General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 17: Representing Real-Life Situations Using Exponential Functions

SHS
General
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 17:
Representing Real-life Situations
Using Exponential Functions
i
General Mathematics - SHS
Quarter 1 – Week 5, Module 17: Representing Real-life Situations Using
Exponential Functions
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module

Writers: Sonia Velitario – Moral
Editor: Desiree R. Euste
Reviewers: Sarah Christine P. Godoy
Simeon D. Brillantes
Illustrator: Joseph Alvin A. Moral
Layout Artist: Jhomar B. Jaravata
Cover Art: Jed Adra
Representing Real-life Situations Using
Exponential Functions
Introduction
This module will aid you as a student in representing real-life

situations using exponential functions. In here, you will be exposed to variety
of real-life problems that can be represented by exponential functions. It contains
practice tasks for you to develop the skills and competency.
Objectives
At the end of this module, the learner must be able to represent real-life
situations using exponential functions. (M11GM-Ie-3)
Vocabulary List
The following terms will be used in this module. They are defined as follows:
• Function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value or one element in the range by some rule.
• Exponential function with base b.

The function f(x) = bx where b>0, b≠1 and x is any real number.
• Exponential Growth is the increase in number or size at a constantly growing

rate.
• Exponential Decay is the increase in number or size at a constantly decaying

or decreasing rate.
• Half-life of a radio active substance is the time it takes for half of the substance
to decay.
1
PRE-TEST
Try Me!
Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on your answer
sheet. If the question has no answer from the given choices, write E.
1. The half-life life of a certain radio-active substance is 20 days and there are 30g initially.
Which of the functions will help you to determine the remaining substance after x days?
a. f(x) = 30 (1/2)x/20 c. f(x) = 30 (1/2)20/x
x/20
b. f(x) = 1/2(30) d. f(x) = 1/2(30)20/x
2. A population of 2000 triples every 15 years. What function will give the population after x
years?
a. f(x) = 2000x+15 + 3 c. f(x) = 2000(3)15x
x/15
b. f(x) = 3(2000) d. f(x) = 2000 (3)x/15
3. Johanna Alisha bought a mountain bike, which she will use as her mode of
transportation during this pandemic time. The bike is worth PhP 20 000.00. Suppose its
value decreases by 10% each year. Which of the functions will determine the bike’s
value after x years?
a. y = 20000 (1.1)x c. y = 10(50000)x
x
b. y = 20000 (0.9) d. y = 20000 (9)x
4. Jane Alvinia invested in a company that offers 8% compounded annually. If her initial
deposit is PhP 300 000.00. Determine the function that will give the total maturity value
of her investment after t years.
a. y = 0.08(300 000)x c. y = 300 000(1.08)x
x
b. y = 300 000 (0.08) d. y = 300 000 (1.08)8x
5. Your Math teacher invested PhP 50 000.00 in a bank that offers 4% interest rate
compounded semi-annually. How much money will your teacher have after x years?
a. y = 50000x+2 c. y = 50000(1.04)2x
2x
b. y = 4(50000) d. y = 50000 (1.02)2x
2
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
There are a lot of real-life situations which can be represented or modelled by

exponential function. Examples of naturally occurring relationships that can be represented
or modelled by exponential functions are, but not limited to, population growth, exponential
decay, compound interest, and growth of an epidemic.
Representing real-life situations using exponential function will help you to predict
the trend of growing population, half-life, or even plan your budget.
Representing real-life situations in this module is putting the problems into a single
exponential function.
Here are some definitions or concepts that will help you represent real-life situations
using exponential function.
Definition 1:
A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only
one value or one element in the range by some rule.
Definition 2:
Exponential function with base b.
The function f(x) = bx where b>0, b≠1 and x is any real number.
• Here are some examples of exponential functions whose base b is greater

than zero, that is b>1 .
a. y = 2x where b=2
b. y = 3x +1 where b=3
c. f(x) = 52x -1 where b =5
• Here are some examples of exponential function whose base b is greater

than zero but less than 1, that is 0<b<1
a. y = (½)x where b =1/2
b. y = (1/3)x where b =1/3
c. f(x) = 0.1x where b = 0.1
3
• Counterexamples. Functions below are NOT exponential functions.
a. y = (-2)x is not an exponential function because b = -2

