See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/345308859

Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): A Review

Article · January 2020

CITATIONS READS

0 83

2 authors, including:

Anuj Kumar Sehgal

Sharda University
16 PUBLICATIONS   20 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

DUCTILE IRON SOCIETY, INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS INDIA View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Anuj Kumar Sehgal on 04 November 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 10S, (2020), pp. 5573-5578

Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): A Review

Anuj Kumar Sehgal1 , Jagjit Singh2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University,
Chandigarh. Corresponding Author: anujsehgal2000@gmail.com

Abstract

Progression in assembling innovations, prototyping, machining and so forth are confronted with new
innovations required for developing advance materials, process enhancement, cost related
improvement with vital supportable improvement. The current survey on portrayal, applications and
procedure investigates the different added substance in fabricating (additive Manufacturing) which
forms the orderly utilization of assets in item advancement. The far reaching depiction on added
substance fabricating systems, its solicitations and requirements are attempted. The endeavor is to
analyze thought process, research & planning, procurement with costing in the process study and to
extent the new techniques best applicable in the product development industries viz. automobiles,
aviation, biomedical implants etc. through AM. The apparatus used for conducting 3-dimensional
cellular mold for structure preparations for compound geometries is suggested without expanding
general expense under AM strategies. The examination was conducted for more substance that may
be added and future extension is attempted.
Keywords: additive manufacturing, cellular moulds

1. INTRODUCTION

Contrary to the metal expulsion process, additive assembling forms are the established methods
wherein a profoundly reinforce, single layer, uniform, joint less and compound three dimensional
structure can be effectively produced from the CAD or STL file model [1]. AM assists with
building up those geometry through layer by layer assembly which are anyway unconceivable with
subtractive assembling forms [1]. One of the convincing favorable conditions of AM is its high
level business and inventive uses in practical
execution in many specializations not limited to fast prototyping, aviation, biomedical, life saving
appliances and so forth [2]. Horn and Harrysson [3] additionally gave an elaborative audit on AM
innovations and uses. The utilization of 3D printing and the fast prototyping was described as
cutting edge AM procedures to straightforwardly fabricate compound geometry by consideration
and statement of material in progressive layers.
Different applications were methodically illustrated in the exploration composition [3].

1.1.Utilizations of AM in biomedical field

The utilization of AM otherwise called fast prototyping in biomedical field achieves the
extraordinary upheaval in the field of development and with an alternative for up gradations. Javaid
and Haleem [4] additionally combine different research works completed by few scientists on
biomedical field and provided the significant explanation of the utilizations of AM. Huge quantities
of operations of AM in biomedical industry were talked about in five wide zones like Restorative
displaying, Implants of Surgical devices and fragments, careful controllers, outside controllers and
Bioproducing. A few advancements were done by different specialists in the medicinal additive
producing. Some of them incorporated in process to generate stringent 3D model with improved
comprehension of the specialist prior any implementation. AM helps with subbing human bone.
Power and precision upgrade of inserts, configuration enhancement referring to cost, weight to
quality proportion, activity timings and nature of embed, and so forth are created through AM.
Decrease in activity timings, pre careful arranging, elasticity for modification, complex inserts,
careful measuring, great surface properties, and so forth can be accomplished while demonstrating
utilizing AM advancements. The best part with the audit original copy introduced by Javaid
furthermore, Haleem [4] they have built up a sequentially organized table of utilizations of AM in

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5573

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 10S, (2020), pp. 5573-5578

therapeutic cases. It likewise exhibits the procedure sequence advancement in medicinal utilization
of added substance producing as appeared in Fig. 1. Mahmoud and Elbestawi [5] additionally built
up an audit of use of AM being developed and examination of Frame Structures and applicable
evaluated materials on orthopedic inserts. The creators assessed the inserts innovation all together to
build up a state on a workmanship survey on mechanical and natural qualities of biomedical inserts.
While investigating, the creator additionally represented that the inserts created utilizing 3D
demonstrating application produces precision up to 200 mm. The progression astute precise
schematic graph that grandstands the AM procedure in production of restorative part is appeared in
Fig. 2 [6]. Hamdaoui et al. [7] delineated the philosophy recognized with creation of vascular tissue
utilizing 3D printing innovation and added substance fabricating strategies. Constant improvement in
AM strategies and biomedical stratagems assists with making vascular tissue designing that involves
different cells fixed inside determining the extracellular framework components. The exploration
feature using 3-D imprinting for arranging tissues as advancement to the existing challenges in the
field managing correction of deformities (bones or muscles).

