COTTON LEAF DISEASE DETECTION AND

PREDICTION WEBAPP
Yogeshwar khandagre
Yogkhandagre444@gmail.com
Mrs. Sherin Eliyas
sherine@hindustanuniv.ac.in
Department of Computer Applications
Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur chennai
 Abstract—
Cotton plant is one of the cash crops in India. As
most part of the Indian financial system is dependent on
agriculture production. Agriculture is one of the
important professions in many countries including India.
For more profit its intense care is necessary. The
taxonomy and identification of crop infection got much
importance in technical as well as economic in the
Agricultural Industry. While keeping track of diseases in
plants with the help of specialists can be very costly in
agriculture region. There is a need for a system which
can automatically detect the diseases as it can bring
revolution in monitoring large fields of crop and then
plant leaves can be taken cure as soon as possible after
detection of disease. The aim of the proposed system is to
develop an application which recognizes cotton leaf
diseases. Our Goal Is build a website where we can
upload an image of any cotton plant leaf and this website
it will tell you information about which decease it is on
plant and how we can treat plant decease. Cotton farmer
need to upload the image and then with the help of
image processing we can get a digitized color image of a
diseased leaf and then we can proceed with applying
CNN to predict cotton leaf disease. Many researchers
are using machine learning for early detections of cotton
plant disease. Convolution neural network (CNN) is a
deep feed forward artificial neural network. This
algorithm is little faster as compared to other
classification algorithms. In this paper, CNN is used for
classification of the diseased portion of cotton plant
images. 
Keywords— agriculture production with AI, AI based
website, Deep Convolution neural network , Artificial
neural network
1.Introduction
In India most of the land is used for agriculture purpose.
It is also the back support for Indian farmer’s financial
condition. In recent days, huge amount of loss in quality
and quantity of cotton yield due to different diseases
affecting the plant There are various diseases which
obstruct the growth of crops in fields which may cause huge
loss in the quality of products. Nowadays image processing
is used a lot for detecting such diseases, Pests like the germ,
fungus, and microorganisms are main cause of the disease to
crops due to failure in excellence and extent of production.
It is huge loss to the farmer.
This paper is based on Artificial Intelligence system
especially Deep learning. As Farmer, we know Farmer can’t
solve Farm’s complex and even small problems due to lack
of perfect education. So as AI enthusiastic we decided to
solve this problem using the latest technology like AI. In
which implements Convolutional Neural Network to detect
cotton leaf diseases. Cnn is easy to use for discover
infection created by Bacteria and environmental effects. In
early stage Disease detection is challenging task for farmers
where physical presence is a must. Disease detection and
recognition is the very important. There are various
algorithms in image processing for disease recognition by
image classification like KNN, SVM, Random Forest,
Artificial Neural Network and CNN.
We all know many Farmer can’t solve Farm’s complex
and even small problems due to lack of perfect education.
The goal of this application is to develop a system which
recognizes crop diseases. Our Goal Is build a website where
we can upload an image of any cotton plant leaf and this
website it will tell you information about which decease it is
on plant and how we can treat plant decease.
A. Purpose of Proposed System:
1. Developing a user-friendly web-based system for
farmers.
2. Recognizing Cotton leaf diseases accurately from
input images.
3. Providing corrective and preventive measures for
the detected diseases
4. Provide disease information and treatment solution
for disease.
B. Cotton leaf diseases focused:
1. Alter aria Macrospore.
2. Bacterial Blight.
2.Literature Review
In recent year, limited number of works has been done
related to cotton disease classification, cotton stage
Identification using deep learning models.
S.Batmavady, S.Samundeeswari [1] focused on applying
image processing and neural network techniques to identify
the diseased cotton leaf. The leaf images are taken from
village plant dataset. Segmentation is done using FCM
Techniques and classification is done by RBF Neural
network.
Muhammad Waseem Tahir et al.[2] gives a novel fungus
dataset for the detection of fungus using CNN and
distinguish different types of fungus. The designed CNN
architecture gives 94.8% accuracy with 5 fold validation.
Sukhvir Kaur et al. [3] provide a technique for the detection
of disease from Soybean leaf images. A rule-based
semiautomatic system using concepts of k-means is
designed and implemented to distinguish healthy leaves
from diseased leaves. The experiment is performed on color
features, texture features, and their combinations to train
three models based on support vector machine classifier.
Using SVM classify the proposed system classify the leaf
disease in 3 classes like i.e. downy mildew, frog eye, and
sectorial leaf blight etc. The proposed system gives
maximum average classification accuracy reported is ~90%
using a big dataset of 4775 images.