which is less than 0, by definition, b>0.
b. f(x) = 1x is not an exponential function because b = 1,

by definition, the value of b should not be 1, that is b≠1.
• You must remember that all functions shall use the notation f(x) or y with
equal (=) symbol, such as in the exponential function f(x) = 2x or y = 2.
Definition 3:
A transformation of an exponential function with base b is a function of
the form
f(x) = abx-c + d or y = abx-c + d
where b>0 or 0<b<1, and b≠1 and a, c and d are real numbers.
Based on the transformation of exponential function, generally we can model a certain

real-life situations such as the situations below:
Population growth or exponential growth can be generally modeled by

y = abx or y = a(1+r)x
where,
y is the population after x time;
a is the initial amount
b is the growth factor which is equal to 1+r
r is the rate of growth as decimal
x is the number of time interval had passed
Exponential decay can be generally modeled by

y = abx or y = a(1-r)x
where,
y is the population after t time;
b is the decay factor which is equal to 1-r
r is the rate of decay as decimal
4
𝑟
Compound Interest can be generally modeled by A = P(1+𝑛)nt
where ,
A is the compound amount;
P is the principal amount
r rate of interest
t is the time
n is the frequency of conversion or number of conversion
period
Note:
• conversion period is the time between successive conversions of
interest.
• It can be annually meaning n=1; semi-annually, n=2; quarterly, n=4;
monthly, n=12.
In representing real-life situations using exponential functions, we must follow these

steps:
Steps on Representing Real-Life Situations using Exponential Functions
1. What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

growth, exponential decay, compound interest, etc.)
2. What is the exponential model that can be used? (Determine the exponential
model appropriate to be used.)
3. What are the given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
4. Write a number sentence or write the function. (Represent the problem using
the exponential function by substituting the given to the generic exponential
function).
5
Let us try the following sample problems:
Example 1:
In this time of pandemic, a certain province has initially 3 infected cases of
covid19 virus. If the virus will not be contained, it will double every month. What
function will represent its growth after x months?
Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

growth or exponential growth, exponential decay, compound interest, …
The problem is on population growth or exponential growth.
Step 2: What is the exponential model that can be used? (Determine the exponential
model appropriates to be used.)
where, y is the population after x time;

Step 3: What are the given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
a=3
b = 2 (because it says doubles)
x = x months
Step 4: Write a number sentence or write the function. (Represent the problem using
the
exponential function by substituting the given to the generic exponential
form).
y = abx
y = 3(2)x
Therefore, the function that represents the population after x years is
y = 3 (2)x
6
Example 2:
A population of 2000 triples every 30 years. What function will give the total
population after x years?

where, y is the population after x time;

a = 2000
b = 3 (because it says triples)
𝑥
x= years
30
form).
y = abx
y = 2000(3)x/30
y = 2000 (3)x/30
7
Example 3:
In 2015 Census, the population of Lupi, a town in Camarines Sur, is 32,167 with
an annual rate of increase of 1.5%. What function models the future growth?

where,
y is the population after x time;
a = 32, 167
r = 0.015
b = 1.015
x = 𝑥 years
form).
y = abx
y = 32 167(1.015)x
or
y = a(1+r)x
y = 32 167 (1+0.015)x
y = 32 167(1.015)x
y = 32 167 (1.015)x
8
Example 4:
The half-life life of a certain radio-active substance is 10 days and there are 20 g
initially. Determine the remaining substance after x days? What function will determine
the remaining substance?

The problem is on exponential decay or half-life.
where,
a = 20 g
1
b = (since it is half-life)
2
𝑥
x= days
10
form).
y = abx
1
y = 20 (2)x/10
Therefore, the function that represents the remaining substance after x days is
1
y = 20 (2)x/10
9
Example 5:
A new motorcycle costs PhP 150 000.00. The value decreases 12% each year.
Write an exponential function representing the motorcycle value after t years.

growth
or exponential growth, exponential decay, compound interest, …
The problem is on exponential decay.
where,
a = PhP 150 000.00
b = (1- 0.12) or 0.88
r = 0.12
x = t years
form).
y = abx
y = 150 000(0.88)t
or
y = 150 000(1- 0.12)t
y = 150 000 (0.88)t
Therefore, the function that represents the remaining substance after x days
is
y = 150 000 (0.88)t
10
Example 6:
Ednard Jason puts PhP 1 000.00 into an account to be used for his school
expenses. The account earns 6% interest, compounded annually. What function
represents his total amount of money after investing it for x years?

