CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Data Analysis and Presentation

This chapter presents the results and discusses the findings obtained on Air pollution and

industrial waste management in Ogbodoroko, Asa Local Government Area, Kwara State.

Questionnaires was administered for this study. The researcher adopted a quantitative

research method. The questionnaire was the primary tool that was used to gather research

data, the data collected from the responses was analyzed using the Statistical Package for

Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for Windows. The results are presented in the form of

graphs, cross tabulations and other figures for the quantitative data that was collected. The

hypotheses were tested using Paired Sample T-test; which are interpreted using the p-values.

The researcher distributed a total of 50 questionnaires.

Figure 4.1: Shows the duration of stay

Duration of Stay

30%
less than 5yrs
6-15yrs
15-20yrs
55%
more than 20yrs
10%
5%

Figure 4.1 shows that most of the respondents within the area had lived there long enough to

feel the effects of air pollution by industries.55% of respondents have lived less than 5 years,
5% have lived in the location for 6 to 15 years, 10% have lived in the location for 15 to 20

years while 30 % of the respondent have stayed for more than 20 years

Table 4.1 showing Educational levels of respondents

Level of Education Frequency Percentage (%)

None 0 0

Primary 0 0

Secondary 33 66

Post-secondary 17 34

Total 50 100

The levels of education among the households are indicated in the table 4.1 According to the

table all respondents were past primary level. 48% were of secondary level while 52% of

post-secondary level. With education one has basic reading and writing skills and are aware

of current issues of concern thus were in better position to comprehend the issue at hand.

Figure 4.2 chart of causes of air pollution and type of health complications due to poor

air quality
From figure 4.2 it can be deduced that industries are the major cause of pollution in an

environment and frequent cough is the greatest effect pollution has on individuals with about

76.4% chance of occurrence. Chances of individuals exposed to traffic having no health issue

is about 16.7%, 58.3% chance of having Frequent cough and about 8.3% of wheezing.

Domestic emissions as a factor also as cause of pollution has 16.7% chance of individuals

having no health issue, 16.7% chance having frequent cough, 20% chance of Nasal

congestion and about 16.7% chance of wheezing.

Welch Two Sample t-test

Data: Complication and Cause

t = -4.0124, df = 186.52, p-value = 8.695e-05

Alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0

95 percent confidence interval: -0.7379846, -0.2514891

Sample estimates: mean of x mean of y

1.147368, 1.642105
The t-test statistic shows that the test leads to rejection of Ho in favor of H1 with p-value of

8.696e05 which is less than 0.05, therefore with certainty of about 95%, air pollution from

industries is said to have a higher effect on population.

Figure 4.3: Level of awareness about legal provisions on air pollution

Fig4.3: From the graphical presentation, it reveals the level of awareness about legal

provision on air pollution, 20% of respondents were aware while 80% of respondents were

not aware

Figure 4.4: Effectiveness of management of air pollution by industries

 Effectiveness management of air pollution by industries
80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Low Moderate High Very High

Fig 4.4: 75% of the respondents cited ineffectiveness in the management of air pollution by

industries, 33% were satisfied while 10% termed it as fair.

4.1. Discussion

Figure 4.1 shows that most of the respondents within the area had lived there long enough to

feel the effects of air pollution by industries.55% of respondents have lived less than 5 years,

5% have lived in the location for 6 to 15 years, 10% have lived in the location for 15 to 20

years while 30 % of the respondent have stayed for more than 20 years, this is in agreement

with a study carried out by (Benjamin,2014) in Nairobi county on the management of

industrial air pollution in industrial area where results shows that respondents have lived

there long enough to feel the effects of air pollution by industries.

