ALJABAR LINIER DAN MATRIKS

NAMA KELOMPOK :
Niswatun Hasanah Rusadi (202010370311088)
Rohid Aji Sunan (202010370311092)
Event Rifki Pratiwi (202010370311081)
Anggita Budi Lestari (202010370311087)
 2 0 3

[
1. Gunakan OBE untukmenentukan invers matriks A= 0 3 2
−2 0 −4 ]
2 0 3 1 0 0 a b c
( | )
= 0 3 2 0 1 0 d e f
−2 0 −4 0 0 1 g h i

Mengubah elemen g menjadi 0

2 0 3 1 0 0
( | )
= 0 3 2 0 1 0
0 0 −1 1 0 1
R3+R1

Mengubah elemen i menjadi angka 1

2 0 3 1 0 0
( |
= 0 3 2 0 1 0
0 0 1 −1 0 −1 ) R3
−1

Mengubah elemen c menjadi 0

2 0 0 2 0 1
( |
= 0 3 2 0 1 0
0 0 1 −1 0 −1 ) R1-3R3

Mengubah elemen f menjadi 0

2 0 0 2 0 1
( |
= 0 3 2 −1 1 −1
0 0 1 −1 0 −1 ) R2 – 2R3

Mengubah elemen e menjad 1

2 0 1

( |
2 0 0
−1
= 0 1 0 3
0 0 1
−1
1
3
0
−1
3
−1
) R2
3

Mengubah elemen a menjadi 1

1

( | )
1 0
1 0 0 2
R2
= 0 1 0 −1 1 −1
2
0 0 1 3 3 3
−1 0 −1
 1

[ ]
1 0
2
−1
= A = −1 1 −1
3 3 3
−1 0 −1
2. Gunakan matriks adjoin untuk menentukan invers matriks
1 3 1 1

[ ]
A= 2 5 2 2
1 3 8 9
1 3 2 2
−1 1
Invers Matriks = A = adj( A)
det ( A )
Metode ekspansi koofaktor
5 2 2 5 2 2

[3 2 2 ] |
A11 = 3 8 9 M11 = 3 8 9 = -4
3 2 2 |
2 2 2 2 2 2

[
1 2 2 ] |
A12 = 1 8 9 M12 = 1 8 9 = -2
1 2 2 |
2 5 2 2 5 2

[
1 3 2 ] |
A13 = 1 3 9 M13 = 1 3 9 = -7
1 3 2 |
2 5 2 2 5 2

[
1 3 2 ] |
A14 = 1 3 8 M13 = 1 3 8 = -6
1 3 2 |
Det(A) = 1(-4) + 3(2)+1(-7)+1(6)
=1

Adj(A)
5 2 2 5 2 2

[ ] | |
A11 = 3 8 9 = M11 = 3 8 9 = -4
3 2 2 3 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

[ ] | |
A12 = 1 8 9 = - M12 = 1 8 9 = 2
1 2 2 1 2 2
2 5 2 2 5 2
A13 =
[
1 3 9
1 3 2 ] | |
= M13 = 1 3 9 = -7
1 3 2
2 5 2 2 5 2

[ ] | |
A14 = 1 3 8 = - M13 = 1 3 8 = 6
1 3 2 1 3 2
 3 1 1 5 2 2

[ ] | |
A21 = 3 8 9 = - M21 = 3 8 9 = 3
3 2 2 3 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1

[ ] | |
A22 = 1 8 9 = M22 = 1 8 9 = -1
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 3 1 1 3 1

[ ] | |
A23 = 1 3 9 = - M23 = 1 3 9 = 0
1 3 2 1 3 2
1 3 1 1 3 1

[ ] | |
A24 = 1 3 8 = M24 = 1 3 8 = 0
1 3 2 1 3 2
3 1 1 3 1 1

[ ] | |
A31 = 5 2 2 = M31 = 5 2 2 = 0
3 2 2 3 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1

[ ] | |
A32 = 2 2 2 = - M32 = 2 2 2 = 0
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 3 1 1 3 1

[ ] | |
A33 = 2 5 2 = M33 = 2 5 2 = -1
1 3 2 1 3 2
3 1 1 3 1 1

[ ] | |
A34 = 5 2 2 = - M34 = 5 2 2 = 1
3 8 9 3 8 9
3 1 1 3 1 1
A41 =
[5 2 2
3 8 9 ] | |
= - M41 = 5 2 2 = -1
3 8 9
1 1 1 1 1 1
[ ] | |
A42 = 2 2 2 = M42 = 2 2 2 = 0
1 8 9 1 8 9
1 3 1 1 3 1

[ ] | |
A43 = 2 5 2 = - M43 = 2 5 2 = 8
1 3 9 1 3 2
1 3 1 1 3 1

[ ] | |
A44 = 2 5 2 = M44 = 2 5 2 = -7
1 3 8 1 3 8

T
−4 2 −7 6

([
−1 1
Invers Matriks = A =
1 0
3 −1 0

−1 0
0
0 −1 1
8 −7
])
 −4 3 0 −1
=1
[2 −1 0
−7 0 −1 8
6 0
0

1 −7
−4 3 0 −1
]
= A−1 =
2

6
[
−1 0
−7 0 −1 8
0
0

1 −7
]

3. Selesaikan SPL berikut dengan metode invers

2 x1 +5 x 2−2 x3 =6
3 x 1−x 2+ x 3=4
x 1+ 2 x 2−3 x 3=−4
2 5 −2 x 1 6
 [
3 −1 1 x 2