The problem is on compound interest.
𝑟
A = P(1+𝑛)nt
where A is the compound amount;
r rate of interest
t is the time
n is the frequency of conversion or number of
conversion
period
P= PhP 1000.00
r = 6% or 0.06
n = 1, since it is compounded annually
t = x years
form).
𝑟
A = P(1+ )nt
𝑛
0.06 1(x)
A = 1 000(1+ 1
)
A=1 000(1.06)x
Therefore, the function that represents the amount after x years is
A = 1 000(1.06)x
11
Example 7:
Jonah Allyson invested PhP 5 000.00 in a bank at 6% compounded semi-
annually. Write an exponential function that will give Jonah Allyson the total amount of
her investment after x years.

The problem is on compound interest.
𝑟
A = P(1+𝑛)nt
where A is the compound amount;
r rate of interest
t is the time
n is the frequency of conversion or number of
conversion
period
P= PhP 5 000.00
r = 6% or 0.06
n = 2, since it is compounded semi-annually
t = x years
the exponential function by substituting the given to the generic
exponential form).
𝑟
A = P(1+𝑛)nt
0.06 2(x)
A = 5 000(1+ 2
)
A= 1000(1.06)x
Therefore, the function that represents the amount after x years is
A = 5 000(1.03)2x
Let’s check your understanding!
12
PRACTICE TASK 1
Match Me!
Direction: Match the real-life situations at the COLUMN A with the correct exponential
representations at the COLUMN B. Write the letters that correspond to your answers on your
answer sheet.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Moral twins invested PhP 2 000.00 in CARD Bank which a. y = 2 000 (1.06)4x
offers 6% interest rate compounded quarterly. How much
b. y = 100(3)x/2
money will they have after x years?
c. y =75(2)20/x
2. Jon-jon and the twins’ brother bought a brand new car
worth PhP 800 000.00. Its value decreases 15% each year. d. y =75(2)x/20
Determine the car’s value after x years.
1
e. y = 56(2)x/12
3. JV has a beehive. If at the start, there are 100 bees in the
beehive and it triples its number every 2 years. Represents f. y = 800 000(0.85)x
the number of bees after x years.
1
g. y = 56 (2)12x
4. Bacteria doubles every 20 minutes. If there are 75 bacteria
initially, write an exponential function representing the
h. y = 800 000(1.15)x
number of bacteria after x minutes.
i. . y = 100(3)2x
5. The half-life of a radioactive kind of elements is 12 days.
How much will be left after x days, if you start with 56 grams j. y = 2 000 (1.015)4x
of it? Write a function that will help you find the remaining
substance.
Continue practicing your skills….
13
PRACTICE TASK 2
Represent Me!
Direction: Answer the following questions.
For items 1-2: Use the problem below to answer the following questions.
Your mother invested PhP 10,000.00 in an investment institution at 5%

compounded semi-annually for x years.
1. Construct a function that will represent the total amount of investment of your mother.
2. Suppose it will be invested quarterly not semi-annually, what function will represent
the total amount of investment for x years?
The half-life of a radioactive substance is 20 hours and the original

amount of substance is 100 g.
3. What is the remaining substance after x hours? Represent your answer in function
form.
4. If the original substance was changed to 25g, what exponential function represents
the remaining substance after x hours?
Very Good!
Go deeper….practice more….
14
PRACTICE TASK 3
Think Deeply!
1. Let x = time in years. At x = 0, there were initially 200 ants in a colony. If the
population of the ant doubles every 2 years, give an exponential model
representing the number of ants in the colony after x years.
2. Mr. and Mrs. Dalisay bought a brand new car worth PhP 1 800 000.00. The car
value depreciates at 8% yearly. Give a function that represents the car value after t
years.
3. Mr. A.J. Moral borrowed PhP 250 000.00 in a lending institution who offers an
interest rate of 6% compounded monthly. Create a function that could represent his
total amount due after x years.
Good job !
You are now ready for the next test…
15
POST-TEST
Check Your Understanding!
Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on your answer sheet. If
the question has no answer from the given choices, write E.
1. Lola Flora bought a stock worth PhP 150 000.00 in a stock Company. Its value
increases by 1.5% each year. Which function represents the value of the stock
after x years?
a. y = 150 000 (1.15)x c. y = 150 000 (1.015)x
b. y = 150 000 (1.15)x d. y = 150 000 (1.0015)x
2. If the stock bought by Lola Flora (in item no. 1) decreases its value by 0.5% each
year instead of increase, what function could model the value of the stock after x
years?
a. y = 150 000 (1.005)x c. y = 150 000 (0.995)x
b. y = 150 000 (1.05)x d. y = 150 000 (0.95)x
3. Initially, there is a 500 grams of radio-active compounds. If its half-life is 5 years,