1.2.Application of AM in constructions Other important use of AM is seen in many developments.

Sidetracking the uses of development process to mechanization frequently prompts huge lifesaving
innovation. AM assists with demonstrating and convey full scale segments identified with design and
building advancement, for example, blocks, dividers and veneers. The principle focal point of Lim et
al. [8], were on the solid production while at the same time characterizing the utilization of AM in
developing the linked applications. Likewise the author centers on the similar examination between
the current customary strategy and added substance producing CAD displaying and planning. There
are a few assembling strategies related straightforwardly furthermore, in a roundabout way with
added substance fabricating procedures, for example, winding development producing, cross breed
producing and so forth [9]. A few parts and configuration are exclusively planned utilizing AM
innovation.

Figure1. Flowchart of the components of AM technique

Ystruder [10] submitted a novel plunger siphon configuration utilized for process mounting and
middle of the road glue extruder in a 3D printer prompting with controls in Laser-Based AMP to suit
the need of creating different fragments of compound structures. The utilization of AM assists with
productive, economical (cost with material of the parts created) thus reduces wastage. Managing
portrayal of different segments and materials related with added substance producing process, Schiek
et al. [11]. UAM employments layer of slender metal tapes to frame net formed items. Recent
portrayals were performed considering physical, mechanical and morphological applications.

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5574

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 10S, (2020), pp. 5573-5578

Outcomes along these lines acquired uncovered that, throughout the ductile and shear testing the
weld face quality was obtained to be 15 percent in terms of mass foil and half of the mass shear
quality individually. The morphological portrayal result with 34% unbounded with the readied test
conducted.

1.3. Application of Additive Manufacturing in complex and computational designing

Boivie, K et al. [12] additionally featured the reconciliation of added substance producing for
complex planning. The utilization of AM has close to nothing sway on the expense w.r.t
unpredictability of the item to be structured and produce. The creator delineates the plan of both AM
and subtractive assembling strategies to characterize a cross breed fabricating method. A few distinct
wordings, working philosophy like device embed alongside equal cooling, challenges of crossover
cell, work process with trim as well, apparatus limitations, control framework, kinds of materials
utilized in AM process and so forth are intricately discussed. Ouyang, J. H et al. [13] in mid 20’s
likewise considered the laser based addition of substance in production and in the improvement of
cutting and machining devices. The instruments in this way created were utilized in erosion mix
welding. Two unique kinds of devices were built up by FSW instruments. (1) Pure H-13 apparatus
and (2) WC-based ceramet/device. H-13c was utilized in welding materials with low liquefying
focuses (eg. Aluminum) though WC-based ceramet/apparatus is utilized for materials high
liquefying point, for example, metal lattice composite materials. Aggarangsi, P et al. [14] portrays
the middle of the road and transient changes in dissolve pool size that happened in the assembling
procedure utilizing laser based added substance producing strategies. A few relative varieties
between dissolve pool size w.r.t temperatures, speed, and time and so on are dissected also, plotted
by the scientist. Williams, C. B. et al. [15] gave the arrangement of plan opportunity in cell material
assembling forms using laser based AM framework. The compelling answer for complex planning
mesostructure with low thickness and high quality were handily created utilizing AM as proposed.
Fig. 3 shows the arrangement and depiction of speculative, ordered and designed cell material meso-
structured. The author intended the precise schematic portrayal of linear cellular (LSA) alloy
manufacturing process as appeared in Fig. 4.