A X
=
1 2 −3 x 3 −4
4

B
][ ] [ ]
AX=B
X =A −1 B

 Rumus A invers :
1
A−1= adj( A)
det ( A )

 Aturan shorus
2 5 −2 2 5

[
det ( A )= 3 −1 1 3 −1
1 2 −3 1 2 ]
det ( A )=( ( 2.−1.−3 ) + ( 5.3 .1 ) + (−2.3 .2 ) )−( ( 5.3 .−3 ) + ( 2.1.2 ) + (−2.−1.1 ) )
 ¿ ( ( 6+5−12 )−(−45+ 4+2 ) )

¿ (−1 )−(−39 )
¿ 38
 Mencari adj(A)
−1 1
C 11=
2 −3[ =3−2=1 ]
3 1
C 12=
1 −3 [ =−9−1=−10]
3 −1
C 13=
1 2 [ ]
=6−(−1 )=7

[ 52 −3
C 21=
−2
]=−15−(−4)=−11
2 −2
C =[
1 −3 ]
22 =−6−(−2 ) =−4

2 5
C =[
1 2]
23 =4−5=−1

[−15 −21 ]=5−2=3

C 31=

2 −2
C =[
3 1 ]
32 =2−(−6 )=8

2 5
C =[
3 −1 ]
33 =−2−15=−17

1 −10 7 1 10 7

[ 3 8 −17 → ]
−11 −4 −1 Hasil kofaktor 11 −4 1
3 −8 −17 [ ]
1 10 7 1 11 3

[ 11 −4
3 −8 −17 → ]
1 kofaktor ke adj ( A) 10 −4 −8
7 1 −17 [ ]
 Hasil det ( A ) =38
−1 1
 A = adj ( A )
det ( A )
1 1 11 3
A−1=
38 [
10 −4 −8
7 1 −17 ]
 1 11 3

A−1=

[ ]
38
10
38
7
38

 X =A −1 B
38
−4
38
1
38
38
−8
38
−17
38

1 11 3

X=

[ ]
38
10
38
7
38
6
[
38

]
−4
38
1
38
44 −12
38
−8
38
−17
38
6
4
−4

[ ]
+¿ + ¿
38 38 38
60 −16 32
X= +¿ +¿
38 38 38
42 4 68
+¿ +¿
38 38 38
1
X= 2
3
 X 1=1
[]
X 2=2
X 3=3

4. Buat 3 contoh SPL, masing-masing memiliki tepat 1 solusi, tak berhingga solusi, dan tak
punya solusi. Gunakan cara manual (OBE/aturan crammer/invers) dan selidiki hasilnya
dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPL. Silahkan download aplikasi SPL pada Play Store!
a. SPL satu solusi
x 1−2 x2 + x 3=−5
3 x 1+ x 2−2 x 3=11
 −2 x1 + x 2 + x 3=−2
1 −2 1 x 1 −5
 [ 3 −1 2 x 2
−2 1 1 x 3
A X
= ][ ] [ ]
11
−2
B

Aturan Crammer

2 5 −2

[
Det(A) = 3 −1 1 = 6
1 2 −3 ]
−5 5 −2
|
Det(A1) = 11 −1 1 = 12
−2 2 −3 |
1 −5 −2
|
Det(A2) = 3 11 1 =18
−2 −2 −3 |
1 −2 −5
Det(A3) = 3
|
1 11 =−6
−2 1 −2 |
det ( A 1 ) 12
x1 = = =2
det ( A ) 6

det ( A 2 ) 18
x2 = = =3
det ( A ) 6

det ( A 3 ) −6
x3 = = =−1
det ( A ) 6

Solusi penyelesaian = {2, 3, -1}

 1 2 3 x1 5

[ ] [] []
b. Tak hingga solusi (menggunakan matriks invers A = 1 3 4 , X = x 2 , B = 8
1 2 3 x3 12

1 2 3 1 2

−1
[ ]
 | A|= 1 3 4 1 3 = 9+8+6-9-8-6 = 0
1 2 3 1 2
1
 A = adj ( A)
| A|

1 1 2 3
0 [ ]
= 1 3 4
1 2 3

 X = A−1 B
1 1 2 3 5
0 [ ][ ]
= 1 3 4 8
1 2 3 12
= Tak hingga
c. SPL tak punya solusi
x 1−0+ x 3=4
1 x1−1 x 2−0=−1
−x 1+ x2 −0=2
1 0 1 4

[ 1 −1 0 −1
−1 1 0 2 ]
1 0 1 4

−1 1 [
 b2 – b1 = 0 −1 −1 −5
0 2 ]
1 0 1 4

0 1 [
 b3 + b1 = 0 −1 −1 −5
1 6 ]
1 0 1 4

[
 b2(-1) = 0 1 1 5
0 1 1 6 ]
1 0 1 4

[
 b3-b2 = 0 1 1 5
0 0 0 1 ]
Terlihat bahwa ada baris nol pada matriks koefisien tetapi matriks konstanta pada
baris ke-3 sama dengan 1(tak nol) jika dkembalikan kedalam bentuk perkalian
matirks diperoleh:
1 0 1 a 4

[ ][ ] [ ]
 0 1 1 b=5
0 0 0 c 1
Dari baris ke-3 diperoleh hubungan bahwa (0)a+(0)b+(0)c = 1, tidak ada nilai a dan
b yang memenuhi kesamaan ini. Jadi SPL tersebut tidak punya solusi.