The levels of education among the households are indicated in the table 4.1 According to the

table all respondents were past primary level. 48% were of secondary level while 52% of

post-secondary level. With education one has basic reading and writing skills and are aware

of current issues of concern thus were in better position to comprehend the issue at hand. This

is in agreement with (chin et al 2019) where 65.4% of respondents were equipped with a

tertiary educational attainment.

figure 4.2 was from a cross tabulation of causes of air pollution and type of health

complications due to poor air quality it deduced that industries are the major cause of

pollution in an environment and frequent cough is the greatest effect pollution has on

individuals with about 76.4% chance of occurrence. Chances of individuals exposed to traffic

having no health issue is about 16.7%, 58.3% chance of having Frequent cough and about

8.3% of wheezing. Domestic emissions as a factor also as a cause of pollution has 16.7%

chance of individuals having no health issue, 16.7% chance having frequent cough, 20%

chance of Nasal congestion and about 16.7% chance of wheezing, the t-test statistic shows

that the test leads to rejection of Ho in favor of H1 with p-value of 8.696e -05 which is less than

0.05, therefore with certainty of about 95%, air pollution from industries is said to have an

effect on population. This is not in agreement with (chin et al 2019) where respondents from

Malaysia reported significantly fewer cases of air pollution-caused respiratory disease among

the household (16.5%; p < .05)

Figure 4.3 reveals the level of awareness about legal provision on air pollution, 20% of

respondents were aware while 80% of respondents were not aware, this is not in agreement

with (chin et al 2019) where over 60% of respondents were aware of legal provisions towards

the air quality at study sites despite the presence of harmful levels of air pollution. 

Figure 4.4 shows that 75% of the respondents cited ineffectiveness in the management of air

pollution by industries, 33% were satisfied while 10% termed it as fair, this result is in

agreement with (Benjamin,2014) where 70% of the respondents cited ineffectiveness in the

coordination of the existing policies and legislation in the management of air pollution by

industries in Nairobi, Kenya.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0  CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1  Conclusion

In conclusion, findings shows that the industries in Ogbodoroko, Asa Local Government has

impacted negatively as a result of their industrial activities, if this situation is not checked, it

will lead to environmental disaster as nobody selects the air he/she breaths. A very high

percentage of the population also lack knowledge on legal provisions on air pollution from

industries like minimum essential air quality standards for human, animal, marine and plant

health or the use of appropriate means to reduce emission to permissible levels by industries,

for an effective management strategy, implementation and coordination mechanisms are to be

put in place. Existing management strategies are capable of achieving management of

industrial air pollution, but need has arisen for new institutions based on the perspective of

regional and local development committees. It should further be noted that although

industrial air pollution is managed at various levels in the political and socio-economic

systems, sustainable environmental management requires the development of relevant

institutions in appropriate levels of management to govern air pollution by industries. Proper

integration with other pollution related management systems should be put into account.

Capacity building in the relevant institutions is an important constituent in the

implementation of a management strategy.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

The following recommendations were made;

 Enforcement of bylaws that regulate industrial air pollution e.g. testing of chemical
content in fumes before being released to ensure they meet the international threshold
allowed.

 Application of self-regulation mechanisms by industries.

 Setting up of monitoring and evaluation units to ensure consistent check on the

industries involved.
  Cleaner production dealing with air pollution at the source.

 Use of electric /solar powered generators/safer energy in production.

 Industries should be located in their own designated areas away from residential
areas.

 Emitted smoke/gases should be screened before being let out in the air.

 The Ministry of Environment through the public health authorities should adequately
educate all of the members of the community; the environmental health authorities
should also have a monitoring system for the environment and industries.

 Monthly stack emission test should be carried out by industry and report produced for
corrections/mitigation action and for presentation to environmental regulatory
agencies.

 Finally, the quality of air around the community needs to be regularly monitored to
ensure compliance of the presence of the company within the community with
recommended regulations.

Reference

Benjamin sitati 2014 management of industrial air polution in industrial area of the nairobi

county

Chin Yunn Shin Jocelyne, Laura De PrettoI, Vivek Thuppi Matthew J. Ashfold 2019 Public

awareness and support for environmental protection—A focus on air pollution in peninsular

Malaysia Public awareness and support for environmental protection#_#x2014;A focus on air

pollution in peninsular Malaysia (storage.googleapis.com)