represents the amount of substance left after x years.
a. f(x) = 500 (1/5)x c. f(x) = 500 (1/2)x
x/5
b. f(x) = 500 (5) d. f(x) = 500 (1/2)x/5
A farmer deposited PhP 10 000.00 in a bank that offers 2% compounded

monthly.
4. What is the number of conversion period?

a. 10 000 b. 12 c. 0.02 d. 1
5. Which function represents the maturity value of the farmer’s money after x years?
a. y = 10 000 (1.02)x c. y = 10 000 (1.02)12x
x
b. y = 10 000 (1.0017) d. y = 10 000 (1.0017)12x
Congratulations!
You did it!
16
ASSIGNMENT
Try it by Yourself!
Currently, we are experiencing a world health crisis due to

covid19 pandemic. Create a problem using the world scenario of
this pandemic which can be represented by an exponential
function.
Happy creating…
Goodluck!
References:
1. Department of Education. (2016). General Mathematics Learner’s Material First
Edition. Lexicon Press Inc.
2. Oronce, O A. and Mendoza, O. , Exploring Mathematics: Advanced Algebra and
Trigonometry IV
3. https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r05/camarines-sur/lupi.html
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivX0lI6oGCw
5. https://brilliant.org/wiki/exponential-functions/
17
ANSWER KEY
Pre-test:
1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. d
Practice Task 1:
1. j 2. f 3. b 4. d 5. e
Practice Task 2:
1. y = 10 000 (1.025)2x
2. y = 10 000 (1.0125)4x
3. y = 100 (1/2) x/20
4. y = 25 (1/2) x/20
Practice Task 3:
1. f(x) = 200 (2)x/2
2. y = 1 800 000 (0.92)t
3. y = 250 000 (1.005)12x
Post Test:
1. c 2.c 3. d 4. b 5. d
18
19

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SHS

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Development Team of the Module

This module will aid you as a student in representing real-life

• Exponential function with base b.

• Exponential Growth is the increase in number or size at a constantly growing

• Exponential Decay is the increase in number or size at a constantly decaying

There are a lot of real-life situations which can be represented or modelled by

• Here are some examples of exponential functions whose base b is greater

c. f(x) = 52x -1 where b =5

• Here are some examples of exponential function whose base b is greater

a. y = (-2)x is not an exponential function because b = -2

b. f(x) = 1x is not an exponential function because b = 1,

Based on the transformation of exponential function, generally we can model a certain

Population growth or exponential growth can be generally modeled by

Exponential decay can be generally modeled by

In representing real-life situations using exponential functions, we must follow these

Steps on Representing Real-Life Situations using Exponential Functions

1. What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on population growth or exponential growth.

where, y is the population after x time;

Therefore, the function that represents the population after x years is

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on population growth or exponential growth.

where, y is the population after x time;

Therefore, the function that represents the population after x years is

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on population growth or exponential growth.

Therefore, the function that represents the population after x years is

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on exponential decay or half-life.

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on exponential decay.

y = 150 000 (0.88)t

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on compound interest.

Step 1: What is the type of real-life scenario? (Determine whether it is a population

The problem is on compound interest.

Let’s check your understanding!

Continue practicing your skills….

Direction: Answer the following questions.

Your mother invested PhP 10,000.00 in an investment institution at 5%

The half-life of a radioactive substance is 20 hours and the original

Check Your Understanding!

3. Initially, there is a 500 grams of radio-active compounds. If its half-life is 5 years,

A farmer deposited PhP 10 000.00 in a bank that offers 2% compounded

4. What is the number of conversion period?

Currently, we are experiencing a world health crisis due to

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