Patil Tushar et al [4] established IOT application using
image pre-processing, image segmentation, feature
extraction and classification of plant disease. These steps
are all performed by Net beans. After completion of each of
the above phase, Waterfall model is used to check the
project.
S. Supriya et al [5] surveyed cotton leaf disease detection
technique. Red spot disease, White spot disease, Crumple
leaf diseases are taken as references. Many techniques like
f-means clustering, neural network, Median filter; Otsu
thresholding, Active contour model etc are reviewed.
Ranjith et al.[6] provide smart irrigation system has been
proposed which can control the irrigation automatically
using an android mobile application. Apart from this, the
photos of plant leaves are captured and are sent to the cloud
server, which is further processed and compared with the
diseased plant leaf images in the cloud database. Based on
the comparison a list of plant diseases suspected is given to
the user via the Android mobile application.
In addition, plant disease detection could be achieved by
extracting shape features method. Patil and Bodhe applied
this technique for disease detection in sugarcane leaves
where they have used threshold segmentation to determine
leaf area and triangle threshold for lesioning area, getting
the average accuracy of 98.60% at the final experiments [7].
Adhao Asmita Sarangdharet al.[8] give Support Vector
Machine based regression system for identification and
classification of five cotton leaf diseases i.e. Bacterial
Blight, Alternaria, Gray Mildew, Cercospora, and Fusarium
wilt. After prediction of plant disease system can also
recommend pesticides to the farmers using android app.
Android App is also used to display the soil parameters
values such as humidity, moisture, and temperature along
with the water level in a tank. By using Android app farmers
can ON/OFF the relay to control the motor and sprinkler
assembly according to need.
Furthermore, extracting texture feature could be used in
detecting plant diseases. Patil and Kumar proposed a model
for plant disease detection using texture features such as
inertia, homogeneity, and correlation obtained by
calculating the gray level cooccurrence matrix on image [9].
Combined with colour extraction, they experimented on
detecting diseases on maize leaves.
another approach based on leaf images and using
ANNs as a technique for an automatic detection and
classification of plant diseases was used in conjunction
with -means as a clustering procedure proposed by the Z. H.
Zhou and S. F. Chen, “Neural network ensemble,” [10].
ANN consisted of 10 hidden layers. The number of outputs
was 6 which was the number of classes representing five
diseases along with the case of a healthy leaf. On average,
the accuracy of classification using this approach was
94.67%
3.METHODOLOGY
In this procedure of developing the model for cotton plant
disease recognition using deep CNN .system classifies the
leaf image using image classification algorithm CNN. It can
automatically detect and recognize diseases based on
extracted features at each convolution layer. The complete
process is divided into several necessary stages, starting
with gathering images for classification process using deep
neural networks. The system used image processing
technique for disease detection. The user or cotton former
needs to upload the cotton plant leaf image. And the system
can preprocess the uploaded image and then apply CNN
technique. CNN technique system can test the image with
trained dataset and extract the features.
A. Project Description:
The model for plant disease recognition using deep
CNN. the complete process is divided into several necessary
stages, Appropriate datasets are required at all stages of
object recognition research, starting from training phase to
evaluating the performance of recognition algorithms.
Protection field, which ultimately leads to crops
management. The proposed system for plant leaf disease
detection is based on the infected images of various plants.
All the images collected for the dataset were downloaded
from the Internet, searched by disease and plant name on
various sources , infected images of various plants. Images
of the infected plants are captured by digital camera and
processed using image growing , image segmentation
techniques to detect infected parts of the plants.
1. Image Acquisition:
In this phase, raw image is taken as input from the
user and converted into equivalent gray scale
image. Also the image is resized into size of
128*128.
1. Convolutional Layers:
After the alteration of captured image, the
processed image further passes through three
different hidden layer in which feature extraction,
pooling and flattening layer are also performed.
