政府工作报告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2021 年 3 月 5 日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the
People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2021

国务院总理 李克强
Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council

【Part 1】
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,

【分析】
1. Fellow Deputies [ˈfeloʊ ˈdɛpjətiz] 各位代表
解释：近几年来“各位代表”有两种处理方式，除了 2017 年报告中译为：Esteemed
Deputies，2015 年、2016 年、2018 年、2019 年以及 2020 年报告中均译为：
Fellow Deputies. 而 fellow 作为“同伴”更为亲民

【Part 2】
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出
意见。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the
government, and I ask for your deliberation and approval of it. I also ask
members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political
Consultative Conference (CPPCC) for their comments.

1
【分析】
1. the State Council [ˈkaʊnsl] 国务院

2. ask for your deliberation and approval [dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn əˈpruːvl] 请予审议

记忆：ask for 请求，要求 deliberation 审议（动词 deliberate 意为商量，比如
These are the key issues to be deliberated upon in the two sessions.），考虑
approval=ap（to）+proval （赞成）=批准，认可
例句：The State Council submitted seven bills to the Standing Committee of the
National People's Congress (NPC) for deliberation.国务院向全国人大常委会提
交了七份议案，提请审议。

3. ask …for comments [kɑːments] 请…提出意见，征求意见

解释：这个短语翻译灵活，2018 年和 2019 年报告就译为了 invite comments
from…2017 年 wish to have comments on my report from…
今年和 2020 年报告则换成：I also ask members of ... for their comments.
记忆：comment 评论
例句：I ask friends for their comments. 我征求朋友们的建议。

4. the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

[ kənˈsʌltətɪv ˈkɑːnfərəns] 全国政治协商会议（简称全国政协）

【Part 3】
一、2020 年工作回顾
I. A review of Our Work in 2020
过去一年，在新中国历史上极不平凡。面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情、世界经济
深度衰退等多重严重冲击，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各
族人民顽强拼搏，疫情防控取得重大战略成果，在全球主要经济体中唯一实现经
济正增长，脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，决胜全面建成小康社会取得决定性成就，
交出一份人民满意、世界瞩目、可以载入史册的答卷。全年发展主要目标任务较

2
好完成，我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设又取得新的重大进展。

Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of the People’s Republic of
China. Facing the combined adverse and severe impact of a sudden
coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession, we the Chinese
people of all ethnic groups, under the strong leadership of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its
core, responded with tremendous tenacity. We achieved major strategic
success in our response to Covid-19 and China was the world’s only major
economy to achieve growth. We attained a complete victory in the fight against
poverty, and we scored decisive achievements in securing a full victory in
building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Indeed, our
achievements, which have won the approval of our people and global
recognition, will be remembered in history. Our development goals and tasks
for the year were accomplished, and major headway has been made in
China’s reform, opening up, and socialist modernization drive.

【分析】
1. extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri] adj.不平常的，非凡的，卓越的
记忆：extraordinary= extra（格外的）+ordinary（平凡的，普通的）=不平常的，
非凡的
例句：She was a truly extraordinary woman. 她是位非常杰出的女性。

2. face the combined adverse and severe [sɪˈvɪr] impact of 面对多重严重冲击

解释：combined 结合的，联合的，加在一起的
adverse 表示不利的，有害的，反面的 比如：The match has been canceled
because of adverse weather conditions. 由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
severe 极为恶劣的，十分严重的 比如：There is expected to be a severe frost
tonight.预计今晚会有很严重的霜冻。

3
3. under the strong leadership of 在坚强领导下
解释：“坚强”译为 strong/firm

4. respond with tremendous tenacity [trəˈmendəs təˈnæsəti] 顽强拼搏

解释：tenacity 表示“坚韧，坚毅” 类似的，二〇二一年新年贺词中提到“顽
强不屈的坚守”时，用的也是 tenacity，原句：holding posts with tenacity 其中
posts 指的是岗位，（坚守）岗位。

5. achieved major strategic success 取得重大战略成果

解释：achieve major strategic success 或 make major strategic achievements
strategic 战略上的 比如 The region was, of course, of strategic importance.当
然，该地区具有战略重要性。

6. building a moderately prosperous society in all respects [ˈprɑːspərəs] 全面

建成小康社会
解释：moderately prosperous society 小康社会
respect 方面 比如：There was one respect, however, in which they differed. 然
而，他们在一点上有分歧。

【Part 4】
在艰辛的抗疫历程中，党中央始终坚持人民至上、生命至上，习近平总书记亲自
指挥、亲自部署，各方面持续努力，不断巩固防控成果。我们针对疫情形势变化，
及时调整防控策略，健全常态化防控机制，有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，最大
限度保护了人民生命安全和身体健康，为恢复生产生活秩序创造必要条件。

Throughout this fierce battle against Covid-19, the CPC Central Committee put
protecting the people and human life above everything else, with General
Secretary Xi Jinping personally taking charge and making response decisions.
Thanks to the tireless efforts of all of us, our gains in controlling Covid-19 were
continuously consolidated. In response to evolving epidemic dynamics, we
4
made well-timed adjustments to our response approaches. We improved
routine control mechanisms and effectively suppressed several local
outbreaks of the epidemic. With these actions, we fully protected the health
and safety of the people, and created the conditions for returning to normal life
and work.

【分析】
1. Throughout this fierce battle against Covid-19 在艰辛的抗疫历程中
解释：throughout 自始至终，贯穿整个时期 比如 The museum is open daily
throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。
the battle against Covid-19 抗疫

2. the CPC Central Committee 党中央

解释：the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

3. personally taking charge and making response decisions 亲自指挥、亲自部

署
解释：personally 亲自地 take charge 负责，掌管

4. (be) continuously consolidated [kənˈsɑːlɪdeɪtɪd]不断巩固

解 释 ： consolidate 巩 固 比如 consolidate the achievements in poverty
alleviation.巩固脱贫工作中取得的成果

5. improve routine control mechanisms 健全常态化防控机制

解释：routine 常规的，日常的 比如 The fault was discovered during a routine
check. 这个错误是在一次常规检查中发现的。
mechanism 机制

6. effectively suppressed several local outbreaks of the epidemic [ˌepɪˈdemɪk]

5
有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情
解释：suppress 压制，阻止，抑制 比如 The virus suppresses the body's immune
system. 这种病毒会抑制人体的免疫系统。

7. fully 最大限度
解释：fully 完全地，彻底地 比如 I fully understand your motives. 我完全理解
你的动机。

【Part 5】
一年来，我们贯彻党中央决策部署，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，主要做
了以下工作。

Last year, we carried out the following work to implement the decisions and
plans of the Party Central Committee, and to respond to Covid-19 and
advance economic and social development:

【分析】
1. implement the decisions and plans of 贯彻...决策部署
解释：implement 实施，执行 比如 The changes to the national health system
will be implemented next year.国家卫生系统的改革将于明年实施。
decisions and plans 决策部署

【Part 6】
一是围绕市场主体的急需制定和实施宏观政策，稳住了经济基本盘。面对历史罕
见的冲击，我们在“六稳”工作基础上，明确提出“六保”任务，特别是保就业保民
生保市场主体，以保促稳、稳中求进。立足国情实际,既及时果断又保持定力，
坚持不搞“大水漫灌”，科学把握规模性政策的平衡点。注重用改革和创新办法，
助企纾困和激发活力并举，帮助受冲击最直接且量大面广的中小微企业和个体工
商户渡难关。实施阶段性大规模减税降费，与制度性安排相结合，全年为市场主

6
体减负超过 2.6 万亿元，其中减免社保费 1.7 万亿元。创新宏观政策实施方式，
对新增 2 万亿元中央财政资金建立直达机制，省级财政加大资金下沉力度，共
同为市县基层落实惠企利民政策及时补充财力。支持银行定向增加贷款并降低利
率水平，对中小微企业贷款延期还本付息，大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增长
50％以上，金融系统向实体经济让利 1.5 万亿元。对大企业复工复产加强“点对
点”服务。经过艰苦努力，我们率先实现复工复产，经济恢复好于预期，全年国
内生产总值增长 2.3％，宏观调控积累了新的经验，以合理代价取得较大成效。

1. We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs

of market entities and kept the fundamentals of the economy stable. Facing
shocks of a severity rarely seen before, based on what we had done to ensure
stability on six key fronts (The six fronts refer to employment, the financial
sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and
expectations. The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations
of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains,
and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.), we carried out the
task of maintaining security in six key areas—particularly job security, basic
living needs, and the operations of market entities. By maintaining security, we
were able to deliver stability while also pursuing progress. Based on China’s
realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but
took swift, decisive and well-considered steps, thus maintaining a desired
balance between various macro policies. Using approaches of reform and
innovation, we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them.
And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and
self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and
took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time. By
making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional
arrangements, we reduced the burden on market entities by more than 2.6
trillion yuan for the year, including 1.7 trillion yuan in social insurance premium
cuts and exemptions. We adopted new approaches in implementing macro
7
policies. The central government established a mechanism to directly allocate
two trillion yuan of new funding to prefecture- and county-level governments,
while provincial-level governments also increased their funding allocations to
governments at these levels. With these two steps, we provided prefecture-
and county-level governments with additional and timely fiscal resources to
assist local businesses and residents. Banks were given support to increase
loans to businesses and lower interest rates in a targeted way. MSMEs were
allowed to postpone principal and interest repayments on their loans, and
inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small
businesses increased by more than 50 percent. The real economy thus
received an infusion of 1.5 trillion yuan from financial institutions. Point-to-point
transportation services were provided to large enterprises to help them resume
operations. Thanks to all these arduous efforts, China was able to take the
lead in reopening its economy. With gross domestic product (GDP) for the year
growing by 2.3 percent, a better-than-expected recovery was achieved. We
thus not only gained fresh experience in macro regulation, but also delivered
the best possible outcome at an acceptable cost.

【分析】
1. meet the urgent needs of market entities [ˈentitiz] 围绕市场主体的急需制定
解释：meet 满足 urgent 紧急的
market entity 市场主体是指在市场上从事生产和交换活动的组织和个人，包括自
然人和法人。

2. kept the fundamentals of the economy stable 稳住了经济基本盘

解释：keep…stable 使…保持稳定
fundamental 基础，基本的

3. shocks of a severity rarely seen before [sɪˈverəti] 罕见的冲击

8
解释：of a severity 做 shocks 的后置定语
rarely seen before 也是 shocks 的后置定语

4. ensure stability on six key fronts“六稳”

解释：stability 稳定（性），稳固 key 关键 front 正面
“六稳”分别是：稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期 The six
fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign
investment, domestic investment, and expectations.

5. maintaining security in six key areas“六保”

解释：“六保”分别是：保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安
全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转。The six areas refer to job security, basic
living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable
industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary level
governments.

6. deliver stability while also pursuing progress 稳中求进

解释：类似表述 2020 年报告：We followed the general principle of pursuing
progress while ensuring stability 坚持稳中求进工作总基调

7. took swift, decisive and well-considered steps 及时果断又保持定力

解释：swift 迅速的，马上做出的 decisive 果断的，坚决的
well-considered 经过深思熟虑的

8. a deluge of strong stimulus policies [ˈstɪmjələs]“大水漫灌”

解释：“大水漫灌”一词首次出现在政府工作报告应该是在 2016 年，“大水漫
灌”原本是指农业灌溉的一种方式。放在经济调控这方面，意思就是往市场里“放
水”，注入大量货币，刺激经济。
2016 年工作报告中：we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that

9
would have had an economy-wide impact. 我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺
激。
2019 年工作报告中：we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong
stimulus policies 我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激

9. macro policies 宏观政策

解释：macro 大规模的，宏观的

10. eased the difficulties of our enterprises ['entər,praɪz] 助企纾[shū]困

解释：助企纾困的意思是帮助企业缓解困难
ease 减轻，缓解 比如 These pills should ease the pain.这些药丸应该能减轻疼
痛。
enterprise 企业

11. established a mechanism to directly… 建立直达机制

12. provincial-level governments also increased their funding allocations to

governments at these levels 省级财政加大资金下沉力度
解释：provincial-level governments 省级政府
此 处 governments at these levels 指 的 是 上 一 句 提 到 的 ： prefecture- and
county-level governments 市县级政府。

13. assist local businesses and residents 惠企利民

解释：assist 帮助，协助
比如 The company said it would assist workers in finding new jobs.该公司表示
将帮助工人找到新的工作。

14. fiscal resources [ˈfɪskl] 财力

解释：fiscal 财政的 比如：Our fiscal year is from July 1 to June 30.

10
我们的财政年度从 7 月 1 日到下一年的 6 月 30 日。

15. postpone principal and interest repayments 延期还本付息

16. micro and small businesses 小微企业

17. The real economy 实体经济 实体也可译为 brick and mortar

18. reopen its economy 复工复产

解释：可以这么理解——通过复工复产，才能重启经济

【Part 7】
二是优先稳就业保民生，人民生活得到切实保障。就业是最大的民生，保市场主
体也是为稳就业保民生。各地加大稳岗扩岗激励力度，企业和员工共同克服困难。
多渠道做好重点群体就业工作，支持大众创业万众创新带动就业。新增市场主体
恢复快速增长，创造了大量就业岗位。城镇新增就业 1186 万人，年末全国城镇
调查失业率降到 5.2％。作为最大发展中国家，在巨大冲击下能够保持就业大局
稳定，尤为难能可贵。加强生活必需品保供稳价，居民消费价格上涨 2.5％。线
上办公、网络购物、无接触配送等广泛开展。大幅度扩大失业保险保障范围。对
因疫情遇困群众及时给予救助，新纳入低保、特困供养近 600 万人，实施临时
救助超过 800 万人次。抵御严重洪涝、台风等自然灾害，全力应急抢险救援，
妥善安置受灾群众，保障了人民群众生命财产安全和基本生活。

2. We gave top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living

standards and effectively safeguarded people’s wellbeing. Employment is
pivotal to people’s wellbeing. Our efforts to keep market entities afloat are
aimed at maintaining stable employment and meeting basic living needs. Local
governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and
expand employment, thus enabling businesses and their employees to work
hand-in-hand to overcome their difficulties. Multiple channels were tapped to
11
ensure employment for key groups, and startups and innovation were
encouraged as a way to create jobs. The number of new market entities began
growing rapidly again, leading to the creation of a large number of new jobs. A
total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added, and the year-end surveyed urban
unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent. It is truly remarkable that China,
the largest developing country in the world, has kept overall employment
stable in the face of such an enormous shock. The supply and price stability of
daily necessities was ensured; the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5
percent growth. Practices like working from home, online shopping, and
contactless delivery were widely adopted. We expanded the coverage of
unemployment insurance schemes, and extended timely assistance to those
who were hit particularly hard by Covid-19. Close to six million additional
people received subsistence allowances or extreme poverty aid, and more
than eight million temporary assistance grants were disbursed. We fought
against severe floods, typhoons, and other natural disasters and spared no
effort to provide rescue and relief to disaster victims and make appropriate
arrangements for them, thus protecting people’s lives and property and
ensuring their basic living needs.

【分析】
1. gave top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards 优
先稳就业保民生
解释：give top priority to 优先（做某事） to 是介词，后面接动名词
priority 优先，首要事情 比如 My top priority is to find somewhere to live.我的首
要任务是找个地方住。
stabilize employment 稳就业 ensure living standards 保民生

2. Employment is pivotal [ˈpɪvətəl] to people’s wellbeing 就业是最大的民生

解释：pivotal 关键性的，核心的 比如 She played a pivotal role in the civil rights

12
movement.她在民权运动中起了关键作用。
类似表述
2019 年报告： Employment is the cornerstone of wellbeing, and the wellspring
of wealth. 就业是民生之本、财富之源。
2017 年报告： Employment is crucial to ensuring people’s wellbeing. 我们必
须牢牢抓住就业这一民生之本

3. Our efforts to keep market entities afloat are aimed at maintaining stable
employment and meeting basic living needs. 保市场主体也是为稳就业保民生
解释：keep market entities afloat 保市场主体 afloat 的意思是“维系下去”，float
有飘着的意思，就是飘着不要沉底。比如 They will have to borrow ￡10 million
next year, just to stay afloat . 明年他们得举债 1 000 万英镑才能维持下去。
maintain stable employment / stabilize employment 稳就业
meet basic living needs / ensure living standards 保民生

4. provided more incentives to [ɪnˈsentɪv] 加大...激励力度

解释：incentive 激励，刺激，鼓励 比如 Bonus payments provide an incentive to
work harder. 奖金激励人们更加努力地工作。

5. work hand-in-hand to overcome their difficulties 共同克服困难

6. It is truly remarkable that 尤为难能可贵

解释：remarkable 非凡的 She has remarkable powers of observation.她有非凡
的观察力。

7. daily necessities 生活必需品

8. the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5 percent growth 居民消费价格
上涨 2.5％

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解释：CPI（consumer price index）居民消费价格，也称消费者物价指数或居
民消费价格指数
post 发布，公布，宣布（尤指财经信息或警告）比如 The oil company posted
profits of $25.1 billion.这家石油公司公布的利润为 251 亿美元。

9. working from home, online shopping, and contactless delivery 线上办公、网

络购物、无接触配送
解释：working from home 线上办公 online shopping 网络购物
contactless delivery 无接触配送

10. extended timely assistance to 对...及时给予救助

解释：extend 提供，给予 assistance 帮助，援助

11. Close to six million additional people received subsistence allowances or

extreme poverty aid 新纳入低保、特困供养近 600 万人
解释：subsistence allowances 低保 extreme poverty aid 特困供养
aid 帮助，援助

12. temporary assistance grants were disbursed 实施临时救助

解释：grant（政府、机构的）拨款 disburse（从资金中）支付，支出
比如 Up to now, the foundation has disbursed $1.3 million.到目前为止，基金会
已经支付了 130 万美元。

【Part 8】
三是坚决打好三大攻坚战，主要目标任务如期完成。较大幅度增加财政扶贫资金
投入。对工作难度大的贫困县和贫困村挂牌督战，精准落实各项帮扶措施。优先
支持贫困劳动力稳岗就业，帮助返乡贫困劳动力再就业，努力稳住务工收入。加
大产业扶贫力度，深入开展消费扶贫。加强易返贫致贫人口监测和帮扶。年初剩
余的 551 万农村贫困人口全部脱贫、52 个贫困县全部摘帽。继续打好蓝天、碧

14
水、净土保卫战，完成污染防治攻坚战阶段性目标任务。长江、黄河、海岸带等
重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程深入实施，生态建设得到加强。稳妥化解地方
政府债务风险，及时处置一批重大金融风险隐患。

3. We made decisive progress in the three critical battles against poverty,

pollution and potential risk, achieving major targets and tasks as planned. We
increased funding for poverty alleviation by a considerable sum. Counties and
villages facing difficulty in poverty eradication were placed under special
supervision to see they fully implemented all assistance and support policies.
We assisted on a priority basis poor workers in securing jobs and poor rural
migrant workers who had returned home in finding new jobs, thus keeping
rural residents’ incomes from nonagricultural work stable. We worked harder to
reduce poverty through the development of local industries and promote
consumer spending on products from poor areas. We strengthened monitoring
for groups who are liable to return to, or fall into, poverty, and provided them
with assistance. All remaining poor rural residents, totaling 5.51 million in early
2020, were lifted from poverty, as were all of China’s remaining 52 poor
counties. We continued working to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and
our lands pollution-free, and accomplished the objectives for pollution
prevention and control for the current stage. We carried out major projects for
protecting and restoring key ecosystems in the Yangtze River and Yellow River
basins and along coastlines, and stepped up our ecological conservation
endeavors. We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks and
acted swiftly to defuse a number of major financial risks and potential dangers.

【分析】
1. three critical battles against poverty, pollution and potential risk 三大攻坚战
解释：三大攻坚战，具体指“防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治”

15
2. achieve ... as planned 如期完成

3. We increased funding for poverty alleviation [əˌliːviˈeɪʃn] by a considerable

sum. 较大幅度增加财政扶贫资金投入
解释：by a considerable sum 较大幅度（金额，款项）
funding for poverty alleviation 财政扶贫资金
alleviation 减轻，缓和

4. be placed under special supervision 挂牌督战

解释：挂牌督战意思是被置于特别监督之下
place 使（人）处于某位置，安置 supervision 监督

5. all assistance and support policies 各项帮扶措施

6. poor rural migrant workers who had returned home 返乡贫困劳动力

解释： poor rural migrant 做 workers 的前置定语
who had returned home 做 workers 的后置定语（定语从句）

7. groups who are liable to return to, or fall into poverty 易返贫致贫人口
解释：liable 有…倾向的，易…的
比如 The areas of town near the river are liable to flooding.靠近河流的城镇地区
容易泛滥。

8. be lifted from poverty 脱贫（摘帽）

解释：lift 举起 poverty 贫困

9. keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free 打好蓝天、
碧水、净土保卫战
解释：类似表述 2019 年报告 We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies

16
blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free.全面开展蓝天、碧水、净土保
卫战。

10. key ecosystems 重要生态系统

解释：key 关键的，主要的

11. defuse [diːˈfjuːz] v.化解，缓和，平息

例句：The two groups will meet next week to try to defuse the crisis.
这两个团体将于下周会面，试图化解危机。

【Part 9】
四是坚定不移推进改革开放，发展活力和内生动力进一步增强。完善要素市场化
配置体制机制。深入推进“放管服”改革，实施优化营商环境条例。出台国企改革
三年行动方案。支持民营企业发展。完善资本市场基础制度。扎实推进农业农村、
社会事业等领域改革。共建“一带一路”稳步推进。海南自由贸易港建设等重大举
措陆续推出。成功举办第三届中国国际进口博览会、中国国际服务贸易交易会。
推动区域全面经济伙伴关系协定签署。完成中欧投资协定谈判。维护产业链供应
链稳定，对外贸易和利用外资保持增长。

4. We continued to advance reform and opening up and further boosted the

vitality and momentum of development. We improved the systems and
mechanisms for the market allocation of production factors. We furthered
reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation,
and upgrade services; and the Regulations on Improving the Business
Environment were implemented. We adopted a three-year action plan for SOE
reform and supported the development of private businesses. The underlying
systems of the capital market were improved. We made solid strides in reforms
related to agriculture, rural development, and social programs. Steady
progress was achieved in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Major measures to develop the Hainan Free Trade Port and other major
17
initiatives were launched. The third China International Import Expo and the
China International Fair for Trade in Services were hosted successfully. China
played an important role in the signing of the Regional Comprehensive
Economic Partnership Agreement, and it concluded negotiations on an
investment agreement with the European Union. China’s industrial chains and
supply chains were kept stable. And its foreign trade and utilized foreign
investment posted steady growth.

