GENETICA GENERAL

INTEC

Workshop No 4

CD: Carlos Vergara C. Esp. MSc PhD (c)

Wilson Sebastián Soto Yunes

1- Define:

-Coupling phase: es la relación física entre dos genes sintéticos, si estos se encuentran en el mismo
cromosoma del par, se encuentran en fase cis y si están en cromosomas opuestos del par, esta en fase
trans.

-Repulsion phase: los genes provenientes de diferentes padres tienden a entrar a diferentes gametos y
ser heredados de forma independiente.

-Coefficient of coincidence: es la interferencia en la formación de cruces cromosómicos durante la

meiosis. Si los cruces dobles ocurren a una frecuencia esperada, su coincidencia será de un 100%, si
estos no ocurren, la coincidencia será de un 0%.

2- For each of the following definitions, give the appropriate term and spell it correctly. Terms are
single words unless indicated otherwise.

a- A cross-shaped cytological structure that is observed in paired homologous chromosomes during

first meiotic prophase, and that is formed by the reciprocal breaking and rejoining of non sister
chromatids. Chiasmata

b- The genetic event that recombines linked genes. (Two words.) Crossing over

c- The linkage arrangement in a dihybrid in which the 2 dominant genes are on one chromosome
and their corresponding recessive alleles are on the homologous chromosome. (Two words.)
Coupling phase

d- The linkage arrangement in a dihybrid in which, on each chromosome of a homologous pair,

there is one dominant and one recessive gene. (Two words.) Repulsion phase

e- A unit of map distance equivalent to 1% crossing over. M.U.

f- The ratio of the double-crossover progeny observed in a three-point testcross relative to the
double-crossover progeny expected on the basis of treating map units as if they were independent
variables. (One to three words.) coefficient of coincidence

g- The complement of the coefficient of coincidence. Interference

h- A genetic system that can maintain dihybrid genotypes in repulsion phase generation after
generation. (Two words.) Balanced lethal

3- The map distances for six genes in the second linkage group of the silkworm Bombyx
mori are shown in the table below. Construct a genetic map that includes all of these genes.
 Re oa Y Gr S P

Re – P = 32
P – oa = 27
Y – P = 26
S – Re = 26
Gr – Re = 25
oa – S = 21
S – Y= 20
Gr - oa = 20
Gr – Y = 19
Gr – P = 7
Re – Y= 6
S–P=6
Oa – Re = 5
Gr – S = 1
Oa – Y = 1

4- In mice, the autosomal recessive mutation "whirler" (wi) of linkage group VIII, causes abnormal
behavior, with body twists and head shocks. This mutation, appeared in a strain with multiple
markers, obtaining, among other strains, whirler (wiwi) and whirler brown (wiwi, bb). To place this
mutation, a normal strain was used for whirler and brown loci and homozygous for the dominant
mutation Pintail (Pt), located in the same linkage group. Pt and wiwi, bb strains were crossed and
then the F1 was crossed again with the strain wiwi, bb, obtaining the following results:

Pt wi b 16 Pt wi + 14 Pt + + 362 Pt + b 1
+++ 6 ++b 27 + wi b 302 + wi + 0

Explain the crosses

Name the central gene and the distances among the three genes as well as the interference.

descartado

5- A heterozygous female for three autosomal loci was crossed with a homozygous recessive male
obtaining the following results:

abd 42 aBD 46
abD 6 Ab D 5
aBd 4 ABd 4
Ab d 44 ABD 39

Which genes are linked?

AB = 39 + 4 = 43
ab = 42 + 48 = 48

Ab = 44 + 5 = 49
aB = 4 + 46 = 50

BD = 46 + 39 = 86
bd = 42 + 44 = 86

Bd = 4 + 4 = 8
bD = 5 + 6 = 11

Aquí podríamos decir que los alelos Aa y Bb son independientes debido a su producto tan similar.

Los alelos ligados son D y b ya que por su gran diferencia son complementarios.

What is the distance between those linked genes?

Fenotipo Cantidad Porcentaje

Abd 44 47.3%
aBD 46
ABD 39 42.6%
abd 42
abD 6 5.26%
ABd 4
aBd 4 4.7%
AbD 5

D b A

9.96% 47.3%

6- The distances between 8 loci in the second chromosome Drosophila are presented in the
following table. Construct a genetic map to include these eight loci. The table is symmetrical above
and below the diagonal.
Net ho td fi dp cl d J

4 12.5 1
2 27 14.5
37

41

7- Why the maximum distance between two linked genes cannot be greater than 50 cM?

Esto se debe a que el surtido de genes genera un 50% de recombinación y el otro 50% son parentales.
Esto quiere decir que solamente 2 de los 4 cromosomas se recombinan, los otros 2 se mantienen
parentales.
 The following information applies to questions 9 and 10. A trihybrid testcross (order of loci
unknown) produced 35 AbC/abc, 37 aBc/abc, 8 ABc/abc, 10 abC/abc, 3 ABC/abc, 5 abc/abc, 1
Abc/abc, 1 aBC/abc.

8- The gene order (a) is CBA (b) is BAC (c) is BCA (d) cannot be determined from the information
provided (e) is none of the above.

La respuesta correcta es la A
Esto se debe a que si vemos lo siguiente:
AbC aBc = Abc aBC

CbA cBa
cBa CbA

Solamente en la forma CBA es posible que los dobles recombinantes tengan sentido con respecto a los
parentales

9- The distance (in map units) between the A and C loci is estimated to be (a) 30 (b) 25 (c) 20 (d)
15 (e) none of the above

cBa = 1
CbA = 1
CBa = 8
cbA = 10
Total = 20

= 10 + 8 + 1 + 1 /100 x100 = 20

La respuesta es la C

10. How does a genetic map differ from a physical map?

Las distancias relativas entre posiciones en un mapa genético se calculan a partir de las
frecuencias de recombinación. En el mapa físico se basan en el numero de pares de
nucleótidos entre los loci para medir la distancia.

Write the genotypes of all recombinant and nonrecombinant progeny expected from the
following three-point cross:

m+p+s+ m+p+s m+p s+ m p+s+ m+p s m+p+s m p+s m p s

mps mps mps mps mps mps mps mps

11. A three-point test cross is carried out between three linked genes. The resulting
nonrecombinant progeny are s+ r+ c+ and s r c and the double-crossover progeny are s r c
+ and s+ r+ c. Which is the middle locus?
Supuestos parentales = s+r+c+ -- s r c
Supuestos dobles recombinantes = s r c+ – s+r+c

El locus del medio es c+ y c.

s+c+r+ y su doble recombinante = s c+r

s c r y su doble recombinante = s+c r+