 to 79 • Telefax: (082) 221-3008 • Email: engineerhcdc@yahoo.com • Website: http://www.hcdc.edu.ph/ Accredited:
PAASCU, PACUCOA, ISO 9001:2008 • Member: APCAS, APSCUR, ATEIM, BEAM, CEAP, CHED, COCOPEA,
COME, DACS, DACUN, DCCII, FAAP, PAASCU, PACSB, PACUCOA, PAFTE, PAGE, PAMI, PERAA, PRISAA, UMAP

Putting you ahead by providing affordable, quality,

Critical Path Calculation

A+B+D+E+F+G+H+I+L+M+O+P = Total Number of Days 7+7+21+7+7+7+63+7+21+28+14 =

189 Days

Other Path Calculation:

A+B+C+E+F+G+H+I+J+K+M+N+P = Total Number of Days

7+7+21+7+7+7+63+7+7+7+28+14 = 182 Days

A. Researching and Gathering Information

 During this activity the designers gathered the necessary data needed to further make the
design plan much more detailed. Which is also needed to see if the design is viable given the
limited time provided for the production.

B. Preparation of Necessary Documents

This activity is where the designers prepared the necessary documents, like letters of
approval and the papers that will be necessary to foresee the events that will occur during
productions. Providing the schedules of the important tasks and assigning them to a specific
member.

C. Development Research

This activity is where the designers will further research the tools needed for the
production, having the pandemic in mind.
D. Preparation and Proposal Defense

This activity is where the designers will prepare for the Proposal Defense, gathering all the
necessary documents, ideas and data that will be needed.

E. Structuring and Finalization

This activity is where the designers will finalize all the necessary plans for the production.
Further reviewing the needed parts of the design, the schedule and resources needed for it.

F. Prototyping and Purchasing

This activity is where the designers would start making the very core prototypes of the design.
Along with that they will also start purchasing the necessary parts for the hardware included on the
design.

G. Development Preparation

This activity is where the designers would start to really finalize all the parts of the design.
Things like the overall structure of the design will be discussed by the members and along with that is
the finalization of the project flow having the online set-up.

H. Implementation

In this activity, the designers will start making the project itself. Each member have their own
role having their own task and each will have a constant communication with one another. The tasks
done by each member would depend on the finding that was found during the done researches and the
agreed upon final design during the Development Preparation.

I. Initial Testing

After the implementation of the design the designers will start testing out all of the parts of
the design. Checking if all the wanted functionalities are met.

J. Troubleshooting/Bug Fixing

Issues and bugs found during the Initial testing will be addressed by the designers during this
activity.

K. Final Testing
 After fixing all of the issues and bugs the designers will conduct final testing and prepare the
design for the evaluation of its functionalities.

L. Preparation and Technical Defense

This is the activity wherein the design will be evaluated based on the researchers’ proposed
objectives of the design.

M. Evaluation of the Overall Design

In this activity, the design will be used by real world users and will be evaluated based on how it
performed on real events.

N. Final Documentation

In this activity, the gathered data from the testing will be documented. Anything that has been
documented will be then evaluated for further future improvements.

O. Final Defense Preparation

This activity is where the designers would prepare for the Final Defense, gathering all the
necessary knowledge, documents and data that will be essential for the Final Defense.

P. Final Defense

This is where everything about the design will be evaluated and checked.
3D Automated Lock Box