【分析】
1. reform and opening up 改革开放

2. the vitality and momentum of development 发展活力和内生动力

解释：vitality 活力 比如 Despite her eighty years, Elsie was full of vitality.尽管
已经 80 岁了，埃尔希仍然充满活力。
momentum 动力，势头
类似表述
2020 年报告 boost internal forces driving development 激发内生发展动力
2017 年报告 The internal forces driving economic growth 经济增长内生动力

3. the systems and mechanisms for the market allocation of production factors
要素市场化配置体制机制
解释：for the market allocation of production factors 做 systems 和 mechanisms
的后置定语
allocation 分配 production factors 生产要素

4. We furthered reforms to streamline administration and delegate power,

improve regulation, and upgrade services; 深入推进“放管服”改革
解释：放管服，就是简政放权（streamline administration and delegate power）、
放管结合（improve regulation）、优化服务（upgrade services）的简称。

18
在 2016-2020 的报告中，都提到了“放管服”
其 中 2019 年 的 报 告 中 ， 有 一 段 是 这 么 翻 译 的 We must push forward with
reforms that delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services 要深化
“放管服”改革

5. SOE reform 国企改革

解释：state-owned enterprises (SOE)国企

6. private businesses 民营企业

7. made solid strides in [straɪdz] 扎实推进

解释：solid 结实的，坚固的，牢固的
stride 大步，进展 比如：The group has made strides to expand internationally.
该集团在国际扩张方面取得了长足进展。

8. the Belt and Road Initiative [ɪˈnɪʃətɪv] “一带一路”计划

9. the Hainan Free Trade Port 海南自由贸易港

10. the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement 区域全面

经济伙伴关系协定
解释：comprehensive 全面的 比如全面协议 comprehensive agreement
partnership 伙伴关系，合作关系 agreement 协定，协议

【Part 10】
五是大力促进科技创新，产业转型升级步伐加快。建设国际科技创新中心和综合
性国家科学中心，成功组建首批国家实验室。“天问一号”、“嫦娥五号”、“奋斗者”
号等突破性成果不断涌现。加强关键核心技术攻关。支持科技成果转化应用，促
进大中小企业融通创新，推广全面创新改革试验相关举措。推动产业数字化智能

19
化改造，战略性新兴产业保持快速发展势头。

5. We vigorously promoted innovation in science and technology and

accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading. We developed China’s
international centers for science and technology innovation and
comprehensive national science centers, and set up the country’s first group of
national laboratories. Last year saw a stream of scientific and technological
breakthroughs, like the Tianwen-1 Mars mission, the Chang’e-5 lunar mission,
and the Fendouzhe (Striver) deep-sea manned submersible. We intensified
efforts to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. We
supported the application of scientific and technological advances,
encouraged collaborative innovation among small, medium, and large
enterprises, and promoted pilot reforms on all-around innovation. More was
done to upgrade the industrial sector with digital and smart technologies; and
strategic emerging industries maintained rapid development.

【分析】
1. industrial transformation and upgrading 产业转型升级
解释：transformation 改观，转变
比如 Have you seen the transformation of our garden? 你看到我们花园的变化
了吗?

2. international centers for science and technology innovation 国际科技创新中

心
解释：international 是 centers 的前置定语
for science and technology innovation 是 centers 的后置定语

3. Last year saw a stream of scientific and technological breakthroughs 突破

性成果不断涌现

20
解释：see 类似于 witness，表示“为...发生的时间/地点”，此处将时间做了拟
人化处理，即“时间见证了突破”
比如 Next year sees the centenary of Verdi's death. 明年是威尔第逝世一百周
年。
这个用法，在政府工作报告并不罕见，比如 2019 年报告中提到的：Emerging
industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and
upgrading.新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业加快转型升级。

4. core technologies in key fields 关键核心技术

解释：关键核心技术指关键领域的核心技术
core 核心 比如 Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. 对环
境的关注是我们政策的核心。

【Part 11】
六是推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴，城乡区域发展格局不断优化。加大城镇老旧小
区改造力度，因城施策促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。粮食实现增产，生猪产能
加快恢复，乡村建设稳步展开，农村人居环境整治成效明显。推进煤电油气产供
储销体系建设，提升能源安全保障能力。健全区域协调发展体制机制，在实施重
大区域发展战略方面出台一批新举措。

6. We advanced new urbanization and rural revitalization and improved the

layout of urban-rural development and development among regions. Efforts
were intensified to rebuild old urban residential areas. By adopting city-specific
policies, we promoted the stable and healthy development of the housing
market. Grain output continued to increase, and hog production rebounded at
a faster rate. We took solid steps in advancing rural development, and
markedly improved rural living environments. We continued to build up the
production, supply, storage, and marketing systems for coal, petroleum,
natural gas, and electricity, and enhanced our capacity to ensure energy
security. We improved mechanisms for promoting coordinated development
21
between regions, and introduced a range of new measures to implement major
strategies for regional development.

【分析】
1. new urbanization and rural revitalization [ˌriːˌvaɪtələˈzeɪʃn] 新型城镇化和乡
村振兴
记忆：urbanization= urban（城镇的）+iz（动词后缀）+ation（名词后缀）=城
镇化
revitalization= re（再次）+vital（有活力的）+iz（动词后缀）+ation（名词后缀）
=使…再次有活力=振兴

2. old urban residential areas [ˌrezɪˈdenʃl] 城镇老旧小区

解释：residential area 居民区 比如 It was not safe to locate the chemicals
factory in a residential area. 把化工厂设在居民区是不安全的。

3. hog production [hɔːɡ] 生猪产能

解释：hog 指尤指喂肥供食用的猪
production 产量

4. markedly improved rural living environments 农村人居环境整治成效明显

解释：markedly 明显地，显著地 比如 The situation has got markedly worse
recently. 最近情况明显恶化了。

【Part 12】
七是加强依法行政和社会建设，社会保持和谐稳定。提请全国人大常委会审议法
律议案 9 件，制定修订行政法规 37 部。广泛开展线上教学，秋季学期实现全面
复学，1000 多万高中毕业生顺利完成高考。全面深化教育领域综合改革。实现
高职院校扩招 100 万人目标。加大公共卫生体系建设力度。提升大规模核酸检
测能力，新冠肺炎患者治疗费用全部由国家承担。保障养老金按时足额发放,实

22
现企业养老保险基金省级统收统支。加强公共文化服务。完善城乡基层治理。扎
实做好信访工作。发挥审计监督作用。开展国务院大督查。做好第七次全国人口
普查、国家脱贫攻坚普查。加强生产安全事故防范和处置。严格食品药品疫苗监
管。强化社会治安综合治理，持续推进扫黑除恶专项斗争，平安中国建设取得新
成效。

7. We stepped up law-based administration, promoted social advancement,

and safeguarded social harmony and stability. We submitted nine legislative
proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for
deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations.
Online school teaching was introduced nationwide, and students returned to
school for the autumn semester. Over 10 million high school graduates
successfully completed the college entrance examination. We pushed ahead
with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of
increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by one million. Efforts
were redoubled to strengthen the public health system. We scaled up the
capacity for conducting large-scale nucleic acid testing, and all the medical
bills for treating Covid-19 patients were covered by the government. Pension
benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and
payout of enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds was realized. Better
public cultural services were provided. Primary-level governance in urban and
rural areas was enhanced. Solid steps were taken to address public
complaints. Audit-based oversight was vigorously conducted, and State
Council accountability inspections were carried out. We conducted the seventh
population census and the poverty reduction survey. We intensified efforts to
prevent and handle workplace accidents. Supervision of food, drugs, and
vaccines was tightened up. We took a full range of measures to maintain law
and order, and continued to combat organized crime and root out local criminal
gangs, thus making further headway in pursuing the Peaceful China initiative.

23
【分析】
1. stepped up 加强
解释：step up 是加强、加速、加大油门的意思 比如 France stepped up its efforts
to block north African migrants from entering its territory from Italy. 法国加大力
度阻止非洲北部的人从意大利进入法国。

2. the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress 全国人大常委会

standing 就是“常务”
3. legislative proposals [ˈledʒɪsleɪtɪv] 法律议案
解 释 ：legislative 立法 的 proposal 提议， 提案 比如 Have you read Steve's
proposals for the new project? 你看了史蒂夫对新项目的提案了吗?

4. administrative regulations 行政法规

解释：administrative 管理的，行政的 regulation。制度，规则 比如 Under the new
regulations, spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled. 根据新的
规定，办公设备开支将受到严格控制

5. autumn semester 秋季学期

解释：semester 学期
秋季学期也叫 fall semester 春季学期叫 spring semester

6. the college entrance examination 高考

解释：高考指普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
college 大学，学院

7. vocational colleges [vəʊˈkeɪʃənl] 高职院校

记忆：vocational =vocation（职业）+al（形容词后缀）=职业的

8. nucleic acid testing [nuːˈkliːɪk] 核酸检测

24
解释：nucleic acid 核酸

9. all the medical bills for treating Covid-19 patients were covered by the
government 新冠肺炎患者治疗费用全部由国家承担
解释：medical 医疗的 bill 账单
be covered by ...由...承担（费用）

10. Pension benefits were paid on time and in full 保障养老金按时足额发放

解释：pension benefits 养老金
on time 按时，准时 in full 全部，全额
2020 年报告中，类似的表述
Close to 300 million people in our country live on pensions, and we must
ensure they receive their benefits on time and in full. 全国近 3 亿人领取养老
金，必须确保按时足额发放。
2019 年报告中，类似的表述
raised retirees’ basic pensions 提高退休人员基本养老金

11. combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs [ˈkɑːmbæt] 扫
黑除恶
解释：combat 与…战斗
root out 铲除，清除 ; gang 一帮，一伙（罪犯）

【Part 13】
贯彻落实党中央全面从严治党战略部署，加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。巩固
深化“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育成果。严格落实中央八项规定精神，持续为
基层减负。

We implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic plan for exercising

full and strict Party self-governance, and did more to improve Party conduct,
build a clean government, and fight corruption. We consolidated the gains from
25
the initiative to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s founding
mission. We strictly complied with the central Party leadership’s eight-point
decision on improving work conduct, and we made sustained efforts to ease
the burdens of those working on the ground.

【分析】
1. exercise full and strict Party self-governance 全面从严治党
解释：exercise 行使，使用 self-governance 自我管理，自我治理
2019 年 报 告 中 的 类 似 表 述 ： We fully implemented the Party Central
Committee's strategic decision on enforcing full and strict discipline over the
Party 认真贯彻党中央全面从严治党战略部署

2. did more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight
corruption 加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争
解释：conduct 行为，举止，（组织的）经营方式，管理方法
Party conduct 党风 build a clean government 廉政建设
fight corruption 反腐败
2018 年报告中的类似表述：All initiatives to improve Party conduct and ensure
clean government will be strengthened.全面加强党风廉政建设。

3. the initiative to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s
founding mission.“不忘初心、牢记使命”
解释：“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育是在全党范围内开展的主题教育，是推
动全党更加自觉地为实现新时代党的历史使命不懈奋斗的重要内容。
2019 年报告中的类似表述： We will hold activities about keeping in mind our
Party's founding mission.扎实开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育。

4. the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work

conduct 中央八项规定精神

26
解释：中央八项规定一般指中共中央政治局关于改进工作作风密切联系群众的规
定。
2018 年报告中的类似表述：We have worked hard to ensure compliance with
the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying
engaged with the people 认真落实党中央八项规定精神

【Part 14】
中国特色大国外交卓有成效。习近平主席等党和国家领导人通过视频方式主持中
非团结抗疫特别峰会，出席联合国成立 75 周年系列高级别会议、世界卫生大会、
二十国集团领导人峰会、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、中国—欧盟领导人会
晤、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动。坚持多边主义，推动构建人类命运共
同体。支持国际抗疫合作，倡导建设人类卫生健康共同体。中国为促进世界和平
与发展作出了重要贡献。

We were successful in pursuing China’s major country diplomacy. President Xi

Jinping and other Party and state leaders hosted or attended, via video link,
major diplomatic events, including the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on
Solidarity against Covid-19, high-level meetings commemorating the 75th
anniversary of the United Nations, the 73rd World Health Assembly, the G20
Leaders’ Summit in Riyadh, the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the 22nd
China-EU Leaders’ Meeting, and the East Asia leaders’ meetings on
cooperation. We upheld multilateralism and endeavored to build a human
community with a shared future. We supported global cooperation on
combating Covid-19 and called for building a global health community. China
thus made important contributions to advancing global peace and
development.

【分析】
1. the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity against Covid-19

27
[ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti] 中非团结抗疫特别峰会
解释：summit 峰会 solidarity 团结
Extraordinary China-Africa 是 Summit 的前置定语
on Solidarity against Covid-19 是 Summit 的后置定语

2. high-level meetings commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United

Nations75 周年系列高级别会议
解释：high-level 是 meetings 的前置定语
commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations75 是 meetings 的后
置定语
commemorate 纪念，庆祝

3. the 73rd World Health Assembly [əˈsembli]（第 73 届）世界卫生大会

解释：assembly 指计划好的、为某一特殊目的而召集的会议
比如 the UN General Assembly 联合国大会

4. the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting 亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议

解释：亚太经合组织指亚太经济合作组织 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

5. the 22nd China-EU Leaders’ Meeting 中国—欧盟领导人会晤

6. the East Asia leaders’ meetings on cooperation 东亚合作领导人系列会议

解释：East Asia leaders’是 meetings 的前置定语
on cooperation 是 meetings 的后置定语

【Part 15】
一年来的工作殊为不易。各地区各部门顾全大局、尽责担当，上亿市场主体在应
对冲击中展现出坚强韧性，广大人民群众勤劳付出、共克时艰，诠释了百折不挠
的民族精神，彰显了人民是真正的英雄，这是我们战胜一切困难挑战的力量源泉。

28
Our work last year was truly challenging. Yet, local authorities and government
departments across the country kept in mind the big picture and shouldered
their responsibilities. Market entities, over one hundred million in number,
responded to shocks with fortitude and resilience. Our people worked hard and
fought adversity in close solidarity and with the unyielding spirit of the Chinese
nation, thus proving themselves true heroes. This is the well of strength that
enables us to rise to every challenge and overcome every difficulty.

【分析】
1. Market entities, over one hundred million in number 上亿市场主体
解释：market entities 市场主体
over one hundred million in number 可以看作是后置定语

2. with the unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation [ʌnˈjiːldɪŋ] 诠释了百折不挠的

民族精神
解释：没有用动词去译“诠释”，这里用了 with…
unyielding 不屈的，坚强的 比如 Korea is unyielding in its demands for a new
treaty. 韩国坚决要求签订新条约。
unyielding 是 spirit 的前置定语，of the Chinese nation 是 spirit 的后置定语

3. the well of strength 力量源泉

解释：well 井，水井

【Part 16】
各位代表!
Fellow Deputies,
过去一年取得的成绩，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是习近
平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结
奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各

29
界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同
胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际
组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

We owe our achievements last year to the strong leadership of the Party
Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance
of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,
and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the armed forces, and the Chinese
people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express
sincere gratitude to all our people, and to all other political parties, people’s
organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express sincere
appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and
Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also wish to
express heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international
organizations, and friends across the world who have shown understanding
and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.

【分析】
1. the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi
Jinping at its core 以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导
解释：under the firm / strong leadership of ... 在...坚强领导下
the Party Central Committee 党中央
with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core 以习近平同志为核心的

2. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学
解释：on Socialism 是 Thought 的后置定语
with Chinese Characteristics 是 Socialism 的后置定语

30
3. all our people 全国各族人民
解释：all our people 是简写
“全国各族人民”可以是 the Chinese people of all ethnic groups / the people of
all ethnic groups in China

4. our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special
administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas 香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特
别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞

5. express sincere appreciation [əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn] 表示诚挚感谢

解释：同意表达 express heartfelt thanks
express heartfelt appreciation
express sincere gratitude
express sincere thanks

【Part 17】
在肯定成绩的同时，我们也清醒看到面临的困难和挑战。新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球
蔓延，国际形势中不稳定不确定因素增多，世界经济形势复杂严峻。国内疫情防
控仍有薄弱环节，经济恢复基础尚不牢固，居民消费仍受制约，投资增长后劲不
足，中小微企业和个体工商户困难较多，稳就业压力较大。关键领域创新能力不
强。一些地方财政收支矛盾突出，防范化解金融等领域风险任务依然艰巨。生态
环保任重道远。民生领域还有不少短板。政府工作存在不足，形式主义、官僚主
义不同程度存在，少数干部不担当不作为不善为。一些领域腐败问题仍有发生。
我们一定要直面问题和挑战，尽心竭力改进工作，决不辜负人民期待！

While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware of the

difficulties and challenges before us. As the coronavirus continues to spread
around the world, instability and uncertainty are mounting on the international
landscape, and the global economy continues to face grave challenges.
Domestically, there are still weak links in our work to control Covid-19. The
31
foundation for achieving our country’s economic recovery needs to be further
consolidated, impediments to consumer spending remain, and investment
growth lacks sustainability. Our MSMEs and self-employed individuals are still
finding the going tough, and the pressure in maintaining stable employment is
mounting. Our innovation capacity in key areas needs to be improved. Some
local governments have serious budgetary deficits. In forestalling and defusing
risks in the financial sector and other areas, we face formidable tasks. We still
have a long way to go in protecting the environment. And many weaknesses in
areas that are important to people’s basic needs wait to be addressed. There
is also room for improvement in the work of the government. Both pointless
formalities and bureaucratism persist to varying degrees. A small number of
officials fail to fulfill their responsibilities and are unwilling or unable to carry out
their duties. Instances of corruption still occur in some sectors. We will face
these problems and challenges squarely, make every effort to make
improvements, and do all we can to live up to our people’s expectations.