2. Disease Prediction:
After applying CNN, using Softmax layer the leaf
image is predicted with disease which is gaining
highest probability of occurrence
B. Algorithm:
Traditional feature learning methods rely on semantic
labels of images as supervision. They usually assume that
the tags are evenly exclusive and thus do not point out
towards the complication of labels. The learned features
endow explicit semantic relations with words. We also
develop a novel cross-model feature that can both represent
visual and textual contents. CNN itself is a technique of
classifying images as a part of deep learning. In which we
apply single neural network to the full image.
i. Accepts a volume of sizeW1×H1×D1
ii. Requires four hyper parameters:
 Number of filters K
 Their spatial extent F
 The stride S
 The amount of zero padding P
iii. Produces a volume of size W2×H2×D2 where:
a. W2=(W1-F+2P)/S+1
b. H2=(H1−F+2P)/S+1(i.e. width and height
are computed equally by symmetry)
c. D2=K.
iv. With parameter sharing, it introduces F*F*D1
weights per filter, for a total of (F*F*D1)*K weights and K
biases. In the output volume, the dth depth slice (of size
W2*H2) is the result of performing a valid convolution of
the dth filter over the input volume with a stride of S, and
then offset by dth bias.
v. A common setting of the hyper parameters is F=3,
S=1,P=1
C. Implementation:
Real time images are collected using web camera and stored
in database. Stored database images are converted into test
images and train images. In the Google drive, the upload
folder option is used to upload the test and train dataset.
Implementation steps used in Google colab (Google
colaboratory) is described below.
1. Dataset collection.
2. Uploading the dataset into drive.
3. Accessing colab.
4. Mounting drive in Google colab.
5. Coding implementation , testing and training.
1.1 Data set collection.
Real time images are collected using web camera and
stored in database. Stored database images are converted
into test images and train images.
1.2 Uploading the Dataset into Drive-
In the Google drive, the upload folder option is used to
upload the test and train dataset which are named as test
cotton and train cotton.
1.3 Accessing Colab-
* First, sign in the Google accounts.
* proceed to the Google colab welcome page.
* Click on the newpython3 notebook option to start the
session fresh.
* Select runtime menu option or notebook option to select
GPU.
* Configure notebook instance, to download the necessary
packages.
1.4 Mount Drive in Google Colab-
Click on mount drive option, an authorization code is
generated and it is entered in Google drive, which generates
the image folder path.
1.5 Code Implementation, Test and Train-
Python coding implementation based Python coding
implementation based on different CNN model like VGG16
and RESNET50. We should train the above CNN model and
test the images to get better accuracy and get the predicted
disease.
 1. First, sign in the Google accounts. And proceed to Fig1 .Model accuracy
the Google colab welcome page.
2. Click on the newpython3 notebook option to start
the session fresh. b. model loss in every epoch
3. Select runtime menu option or notebook option to
select GPU.
4. Configure notebook instance, to download the
necessary pack Flask server is used to deploy the
Web Application on local computer. Server
handles the request and response to system use.

4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results training with the whole database containing both
original and augmented images. As it is known that
convolutional networks are able to learn features when
trained on larger datasets, results achieved when trained
with only original images will not be explored.
After fine-tuning the parameters of the network, an overall
accuracy of 96.3% was achieved, after the 100th training
iteration (95.8% without fine-tuning). Even after the 30th
Fig2.model loss
training iteration high accuracy results were achieved with
exceedingly reduced loss, but after the 60th iteration, the
balance in accuracy and loss was carried out in high
accuracy.
The trained model was tested on each class individually.
5. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Test was performed on every image from the validation set.
The results are displayed to emphasize how many images
from total of each class are accurately predicted.
Figure 8 illustrates trained model’s prediction results
separated for every class. The class numbers follow
enumeration from Table.

a. model accuracy in every epoch

6. SOFTWARE INTERFACE DESIGN
7. SOFTWARE WORKING SCREENSHOT
a. Diseased cotton plant output
b. Healthy cotton plant output
8. Conclusions
There are many methods in automated or computer vision
plant disease detection and classification process, but still,
this research field is lacking. In addition, there are still no
commercial solutions on the market, except those dealing
with plant species recognition based on the leaves images.
In this system, a new approach of using deep learning
method was explored in order to automatically classify and
detect plant diseases from leaf images. The developed
model was able to detect leaf presence and distinguish
between healthy leaves and different diseases, which can be
visually diagnosed. The complete procedure was described,
respectively, from collecting the images used for training
and validation to image pre-processing and augmentation
and finally the procedure of training the deep CNN and fine-
tuning. Different tests were performed in order to check the
performance of newly created model.
New plant disease image database was created, containing
more than 3,000 original images taken from the available
Internet sources and extended to more than 30,000 using
appropriate transformations. The experimental results
achieved precision between 91% and 98%, for separate class
tests. The final overall accuracy of the trained model was
96.3%. Fine-tuning has not shown significant changes in the
overall accuracy, but augmentation process had greater
influence to achieve respectable results.
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