ENGLISH

PROJECT 4 – FIRST WEEK

TOPIC: Discoveries from Ancient Cultures
READING

Believe it or not, people that lived many years ago invented

things that are still used nowadays and have led to other
inventions.

Concrete: About 2,100 years ago, Romans created a really

hard material by mixing rocks with volcanic ash. It was even
used to build the famous Coliseum.

Earthquake Detector: The Chinese invented the first

seismograph 2,000 years ago. It was made of bronze and was
very accurate in detecting earth movements.

Paper: Around 3,000 BC, Egyptians made the first paper from
the fiber of the papyrus plant and also invented a special pen
to write on it. The quality was so good that Egyptian papyrus
remains intact.

Telescope: The Assyrians could see the stars and the sky 3,000
years ago because they created a special lens that could have
been the first telescope.

Number Zero: This number is somewhat new in human

history. Both the Mayas and the Babylonians had the idea of
zero; not as a number, but as a replacement for other
numbers. The Mayas used it to make their calendars. A Hindu
astronomer introduced the concept of zero as an independent
number.

GRAMMAR

Present Perfect

Have/ has + past participle of verb

USE: a. Actions started in the past and continuing in the present
b. Unfinished period of time
c. Unspecified period of time
d. Experiences.
Examples. Gasoline has been essential to our transportation.
Many diseases have not been eradicated yet.
Have vaccinations impacted humans health?
Past perfect

Past Perfect Had + past participle

USE: a. Actions finished before other actions in past
b. Period of time prior to the past
Before the invention of vaccines, smallpox had killed millions of people.
Scientists thought previous cultures had not immunized themselves against illnesses. Had ancient
cultures eaten meat before they discovered fire?

ACTIVITIES:

- Write in your notebook the lecture about discoveries from Ancient Cultures.
- In your notebook write the vocabulary in English and translate the words that you don´t
know.
- Discuss the following questions, write your answers on the lines below.
a. Which of the inventions is the most important in your opinion? Why?
b. Do you think you could have invented one of the items above? What does someone
need to be a good inventor?
- Pass the grammar class of present and past perfect.
- Read the following text about printing press. Choose the correct verb from the box and
conjugate it in the present perfect or the past perfect, depending on the context.
 ENGLISH
PROJECT 4 – SECOND WEEK
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
1: We use the future simple with 'will' to predict the future. It is the basic way we
talk about the future in English, and we often use it if there is no reason to use
another future tense. We can use it for future facts and for things that are less
certain.

 The sun will rise at 7am.

 I think the Conservatives will win the next election.

2: Promises / requests / refusals / offers. This is sometimes called 'volitional' will.

It's about wanting to do something or not wanting to do something in the future.

 I'll help you with your homework.

 Will you give me a hand?
 I won't go!

In a similar way, we often use 'will' when we're talking about a decision at the
moment of speaking. We are usually making an offer or promise or talking about
something that we want to do.

 A: I'm cold. B: I'll close the window.

3: We use the simple future with 'will' in the first conditional, and in other
sentences that have a conditional feeling.

 If it doesn't rain, we'll go to the park.

 Let's arrive early. That will give us time to relax.

Shall
'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I?' and 'shall we?' in British English. These
forms are used when you want to get someone's opinion, especially for offers and
suggestions.

 Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?)

 Where shall we go tonight? (= What's your opinion?)
 Be going to
1: We often use 'be going to' to talk about our future intentions and plans. We have
usually made our plans before the moment of speaking.

 A: We've run out of milk. B: I know, I'm going to buy some.

2: We can also use 'be going to' to make a prediction about the future. Often it's
possible to use both 'be going to' and 'will' but it's more common to use 'be going
to' if we can see evidence in the present.

 Look at those boys playing football! They're going to break the window.
 The sky is getting darker and darker. It's going to rain.

ACTIVITIES: PASAR LA CLASE

ESTAS ACTIVIDADES SON PARA ESTUDIANTES DE 1ERO A 3EERO DE BGU (NO PASAR ESTE ENUNCIADO AL CUADERNO)

Make the future simple positive:

1. A: “There's someone at the door.” B: “I _________________________ (get) it.”

2. Joan thinks the Conservatives _________________________ (win) the next election.
3. A: “I’m moving house tomorrow.” B: “I _________________________ (come) and help you.”
4. If she passes the exam, she _________________________ (be) very happy.
5. I _________________________ (be) there at four o'clock, I promise.

Make the future simple negative:

1. I'm afraid I _________________________ (not / be) able to come tomorrow.

2. Because of the train strike, the meeting _________________________ (not / take) place at 9
o'clock.
3. A: “Go and tidy your room.” B: “I _________________________ (not / do) it!”
4. If it rains, we _________________________ (not / go) to the beach.
5. In my opinion, she _________________________ (not / pass) the exam.

Make future simple questions:

1. ____________________ (they / come) tomorrow?

2. When ____________________ (you / get) back?
3. If you lose your job, what ____________________ (you / do)?
4. In your opinion, ____________________ (she / be) a good teacher?
5. What time ____________________ (the sun / set) today?

(ESTO ES SOLO PARA 2DO DE BGU)

WRITE ABOUT YOUR FUTURE
go to university be rich
live in London be a famous singer
get married win the lottery have children find a good
job

________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(ESTO ES SOLO PARA 3ERO DE BGU)

FUTURE SIMPLE
Frank visited the fortune teller and now we can see his future in the crystal ball.
Use the information from the crystal ball and write sentences about his future.

buy a very
expensive car

fall in love

2025 climb Mount Everest

2023 2026 join the army

2021 become a father

2027
graduate from
university

start working as a
scientist
2053
2029 get married

become a
grandfather

find a treasure map

and become rich
2042 2035
travel around the
world
2038 2036
 ENGLISH
PROJECT 4 – THIRD AND FOURTH WEEK
TAG QUESTIONS

Form
auxiliary verb + subject
1. We use the same auxiliary verb in the tag as in the main sentence. If there is
no auxiliary verb in the main sentence, we use do in the tag.
 You live in Spain, don’t you?
2. If the auxiliary verb in the sentence is affirmative, the tag is negative.
 You’re Spanish, aren’t you?
3. If the auxiliary verb in the sentence is negative, the tag is affirmative.
 You’re not Spanish, are you?

Meaning
1. We use tag questions to confirm or check information or ask for agreement.
 You want to come with me, don’t you?
 You can swim, can’t you?
 You don’t know where the boss is, do you?
 This meal is horrible, isn’t it?
 That film was fantastic, wasn’t it?
2. We use tag questions to check whether something is true.
  The meeting’s tomorrow at 9am, isn’t it?
 You won’t go without me, will you?

Additional point
1. In the present form of be: In an affirmative statement, if the subject is “I”, the
auxiliary changes to aren’t in the tag.
 I’m sitting next to you, aren’t I?
 I’m a little red, aren’t I?

ACTIVITIES: PASAR LA CLASE

- Hacer un video de dos minutos explicando sobre TAG QUESTION, enviarlo por Teams o
correo (andres.macias@educacion.gob.ec).

Envio el link del video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4nkhlyX01A&t=469s

- Resolver estos ejercicios (Hasta la oración numero 15 (cuadro amarillo) resuelven los de
1ero de BGU, los de 2do y 3ero resuelven todo)
 - De las oraciones que están arriba todos los cursos deben hacer un
collage con 10 oraciones escogidas por el estudiante mismo, las
imágenes deben ir relacionadas con la oración ya resuelta. Pegar en
una cartulina y anexarla al cuaderno de actividades (no pegar)

(ESTO ES SOLO PARA 3ERO DE BGU)