【分析】
1. be keenly aware of 清醒看到
解释：keenly 敏锐地，强烈地 aware 知道，意识到，明白

2. face grave challenges 形势复杂严峻

解释：grave 本意坟墓，引申为严峻的，严重的，重大的 比如 The consequences
will be very grave if nothing is done. 如果不采取任何措施后果将会是非常严重
的。

3. impediment [ɪmˈpedɪmənt] n.制约，障碍

Impediment=im 否定+pedi（pede 脚，走；比如 centipede 百足虫）+ment 名词
尾缀=不让走=阻碍
例句：The lack of funds is a major impediment to research.缺乏资金是研究的

32
主要障碍。

4. Our MSMEs and self-employed individuals 中小微企业和个体工商户

解释：micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)中小微企业
self-employed individuals 个体工商户

5. We still have a long way to go in protecting the environment. 生态环保任重

道远
解释：have a long way to go 任重道远

6. pointless formalities and bureaucratism [fɔr'mælətis bjuə'rɔkrətizəm] 形式

主义、官僚主义
解释：pointless 无意义的，无目标的；formality 走形式 bureaucratism 官僚主
义，官僚作风

【Part 18】
二、“十三五”时期发展成就和“十四五”时期主要目标任务

II. Achievements in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Major Targets and
Tasks for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

过去五年，我国经济社会发展取得新的历史性成就。经济运行总体平稳，经济结
构持续优化，国内生产总值从不到 70 万亿元增加到超过 100 万亿元。创新型国
家建设成果丰硕，在载人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超级计算、量子信息等领
域取得一批重大科技成果。脱贫攻坚成果举世瞩目, 5575 万农村贫困人口实现脱
贫, 960 多万建档立卡贫困人口通过易地扶贫搬迁摆脱了“一方水土难养一方人”
的困境，区域性整体贫困得到解决，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。农业现代
化稳步推进，粮食生产连年丰收。１亿农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户
目标顺利实现，城镇棚户区住房改造超过 2100 万套。区域重大战略扎实推进。

33
污染防治力度加大，资源能源利用效率显著提升，生态环境明显改善。金融风险
处置取得重要阶段性成果。全面深化改革取得重大突破，供给侧结构性改革持续
推进，“放管服”改革不断深入，营商环境持续改善。对外开放持续扩大，共建“一
带一路”成果丰硕。人民生活水平显著提高，城镇新增就业超过 6000 万人，建成
世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。教育、卫生、文化等领域发展取得新成就，教
育公平和质量较大提升，医疗卫生事业加快发展，文化事业和文化产业繁荣发展。
国防和军队建设水平大幅提升。国家安全全面加强，社会保持和谐稳定。经过五
年持续奋斗，“十三五”规划主要目标任务胜利完成，中华民族伟大复兴向前迈出
了新的一大步。

Over the past five years, China has scored historic new achievements in
economic and social development. The economy performed stably overall, and
its structure was continuously improved. GDP increased from less than 70
trillion yuan to over 100 trillion yuan. Much was accomplished toward making
China a country of innovators, with major advances in manned spaceflight,
lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing, quantum
information, and other areas. China’s success in poverty alleviation has been
recognized by the international community. Its entire rural poor population,
55.75 million in number, was lifted out of poverty, including more than 9.6
million registered poor people who were relocated from inhospitable areas;
and regional poverty was successfully eradicated. The daunting task we set
ourselves to eliminate absolute poverty has thus been successfully
accomplished. Agricultural modernization was steadily advanced, and good
harvests were recorded for five years running. The goal of granting urban
residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent
residents without local household registration was met. More than 21 million
housing units in run-down urban areas were rebuilt. Solid steps were taken to
implement major regional development strategies. Pollution prevention and
control efforts were intensified, resources and energy were used more
efficiently, and there was a notable improvement in the environment. Important
34
progress was made in addressing financial risks in this period. Major
breakthroughs were achieved in deepening reform across the board.
Supply-side structural reform was steadily advanced, as were reforms to
streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and
upgrade services. Thanks to these efforts, the business environment kept
improving. China continued to open its door wider to the world; the joint pursuit
of the Belt and Road Initiative yielded solid outcomes. The living standards of
our people rose significantly. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the
world’s largest social security system was established. New achievements
were made in education, healthcare, culture and other sectors. Education
became much more equitable, and its quality was markedly improved. The
healthcare sector registered accelerated development. The cultural sector
flourished. Notable advances were made in the development of national
defense and the armed forces. China’s national security was enhanced on all
fronts, and social harmony and stability were maintained across the country.
Thanks to our hard work in these five years, we accomplished the major goals
and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and made a giant stride toward the
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

【分析】
1. the 13th Five-Year Plan“十三五” （规划）
解释：“十三五”规划指的是中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年
规划纲要的简称（2016－2020 年）。
“十四五”即为第十四个五年规划纲要（2021－2025 年）。

2. scored historic new achievements 取得新的历史性成就

解释：score 本意得分，这里指“获得”； historic 有历史意义的，历史性的
achievement 成就

3.manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering,

35
supercomputing, quantum information 载人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超级
计算、量子信息

4. registered poor people 建档立卡贫困人口

解释：registered 记名的，登记过的

5. be relocated from inhospitable [ˌɪnhɑːˈspɪtəbl] areas 易地扶贫搬迁

解释：易地扶贫搬迁一般指易地扶贫。易地扶贫是指将生活在缺乏生存条件地区
的贫困人口搬迁安置到其他地区，并通过改善安置区的生产生活条件、调整经济
结构和拓展增收渠道，帮助搬迁人口逐步脱贫致富。
relocate 重新安置，迁移 比如 The couple relocated to Florida.这对夫妇搬到了
佛罗里达。
inhospitable 不适宜居住的，条件恶劣的
2020 年报告中，有类似的描述：Follow-up support will be provided to people
relocated from inhospitable areas.加强易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持。

6. run-down urban areas 城镇棚户区

解释：棚户区是指城市建成区范围内、平房密度大、使用年限久、房屋质量差、
人均建筑面积小、基础设施配套不齐全、交通不便利、治安和消防隐患大、环境
卫生脏、乱、差的区域，译为 run-down urban areas.
其中，2019 年报告中没有连字符，用的是 rundown，即 rundown urban areas

7. supply-side structural reform 供给侧结构性改革

8. urban jobs were added 城镇新增就业

解释：add 增加，加添

9. the healthcare sector 医疗卫生事业

解释：sector 表示“部门，领域，行业”，sector 一词在政府工作报告中是个高

36
频词，比如 the financial sector 表示金融业/财经界；heavy-polluting sectors 表
示 重 污 染 行 业 ； deepen reforms in key sectors 深 化 重 点 领 域 改 革 ； the
insurance sector 表示保险业

10. rejuvenation [rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃn] of the Chinese nation 中华民族伟大复兴

解释：rejuvenation 恢复活力 比如 They promote economic rejuvenation in the
regions.它们促进了该地区的经济复兴。

【Part 19】
“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发
展仍然处于重要战略机遇期，但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化。要准确把握新发
展阶段，深入贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，为全面
建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步。

The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in
which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist
country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic
opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities
and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this
new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and
accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote
high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a
modern socialist country in all respects.

【分析】
1. embark on a new journey to [ɪmˈbɑːrk] 开启新征程
解释：embark 从事，着手，开始（新的或艰难的事情） 比如 We have embarked
on the most important and wide-ranging reforms since the 1940s.我们已经开始
了自 1940 年代以来最重要和最广泛的改革。

37
2. have an accurate understanding of 准确把握
解释：“把握”在政府工作报告的英译本中通常会转换词性，这里将动词“把握”
转换成名词“understanding”。
十九大报告中转换为了形容词“clear”
十 九 大 报 告 中 The whole Party must be completely clear about this
fundamental dimension of our national context 全党要牢牢把握社会主义初级阶
段这个基本国情

3. a modern socialist country 社会主义现代化国家

解释：socialist 社会主义者，社会主义的

【Part 20】
根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二 0 三五年
远景目标的建议》,国务院编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和２
０３５年远景目标纲要(草案)》。《纲要草案》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社
会主义思想为指导，实化量化“十四五”时期经济社会发展主要目标和重大任务，
全文提交大会审查，这里概述几个方面。

The State Council, acting in accordance with the Recommendations of the

Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th
Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range
Objectives through the Year 2035, has drawn up the draft Outline for the 14th
Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range
Objectives through the Year 2035. The draft Outline, which was formulated
under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics for a New Era, sets major quantified objectives and tasks for
economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The
full draft has been submitted to this session for your deliberation and approval.
The highlights of the draft Outline are as follows:

38
【分析】
1. the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of
China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social
Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035《中共中央关
于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二 0 三五年远景目标的建议》
解 释 ： of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 是
Recommendations 的后置定语
for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan…and Long-Range Objectives 也 是
Recommendations 的后置定语
for Economic and Social Development 修饰 14th Five-Year Plan
through the Year 2035 修饰 Objectives

2. Outline for the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development
and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035.《国民经济和社会发展第十
四个五年规划和２０３５年远景目标纲要(草案)》
解释：for the 14th Five-Year Plan…and Long-Range Objectives 是 Outline 的
后置定语
for Economic and Social Development 是 14th Five-Year Plan 的后置定语
through the Year 2035 是 Objectives 的后置定语
outline 概述，梗概 比如 You should draw up a plan or outline for the essay. 你
应该为文章草拟个计划或提纲。

【Part 21】
----着力提升发展质量效益，保持经济持续健康发展。发展是解决我国一切问题
的基础和关键。必须坚持新发展理念，把新发展理念完整、准确、全面贯穿发展
全过程和各领域，引导各方面把工作重点放在提高发展质量和效益上，促进增长
潜力充分发挥。经济运行保持在合理区间，各年度视情提出经济增长预期目标，
全员劳动生产率增长高于国内生产总值增长，城镇调查失业率控制在 5.5%以内，
物价水平保持总体平稳，实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为

39
安全的发展。

----Improving the quality and effectiveness of development and maintaining

sustained and healthy economic growth. Development is the foundation, and it
holds the key, for addressing all the issues our country faces. We must stay
true to the new development philosophy, and ensure it is applied in full, in both
letter and spirit, in every stage and aspect of development. We should
encourage people working in all sectors to give high priority to improving the
quality and effectiveness of development to fully tap China’s growth potential.
We will keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range, set
annual targets for economic growth in light of actual conditions, ensure that
overall labor productivity grows faster than GDP, keep the surveyed urban
unemployment rate within 5.5 percent, and keep prices generally stable. Doing
so will enable us to achieve higher-quality development that is more efficient,
equitable, sustainable, and secure.

【分析】
1. stay true to the new development philosophy 坚持新发展理念
解释：stay true to 坚持
new development philosophy 新发展理念

2. ensure it is applied in full, in both letter and spirit, in every stage and aspect
of development 把新发展理念完整、准确、全面贯穿发展全过程和各领域
解释：in both letter and spirit 指的是“在字面意义和精神实质上，无论形式和
实际”

3. set annual targets for economic growth in light of actual conditions 各年度视
情提出经济增长预期目标
解释：annual 年度的，每年的 in light of actual conditions 视情（根据实际情况）

40
in light of 根据，鉴于 比如 In light of this new evidence, we are reopening the
investigation.鉴于这一新证据，我们重新开始调查。

4. overall labor productivity [ˈleɪbər] 全员劳动生产率

解释：overall 全部的，全体的 labor 劳动 productivity 生产率，生产力

【Part 22】
----坚持创新驱动发展，加快发展现代产业体系。坚持创新在我国现代化建设全
局中的核心地位，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑。完善国家创新体系，
加快构建以国家实验室为引领的战略科技力量，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，制定
实施基础研究十年行动方案，提升企业技术创新能力，激发人才创新活力，完善
科技创新体制机制，全社会研发经费投入年均增长７％以上、力争投入强度高于
“十三五”时期实际。坚持把发展经济着力点放在实体经济上，推进产业基础高级
化、产业链现代化，保持制造业比重基本稳定，改造提升传统产业，发展壮大战
略性新兴产业，促进服务业繁荣发展。统筹推进传统基础设施和新型基础设施建
设。加快数字化发展，打造数字经济新优势，协同推进数字产业化和产业数字化
转型，加快数字社会建设步伐，提高数字政府建设水平，营造良好数字生态，建
设数字中国。

----Pursuing innovation-driven development and accelerating modernization of

the industrial system. Innovation remains at the heart of China’s modernization
drive. We will strengthen our science and technology to provide strategic
support for China’s development. To improve China’s innovation system, we
will work faster to enhance our strategic scientific and technological capability
underpinned by the development of national laboratories, strive to make major
breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and formulate and implement
a ten-year action plan for basic research. We will enhance the capacity of
enterprises to make technological innovation, unlock the creativity of talent,
and improve the systems and mechanisms for making scientific and
technological innovation. China’s R&D spending will increase by more than
41
seven percent per year, which is expected to account for a higher percentage
of GDP than that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. In pursuing economic
growth, we will continue to prioritize the development of the real economy,
upgrade the industrial base, modernize industrial chains, and keep the share
of manufacturing in the economy basically stable. We will transform and
upgrade traditional industries, strengthen strategic emerging industries, and
promote the vigorous development of the service sector. Coordinated
development of traditional and new forms of infrastructure will be promoted.
Digitalization will be sped up to create new strengths for the digital economy.
We will both develop digital industry and transform traditional industries with
digital technologies. We will work faster to develop a digital society, digital
government, and healthy digital ecosystem as we pursue the Digital China
initiative.

【分析】
1. pursue 追求，致力于
解释：译者在译“坚持…”时，用了 pursue
“坚持”的多种表达：with a commitment to / continue to / be committed to /
adhere to / remain committed to，比如 2018 年报告 First, with a commitment to
the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability（一）坚持稳
中求进工作总基调

2. at the heart of 核心地位

3. underpinned [ˌʌndərˈpɪnd] by 靠…巩固（文中是以…为引领）

解释：underpin 巩固，支持，构成（…的基础等）
比如 He presented data to underpin his argument.他提出数据来支持他的论点。

4. unlock the creativity of talent 激发人才创新活力

42
解释：unlock 表示发掘（潜力），揭开（秘密）
2019 年报告中也提到：and fully unlock market dynamism and social creativity.
把市场活力和社会创造力充分释放出来。

5. modernize industrial chains 产业链现代化

解释：modernize 使…现代化

6. Coordinated development of traditional and new forms of infrastructure will

be promoted. 统筹推进传统基础设施和新型基础设施建设
解释：traditional and new forms of infrastructure 传统基础设施和新型基础设施

7. develop a digital society 营造良好数字生态

解释：digital 数字的

【Part 23】
----形成强大国内市场，构建新发展格局。把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结
构性改革有机结合起来，以创新驱动、高质量供给引领和创造新需求。破除制约
要素合理流动的堵点，贯通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节，形成国民经济良性
循环。立足国内大循环，协同推进强大国内市场和贸易强国建设，依托国内经济
循环体系形成对全球要素资源的强大引力场，促进国内国际双循环。建立扩大内
需的有效制度，全面促进消费，拓展投资空间，加快培育完整内需体系。

----Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development

pattern. We will pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and
intensify supply-side structural reform, and generate new demand with
innovation-driven development and high-quality supply. We will remove
impediments to the rational flow of production factors along all links of
production, allocation, distribution, and consumption to facilitate favorable
circulation in our economy. We will give priority to domestic circulation, and
work to build a strong domestic market and turn China into a trader of quality.
43
We will leverage the flows of the domestic economy to make China a major
magnet for global production factors and resources, thereby promoting positive
interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation. We will put
in place frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand, boost consumer
spending across the board, and unlock the potential for investment, thus
accelerating the establishment of a complete system of domestic demand.

【分析】
1. robust [rəʊˈbʌst] adj.强劲的
例句：The formerly robust economy has begun to weaken.
原本强劲的经济开始疲软。

2. expand domestic demand 扩大内需

解释：domestic 国内的 比如 Domestic retailers are facing relentless pressure
from imports.国内零售商正面临来自进口的无情压力。

3. innovation-driven 创新驱动
解释：innovation 创新 driven 受到驱策的 比如 a market-driven economy 市场
导向的经济

4. remove impediments to the rational flow of production factors 破除制约要素

合理流动的堵点
解释：remove 排除，除去 impediment 阻碍，障碍
the rational flow of production factors（生产）要素合理流动

5. promote positive interplay between domestic circulation and international

circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn] 促进国内国际双循环
解释：interplay 表示相互作用，相互影响
2019 年报告类似表述 speed up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay

44
良性互动格局加快形成
circulation 流通，循环

【Part 24】
----全面推进乡村振兴，完善新型城镇化战略。坚持农业农村优先发展，严守 18
亿亩耕地红线，实施高标准农田建设工程、黑土地保护工程，确保种源安全，实
施乡村建设行动，健全城乡融合发展体制机制。建立健全巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果
长效机制，提升脱贫地区整体发展水平。深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略，
加快农业转移人口市民化，常住人口城镇化率提高到 65%，发展壮大城市群和
都市圈，实施城市更新行动，完善住房市场体系和住房保障体系，提升城镇化发
展质量。

----Advancing rural revitalization across the board and improving the new
urbanization strategy. The development of agriculture and rural areas remains
at the top of our work agenda. The total area of China’s farmland must stay
above the red line of 120 million hectares. We will carry out projects to develop
high-quality farmland and conserve chernozem soils, and ensure the security
of our germplasm resources. We will carry out rural development initiatives,
and improve systems and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban-rural
development. We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating
and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty, and raise the
overall performance of development in areas that have cast off poverty. The
strategy of new, people-centered urbanization will continue to be pursued. We
will move faster to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to
cities from rural areas, and raise the percentage of permanent urban residents
to 65 percent of the population. We will expand city clusters and metropolitan
areas, implement an action plan for urban renewal, and improve the housing
market and housing support system. These moves will enable us to achieve
higher quality urbanization.

45
【分析】
1. Advancing rural revitalization[ ˌriːˌvaɪtələˈzeɪʃn] across the board and
improving the new urbanization strategy 全面推进乡村振兴，完善新型城镇化
战略
解释：revitalization 复兴，复苏
across the board 全面 urbanization 城镇化，都市化

2. The total area of China’s farmland must stay above the red line of 120
million hectares. [ˈhɛktɑːz] 严守 18 亿亩耕地红线
解释：hectare 公顷 1 公顷=15 亩（1 亩=0.0666667 公顷）
18 亿亩 = 120,000,000 公顷
耕地红线，指经常进行耕种的土地面积最低值。它是一个具有低限含义数字，有
国家耕地红线和地方耕地红线。现行中国 18 亿亩耕地红线。
the red line 红线
stay above the red line of ... 严守...红线

3. (projects to) conserve chernozem soils ['tʃɜːnəzem] 黑土地保护（工程）

解释：conserve 保护，保存 chernozem 黑钙土

4. We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and

expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty 建立健全巩固拓展脱
贫攻坚成果长效机制
解释：a robust long-term mechanism 长效机制
consolidate and expand 巩固拓展
the achievements of the battle against poverty 脱贫攻坚成果

5. raise the percentage of permanent urban residents to 65 percent of the

population 常住人口城镇化率提高到 65％
解释：permanent urban residents 常住（城镇）人口

46
【Part 25】
----优化区域经济布局，促进区域协调发展。深入实施区域重大战略、区域协调
发展战略、主体功能区战略，构建高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间支撑体
系。扎实推动京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角
一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，高标准、高质量建设雄安新区。
推动西部大开发形成新格局，推动东北振兴取得新突破，促进中部地区加快崛起，
鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化。支持革命老区、民族地区加快发展，加强边疆地
区建设。积极拓展海洋经济发展空间。

----Improving regional economic structures and promoting coordinated regional

development. We will continue to implement the major regional development
strategies as well as the strategies for coordinated regional development and
functional zoning, so as to create regional economic structures and a territorial
space system that will sustain high-quality development. We will take solid
steps to promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in
the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and high-quality
development in the Yellow River basin. We will build Xiongan New Area to a
high standard. We will usher in a new stage in large-scale development in the
western region, promote breakthroughs in the revitalization of northeast China,
accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to
accelerate modernization. We will support old revolutionary base areas and
ethnic minority areas in speeding up development, and strengthen the
development of border areas. We will work to unlock the development potential
of the maritime economy.

【分析】
1. We will take solid steps to promote the coordinated development of the
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt
47
and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated
development in the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and
high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. [ˌiːkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl] 扎实推动京
津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河
流域生态保护和高质量发展，高标准、高质量建设雄安新区。
解释：take solid steps to promote 扎实推动
类似表示 make solid progress in/ make solid strides in
integrated development 一体化发展 ecological protection 生态保护
the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region 京津冀（地区）
the Yangtze Economic Belt 长江经济带
the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area 粤港澳大湾区
the Yangtze River Delta 长三角 the Yellow River basin 黄河流域

2. We will build Xiongan New Area to a high standard.高标准、高质量建设雄安

新区
解释：Xiongan New Area 雄安新区 (to) a high standard 高标准、高质量

3. large-scale development in the western region 西部大开发

解释：large-scale 大规模的，大批的，大范围

4. the revitalization of northeast China 东北振兴

5. rise of the central region 中部地区崛起

【Part 26】
----全面深化改革开放，持续增强发展动力和活力。构建高水平社会主义市场经
济体制，激发各类市场主体活力，加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整，优化民营
经济发展环境。建设高标准市场体系，全面完善产权制度，推进要素市场化配置
改革，强化竞争政策基础地位。建立现代财税金融体制，提升政府经济治理能力。

48
深化“放管服”改革，构建一流营商环境。建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，推动
共建“一带一路”高质量发展，构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络。

----Advancing reform and opening up across the board and bolstering the
momentum and vitality of development. To develop a high-standard socialist
market economy, we will energize all market entities, improve the layout and
structure of the state-owned sector at a faster pace, and create a better
development environment for private businesses. We will build a high-standard
market system, effect an all-round improvement in the property rights system,
carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production factors,
and reinforce the foundational role of competition policies. We will modernize
fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, and improve government capacity to
conduct economic governance. We will deepen reforms to streamline
administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services
to foster a world-class business environment. We will develop new systems for
a higher-standard open economy, promote the high-quality development of the
BRI, and build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones.

【分析】
1. carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production
factors [ˌæləˈkeɪʃn] 推进要素市场化配置改革
解释：carry out 推进完成
the market-based allocation of production factors 要素市场化配置

2. modernize fiscal, taxation, and financial systems [ˈfɪskl] 建立现代财税金融

体制
解释 ：modernize 使…现代 化 比如 If they want to increase output from the
factory, they’ll have to modernize.如果他们想增加工厂的产量，就必须实现现代
化。

49
fiscal, taxation, and financial systems 财税金融体制

【Part 27】
----推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。坚持绿水青山就是金山银山理念，
加强山水林田湖草系统治理，加快推进重要生态屏障建设，构建以国家公园为主
体的自然保护地体系，森林覆盖率达到 24.1％。持续改善环境质量，基本消除
重污染天气和城市黑臭水体。落实 2030 年应对气候变化国家自主贡献目标。加
快发展方式绿色转型，协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护，单位国
内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低 13.5％、18％。

----Promoting green development and ensuring harmony between humanity

and nature. We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush
mountains are invaluable assets and strengthen the conservation of mountain,
river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems. We will move faster to
build major ecological shields, develop a national park-based nature reserve
system, and expand forest coverage to 24.1 percent of China’s total land area.
We will continue to improve the quality of the environment, and generally
eliminate heavy air pollution and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We
will ensure that China meets the targets for its intended nationally determined
contributions in response to climate change by 2030. We will expedite the
transition of China’s growth model to one of green development, and promote
both high-quality economic growth and high-standard environmental protection.
Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of
GDP will be reduced by 13.5 percent and 18 percent, respectively.

【分析】
1. lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets [ˈluːsɪd lʌʃ] 绿水青山
就是金山银山
解释：lush 苍翠繁茂的 比如 The fields were lush with grass and flowers.田野

50
里长满了花草。
invaluable 无价的 asset 资产，财产

2. mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems 山水林田

湖草系统
解释：ecosystem 生态系统

3. generally eliminate heavy air pollution and black, malodorous water bodies
in cities [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt ˌmælˈəʊdərəs] 基本消除重污染天气和城市黑臭水体
解释：eliminate 排除，清除，消除 比如 The problem we confront today is there
is no one thing that can eliminate our dependency on petroleum.我们今天面临
的问题是，没有一件事能够消除我们对石油的依赖。
记忆：malodorous=mal（bad 坏）+odorous（气味的）=不好的气味=恶臭的
比如 The town is built on a malodorous swamp.小镇建在恶臭的沼泽上。

4. expedite [ˈekspədaɪt] v.加快

记忆：expedite=ex（向外）+ped（脚，足，比如 pedal 踏板）+ite（动词后置）
=向外走=加快
比如 Something needs to be done to expedite the process.我们需要采取一些措
施来加快这个过程。

【Part 28】
----持续增进民生福祉，扎实推动共同富裕。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，加强普
惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，制定促进共同富裕行动纲要，让发展成果更多
更公平惠及全体人民。实施就业优先战略，扩大就业容量。着力提高低收入群体
收入，扩大中等收入群体，居民人均可支配收入增长与国内生产总值增长基本同
步。建设高质量教育体系，深化教育改革，实施教育提质扩容工程，劳动年龄人
口平均受教育年限提高到 11.3 年。全面推进健康中国建设，构建强大公共卫生
体系，广泛开展全民健身运动，人均预期寿命再提高 1 岁。实施积极应对人口老

51
龄化国家战略，以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系，推动实现适度生育水平，
逐步延迟法定退休年龄。健全多层次社会保障体系，基本养老保险参保率提高到
95％，优化社会救助和慈善制度。发展社会主义先进文化，提高社会文明程度，
提升公共文化服务水平，健全现代文化产业体系。

----Improving people’s wellbeing and striving for common prosperity. We will do

everything within our capacity to improve the wellbeing of our people, and
ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and ensure
basic living standards for people in difficulty. An action plan will be adopted to
promote common prosperity to see that our people share more fully and fairly
in the gains of development. We will implement the employment-first strategy
and increase employment opportunities. We will work to raise the income of
the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group. Per
capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth. We will
build a high-quality education system by deepening educational reforms. We
will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its
capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the
working-age population will rise to 11.3. We will make all-round efforts to build
a Healthy China. We will develop a strong public health system, carry out
extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one
year. We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging,
and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and
child care. We will work to achieve an appropriate birth rate. The statutory
retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social
security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance
reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems
will also be improved. We will develop advanced socialist culture, raise
standards of public civility, improve public cultural services, and improve
modern systems for cultural industries.

52
【分析】
1. We will do everything within our capacity to 坚持尽力而为、量力而行

2. common prosperity 共同富裕

解释：prosperity 兴旺，繁荣

3. Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
居民人均可支配收入增长与国内生产总值增长基本同步
解释：Per capita 每人的，人均的 disposable income 支配收入
in step with 与…一致

4. improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and
child care 以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系
解释：with a focus on 以…为重点

【Part 29】
----统筹发展和安全，建设更高水平的平安中国。坚持总体国家安全观，加强国
家安全体系和能力建设。强化国家经济安全保障，实施粮食、能源资源、金融安
全战略，粮食综合生产能力保持在 1.3 万亿斤以上，提高能源综合生产能力。全
面提高公共安全保障能力，维护社会稳定和安全。

----Ensuring both development and security and ushering in a new stage in

building a Peaceful China. We will pursue a holistic approach to national
security and strengthen our national security system and capacity. To ensure
national economic security, we will carry out strategies for safeguarding food,
energy and resource, and financial security. We will keep overall grain output
above 650 million metric tons, and enhance our overall energy production
capacity. We will increase our public security capacity across the board to
maintain social stability and public safety.

53
【分析】
1. 650 million metric tons [ˈmetrɪk] 1.3 万亿斤
解释：1 公吨=2000 斤 6.5 亿公吨=1.3 万亿斤
我们中国人说的“吨”，都指的是“公吨”

【Part 30】
展望未来，我们有信心有能力战胜前进道路上的艰难险阻，完成“十四五”规划目
标任务，奋力谱写中国特色社会主义事业新篇章！

Looking to the future, we have the confidence and the ability to overcome all
difficulties and obstacles on our road ahead and fulfill the goals and tasks in
the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-2025),
thus opening a new page in the development of socialism with Chinese
characteristics.

【分析】
1. fulfill the goals and tasks in the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social
Development (2021-2025)完成“十四五”规划目标任务
解释：fulfill 实现
“十四五”规划指中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划纲要

【Part 31】
三、2021 年重点工作
III. Major tasks for 2021

今年是我国现代化建设进程中具有特殊重要性的一年。做好政府工作，要在以习
近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为
指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，坚持稳
中求进工作总基调，立足新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，以推

54
动高质量发展为主题，以深化供给侧结构性改革为主线，以改革创新为根本动力，
以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为根本目的，坚持系统观念，巩固拓展疫情
防控和经济社会发展成果，更好统筹发展和安全，扎实做好“六稳”工作、全面落
实“六保”任务，科学精准实施宏观政策，努力保持经济运行在合理区间，坚持扩
大内需战略，强化科技战略支撑，扩大高水平对外开放，保持社会和谐稳定，确
保“十四五”开好局起好步，以优异成绩庆祝中国共产党成立 100 周年。

The year 2021 is of particular importance to China as it pursues the

modernization drive. To accomplish the government’s work for the year, we
must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with
Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following: follow the guidance of Xi
Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;
implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and the
second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee in
full; act on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability;
ground our efforts in the new development stage, apply the new development
philosophy, and create a new pattern of development; pursue high-quality
development as the general aim, advance supply-side structural reform as the
main task, and harness reform and innovation as the key source of momentum
in our endeavor to meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people’s
growing needs for a better life; apply systems thinking; consolidate and expand
the achievements of the Covid-19 response and economic and social
development; ensure better coordination in pursuing development and
upholding security; ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in
six key areas; implement macro policies in a systemic and targeted way; keep
major economic indicators within an appropriate range; continue to expand
domestic demand; strengthen science and technology to provide strategic
support for development; pursue higher-standard opening up; maintain social
harmony and stability. These efforts will enable us to get off to a good start in
the 14th Five-Year Plan period and commemorate the centenary of the CPC
55
with outstanding achievements in development.

【分析】
1. implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and
the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee
in full 全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神
解释：党的十九大指中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会
十九届二中全会：第十九届中央委员会第二次全体会议
the second plenary session of the 19th Party Central Committee
plenary 全体参加的 session 会议，会期
关于“......会议的精神”，一般翻译成“the guiding principles of...”

2. (to) meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people’s growing needs for a
better life 以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为根本目的
解释：of satisfying the people’s growing needs 做 goal 的后置定语
satisfy 满足 growing needs 增长的需求
for a better life 做 needs 的后置定语

3. These efforts will enable us to get off to a good start in the 14th Five-Year
Plan period 确保“十四五”开好局起好步
解释：get off to a good start 开好局起好步
比如 Annie' s date didn' t get off to a good start. Annie 的约会开头可不太顺利

4. commemorate the centenary [senˈtenəri] of the CPC with outstanding

achievements in development 以优异成绩庆祝中国共产党成立 100 周年
记忆：commemorate=com（一起）+memor（记忆）+ate（动词后缀）=纪念，
庆祝（某重要事件）
centenary=cent（百，百分之一，比如 cent 分）+en（ann 年，比如 anniversary
周年纪念日）+ary（名词后缀）=一百周年

56
解释：with…伴随…
commemorate ... with outstanding achievements 以优异成绩庆祝...
in development 是 achievements 的后置定语

【Part 32】
今年我国发展仍面临不少风险挑战，但经济长期向好的基本面没有改变。我们要
坚定信心，攻坚克难，巩固恢复性增长基础，努力保持经济社会持续健康发展。

In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges,
but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain
unchanged. We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on, and
consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and
healthy economic and social development.

【分析】
1. but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain
unchanged [səˈsteɪn] 但经济长期向好的基本面没有改变
解释：that will sustain long-term growth 是修饰 fundamentals 的定语从句
sustain 维持，使保持 比如 He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships
with women.他似乎觉得很难和女人维持关系。
remain 保持

【Part 33】
今年发展主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长 6%以上；城镇新增就业 1100 万
人以上，城镇调查失业率 5.5%左右；居民消费价格涨幅 3%左右；进出口量稳
质升，国际收支基本平衡；居民收入稳步增长；生态环境质量进一步改善，单位
国内生产总值能耗降低 3%左右，主要污染物排放量继续下降；粮食产量保持在
1.3 万亿斤以上。

The main projected targets for development this year are as follows: GDP
57
growth of over 6 percent；over 11 million new urban jobs；a surveyed urban
unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent；CPI increase of around 3 percent；
steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports；a basic
equilibrium in the balance of payments；steady growth in personal income；a
further improvement in the environment；a drop of around 3 percent in energy
consumption per unit of GDP；a continued reduction in the discharge of major
pollutants；grain output of over 650 million metric tons.

【分析】
1. The main projected targets for development this year are as follows 今年发
展主要预期目标是
解释：projected 计划的 project 做动词有规划、计划的意思，比如 The next edition
of the book is projected for publication in March. 本书的下一版计划于三月发
行。
as follows 如下

2. energy consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] 能耗

解释：consumption 消耗，消耗量
比 如 Consumption of electricity is always higher during the summer months
because of air-conditioning. 由于有空调，夏季的用电量总是比较高。

【Part 34】
经济增速是综合性指标，今年预期目标设定为 6%以上，考虑了经济运行恢复情
况，有利于引导各方面集中精力推进改革创新、推动高质量发展。经济增速、就
业、物价等预期目标，体现了保持经济运行在合理区间的要求，与今后目标平稳
衔接，有利于实现可持续健康发展。

As a general target, China’s growth rate has been set at over 6 percent for this
year. In setting this target, we have taken into account the recovery of
economic activity. A target of over 6 percent will enable all of us to devote full
58
energy to promoting reform, innovation, and high-quality development. The
projected targets for growth, employment, and CPI should keep the economy
performing within the appropriate range. These targets are also well-aligned
with the annual goals of subsequent years in the 14th Five-Year Plan period,
and they will help sustain healthy economic growth.

【分析】
1. recovery [ri'kʌvəri] n.恢复
例句：The economy is showing signs of recovery.
经济正显示出复苏的迹象。

2. enable all of us to devote full energy to promoting reform, innovation, and

high-quality development 有利于引导各方面集中精力推进改革创新、推动高质
量发展
解释：devote 把…用于 devote sth to sth/doing sth ；to 在这里是介词
比如 I could only devote two hours a day to the work. 我一天只能在这个工作上
花两个小时。

【Part 35】
做好今年工作，要更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展。坚持常态化防控和局部应
急处置有机结合，继续毫不放松做好外防输入、内防反弹工作，抓好重点区域和
关键环节防控，补上短板漏洞，严防出现聚集性疫情和散发病例传播扩散，有序
推进疫苗研制和免费接种，提高科学精准防控能力和水平。

For the government to deliver this year, we need to carry out Covid-19
prevention and control and pursue economic and social development in a
more coordinated way. We will maintain control measures on a continuing
basis and be ready to address isolated emergencies. We will maintain
constant vigilance in guarding against inbound cases and domestic
resurgences, and ensure effective epidemic control in key areas and at key

59
links. We will effectively address all weaknesses in Covid-19 work, and take
strict measures to prevent clusters of infection and transmission caused by
isolated cases. The development of vaccines and the free vaccine program will
be steadily advanced, and efforts will be intensified to boost our capacity to
control Covid-19 with targeted and science-based measures.

【分析】
1. deliver [dɪˈlɪvər] v.实现，履行
解释：For the government to deliver this year 其实是两个状语：
第一个 for the government 对政府来说,
第二个 to deliver this year 为了今年要出成绩，
这句在 2020 年报告中也出现过
deliver 指实现，履行许诺过的事情，比如 The government has failed to deliver.
政府没有兑现(它所承诺的)。

2. We will maintain control measures on a continuing basis and be ready to

address isolated emergencies. 坚持常态化防控和局部应急处置有机结合

3. maintain constant vigilance [ˈvɪdʒɪləns] 继续毫不放松

解释：constant 不断的，不变的 vigilance 警戒，警觉

4. take strict measures to prevent clusters of infection and transmission

caused by isolated cases [ˈklʌstərz] 严防出现聚集性疫情和散发病例传播扩散
解释：cluster 群，团
clusters of infection 聚集性疫情（感染）
isolated cases 散发病例

【Part 36】
今年要重点做好以下几方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following tasks:
60
(一)保持宏观政策连续性稳定性可持续性，促进经济运行在合理区间。在区间调
控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。宏观政策要继续为市场主体纾困，
保持必要支持力度，不急转弯，根据形势变化适时调整完善，进一步巩固经济基
本盘。

1. Ensuring the continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies to

keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range. On the basis of
range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted, well-timed, and precision
regulation. We will continue to ensure macro policies alleviate the difficulties of
market entities and maintain necessary policy support for achieving this goal.
We will avoid sharp turns in policy; instead, we should make adjustments and
improvements based on new developments to reinforce the fundamentals of
the economy.

【分析】
1. ensure the continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies
保持宏观政策连续性稳定性可持续性。
解释：continuity 连续性 consistency 稳定性 sustainability 持续性
macro policy 宏观政策

2. On the basis of range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted,

well-timed, and precision regulation 在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调
控、精准调控
解释：“区间”指经济增长率、就业水平等不滑出“下限”，物价涨幅等不超出
“上限”，就是经济运行的合理区间。
“定向调控”指在区间调控的基础上，保持定力、有所作为、统筹施策、精准发
力，抓住重点领域和关键环节，更多依靠改革的办法，更多运用市场的力量，有
针对性地实施“喷灌”、“滴灌”。

61
“相机调控”指要根据不同的情况、不同的时机，灵活机动地作出决定，“相”
中时“机”。

3. alleviate the difficulties of [əˈliːvieɪt] 纾困

解释：纾困指缓解困难 alleviate 减轻，缓减 比如 The drugs did nothing to
alleviate her pain. 药物并没有减轻她的痛苦。

【Part 37】
积极的财政政策要提质增效、更可持续。考虑到疫情得到有效控制和经济逐步恢
复，今年赤字率拟按 3.2％左右安排、比去年有所下调，不再发行抗疫特别国债。
因财政收入恢复性增长，财政支出总规模比去年增加，重点仍是加大对保就业保
民生保市场主体的支持力度。中央本级支出继续安排负增长，进一步大幅压减非
急需非刚性支出，对地方一般性转移支付增长 7.8%、增幅明显高于去年，其中
均衡性转移支付、县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金等增幅均超过 10%。建立常
态化财政资金直达机制并扩大范围，将 2.8 万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达机制、
规模明显大于去年，为市县基层惠企利民提供更加及时有力的财力支持。各级政
府都要节用为民、坚持过紧日子，确保基本民生支出只增不减，助力市场主体青
山常在、生机盎然。

We will enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal
policy. In view of the effective containment of Covid-19 and gradual economic
recovery, we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2
percent, slightly lower than that of last year. No Covid-19 bonds will be issued.
As government revenue rebounds, total government expenditures will be
higher this year than last. We will continue to give priority to increasing support
for efforts to ensure employment, living standards, and the operations of
market entities. Continued cuts will be made in central government
expenditures, including considerable reductions to outlays on non-essential
and non-obligatory items. General transfer payments to local governments will
be increased by 7.8 percent, which is significantly higher than last year. This
62
will include growth of more than 10 percent in both transfer payments for
equalizing access to basic public services and rewards and subsidies to
ensure basic funding for county-level governments. We will make it a normal
practice to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level
governments and place more funds under this mechanism. This year, 2.8
trillion yuan of central government funding, a figure much larger than last year,
will be allocated in this way to provide timely and strong fiscal support to these
local governments to benefit businesses and people. We at every level of
government should practice fiscal frugality in the interests of the people. We
should continue to tighten our belts, ensure continued increases in spending to
meet basic living needs, and help sustain and energize market entities.

【分析】
1. we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent,
slightly lower than that of last year [ˈdefɪsɪt] 今年赤字率拟按 3.2％左右安排、
比去年有所下调
解释：deficit-to-GDP ratio 赤字率

2. continued cuts will be made in central government expenditures

[ɪkˈspɛndətʃərz] 中央本级支出继续安排负增长
解 释 ： expenditure 支 出 ， 花 费 比 如 It's part of a drive to cut government
expenditure.这是削减政府开支行动的一部分。

3. outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items 非急需非刚性支出

解释：outlay 支出，开支 non-essential 非必需的 non-obligatory 非强制性的

4. This will include growth of more than 10 percent in both transfer payments
for equalizing access to basic public services and rewards and subsidies
[ˈsʌbsədiz] to ensure basic funding for county-level governments 其中均衡性

63
转移支付、县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金等增幅均超过 10%
解释：“均衡性转移支付”是当同一级政府存在少量或没有财政赤字的情况下，
上级政府把从富裕地区集中的一部分收入转移到贫困地区的补助。
county-level governments 县级政府
rewards 资金 subsidies 奖补，补贴金

5. We at every level of government should practice fiscal frugality [ˈfɪskl fruˈɡ

æləti] in the interests of the people. 各级政府都要节用为民、坚持过紧日子
解释：practice 实行 frugality 节俭 比如 As children we were taught to be frugal
and hard-working.我们小时候就被教导要勤俭节约、努力工作。
in the interests of 为了…的利益，对…有利

【Part 38】
优化和落实减税政策。市场主体恢复元气、增强活力，需要再帮一把。继续执行
制度性减税政策，延长小规模纳税人增值税优惠等部分阶段性政策执行期限，实
施新的结构性减税举措，对冲部分政策调整带来的影响。将小规模纳税人增值税
起征点从月销售额 10 万元提高到 15 万元。对小微企业和个体工商户年应纳税
所得额不到 100 万元的部分，在现行优惠政策基础上，再减半征收所得税。各
地要把减税政策及时落实到位，确保市场主体应享尽享。

We will continue to implement and improve tax reduction policies. We need to

do more to help market entities stand firmly on their feet and thrive. We will
continue to implement systematic tax cut policies, extend the duration of
several temporary policies such as VAT relief for small-scale taxpayers, and
adopt new policies on structural tax reductions to offset the impact of some
policy adjustments. The VAT threshold for small-scale taxpayers will be raised
from 100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan in monthly sales. On the basis of
preferential policies already in force, we will halve the income tax of micro and
small enterprises and self-employed individuals on annual taxable income
below one million yuan. All local governments should implement tax reduction
64
policies fully and on a timely basis and see that market entities all enjoy these
tax reduction benefits.

【分析】
1. We need to do more to help market entities stand firmly on their feet and
thrive 市场主体恢复元气、增强活力，需要再帮一把
解释：market entities 市场主体 thrive 繁荣

2. The VAT threshold [ˈθreʃhoʊld] for small-scale taxpayers will be raised from
100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan in monthly sales. 将小规模纳税人增值税起征点
从月销售额 10 万元提高到 15 万元。
解释：VAT (Value Added Tax) 增值税 threshold 阈，界，起始点
small-scale 小规模 taxpayer 纳税人
小规模纳税人是指年销售额在规定标准以下，并且会计核算不健全，不能按规定
报送有关税务资料的增值税纳税人。

【Part 39】
稳健的货币政策要灵活精准、合理适度。把服务实体经济放到更加突出的位置，
处理好恢复经济与防范风险的关系。货币供应量和社会融资规模增速与名义经济
增速基本匹配，保持流动性合理充裕，保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定。保持人民币汇
率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。进一步解决小微企业融资难题。延续普惠小微
企业贷款延期还本付息政策，加大再贷款再贴现支持普惠金融力度。延长小微企
业融资担保降费奖补政策，完善贷款风险分担补偿机制。加快信用信息共享步伐。
完善金融机构考核、评价和尽职免责制度。引导银行扩大信用贷款、持续增加首
贷户，推广随借随还贷款，使资金更多流向科技创新、绿色发展，更多流向小微
企业、个体工商户、新型农业经营主体，对受疫情持续影响行业企业给予定向支
持。大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增长 30%以上。创新供应链金融服务模式。
适当降低小微企业支付手续费。优化存款利率监管，推动实际贷款利率进一步降
低，继续引导金融系统向实体经济让利。今年务必做到小微企业融资更便利、综

65
合融资成本稳中有降。就业优先政策要继续强化、聚力增效。着力稳定现有岗位，
对不裁员少裁员的企业，继续给予必要的财税、金融等政策支持。继续降低失业
和工伤保险费率，扩大失业保险返还等阶段性稳岗政策惠及范围，延长以工代训
政策实施期限。拓宽市场化就业渠道，促进创业带动就业。推动降低就业门槛，
动态优化国家职业资格目录，降低或取消部分准入类职业资格考试工作年限要
求。支持和规范发展新就业形态，加快推进职业伤害保障试点。继续对灵活就业
人员给予社保补贴，推动放开在就业地参加社会保险的户籍限制。做好高校毕业
生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业工作，完善残疾人、零就业家庭成员等困
难人员就业帮扶政策，促进失业人员再就业。拓宽职业技能培训资金使用范围，
开展大规模、多层次职业技能培训，完成职业技能提升和高职扩招三年行动目标，
建设一批高技能人才培训基地。实施提升就业服务质量工程。运用就业专项补助
等资金，支持各类劳动力市场、人才市场、零工市场建设，广开就业门路，为有
意愿有能力的人创造更多公平就业机会。

We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a
reasonable and appropriate level. We will give even greater priority to serving
the real economy, and balance the needs of promoting economic recovery and
preventing risks. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate
financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms,
maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply, and keep the macro
leverage ratio generally stable. We will also keep the RMB exchange rate
generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level. Further steps will be taken to
address the financing difficulties of micro and small enterprises. We will
continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer principal
and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans, and increase support for
inclusive finance via re-lending and rediscounting. We will continue the policy
of providing rewards and subsidies to reduce financing guaranty fees for micro
and small businesses, and improve mechanisms for risk sharing and
compensation for loan defaults. We will move faster to promote the sharing of
credit information. The assessment and evaluation of the performance of
66
financial institutions will be improved, and we will ensure that those who have
fulfilled their duties are not held accountable. Banks will be encouraged to
increase credit loans and first-time loans. We will extend the pay-as-you-go
lending model, channel more funds into scientific and technological innovation,
green development initiatives, micro and small enterprises, self-employed
individuals, and new types of agribusiness, and provide targeted support for
enterprises and industries enduring a sustained hit from Covid-19. Inclusive
loans to micro and small businesses by large commercial banks will increase
by over 30 percent this year. New models for providing supply chain financial
services will be developed. Appropriate reductions will be made to transaction
fees levied on micro and small businesses. We will improve regulation over
deposit rates, further lower loan interest rates in real terms, and continue to
guide the financial sector in giving more to the real economy. This year, we
must see that micro and small businesses have easier access to financing,
and that their overall financing costs steadily drop. We will continue to improve
the employment-first policy to enhance its performance. We will work to keep
the employment situation stable. We will continue to provide adequate fiscal,
tax, and financial policy support to businesses that do not cut jobs or only cut a
small number of them. We will further reduce premiums for unemployment
insurance and workers’ compensation, and expand the scope of time-limited
policies aimed at helping businesses maintain payrolls, such as the refunding
of unemployment insurance premiums. The duration of policies on work-based
training organized by companies will be extended. We will broaden channels
for creating market-based employment, and leverage the role of business
startups in boosting employment. The thresholds for obtaining employment will
be lowered, and we will improve the national catalog of professional
qualifications on a continuing basis, and relax or lift the years-of-experience
requirements for taking qualification examinations for some license-based
professions. We will support the development of new forms of employment and
keep such employment well-regulated, and we will move faster to advance
67
trials of occupational injury insurance. We will continue to subsidize
contributions to social insurance made by workers in flexible employment, and
allow people to access social security in the locality where they work even if
they do not hold local residency. We will work to ensure employment for key
groups such as college graduates, ex-service members, and rural migrant
workers, improve policies on employment support for people facing difficulties
like those with disabilities and members of zero-employment families, and help
unemployed people find work. We will expand the scope of use for vocational
skills training funds, launch large-scale, multi-level vocational skills training
programs, and complete the goals of the three-year initiative on providing
vocational skills training and expanding enrollment in vocational colleges. A
number of bases for training highly-skilled personnel will be opened. An
initiative will be carried out to boost the quality of employment services. We will
use employment subsidies and other funds to support the development of
labor, talent, and casual labor markets, so as to widen the avenues of
employment and enable people who are willing and able to work to find more
equitable job opportunities.

【分析】
1. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are
generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms [ˈæɡrɪɡət] 货币供应
量和社会融资规模增速与名义经济增速基本匹配
解释：see 在此处意为“保证，确保，务必做到”
比 如 2020 年 报 告 ： 1 ） We will see that funds are put to better and more
effective use 要大 力提质增效 2 ）we will ... and see that every cent is used
where it is needed most 一定要把每一笔钱都用在刀刃上、紧要处 3）We will
see that spending on people’s basic wellbeing is only increased and not cut 基
本民生支出只增不减
aggregate financing 社会融资规模（aggregate 总体，总融资规模就是社会融资

68
规模） economic growth in nominal terms 名义经济增速

2. macro leverage ratio 宏观杠杆率

3. We will continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer
principal and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans
延续普惠小微企业贷款延期还本付息政策
解释：micro and small enterprises 小微企业
defer 推迟，延缓 principal 本金 inclusive-finance loan 普惠金融贷款
普惠金融是指立足机会平等要求和商业可持续原则，以可负担的成本为有金融服
务需求的社会各阶层和群体提供适当、有效的金融服务。说白了就是给低收入人
群的贷款，这些低收入人群正常情况下是没法在银行借到钱的。
inclusive 包 容 的 ， 范 围 广 泛 的 比 如 The governments want to reach a
settlement that is as inclusive as possible.两国政府希望达成一项尽可能具有包
容性的解决方案。

4. increase support for inclusive finance via re-lending and rediscounting 加大

再贷款再贴现支持普惠金融力度
解释：re-lending 再贷款 rediscounting 再贴现

5. new types of agribusiness 新型农业经营主体

解释：agribusiness 农业综合企业

6. The duration of policies on work-based training organized by companies will

be extended. 延长以工代训政策实施期限
解释：duration 持续，持续的时间 work-based training 以工代训
of policies 是 duration 的后置定语
on work-based training 是 policies 的后置定语
organized by companies 是 training 的后置定语

69
7. we will move faster to advance trials of occupational injury insurance
加快推进职业伤害保障试点
解释：advance 促进，推动 比如 They worked together to advance the cause of
democracy. 他们合力推动民主事业。
trial 试点 occupational 职业的 injury insurance 伤害保障

8. subsidize contributions to social insurance 对…给予社保补贴

解释：社保补贴指为鼓励用人单位招用失业人员，支持失业人员自谋职业、自主
创业和灵活就业，商贸企业、服务型企业招用持《再就业优惠证》人员，符合《通
知》规定条件的，可向当地县级以上劳动保障部门申请享受社会保险补贴。
contribution（给雇主或政府用作医疗保险、养老金等津贴的）定期缴款

【Part 40】
(二)深入推进重点领域改革，更大激发市场主体活力。
在落实助企纾困政策的同时，加大力度推动相关改革，培育更加活跃更有创造力
的市场主体。

2. Advancing reforms in key areas and further energizing market entities.

While implementing policies to ease enterprises’ difficulties, we will also
intensify reforms to foster more dynamic and innovative market entities.

【分析】
1. foster [ˈfɒstə(r)] v.促进，助长，培养
解释：I’m trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children.我正努力
培养孩子们对古典音乐的兴趣。

2. dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] adj.有活力的

解 释 ： South Asia continues to be the most dynamic economic region in the
world. 南亚仍然是世界上最具活力的经济区。

70
【Part 41】
进一步转变政府职能。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府
作用，推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合。继续放宽市场准入，开展要素市场化
配置综合改革试点，依法平等保护各类市场主体产权。纵深推进“放管服”改革,
加快营造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境。将行政许可事项全部纳入清单管理。
深化“证照分离”改革，大力推进涉企审批减环节、减材料、减时限。实行中小微
企业简易注销制度。实施工业产品准入制度改革，推进汽车、电子电器等行业生
产准入和流通管理全流程改革。把有效监管作为简政放权的必要保障，全面落实
监管责任，加强对取消或下放审批事项的事中事后监管，完善分级分类监管政策，
健全跨部门综合监管制度，大力推行“互联网＋监管”，提升监管能力，加大失信
惩处力度，以公正监管促进优胜劣汰。加强数字政府建设，建立健全政务数据共
享协调机制，推动电子证照扩大应用领域和全国互通互认，实现更多政务服务事
项网上办、掌上办、一次办。企业和群众经常办理的事项，今年要基本实现“跨
省通办”。

We will further transform the functions of government. We will fully leverage

the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and give better play to
the role of government, to ensure better alignment between an efficient market
and a well-functioning government. We will continue to expand market access,
pilot a comprehensive reform on the market-based allocation of production
factors, and ensure equal protection for the property rights of various market
entities in accordance with the law. We will deepen reforms to streamline
administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services
and, move faster to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized
business environment. We will practice list-based management for all items
requiring administrative approval. We will advance the reform for separating
operating permits from business licenses, and devote major efforts to reducing
the procedures, documents, and time required in conducting government
review of applications made by enterprises. The system for deregistering
MSMEs with simplified procedures will be implemented. We will reform the
71
system of market access for industrial products, and advance reform of the
entire management process, from production access to marketing, for several
industries such as the automobile, electronic, and electric appliances
industries. Effective regulation is necessary for our efforts to streamline
administration and delegate power. We will see that all regulatory
responsibilities of government are fulfilled. We will strengthen ongoing and ex
post oversight of items for which approval has been canceled or delegated to
lower-level authorities. We will refine regulatory policies covering different
levels and categories, and improve the system of comprehensive inter-agency
regulation. We will also advance the Internet plus regulation model to enhance
our capacity for conducting regulation. We will impose stiffer penalties on acts
of bad faith, and carry out regulation in an impartial way to ensure that
well-performing businesses succeed in market competition and those which
are poorly run are eliminated. We will work to build a digital government. We
will set up a sound coordination mechanism for sharing government data,
expand the application, and promote mutual nationwide recognition, of
electronic licenses and certificates, and ensure more government services are
accessible online and on cellphone applications with the need for only one
application process. This year, high-demand government services should
generally be provided on an inter-provincial basis.

【分析】
1. We will continue to expand market access 继续放宽市场准入
解释：expand 扩大，扩展 access 通路，入径

2. We will advance the reform for separating operating permits from business
licenses 深化“证照分离”改革
解释：advance 促进，推动
“证照分离”指工商部门颁发的营业执照和各相关行业主管部门颁发的经营许可

72
证审批的改革。
business licenses 营业执照 operating permits 经营许可证

3. We will strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight of items for which

approval has been canceled or delegated to lower-level authorities. 加强对取
消或下放审批事项的事中事后监管
解释：ongoing 事中 ex-post 事后 oversight 监管
approval 审批 delegate 把（工作、权力等）委托（给下级）

4. Internet plus regulation model“互联网＋监管”

5. We will impose stiffer penalties on acts of bad faith 加大失信惩处力度

解释：impose 强制实行，推行 stiffer 是 stiff 的比较级 stiff 的意思是严厉的
比如 The athlete was given a stiff punishment for using drugs.那位运动员因使
用毒品而受到严厉的惩罚。
penalty 罚款 bad faith 不守诚信

【Part 42】
用改革办法推动降低企业生产经营成本。推进能源、交通、电信等基础性行业改
革，提高服务效率，降低收费水平。允许所有制造业企业参与电力市场化交易，
进一步清理用电不合理加价，继续推动降低一般工商业电价。中小企业宽带和专
线平均资费再降 10%。全面推广高速公路差异化收费，坚决整治妨碍货车通行
的道路限高限宽设施和检查卡点。取消港口建设费，将民航发展基金航空公司征
收标准降低 20%。鼓励受疫情影响较大的地方对承租国有房屋的服务业小微企
业和个体工商户减免租金。推动各类中介机构公开服务条件、流程、时限和收费
标准。要严控非税收入不合理增长，严厉整治乱收费、乱罚款、乱摊派，不得扰
民渔利，让市场主体安心经营、轻装前行。

We will work to reduce enterprises’ production and operating costs through

reform. We will advance the reform of basic sectors like energy, transportation
73
and telecommunications to provide more efficient services and reduce charges.
All manufacturing enterprises will be allowed to engage in market-based
electricity transactions. Further steps will be taken to cut unjustified surcharges
on electricity use; electricity rates for general industrial and commercial
businesses will be further reduced. Average rates for broadband and
dedicated internet access services for small and medium enterprises will be
lowered by another 10 percent. We will introduce differentiated pricing for
expressway tolls nationwide and take firm measures to rectify irregular height
and width limits and checkpoints that affect freight traffic. The port
development fee will be abolished. Airlines’ contributions to the civil aviation
development fund will be cut by 20 percent. Governments in localities that
were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged to lower or waive rentals on
state-owned property for micro and small businesses in the service sector and
for self-employed individuals. Various intermediary agencies will be urged to
make public their terms of service, procedures, timeframes, and charges.
Unjustified growth in non-tax government revenue will be strictly checked,
tough steps will be taken to end arbitrary charges, fines, and quotas, and no
action that seeks to make gains at the expense of our people and businesses
will be tolerated. All these efforts will lighten the burden on market entities and
enable them to focus on doing business free from undue concern.

【分析】
1. Further steps will be taken to cut unjustified surcharges on electricity use
进一步清理用电不合理加价
解释：unjustified adj.不正当的 surcharge 增收费
on electricity use 做 surcharge 的后置定语

2. electricity rates for general industrial and commercial businesses will be

further reduced 继续推动降低一般工商业电价

74
解释：electricity rates for general industrial and commercial businesses 一般工
商业电价
rate 价格，费用 比如 We offer special reduced rates for students. 我们对学生
有特惠价格。

3. Governments in localities that were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged

to lower or waive rentals on state-owned property for micro and small
businesses in the service sector and for self-employed individuals. 鼓励受疫情
影响较大的地方对承租国有房屋的服务业小微企业和个体工商户减免租金。
解释：受疫情影响较大的地方其实指“受疫情影响较大的地方的政府”
waive 放弃（权利、要求等）rental 租金
micro and small businesses 小微企业 the service sector 服务业
self-employed individuals 个体工商户
sector（尤指一国经济的）部门，领域，行业

4. tough steps will be taken to end arbitrary [ˈɑːrbɪtreri ] charges, fines, and
quotas [ˈkwəʊtəz] 严厉整治乱收费、乱罚款、乱摊派
解释：arbitrary charges 乱收费 arbitrary 任意的，武断的
比如 Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?
你选择目的地是有原因的还是随意的?
quota 定量，定额，指标

【Part 43】
促进多种所有制经济共同发展。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度。毫不动摇巩
固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。各类市场
主体都是国家现代化的建设者，要一视同仁、平等对待。深入实施国企改革三年
行动，做强做优做大国有资本和国有企业。深化国有企业混合所有制改革。构建
亲清政商关系，破除制约民营企业发展的各种壁垒。弘扬企业家精神。国家支持
平台企业创新发展、增强国际竞争力，同时要依法规范发展。强化反垄断和防止

75
资本无序扩张，坚决维护公平竞争市场环境。

We will promote the common development of enterprises under diverse forms

of ownership. We will continue to practice and improve the basic socialist
economic system. We will work unswervingly to both consolidate and develop
the public sector and encourage, support, and guide the development of the
non-public sector. All market entities, regardless of their type, are participants
in China’s modernization endeavors, and each and every one of them must be
treated as equals. We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for
SOE reform, and work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on
state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs. We will also
push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in SOEs. We will build a cordial and
clean relationship between government and business, remove barriers to the
development of private businesses, and promote an entrepreneurial spirit. The
state supports platform enterprises in pursuing innovative development and
enhancing international competitiveness, while ensuring that their business
operations are well-regulated in accordance with the law. We will step up
efforts against business monopolies and guard against unregulated expansion
of capital, and ensure fair market competition.

【分析】
1. We will work unswervingly [,ʌn'swə:viŋli] to both consolidate and develop the
public sector 毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济
解释：unswervingly 坚定不移地 consolidate 巩固
public sector 公有制经济 non-public sector 非公有制经济

2. work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and
enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs 做强做优做大国有资本和国有
企业

76
解释：state capital 国有资本 SOEs（State-owned enterprises）国有企业

3. remove barriers to the development of private businesses 破除制约民营企业

发展的各种壁垒
解释：remove 移开，拿开，去掉 barrier 障碍，屏障 private businesses 民营
企业

【Part 44】
深化财税金融体制改革。强化预算约束和绩效管理，加大预算公开力度，精简享
受税费优惠政策的办理流程和手续。落实中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改
革方案。继续多渠道补充中小银行资本、强化公司治理，推进政策性银行分类分
账改革，提升保险保障和服务功能。稳步推进注册制改革，完善常态化退市机制，
加强债券市场建设，更好发挥多层次资本市场作用，拓展市场主体融资渠道。强
化金融控股公司和金融科技监管，确保金融创新在审慎监管的前提下进行。完善
金融风险处置工作机制，压实各方责任，坚决守住不发生系统性风险的底线。金
融机构要坚守服务实体经济的本分。

We will deepen reforms of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems. We will
strengthen budget constraints and performance management, and promote
greater budget transparency. Procedures for accessing preferential tax and fee
policies will be streamlined. The reform plan for defining the respective fiscal
powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will
be implemented. We will continue to replenish capital and strengthen
corporate governance of small and medium banks through multiple channels,
promote the reform of policy banks in carrying out category-based
management for specific accounts, and strengthen the role of insurance in
protecting against risks and providing services. We will steadily advance the
reform to establish a registration-based IPO system, improve delisting as a
normal practice, and step up development of the bond market, so as to better
exert the role of multi-level capital markets and open up more financing
77
channels for market entities. We will strengthen regulation over financial
holding companies and financial technology to ensure that financial
innovations are made under prudent regulation. We will improve the
mechanism for managing financial risks, see responsibilities are fulfilled by all
the stakeholders, and ensure that no systemic risks arise. Financial institutions
must serve the real economy as they should do.

【分析】
1. We will strengthen budget constraints and performance management 强化预
算约束和绩效管理
解释：budget constraints 预算约束 performance management 绩效管理

2. improve delisting as a normal practice 完善常态化退市机制

解释：delist 摘牌

3. ensure that no systemic risks arise 坚决守住不发生系统性风险的底线

解释：systemic risks 系统性风险 arise 出现，产生 比如 A new crisis has arisen.
新危机已经出现。

【Part 45】
(三)依靠创新推动实体经济高质量发展，培育壮大新动能。促进科技创新与实体
经济深度融合，更好发挥创新驱动发展作用。

3. Promoting high-quality development of the real economy through

innovation and fostering new growth drivers. We will see that scientific and
technological innovations are fully applied in the real economy, and we will
better leverage the role of innovation in driving development.

【分析】

78
1. scientific and technological innovations 科技创新

2. leverage the role of [ˈliːvərɪdʒ] 发挥…作用

解 释 ： leverage 表 示 “ 利 用 ” 比 如 We can gain a market advantage by
leveraging our partners. 我们可以利用我们的合作伙伴来获得市场优势。
2020 年报告中写道 We will leverage the role of leading cities and city clusters
in driving the overall development of their surrounding areas 发挥中心城市和城
市群综合带动作用。

【Part 46】
提升科技创新能力。强化国家战略科技力量，推进国家实验室建设，完善科技项
目和创新基地布局。实施好关键核心技术攻关工程，深入谋划推进“科技创新
2030—重大项目”，改革科技重大专项实施方式，推广“揭榜挂帅”等机制。支持
有条件的地方建设国际和区域科技创新中心，增强国家自主创新示范区等带动作
用。发展疾病防治攻关等民生科技。促进科技开放合作。加强知识产权保护。基
础研究是科技创新的源头，要健全稳定支持机制，大幅增加投入，中央本级基础
研究支出增长 10.6%，落实扩大经费使用自主权政策，完善项目评审和人才评价
机制，切实减轻科研人员不合理负担，使他们能够沉下心来致力科学探索，以“十
年磨一剑”精神在关键核心领域实现重大突破。

We will raise our capacity for pursuing scientific and technological innovation.
We will improve our strategic scientific and technological strength. The building
of national laboratories will continue, and the layout of science and technology
programs and innovation centers will be improved. We will ensure the success
of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key
fields, further plan and implement the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda,
reform the way that major science and technology programs are implemented,
and extend mechanisms, such as the open competition mechanism to select
the best candidates to undertake key research projects, to more areas. We
support localities with requisite conditions to develop international and regional
79
centers for science and technology innovation, and better leverage the guiding
role of institutions such as national innovation demonstration zones. We
encourage advances in science and technology that promote people’s
wellbeing, such as breakthroughs in the prevention and control of diseases.
We also encourage opening up and international cooperation in the science
and technology sector, and we are firmly committed to protecting intellectual
property. Basic research is the wellspring of scientific and technological
innovation. So we will ensure the stable functioning of funding mechanisms for
basic research and boost spending in this area by a considerable sum. Central
government expenditures on basic research will increase by 10.6 percent.
Research institutes will have more say about how funds should be used, and
the mechanisms for assessing projects and evaluating personnel will be
refined. These actions will help relieve researchers of undue burdens and
enable them to fully devote their time and energy to making scientific
explorations and major breakthroughs in key technologies, just as a blacksmith
in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword.

【分析】
1. We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs
in core technologies in key fields 实施好关键核心技术攻关工程
解释：launch 发起，发动 achieve breakthroughs 实现突破

2. extend mechanisms, such as the open competition mechanism to select the

best candidates to undertake key research projects
推广“揭榜挂帅”等机制
解释：“揭榜挂帅”就是把需要实行的项目张榜出来，英雄不问出处，谁有能力
谁就“揭榜”，承担该项目。
undertake 承担 ，从事，负责 比如 The company has announced that it will
undertake a full investigation into the accident. 公司已经宣布将对这次事故进

80
行全面调查。

3. enable them to fully devote their time and energy to making scientific
explorations and major breakthroughs in key technologies, just as a blacksmith
in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword 使他们能够沉下心来
致力科学探索，以“十年磨一剑”精神在关键核心领域实现重大突破
解释：devote 致力于，奉献于；把……用于
blacksmith 铁匠，锻工

【Part 47】
运用市场化机制激励企业创新。强化企业创新主体地位，鼓励领军企业组建创新
联合体，拓展产学研用融合通道，健全科技成果产权激励机制，完善创业投资监
管体制和发展政策，纵深推进大众创业万众创新。延续执行企业研发费用加计扣
除 75%政策，将制造业企业加计扣除比例提高到 100%，用税收优惠机制激励企
业加大研发投入，着力推动企业以创新引领发展。

We will leverage market forces to encourage enterprises to engage in

innovation. We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and
encourage leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia. We will
expand the channels that bring together enterprises, universities, research
institutes and end-users, and refine the equity-based incentive mechanisms for
scientific and technological advances. We will improve the regulatory system
and development policies for venture capital, and further promote business
startups and innovation initiatives. We will continue to implement the policy of
granting an extra tax deduction of 75 percent on enterprises’ R&D costs, and
we will raise this to 100 percent for manufacturing enterprises. By employing
such mechanisms for preferential tax treatment, we can encourage enterprises
to increase R&D spending and pursue innovation-driven development.

81
【分析】
1. the principal role of enterprises in innovation 企业创新主体地位

2. further promote business startups and innovation initiatives 纵深推进大众创

业万众创新
解释：2020 年报告中，相似的表达 We will continue to encourage business
startups and innovation nationwide. 深入推进大众创业万众创新。

3. We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction

of 75 percent on enterprises’ R&D costs 延续执行企业研发费用加计扣除 75%
政策
解释：企业研发费用加计扣除意思是按照税法规定在开发新技术、新产品、新工
艺发生的研究开发费用的实际发生额基础上，再加成一定比例，作为计算应纳税
所得额时的扣除数额的一种税收优惠政策。
deduction 扣除 比如 The interest I receive on my savings account is paid after
the deduction of tax.我的储蓄存款的利息是扣除税金后支付的。

【Part 48】
优化和稳定产业链供应链。继续完成“三去一降一补”重要任务。对先进制造业企
业按月全额退还增值税增量留抵税额，提高制造业贷款比重，扩大制造业设备更
新和技术改造投资。增强产业链供应链自主可控能力，实施好产业基础再造工程，
发挥大企业引领支撑和中小微企业协作配套作用。发展工业互联网，搭建更多共
性技术研发平台，提升中小微企业创新能力和专业化水平。加大 5G 网络和千兆
光网建设力度，丰富应用场景。统筹新兴产业布局。加强质量基础设施建设，深
入实施质量提升行动，促进产业链上下游标准有效衔接，弘扬工匠精神，以精工
细作提升中国制造品质。

We will ensure the stable operation of industrial and supply chains and
improve them. We will continue working on the five priority tasks of cutting
overcapacity, reducing excess housing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs,
82
and strengthening areas of weakness. We will refund all due VAT credits to
advanced manufacturing enterprises on a monthly basis, raise the proportion
of loans to the manufacturing sector, and increase investment in the equipment
upgrades and technology transformations of manufacturing enterprises. We
will see that industrial and supply chains are more self-supporting and that
their risks are better controlled. We will implement projects for upgrading
foundational industrial infrastructure and give full play to large enterprises’
capacity to provide leadership and support, and to the collaborative and
supporting role of MSMEs. We will further develop the industrial internet and
build additional platforms for generic technology R&D to enhance the capacity
of MSMEs for making innovations and engaging in specialized production. The
development of the 5G networks and 1000M fiber optic networks will be
stepped up and their application will be extended to more settings. The layout
of emerging industries will be planned in a well-coordinated way. China’s
National Quality Infrastructure will be strengthened; intensified efforts will be
made to enhance quality, and ensure the alignment of standards throughout
the industrial chain. We will champion the pursuit of fine workmanship to boost
the quality of Chinese manufacturing.

【分析】
1. the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess housing
inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness
[ˈɪnvəntɔːri] “三去一降一补”重要任务
解释：“三去一降一补”即去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板五大任务。
是习近平总书记根据供给侧结构性改革提出的。
cut overcapacity 去产能 reduce excess housing inventory 去库存
deleverage 去杠杆 lower costs 降成本 strengthen areas of weakness 补短板

2. We will refund all due VAT credits to advanced manufacturing enterprises on

83
a monthly basis 对先进制造业企业按月全额退还增值税增量留抵税额
解释：refund 退款 比如 When I went on business to Peru, the office refunded
my expenses.当我去秘鲁出差时，公司退还了我的费用。

3. give full play to large enterprises’ capacity to provide leadership and support,
and to the collaborative and supporting role of MSMEs. 发挥大企业引领支撑
和中小微企业协作配套作用
解释：give full play to 发挥…作用
2020 年报告中用了 give full scope to，give full scope to enterprises as the main
actors 发挥企业主体作用
MSMEs（Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) 中小微企业

4. We will champion the pursuit of fine workmanship to boost the quality of

Chinese manufacturing 弘扬工匠精神，以精工细作提升中国制造品质
解释：champion 支持，拥护
the pursuit of fine workmanship 工匠精神

【Part 49】
(四)坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，充分挖掘国内市场潜力。紧紧围绕改善民生拓
展需求，促进消费与投资有效结合，实现供需更高水平动态平衡。

4. Expanding domestic demand as a strategic move and fully tapping the

potential of the domestic market. With a focus on improving the people’s
wellbeing, we will expand demand, and promote better alignment between
consumption and investment, so as to attain a more desirable and dynamic
equilibrium between supply and demand.

【分析】
1. tap [tæp] v.利用，开发，发掘

84
例句：We need to tap the expertise of the people we already have. 我们需要
利用我们现有人员的专业知识。

2. better alignment [əˈlaɪnmənt] 有效结合

解释：alignment 有结盟的意思

3. attain [əˈteɪn] v.达到，实现

例句：Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot’s licence.
吉姆快要拿到他的飞行员执照了。

【Part 50】
稳定和扩大消费。多渠道增加居民收入。健全城乡流通体系，加快电商、快递进
农村，扩大县乡消费。稳定增加汽车、家电等大宗消费，取消对二手车交易不合
理限制，增加停车场、充电桩、换电站等设施，加快建设动力电池回收利用体系。
发展健康、文化、旅游、体育等服务消费。鼓励企业创新产品和服务，便利新产
品市场准入，推进内外贸产品同线同标同质。保障小店商铺等便民服务业有序运
营。运用好“互联网＋”，推进线上线下更广更深融合，发展新业态新模式，为消
费者提供更多便捷舒心的服务和产品。引导平台企业合理降低商户服务费。稳步
提高消费能力，改善消费环境，让居民能消费、愿消费，以促进民生改善和经济
发展。

We will stabilize and expand consumption. Personal incomes will be increased

through multiple channels. Networks for the flow of goods and services in
urban and rural areas will be improved, and rural e-commerce and express
delivery services will be expanded to spur greater consumption at the county
and township levels. We will encourage steady increases in spending on home
appliances, automobiles, and other big-ticket items, and abolish excessive
restrictions on sales of second-hand vehicles. More car parks and electric
vehicle battery charging and swapping facilities will be built, and the system for
recycling power batteries will be developed at a faster pace. Consumption of
85
services such as healthcare, culture, tourism, and sports will be promoted.
Enterprises are encouraged to develop new products and services, and better
market access will be provided for new products. We will ensure that products
sold domestically are produced on the same production lines, meet the same
standards, and are of the same quality as exported products. We will ensure
that convenience stores, shops, and other neighborhood services are well-run.
We will use the Internet Plus model to promote integrated development of
online and offline businesses in more fields and create new forms and models
of business, thus providing more convenient and satisfying services for
consumers. We will also encourage platform companies to reduce their service
fees as appropriate. By taking these steps, we will steadily improve people’s
consumption capacity and the environment for consumption and ensure that
our people have the ability and willingness to spend, thus improving their lives
and driving economic development.

【分析】
1. rural e-commerce and express delivery services will be expanded to spur
greater consumption at the county and township levels 加快电商、快递进农村，
扩大县乡消费
解释：express delivery 快递
spur 刺激，鼓舞 at the county and township levels 县乡级

2. abolish [əˈb ɑ ːlɪʃ] excessive restrictions on sales of second-hand vehicles

取消对二手车交易不合理限制
解释：abolish 废除，废止，取消 比如 The government is planning to abolish
subsidies to farmers.政府正计划取消对农民的补贴。
excessive 过分的，过度的 比如 They complained about the excessive noise
coming from the upstairs flat. 他们抱怨楼上发出的噪音太大。

3. ensure that convenience stores, shops, and other neighborhood services

86
are well-run 保障小店商铺等便民服务业有序运营
解释：convenience stores 便利店
run 经营，运行 比如 He has no idea how to run a business. 他丝毫不懂企业管
理。

【Part 51】
扩大有效投资。今年拟安排地方政府专项债券 3.65 万亿元，优先支持在建工程，
合理扩大使用范围。中央预算内投资安排 6100 亿元。继续支持促进区域协调发
展的重大工程，推进“两新一重”建设，实施一批交通、能源、水利等重大工程项
目，建设信息网络等新型基础设施，发展现代物流体系。政府投资更多向惠及面
广的民生项目倾斜，新开工改造城镇老旧小区 5.3 万个，提升县城公共服务水平。
简化投资审批程序，推进实施企业投资项目承诺制。完善支持社会资本参与政策，
进一步拆除妨碍民间投资的各种藩篱，在更多领域让社会资本进得来、能发展、
有作为。

We will expand effective investment. This year, 3.65 trillion yuan of local
government special-purpose bonds will be issued. The scope of use for such
bonds will be expanded as appropriate, with priority given to funding for key
projects already under construction. The central government will earmark a
total of 610 billion yuan for investment in its budget. We will continue to support
the construction of major projects that facilitate coordinated development
among regions, and launch new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives
as well as major projects. We will also launch a number of major transportation,
energy, and water conservancy projects, develop information networks and
other new types of infrastructure, and work to modernize the logistics system.
Government investment will be weighted toward projects which will help
significantly improve the people’s wellbeing. Rebuilding and renovation of
53,000 old urban residential communities will begin, and the public service
standards of county towns will be raised. Investment approval procedures will
be streamlined, and the business-invested project commitment system will be
87
put into practice. We will improve our policies for encouraging the participation
of nongovernmental capital, and do more to remove barriers impeding private
investment, so that such investment can enter, develop, and yield good returns
in more fields.

【分析】
1. launch new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives as well as major
projects 推进“两新一重”建设
解释：“两新一重”顾名思义，也就是两个“新”和一个“重”，分别是新型基
础设施、新型城镇化，以及交通、水利等重大工程。
infrastructure 基础设施，公共建设 urbanization 都市化 initiative 法案，倡议 比
如 The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.双方对和平倡议表示欢迎。

2. Government investment will be weighted toward projects which will help

significantly improve the people’s wellbeing 政府投资更多向惠及面广的民生项
目倾斜
解释：weight 加重量于 people’s wellbeing 民生福祉

3. do more to remove barriers impeding private investment 进一步拆除妨碍民

间投资的各种藩篱
解释：remove 移开，拿开，去掉 barrier 障碍，屏障，障碍物
impede 阻碍，妨碍

【Part 52】
(五)全面实施乡村振兴战略，促进农业稳定发展和农民增收。接续推进脱贫地区
发展，抓好农业生产，改善农村生产生活条件。

5. Implementing the rural revitalization strategy across the board and

promoting steady development of agriculture and growth in rural incomes. We
will continue to promote the development of areas that have been lifted out of
88
poverty, bolster agricultural production, and improve working and living
conditions in rural areas.

【分析】
1. We will continue to promote the development of areas that have been lifted
out of poverty 接续推进脱贫地区发展
解释：that have been lifted out of poverty 是修饰 areas 的定语从句
be lifted out of poverty 是脱贫的意思 比如 Over the past eight years, the final
98.99 million impoverished rural residents living under the current poverty line
have all been lifted out of poverty. 过去 8 年，现行标准下 9899 万农村贫困人
口全部脱贫。

【Part 53】
做好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。对脱贫县从脱贫之日起设立 5
年过渡期，保持主要帮扶政策总体稳定。健全防止返贫动态监测和帮扶机制，促
进脱贫人口稳定就业，加大技能培训力度，发展壮大脱贫地区产业，做好易地搬
迁后续扶持，分层分类加强对农村低收入人口常态化帮扶，确保不发生规模性返
贫。在西部地区脱贫县中集中支持一批乡村振兴重点帮扶县。坚持和完善东西部
协作和对口支援机制，发挥中央单位和社会力量帮扶作用，继续支持脱贫地区增
强内生发展能力。

We will align efforts to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty

alleviation with efforts to promote rural revitalization. For counties lifted out of
poverty, a five-year transition period will apply from the date poverty in their
locality was eradicated, during which major assistance policies will remain
unchanged for them. Continuous monitoring and assistance mechanisms will
be enhanced to prevent populations that have been lifted out of poverty from
falling back into it again. Stable employment for these populations should be
ensured, and more skills training will be made available to them. We will further
develop industries in areas that are no longer in poverty, provide follow-up
89
support for those who have been relocated from inhospitable areas, and
enhance regular and tiered assistance of various types to low-income rural
residents. These steps will forestall a large-scale reemergence of poverty. A
number of counties lifted out of poverty in western China will be designated as
key counties for receiving assistance for rural revitalization. The mechanisms
for collaboration between the eastern and western regions and for providing
paired assistance will remain in place and be improved. Central departments
and organizations as well as non-governmental actors will continue to play
their roles in providing assistance. All these efforts will help those areas which
have been lifted out of poverty enhance their capacity for sustaining
self-development.

【分析】
1. For counties lifted out of poverty, a five-year transition period will apply from
the date poverty in their locality was eradicated [ɪˈrædɪkeɪtɪd] 对脱贫县从脱贫
之日起设立 5 年过渡期
解释：poverty in their locality was eradicated 解释了是哪一天，即“脱贫之日”
这个被动语态中，用了过去时 was
a five-year transition period 5 年过渡期

2. enhance regular and tiered assistance of various types to low-income rural

residents [tɪrd] 分层分类加强对农村低收入人口常态化帮扶
解释：regular 经常的，定期的
tiered 分层 的 比 如 China will adjust the natural gas pricing mechanism and
push forward tiered pricing for household electricity, as part of its efforts to
save energy and cut emissions, the State Council said Wednesday. 国务院周
三宣布，国家会调整天然气价格机制，推行居民用电阶梯价格，以实现节能减排
的目标。
low-income rural residents 低收入农村居民

90
3. The mechanisms for collaboration between the eastern and western regions
and for providing paired assistance will remain in place and be improved.坚持
和完善东西部协作和对口支援机制
解释：paired assistance 对口支援 paired 配对的

【Part 54】
提高粮食和重要农产品供给保障能力。保障粮食安全的要害是种子和耕地。要加
强种质资源保护利用和优良品种选育推广，开展农业关键核心技术攻关。提高高
标准农田建设标准和质量，完善灌溉设施，强化耕地保护，坚决遏制耕地“非农
化”、防止“非粮化”。建设国家粮食安全产业带。稳定种粮农民补贴，适度提高
稻谷、小麦最低收购价，扩大完全成本和收入保险试点范围。稳定粮食播种面积，
提高单产和品质。多措并举扩大油料生产。发展畜禽水产养殖，稳定生猪生产。
加强动植物疫病防控。保障农产品市场供应和价格基本稳定。开展粮食节约行动。
解决好吃饭问题始终是头等大事，我们一定要下力气也完全有能力保障好 14 亿
人的粮食安全。

We will enhance our ability to ensure the supply of food and major agricultural
products. Seeds and cropland are crucial for safeguarding China’s food
security. We will strengthen the protection and use of germplasm resources
and the breeding and application of fine crop varieties, and strive to make key
technological breakthroughs in agriculture. The standards for maintaining
high-quality farmland will be raised, and irrigation facilities will be improved.
We will enhance the protection of cropland, and resolutely stop any attempt to
use it for purposes other than agriculture and specifically grain production.
Agricultural belts for national food security will be developed. Subsidies for
grain growers will be maintained, and minimum purchase prices for rice and
wheat will be increased as appropriate. Pilot insurance programs covering total
production costs and incomes will be expanded. Grain acreage will be kept
stable, per unit crop yield will be increased, and the quality of grains will be
raised. We will adopt multiple measures to expand the production of
91
oil-bearing crops, develop livestock, poultry, and aquaculture farming, and
promote stable hog production. Prevention and control of animal and plant
diseases will be enhanced. We will ensure stability in the supply and prices of
agricultural products, and launch food saving initiatives. Ensuring that our
people have enough food remains a top priority for our government. We are
resolved to ensure food security for our 1.4 billion people, and we know we can
achieve this.

【分析】
1. Seeds and cropland are crucial for safeguarding China’s food security.保障
粮食安全的要害是种子和耕地
解释：seeds and cropland 种子和耕地 crucial 至关重要的，关键性的 比如
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company. 赢得这份合同
对这家公司的成败至关重要。
safeguard 保护，护卫 food security 粮食安全

【Part 55】
扎实推进农村改革和乡村建设。巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，保持土地承包关
系稳定并长久不变，稳步推进多种形式适度规模经营，加快发展专业化社会化服
务。深化供销社、集体林权、国有林区林场、农垦等改革。提高土地出让收入用
于农业农村比例。强化农村基本公共服务和公共基础设施建设，促进县域内城乡
融合发展。启动农村人居环境整治提升五年行动。保障农民工工资及时足额支付。
加快发展乡村产业，壮大县域经济，拓宽农民就业渠道。千方百计使亿万农民多
增收、有奔头。

We will take solid steps in advancing rural reform and development. We will
consolidate and improve the system of basic rural operations. We will keep
rural land contract relationships unchanged over the long term, steadily
promote appropriately scaled agribusiness operations of various types, and
speed up the development of specialized and commercial services. Reforms of
92
supply and marketing cooperatives, collective forest tenure, state forestry
areas and farms, and state farms will be deepened. More of the revenue from
land sales will be spent on agriculture and rural development. We will
strengthen basic public services and infrastructure construction in rural areas
and promote integrated urban-rural development in counties. A five-year
program to improve the rural living environment will be launched. We will
ensure that rural migrant workers receive their pay on time and in full. We will
promote faster development of rural industries and strengthen county
economies, so as to enable rural people to seek employment through more
channels. We will do our utmost to see that rural residents in their hundreds of
millions can earn higher incomes and embrace a brighter future.

【分析】
1. We will keep rural land contract relationships unchanged over the long term
保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变
解释：rural land contract relationships 土地承包关系
unchanged 未改变的 long term 长期

2. Reforms of supply and marketing cooperatives, collective forest tenure,

state forestry areas and farms, and state farms will be deepened [ˈfɔːrɪstri] 深
化供销社、集体林权、国有林区林场、农垦等改革
解释：供销社一般指中华全国供销合作总社 China Federation of Supply and
Marketing Cooperatives
集体林权指集体所有制的经济组织或单位对森林、林木和林地所享有的占有、使
用、收益、处分的权利 collective forest tenure
tenure 指（多指房地产的）保有权，保有期
国有林区林场 state forestry areas and farms

3. We will do our utmost to see that rural residents in their hundreds of millions

93
can earn higher incomes and embrace a brighter future [ˈʌtmoʊst] 千方百计使
亿万农民多增收、有奔头
解释：utmost 最大限度，极限，最大可能 see 确保

【Part 56】
(六)实行高水平对外开放，促进外贸外资稳中提质。实施更大范围、更宽领域、
更深层次对外开放，更好参与国际经济合作。

6. Pursuing high-standard opening up and promoting stable and improved

performance in foreign trade and investment. We will open up more sectors of
the economy in a more thorough fashion and participate more fully in
international economic cooperation.

【分析】
1. We will open up more sectors of the economy in a more thorough fashion 实
施更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次对外开放
解释：thorough 完全的，彻底的 比如 They did a thorough search of the area but
found nothing.他们彻底搜查了那一地区，但什么也没有发现。

【Part 57】
推动进出口稳定发展。加强对中小外贸企业信贷支持，扩大出口信用保险覆盖面、
优化承保和理赔条件，深化贸易外汇收支便利化试点。稳定加工贸易，发展跨境
电商等新业态新模式，支持企业开拓多元化市场。创新发展服务贸易。优化调整
进口税收政策，增加优质产品和服务进口。办好进博会、广交会、服贸会等重大
展会。推动国际物流畅通，清理规范口岸收费，不断提升通关便利化水平。

We will promote steady growth of imports and exports. We will increase credit
support to small and medium foreign trade firms, expand the coverage of
export credit insurance and streamline the conditions for insurance acceptance
and claims settlement. Trials to facilitate foreign exchange settlement for trade
94
firms will be advanced. We will keep the processing trade stable, develop new
forms and models of trade such as cross-border e-commerce, and support
enterprises in diversifying their markets overseas. New approaches will be
explored to develop trade in services. We will improve and adjust import tariff
policies and increase imports of quality products and services. Good
preparations will be made for holding major trade events such as the China
International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, and the China
International Fair for Trade in Services. We will work to ensure smooth
international logistics services, overhaul and standardize port charges, and
further simplify customs clearance.

【分析】
1. expand the coverage of export credit insurance and streamline the
conditions for insurance acceptance and claims settlement [ˈkʌvərɪdʒ] 扩大出
口信用保险覆盖面、优化承保和理赔条件
解释：coverage 覆盖，覆盖范围 export credit insurance 出口信用保险
streamline 使（系统、机构等）效率更高 insurance acceptance 承保
claim 索赔 settlement 协议（书），解决，处理

2. overhaul and standardize port charges [əʊvə'hɔːl] 清理规范口岸收费

解 释 ： overhaul 全 面 改 革 ， 彻 底 检 修 比 如 The government has recently
overhauled the healthcare system.政府最近改革了医疗体系。
standardize 使标准化 port charges 口岸收费

【Part 58】
积极有效利用外资。进一步缩减外资准入负面清单。推动服务业有序开放，增设
服务业扩大开放综合试点，制定跨境服务贸易负面清单。推进海南自由贸易港建
设，加强自贸试验区改革开放创新，推动海关特殊监管区域与自贸试验区融合发
展，发挥好各类开发区开放平台作用。促进内外资企业公平竞争，依法保护外资

95
企业合法权益。欢迎外商扩大在华投资，分享中国开放的大市场和发展机遇。

We will use foreign investment more effectively. The negative list for foreign
investment will be further cut. We will open the service sector in a
well-regulated way, launch more comprehensive trials on its opening, and
formulate a negative list for cross-border trade in services. We will further the
development of the Hainan Free Trade Port, pursue reform, opening up, and
innovation in pilot free trade zones, promote integrated development of special
customs regulation zones and pilot free trade zones, and fully leverage the role
of economic development zones as platforms for opening up. We will promote
fair competition between domestic and foreign companies and protect the
lawful rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises. Foreign investors
are welcome to expand their investments in China and share in its vast open
market and development opportunities.

【分析】
1. formulate [ˈfɔːrmjuleɪt] a negative list for cross-border trade in services 制定
跨境服务贸易负面清单
解释：formulate 制订，规划 negative list 负面清单
cross-border trade in services 跨境服务贸易

2. promote integrated development of special customs regulation zones and

pilot free trade zones 推动海关特殊监管区域与自贸试验区融合发展
解释：integrated development 融合发展 special customs regulation zones 海
关特殊监管区域 pilot free trade zones 自贸试验区

【Part 59】
高质量共建“一带一路”。坚持共商共建共享，坚持以企业为主体、遵循市场化原
则，健全多元化投融资体系，有序推动重大项目合作，推进基础设施互联互通。

96
提升对外投资合作质量效益。

We will promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. We are committed to

the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration.
We will, with enterprises as the main actors and acting on market principles,
set up a sound, diversified investment and financing framework, and work to
steadily advance cooperation on major projects and promote infrastructure
connectivity. We will work to improve the performance of China’s outbound
investment and international cooperation in this area.

【分析】
1. We will, with enterprises as the main actors and acting on market principles,
set up a sound, diversified investment and financing framework 坚持以企业为
主体、遵循市场化原则，健全多元化投融资体系
解释：a sound, diversified investment and financing framework 健全多元化投
融资体系
sound 健全的，完好的 比如 It’s an old building but it's still structurally sound.
这是一座古老的建筑，但它的结构仍然完好。

【Part 60】
深化多双边和区域经济合作。坚定维护多边贸易体制。推动区域全面经济伙伴关
系协定尽早生效实施、中欧投资协定签署，加快中日韩自贸协定谈判进程，积极
考虑加入全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定。在相互尊重基础上，推动中美平等
互利经贸关系向前发展。中国愿与世界各国扩大相互开放，实现互利共赢。

We will deepen multilateral, bilateral, and regional economic cooperation. We

will continue to uphold the multilateral trading regime. We will work for the early
entry into force and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic
Partnership Agreement and the signing of the China-EU Comprehensive
Agreement on Investment. We will accelerate China’s free trade negotiations
97
with Japan and the Republic of Korea. China will actively consider joining the
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. We
will promote the growth of mutually beneficial China-US business relations on
the basis of equality and mutual respect. China stands ready to work with other
countries to achieve mutual benefits on the basis of greater mutual opening.

【分析】
1. uphold the multilateral trading regime [ˌmʌltiˈlætərəl ˈtreɪdɪŋ reɪˈʒiːm] 维护
多边贸易体制
解释：uphold 支持，维护 比如 We have a duty to uphold the law. 维护法律是
我们的责任。
multilateral 多边的，多国的 regime 管理体制，政权，政体

2. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定
解释：comprehensive 全面的 progressive 进步的，先进的

3. China stands ready to work with other countries to achieve mutual benefits
on the basis of greater mutual opening. 中国愿与世界各国扩大相互开放，实现
互利共赢
解释：stand 处于（某种状态或情形） 比如 The house stood empty for a long
time. 那所房子空了好长一段时间。
mutual 共同的，相互的

【Part 61】
(七)加强污染防治和生态建设，持续改善环境质量。深入实施可持续发展战略，
巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果，促进生产生活方式绿色转型。

7. Enhancing Pollution Prevention and Control and Ecological Conservation

and Promoting Continuous Environmental Improvement. We will fully
98
implement the sustainable development strategy, consolidate the gains in our
endeavors to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands
pollution-free, and transition to eco-friendly production and ways of life.

【分析】
1. Enhancing Pollution Prevention and Control and Ecological Conservation
[ˌiːkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn] 加强污染防治和生态建设
解释：Pollution Prevention and Control 污染防治
Ecological Conservation 生态保护 conservation 保护，保存，保持
比如 A conservation programme has been underway since 1980.一项保护计划
自 1980 年开始实施。

2. consolidate the gains in our endeavors to keep our skies blue, our waters
clear, and our lands pollution-free 巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果
解释：consolidate 使加强，使巩固 in our endeavors 我们尽力
pollution-free 无污染的，零污染的
类似 noise-free 无噪音的，低噪音的 emission-free 零排放的

【Part 62】
继续加大生态环境治理力度。强化大气污染综合治理和联防联控，加强细颗粒物
和臭氧协同控制，北方地区清洁取暖率达到 70%。整治入河入海排污口和城市
黑臭水体，提高城镇生活污水收集和园区工业废水处置能力，严格土壤污染源头
防控，加强农业面源污染治理。继续严禁洋垃圾入境。有序推进城镇生活垃圾分
类。推动快递包装绿色转型。加强危险废物医疗废物收集处理。研究制定生态保
护补偿条例。落实长江十年禁渔，实施生物多样性保护重大工程，持续开展大规
模国土绿化行动，推进生态系统保护和修复，让我们生活的家园拥有更多碧水蓝
天。

We will continue to intensify efforts to improve the environment. We will

strengthen comprehensive measures and joint efforts on air pollution
99
prevention and control, and step up coordination on the control of fine
particulate matter and ozone pollution. Clean heating will account for 70
percent of all heating in northern China. We will clean up sewage outfalls into
seas and rivers and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will enhance
our capacity to collect urban household sewage and to treat waste water from
industrial parks. We will take stringent measures to prevent soil pollution at the
source, and take stronger action to address agricultural pollution from
non-point sources. The ban on the importation of solid waste will remain in
place. Urban household waste sorting will be promoted in a well-planned way,
the use of eco-friendly express delivery packaging will be encouraged, and the
collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste will be
improved. The formulation of regulations on compensation for environmental
conservation will be put on the agenda. We will enforce a ten-year fishing ban
in the waters of the Yangtze River, and carry out major biodiversity protection
projects. We will continue to launch large-scale land greening programs and
protect and restore ecosystems. We hope that our common home will have
clearer waters and the skies above it will be bluer.

【分析】
1. We will clean up sewage outfalls into seas and rivers and black, malodorous
[mælˈoʊdərəs] water bodies in cities 整治入河入海排污口和城市黑臭水体
解释：clean up 清理 sewage outfalls into seas 入河入海排污口
outfall 排放口，入海口，河口 malodorous 恶臭的(=mal 坏+odor 气味+ous 形容
词=气味坏了=臭了)

2. Urban household waste sorting will be promoted in a well-planned way 有序

推进城镇生活垃圾分类
解释：urban household waste sorting 城镇生活垃圾分类
well-planned 详尽规划过的，精心策划的

100
3. enforce a ten-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River ['jæŋzɪ
ˈrɪvər] 落实长江十年禁渔
解释：a ten-year fishing ban 十年禁渔
waters 在这里加了 s（复数形式），是因为 water 当“水域”讲时，可数。
比如
This species is found in coastal waters around the Indian Ocean. 在环印度洋
沿岸的海域发现了这样的物种。

【Part 63】
扎实做好碳达峰、碳中和各项工作。制定 2030 年前碳排放达峰行动方案。优化
产业结构和能源结构。推动煤炭清洁高效利用，大力发展新能源，在确保安全的
前提下积极有序发展核电。扩大环境保护、节能节水等企业所得税优惠目录范围,
促进新型节能环保技术、装备和产品研发应用，培育壮大节能环保产业。加快建
设全国用能权、碳排放权交易市场，完善能源消费双控制度。实施金融支持绿色
低碳发展专项政策，设立碳减排支持工具。中国作为地球村的一员，将以实际行
动为全球应对气候变化作出应有贡献。

We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions
and carbon neutrality. We will draw up an action plan for carbon emissions to
peak by 2030. China’s industrial structure and energy mix will be improved.
While promoting the clean and efficient use of coal, we will make a major push
to develop new energy sources, and take active and well-ordered steps to
develop nuclear energy on the basis of ensuring its safe use. We will expand
the catalog of corporate income tax credits for environmental protection and
the conservation of water and energy, and promote the development and
application of new types of energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies,
equipment and products as well as the cultivation of energy-saving and
environmental protection industries. We will accelerate the development of
national markets for trading energy use rights and carbon emissions rights,
and improve the system to control both the total amount and intensity of
101
energy consumption. We will introduce special policies on providing financial
support for green and low-carbon development and devise instruments for
supporting the reduction of carbon emissions. As a member of the global
village, China will continue to take concrete action to play its part in the global
response to climate change.

【分析】
1. We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon
emissions and carbon neutrality [nuːˈtræləti] 扎实做好碳达峰、碳中和各项工作
解释：peak carbon 碳达峰，是指在某一个时点，二氧化碳的排放不再增长达到
峰值，之后逐步回落。
carbon neutrality 碳中和，是指企业、团体或个人测算在一定时间内，直接或间
接产生的温室气体排放总量，通过植树造林、节能减排等形式，抵消自身产生的
二氧化碳排放，实现二氧化碳的“零排放”

2. take active and well-ordered steps to develop nuclear energy on the basis of
ensuring its safe use 在确保安全的前提下积极有序发展核电
解释：take steps 采取步骤、措施 well-ordered 有序的
on the basis of ensuring its safe use 在确保安全的前提下

3. We will accelerate the development of national markets for trading energy

use rights and carbon emissions rights 加快建设全国用能权、碳排放权交易市
场
解释：trade energy use rights and carbon emissions right 用能权、碳排放权交
易

【Part 64】
(八)切实增进民生福祉，不断提高社会建设水平。注重解民忧、纾民困，及时回
应群众关切，持续改善人民生活。

102
8. Improving living standards and steadily advancing social development. We
will, with a focus on resolving the difficulties of our people, respond promptly to
public concerns and continue working to improve people’s lives.

【分析】
1. We will, with a focus on resolving the difficulties of our people, respond
promptly to public concerns 注重解民忧、纾民困，及时回应群众关切
解释：resolve the difficulties of our people 解民忧、纾民困
concern 担心，忧虑

【Part 65】
发展更加公平更高质量的教育。构建德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系。推动义务
教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化，加快补齐农村办学条件短板，健全教师工资保
障长效机制，改善乡村教师待遇。进一步提高学前教育入园率，完善普惠性学前
教育保障机制，支持社会力量办园。鼓励高中阶段学校多样化发展。增强职业教
育适应性，深化产教融合、校企合作，深入实施职业技能等级证书制度。办好特
殊教育、继续教育，支持和规范民办教育发展。分类建设一流大学和一流学科，
加快优化学科专业结构。加大国家通用语言文字推广力度。深化教育评价改革，
健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制。在教育公平上迈出更大步伐，更好解决进城务
工人员子女就学问题，高校招生继续加大对中西部和农村地区倾斜力度，努力让
广大学生健康快乐成长，让每个孩子都有人生出彩的机会。

We will develop more equitable and higher-quality education. We will build an

education system that ensures the well-rounded development of students in
terms of moral grounding, intellectual and physical ability, aesthetic sensibility,
and work skills. We will promote high-quality, well-balanced, and integrated
development of compulsory education in both urban and rural areas. We will
work quickly to improve the basic conditions of rural schools, refine the
long-term mechanism for ensuring salary payments to teachers, and improve
the pay packages of teachers in rural schools. We will raise the preschool
103
enrollment ratio, improve the mechanism to support public-interest pre-school
education, and support private actors in running kindergartens. We will
encourage the diversified development of senior secondary schools. We will
enhance the adaptability of vocational education, deepen industry-education
integration and school-enterprise cooperation, and implement the system of
vocational technical grade certificates. We will provide high-quality special
needs education and continuing education, and support the development of
private schools in a well-regulated way. We will develop first-rate universities
and academic disciplines on a categorized basis, and move faster to improve
the composition of disciplines and majors. Efforts to promote standard spoken
and written Chinese will be stepped up. We will further the reform of
educational assessment, and improve the mechanism of school-family-society
cooperation in educating students. We will make major strides in ensuring
equitable education. We will endeavor to provide better schooling for children
of rural migrant workers in cities, and continue to have universities and
colleges enroll more students from the central and western regions and rural
areas. We will ensure that students live healthy and happy lives and that every
child has the opportunity to fulfill their potential.

【分析】
1. We will work quickly to improve the basic conditions of rural schools 加快补
齐农村办学条件短板
解释：补齐农村办学条件短板，就是改善学校的条件

2. implement the system of vocational technical grade certificates 深入实施职

业技能等级证书制度
解释：vocational technical grade certificates 职业技能等级证书
vocational 职业的 certificate 证书

3. We will endeavor to provide better schooling for children of rural migrant

104
workers in cities 更好解决进城务工人员子女就学问题
解释：schooling 学校教育 比如 He had very little schooling. 他没上过几天学。
children of rural migrant workers in cities 进城务工人员子女

【Part 66】
推进卫生健康体系建设。持续推进健康中国行动，深入开展爱国卫生运动，深化
疾病预防控制体系改革，创新医防协同机制，健全公共卫生应急处置和物资保障
体系，建立稳定的公共卫生事业投入机制。深化公立医院综合改革，扩大国家医
学中心和区域医疗中心建设试点，加强全科医生和乡村医生队伍建设，提升县级
医疗服务能力，加快建设分级诊疗体系。坚持中西医并重，实施中医药振兴发展
重大工程。支持社会办医，促进“互联网＋医疗健康”规范发展。强化食品药品疫
苗监管。优化预约诊疗等便民措施，努力让大病、急难病患者尽早得到治疗。居
民医保和基本公共卫生服务经费人均财政补助标准分别再增加 30 元和 5 元，推
动基本医保省级统筹、门诊费用跨省直接结算。建立健全门诊共济保障机制，逐
步将门诊费用纳入统筹基金报销，完善短缺药品保供稳价机制，采取把更多慢性
病、常见病药品和高值医用耗材纳入集中带量采购等办法，进一步明显降低患者
医药负担。

We will improve the healthcare system. We will continue to advance the

Healthy China initiative and carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns. We
will deepen the reform of the system for disease prevention and control, and
develop new mechanisms for enhancing coordination between disease
prevention and control agencies and hospitals. We will improve the system for
responding to public health emergencies and providing emergency supplies,
and put in place a mechanism for ensuring stable funding for public health
institutions. We will advance the comprehensive reform of public hospitals,
expand trials on setting up national medical centers and regional medical
centers, strengthen the ranks of general practitioners and rural doctors, and
improve the capacity of medical services at the county level. The tiered
diagnosis and treatment system will be developed at a faster pace. We will
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support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and a major
project will be launched to promote the development of traditional Chinese
medicine. We will support the development of private hospitals, and promote
well-regulated growth of Internet Plus Healthcare initiatives. We will tighten
regulation and supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines. We will take steps to
make medical treatment more accessible, such as simplifying medical
appointment procedures, so as to ensure that patients with severe, acute, or
hard-to-treat diseases receive treatment as soon as possible. Government
subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban
residents will increase by an average of 30 yuan per person, and subsides for
basic public health services will increase by 5 yuan per person. We will
promote provincial-level unified management of basic medical insurance funds
and realize inter-provincial on-the-spot settlement of outpatient bills through
individual accounts for basic medical insurance. We will also develop a general
support mechanism for covering outpatient medical bills, and take gradual
steps toward reimbursing outpatient bills through unified accounts. We will
improve the mechanism for ensuring provision of medicines in short supply
and keeping their prices stable. More medicines for chronic and common
illnesses and high-priced medical consumables will be covered by bulk
government purchases. These are all steps that will lighten the burden on
patients by another considerable margin.

【分析】
1. We will support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine 坚
持中西医并重
解释：traditional Chinese medicine 中医

2. We will promote provincial-level unified management of basic medical

insurance funds and realize inter-provincial on-the-spot settlement of

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outpatient bills through individual accounts for basic medical insurance 推动基
本医保省级统筹、门诊费用跨省直接结算
解释：provincial-level 省级 unified management 统一管理
inter-provincial 省际的，省与省之间的
on-the-spot 现场，on-the-spot settlement 现场结算，直接结算
inter-provincial on-the-spot settlement of outpatient bills through individual
accounts for basic medical insurance 门诊费用跨省直接结算

3. More medicines for chronic and common illnesses and high-priced medical
consumables will be covered by bulk government purchases. 采取把更多慢性
病、常见病药品和高值医用耗材纳入集中带量采购等办法
解释：chronic and common illnesses 慢性病、常见病
high-priced medical consumables 高值医用耗材 consumable 消耗品
bulk 大量 比如 It’s cheaper to buy in bulk . 大批购买便宜些。

【Part 67】
保障好群众住房需求。坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位，稳地价、稳房
价、稳预期。解决好大城市住房突出问题，通过增加土地供应、安排专项资金、
集中建设等办法，切实增加保障性租赁住房和共有产权住房供给，规范发展长租
房市场，降低租赁住房税费负担，尽最大努力帮助新市民、青年人等缓解住房困
难。

We will strive to meet people’s housing needs. Upholding the principle that
housing is for living in, not for speculation, we will keep the prices of land and
housing as well as market expectations stable. We will address prominent
housing issues in large cities. By increasing land supply, earmarking special
funds, and carrying out concentrated development schemes, we will increase
the supply of government-subsidized rental housing and shared ownership
housing. We will ensure well-regulated development of the long-term rental
housing market, and cut taxes and fees on rental housing. We will make every
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effort to address the housing difficulties faced by our people, especially new
urban residents and young people.

【分析】
1. uphold the principle that housing is for living in, not for speculation
[ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn] 坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的
解释：uphold the principle 坚持…原则/方针
也可以说成 adhere to the principle
speculation 投机

2. We will ensure well-regulated development of the long-term rental housing

market, and cut taxes and fees on rental housing 规范发展长租房市场，降低租
赁住房税费负担
解释：well-regulated 有规则的，井然有序的
long-term rental housing market 长租房市场
cut 削减

【Part 68】
加强基本民生保障。提高退休人员基本养老金、优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准。
推进养老保险全国统筹，规范发展第三支柱养老保险。完善全国统一的社会保险
公共服务平台。加强军人军属、退役军人和其他优抚对象优待工作，健全退役军
人工作体系和保障制度。继续实施失业保险保障扩围政策。促进医养康养相结合，
稳步推进长期护理保险制度试点。发展社区养老、托幼、用餐、保洁等多样化服
务，加强配套设施建设，实施更优惠政策，让社区生活更加便利。完善传统服务
保障措施，为老年人等群体提供更周全更贴心的服务。推进智能化服务要适应老
年人需求，并做到不让智能工具给老年人日常生活造成障碍。健全帮扶残疾人、
孤儿等社会福利制度，提升残疾康复服务质量。分层分类做好社会救助，及时帮
扶受疫情灾情影响的困难群众，坚决兜住民生底线。

We will do more to meet people’s basic living needs. We will increase the basic
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pension for retirees and the subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups,
and work toward unified national management of old-age insurance funds. As
the third pillar, private pensions will develop in a well-regulated way. The
national social insurance public service platform will be improved. We will
increase the benefits for service members and their families, ex-service
members, and other entitled groups, while also refining our work systems and
support mechanisms for ex-service members. The coverage of unemployment
insurance will be further expanded. And we will promote the integration of
medical care and health care, and steadily advance trials of long-term care
insurance. We will develop diversified community services, including elderly
care, child care, dining services, and cleaning services, build more supporting
facilities, and introduce more preferential policies to make life more convenient
for community residents. We will improve traditional services, and provide
elderly people and other groups with more comprehensive and considerate
services. The rollout of smart services should also cater to elderly people, so
that smart devices do not become a barrier in their daily lives. We will refine
the social welfare systems for orphans and people with disabilities, and
provide quality rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. We will
provide social assistance of different types at different levels and ensure timely
help and support for people in difficulty due to Covid-19 or natural disasters.
We are fully determined to ensure that the basic living needs of all our people
are met.

【分析】
1. As the third pillar [ˈpɪlər] , private pensions will develop in a well-regulated
way. 推进养老保险全国统筹，规范发展第三支柱养老保险
解释：pillar 基础，支柱，pillar 的功能类似于 corner stone
私人养老金（Private Pension）是相对公共养老金（Public Pension）而言的。
公共养老金是指社保养老金或称基本养老金，它是由国家发起设立的社会养老保

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险制度，属于第一支柱养老金；
私人养老金是由第二、三支柱养老金构成的，第二支柱养老金是由雇主发起设立
的企业年金或职业年金计划；第三支柱养老金则是由个人或家庭单独投资或购买
的养老金产品。

2. We will develop diversified community services, including elderly care, child

care, dining services, and cleaning services 发展社区养老、托幼、用餐、保洁
等多样化服务
解释：diversify 使多样化 elderly care 养老 child care 托幼

3. The rollout of smart services should also cater to elderly people, so that
smart devices do not become a barrier in their daily lives.推进智能化服务要适
应老年人需求，并做到不让智能工具给老年人日常生活造成障碍
解释： rollout 推出； cater to 迎合 比如 Internet shopping caters to every
conceivable need.网上购物满足了所有可想到的需求。
barrier 障碍

【Part 69】
更好满足人民群众精神文化需求。培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，弘扬伟大抗
疫精神，推进公民道德建设。繁荣新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术、哲学社会科
学和档案等事业。加强互联网内容建设和管理，发展积极健康的网络文化。加强
文物保护利用和非物质文化遗产传承。推进城乡公共文化服务体系一体建设，创
新实施文化惠民工程，倡导全民阅读。深化中外人文交流。完善全民健身公共服
务体系。精心筹办北京冬奥会、冬残奥会。

We will better meet the intellectual and cultural needs of our people. We will
cultivate and promote the core socialist values, carry forward the great spirit
forged in the battle against Covid-19, and foster civic virtue. China’s press and
publishing, radio, film, and television, literature and art, philosophy, social
sciences, and archives will continue to flourish. More efforts will be made to
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ensure the quality of online content through improved management, and to
cultivate a positive and healthy online culture. China’s cultural and historical
artifacts will be placed under effective protection and put to good use, and our
intangible cultural heritage will be kept alive. We will promote integrated
development of urban and rural public cultural services and launch new public
cultural projects. A love of reading will be fostered among our people. China’s
cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries will be deepened.
The public service system for fitness and physical activity will be improved. We
will make meticulous preparations for the 2022 Winter Olympics and
Paralympics in Beijing.

【分析】
1. carry forward the great spirit forged in the battle against Covid-19 弘扬伟大
抗疫精神
解释：carry forward 推进，发扬
forge 努力地缔造，铸造 比如 The accident forged a close bond between the
two families. 这次事故使两个家庭之间建立了密切的联系。

2. civic virtue [ˈsɪvɪk ˈvɜːrtʃuː] 公民道德

解释：civic 公民的，市民的 virtue 美德

3. We will promote integrated development of urban and rural public cultural

services 推进城乡公共文化服务体系一体建设
解释：integrated development 一体化发展
integrate 整合，使…成整体
urban and rural public cultural services 城乡公共文化服务

4. make meticulous [məˈtɪkjələs] preparations 精心筹办

解释：meticulous 细心的，小心翼翼的 比如 Their room had been prepared with

111
meticulous care. 他们的房间是经过细心布置的。

【Part 70】
加强和创新社会治理。健全城乡社区治理和服务体系，推进市域社会治理现代化
试点。支持社会组织、人道救助、志愿服务、慈善事业发展。保障妇女、儿童、
老年人、残疾人合法权益。继续完善信访制度。启动实施“八五”普法规划。加强
应急救援力量建设，提高防灾减灾抗灾救灾能力，切实做好洪涝干旱、森林草原
火灾、地质灾害、地震等防御和气象服务。完善和落实安全生产责任制，深入开
展安全生产专项整治三年行动，坚决遏制重特大事故发生。完善社会治安防控体
系，常态化开展扫黑除恶斗争，防范打击各类犯罪，维护社会稳定和安全。

We will strengthen social governance and develop new ways to conduct it. We
will improve the governance and service systems for urban and rural
communities, and advance trials on modernizing municipal social governance.
We will support the development of social organizations, humanitarian
assistance, volunteer service, and charity. We will protect the lawful rights and
interests of women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The
system for handling public complaints will be further refined. The eighth
five-year plan for increasing public knowledge of the law will be launched. We
will strengthen our emergency rescue capacity and disaster prevention,
mitigation, response, and relief capabilities. We will make solid efforts to
protect against floods, droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological
disasters, and earthquakes, and provide quality meteorological services. We
will improve and implement the system of accountability for workplace safety,
carry out a three-year campaign to promote workplace safety, and take firm
measures to prevent serious and major accidents. We will improve the crime
prevention and control system, make efforts to combat organized crime and
root out local criminal gangs on an ongoing basis, and prevent and punish
crimes of all types to effectively safeguard social stability and public safety.

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【分析】
1. The system for handling public complaints will be further refined 继续完善信
访制度
解释：the system for handling public complaints 信访制度
refine 改进，改善
注 意 信 访， 此处 并 不 涉及 letter， 而是处 理群众 投诉 的地方 the system for
handling public complaints

2. We will make solid efforts to protect against floods, droughts, forest and
grassland fires, geological disasters, and earthquakes, and provide quality
meteorological services. 切实做好洪涝干旱、森林草原火灾、地质灾害、地震
等防御和气象服务
解释：protect against 预防 geological disasters 地质灾害 quality 作形容词，表
示优质的，高品质的
2020 年 报 告 中 也 有 类 似 表 述 We will intensify prevention efforts against
flooding, fires, and earthquakes, deliver quality meteorological services, and
enhance our capacity for emergency rescue and disaster prevention and
mitigation. 加强洪涝、火灾、地震等灾害防御，做好气象服务，提高应急救援和
防灾减灾能力。

3.make efforts to combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs on
an ongoing basis 常态化开展扫黑除恶斗争
解释：root out 根除 criminal gangs 犯罪集团
on an ongoing basis 常态化 ongoing 持续存在的，仍在进行的

【Part 71】
各位代表!
Fellow Deputies,

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面对新的任务和挑战，各级政府要增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两
个维护”，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度
一致，践行以人民为中心的发展思想，不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治
执行力，落实全面从严治党要求。加强法治政府建设。坚持政务公开。依法接受
同级人大及其常委会的监督，自觉接受人民政协的民主监督，主动接受社会和舆
论监督。强化审计监督。支持工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织更好发挥作用。深
入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神。政府工作
人员要自觉接受法律监督、监察监督和人民监督。加强廉洁政府建设，持续整治
不正之风和腐败问题。

In the face of new tasks and challenges, our governments at all levels must be
keenly aware of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture
terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party
leadership. We should stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of
socialism with Chinese characteristics; and we should uphold General
Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the
Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its
centralized, unified leadership. We will closely follow the Party Central
Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thinking, stance, and action,
practice the people-centered development philosophy, keep enhancing our
capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation, and enforce full
and strict Party self-governance. We will boost development of a government
based on the rule of law and ensure transparency in all government affairs. We
will, in compliance with the law, subject ourselves to the oversight of people’s
congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level, and
readily submit to the democratic oversight of the CPPCC, public oversight, and
oversight through public opinion, while strengthening auditing-based oversight.
We will support trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations,
women’s federations, and other people’s organizations in better playing their
roles. We will work harder to improve Party conduct, ensure clean government,
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and root out corruption, and continue to implement the central Party
leadership’s eight-point decision on conduct. We in government must readily
subject ourselves to the oversight of the law, supervisory bodies, and the
people. We will intensify efforts to build a clean government and continue to
prevent misconduct and corruption.

【分析】
1. maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership
core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership 四个意识
解释：“四个意识”是指政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识。
政治意识 political integrity
大局意识 think in big-picture terms
看齐意识 keep in alignment with the central Party leadership
核心意识 follow the leadership core

2. confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese
characteristics 四个自信
解释：“四个自信”指中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化
自信

3. uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central

Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central
Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership 两个维护
解释：“两个维护”是指坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，
坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。
uphold 支持，维护 authority 权威，权力
centralized, unified leadership 集中统一领导

4. continue to implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on

115
conduct [kənˈdʌkt] 锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神
解释：the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on conduct 中央八项
规定精神
也 可 以 说 成 the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving
work conduct
相关背景：2012 年 12 月 4 日，中共中央政治局召开会议，审议通过了中央政
治局关于改进工作作风（improving work conduct）、密切联系群众（staying
engaged with the people）的八项规定。

【Part 72】
中国经济社会发展已经取得了辉煌的成就，但全面实现现代化还有相当长的路要
走，仍要付出艰苦努力。必须立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情，着力办好自己的
事。要始终把人民放在心中最高位置，坚持实事求是，求真务实谋发展、惠民生。
要力戒形式主义、官僚主义，切忌在工作中搞“一刀切”，切实为基层松绑减负。
要居安思危，增强忧患意识，事不畏难、责不避险，有效防范化解各种风险隐患。
要调动一切可以调动的积极因素，推进改革开放，更大激发市场主体活力和社会
创造力，用发展的办法解决发展不平衡不充分问题。要担当作为，实干苦干，不
断创造人民期待的发展业绩。

Although remarkable achievements have been made in China’s economic and

social development, we still have quite a way to go and a lot of hard work to do
before we can achieve modernization in all respects. We must bear in mind the
reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and run our affairs
well. For all of us in government, the people must always be uppermost in our
minds. We must take a fact-based approach, and pursue development and
improvement in people’s lives in a realistic and pragmatic way. We must guard
against pointless formalities and bureaucratism and one-size-fits-all
approaches in our work, so as to truly lighten the burden on all those working
on the ground. We need to remain vigilant, be prepared for adversity, face
difficulties squarely, and shoulder responsibility bravely to effectively prevent
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and defuse various risks and potential dangers. We should keep everyone
motivated in advancing reform and opening up, and further energize market
entities and unlock social creativity. In the course of pursuing development, we
will take steps to address imbalances and inadequacies in development. We
must take on responsibility, work hard, and continue creating achievements to
meet the expectation of our people.

【分析】
1. We must take a fact-based approach, and pursue development and
improvement in people’s lives in a realistic and pragmatic [præɡˈmætɪk] way.
坚持实事求是，求真务实谋发展、惠民生
解释：fact-based 以事实为基础 pragmatic 实用的，讲求实效的，务实的
比如 In business, the pragmatic approach to problems is often more successful
than an idealistic one. 在商业中，实际的解决问题的方法往往比理想主义的方
法更成功。

2. We must guard against one-size-fits-all approaches 切忌在工作中搞“一刀

切”
解释：one-size-fits-all “一刀切”，通用的， 一体适用的

3. We need to remain vigilant [ˈvɪdʒɪlənt], be prepared for adversity [ədˈvɜːrsəti]

要居安思危，增强忧患意识
解释：vigilant 警觉的，警惕的 比如 A pilot must remain vigilant at all times. 飞
行员必须随时保持警惕。
adversity 困境，逆境 比如 He showed courage in adversity. 他在逆境中显示出
了勇气。

【Part 73】
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
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我们要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，全面贯彻党的民族政策，铸牢中华民族共
同体意识，促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。全面贯彻党的宗教工作基
本方针，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。全面贯彻党的侨务政策，维护海
外侨胞和归侨侨眷合法权益，更大凝聚中华儿女共创辉煌的磅礴力量。

We will continue to apply and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy,
and fully implement the Party’s policies on ethnic affairs. We will forge a strong
sense of community among the Chinese people and encourage all China’s
ethnic groups to work in concert for common prosperity and development. We
will fully implement the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, and work to
guide religions in adapting to socialist society. We will fully carry out the Party’s
policies on overseas Chinese affairs, safeguard the lawful rights and interests
of Chinese nationals residing abroad, returned overseas Chinese, and
relatives of overseas Chinese nationals residing in China. By doing so, we will
pool the tremendous strengths of all the sons and daughters of the Chinese
nation to accomplish remarkable achievements.

【分析】
1. the system of regional ethnic autonomy [ˈeθnɪk] 民族区域自治制度
解释：regional 地区的，区域的 ethnic 民族的，种族的，少数民族的
比 如 We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their
background or ethnic origin.我们不会因为背景或种族出身而区别对待我们的工
人。

2. forge a strong sense of community among the Chinese people 铸牢中华民族

共同体意识
解释：community 共同体

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【Part 74】
过去一年，国防和军队建设取得新的重大成就，人民军队在维护国家安全和疫情
防控中展示出过硬本领和优良作风。新的一年，要深入贯彻习近平强军思想，贯
彻新时代军事战略方针，坚持党对人民军队的绝对领导，严格落实军委主席负责
制，聚焦建军一百年奋斗目标，推进政治建军、改革强军、科技强军、人才强军、
依法治军。全面加强练兵备战，统筹应对各方向各领域安全风险，提高捍卫国家
主权、安全、发展利益的战略能力。优化国防科技工业布局,完善国防动员体系。
各级政府要大力支持国防和军队建设，深入开展“双拥”活动，谱写鱼水情深的时
代华章。

Last year, major success was attained in the development of national defense
and the armed forces. Our people’s forces, with complete competence and fine
conduct, safeguarded China’s national security and participated in epidemic
control. This year, we will thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thinking on
strengthening the armed forces and the military strategy for the new era,
ensure the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces, and
strictly implement the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the
chairman of the Central Military Commission. We will, bearing in mind the
goals set for the centenary of the People’s Liberation Army, continue to
enhance the political loyalty of the armed forces, strengthen them through
reform, science and technology and the training of capable personnel, and run
them in accordance with the law. We will boost military training and
preparedness across the board, make overall plans for responding to security
risks in all areas and for all situations, and enhance the military’s strategic
capacity to protect the sovereignty, security, and development interests of our
country. We will improve the layout of defense-related science, technology,
and industry, and enhance the defense mobilization system. We in government
at all levels should vigorously support the development of national defense and
the armed forces, and conduct extensive activities to promote mutual support
between the civilians and the military, so as to forge an ever closer bond
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between the people and the military in the new era.

【分析】
1. continue to enhance the political loyalty of the armed forces, strengthen
them through reform, science and technology and the training of capable
personnel, and run them in accordance with the law 推进政治建军、改革强军、
科技强军、人才强军、依法治军
解释：armed forces 军队 run 管理，经营 in accordance with the law 依法

【Part 75】
各位代表!
Fellow Deputies,

我们要继续全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的
方针，完善特别行政区同宪法和基本法实施相关的制度和机制，落实特别行政区
维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制。坚决防范和遏制外部势力干预港澳事务，
支持港澳发展经济、改善民生，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。

We will stay true to the letter and spirit of the principle of One Country, Two
Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the
people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We
will improve the relevant systems and mechanisms of the two special
administrative regions for enforcing the Constitution and the basic laws; we will
ensure the implementation of the laws and enforcement mechanisms for the
two regions to safeguard national security. We will resolutely guard against
and deter external forces’ interference in the affairs of Hong Kong and Macao.
We will support both regions as they grow their economies and improve
people’s lives, so as to maintain the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong
Kong and Macao.

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【分析】
1. We will stay true to the letter and spirit of the principle of One Country, Two
Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the
people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy 我们
要继续全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的
方针
解释：the letter and spirit 指的是“在字面意义和精神实质上，无论形式和实际”
administer 管理
一国两制，即“一个国家，两种制度”，是中国政府为实现国家和平统一而提出
的基本国策。按照邓小平的论述，“一国两制”是指在一个中国的前提下，国家
的主体坚持社会主义制度，香港、澳门、台湾保持原有的资本主义制度长期不变

【Part 76】
我们要坚持对台工作大政方针，坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，推进两岸关系
和平发展和祖国统一。高度警惕和坚决遏制“台独”分裂活动。完善保障台湾同胞
福祉和在大陆享受同等待遇的制度和政策，促进海峡两岸交流合作、融合发展，
同心共创民族复兴美好未来。

We remain committed to the major principles and policies on work related to

Taiwan, to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and to promoting
the peaceful growth of relations across the Taiwan Strait and China’s
reunification. We will remain highly vigilant against and resolutely deter any
separatist activity seeking “Taiwan Independence.” We will improve the
systems and policies for safeguarding the wellbeing of our Taiwan compatriots
and ensuring they enjoy the same treatment on China’s mainland as local
residents. We will promote exchanges, cooperation, and integrated
development across the Taiwan Strait. Together, we can shape a bright future
of rejuvenation for our great nation.

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【分析】
1. the 1992 Consensus [kənˈsensəs] “九二共识”
解释：consensus 一致的意见，共识 比如 Could we reach a consensus on this
matter? 我们能在这个问题上达成共识吗？

2. We will improve the systems and policies for safeguarding the wellbeing of
our Taiwan compatriots [kəmˈpeɪtriəts] and ensuring they enjoy the same
treatment on China’s mainland as local residents. 完善保障台湾同胞福祉和在
大陆享受同等待遇的制度和政策
解 释 ： wellbeing 幸 福 compatriot 同 胞 比 如 This writer and several of her
Russian compatriots now live in New York.本文作者和她的几个俄罗斯同胞现
在居住在纽约。

【Part 77】
我们要坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，积极发展全球伙伴关系，推动构建新型国
际关系和人类命运共同体。坚持开放合作，推动全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理
的方向发展。持续深化国际和地区合作，积极参与重大传染病防控国际合作。中
国愿同所有国家在相互尊重、平等互利基础上和平共处、共同发展，携手应对
全球性挑战，为促进世界和平与繁荣不懈努力!

China will continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace. We will

actively work to develop global partnerships and promote the building of a new
type of international relations and a human community with a shared future.
We will continue to pursue the policy of opening up and cooperation and work
to make the system of global governance fairer and more equitable. We will
continue to deepen international and regional cooperation, and actively
participate in international cooperation to prevent and control major infectious
diseases. China remains committed to pursuing peaceful coexistence and
common development with all other countries in accordance with the principle
of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit. China will join hands with them
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to meet global challenges and work tirelessly to promote world peace and
prosperity.

【分析】
1. China remains committed to pursuing peaceful coexistence and common
development with all other countries in accordance with the principle of mutual
respect, equality, and mutual benefit. 中国愿同所有国家在相互尊重、平等互利
基础上和平共处、共同发展
解 释 ： remain committed to 仍 然 致 力 于 pursue peaceful coexistence and
common development 和平共处、共同发展
coexistence 共存 mutual respect 相互尊重 mutual benefit 互利

【Part 78】
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
重任在肩，更须砥砺奋进。让我们更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中
央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思
想为指导，齐心协力，开拓进取，努力完成全年目标任务，以优异成绩庆祝中国
共产党百年华诞，为把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强
国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗！

As we shoulder heavy responsibilities, we must forge ahead with even greater

resolve. Let us rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with
Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with
Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and push forward in a
concerted effort to complete the objectives and tasks for this year and
celebrate the centenary of the Communist Party of China with outstanding
achievements. Let each and every of us keep making tireless efforts to build
China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong,
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democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful, and fulfill the
Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

【分析】
1. rally more closely around [ˈræli] 更加紧密地团结在...周围
解释：rally 召集，集合 比如 The general rallied his forces to defend the town.
将军集结部队保卫该城。
在美国总统候选人戈尔选举失败的演说中他号召大家依然要团结一致支持布什
总统，当时他用到了 close ranks：This is America. Just as we fight hard when
the stakes are high, we close ranks and come together when the contest is
done. 大家可以对比 rally around

2. celebrate the centenary of the Communist Party of China with outstanding

achievements [senˈtenəri] 以优异成绩庆祝中国共产党百年华诞
解释：centenary 一百周年纪念 with outstanding achievements 以优异成绩

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