1.4. Application of Additive Manufacturing in non-conventional manufacturing area

The deep drawing on the laser based AM is drawn in solitary research papers [15]. Author affirmed
and sequentially elaborated the additive manufacturing functions divided into storing of materials,
patterns, energy requirement, provision of new material and support available. Soften pool size
control in laser based AM strategies were too unrevealed by Bimbaum, et al. with 2 distinct methods
[16]. Issues related with procedure and because of step change were analyzed and amended. A few
non-customary assembling forms like laser bar, particle release sintering, 3D printing and so forth
should be possible utilizing quick prototyping strategies.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of AM process for biomedical parts (16)

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5575

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 10S, (2020), pp. 5573-5578

The leftover stresses created in AM were settled by heating methods [17]. The method includes the
two different approaches for heating. The first one followed electron shaft procedure furthermore,
second with laser bar based heating method to diminish lingering worries within AM process. As of
now talked about above about the use of AM in biomedical industries, Cruz, F (2010) manufactured
the bone tissue of PLLA composite utilizing AM innovation. The quality so acquired was equivalent
with the quality of common bone [18].

Figure3. Classification of Low Density cellular Material mesostructure (15)

PA12 Plastic substantial was used for laser sintering. Warming investigation also, softens consistency
portrayals was done and researched [19]. The best part with AM innovation is its cost sections
multifaceted nature relationship.
The dimension range and tremendous materialistic uses in AM assists with legitimizing fate of
advance substantial
innovations with AM

1.5.Characterization and application of Additive Manufacturing along with composites

Kuehnlein, F et al. [19] chipped away at the powdered based AM systems and outlined the
mechanical properties and the debasement conduct identified with materials created utilizing AM.
One of the progressive investigation identified with utilizations of added substance producing
methods were portrayed by Lipson, H [20].

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of linear cellular alloy manufacturing technique (15)

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5576

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 10S, (2020), pp. 5573-5578

The creator supported and exhibited AMs application in a few fields like computerized 3D printing,
quick prototyping, multifaceted nature with the expectation of complimentary innovation,
personalization of assembling, forming in inner structures of materials, creation of bio printing to
nourishment printing (uniquely molded prostheses, custom inserts, bio printing, drug screening
models, surgical preparing, careful arranging, custom medicine, nourishment printing and so on. A
few biomedical uses creating apparatuses and gadgets utilizing compound materials for careful work
of hips, knees inserts utilizes AM method [21-24]. These apparatuses are cost convincing and
effectively flexible [25-26].

CONCLUSIONS

The investigation of added substance producing at long last uncovers that AM is a fate of substantial
and assembling skill. The utilizations of AM are much advocated in biomedical, structural plan and
creation, part advancements utilizing combined materials, intricate structuring and advancement,
high quality uses, aviation uses, vehicle accessories uses etc. The examination of AM over
subtractive assembling appears increasing distinction in regard to price, size, techniques and hover
time of any confounding framework. Added substance fabricating procedures, as a progressive
application has huge future extension and in this manner the social and ecological streamlining with
increment in development that can be effortlessly supported by the adjustment of AM in all
assembling uses. The surveys energetically prescribe the utilization of AM over SM as far as
practical fabricating.

REFERENCES

[1] N. Guo, M.C. Leu, Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and

research needs, Front. Mech. Eng. 8 (3) (2013) 215–243.
[2] E. Huotilainen et al., Imaging requirements for medical applications of
additive manufacturing, Actaradiol. 55
(1) (2014) 78–85.
[3] T.J. Horn, O.L.A. Harrysson, Overview of current additive manufacturing
technologies and selected applications, Sci. Prog. 95 (3) (2012) 255–282.
[4] M. Javaid, A. Haleem, Additive manufacturing applications in medical
cases: a literature based review, Alexandria J. Med. 54 (4) (2018) 411– 422.
[5] D. Mahmoud, M. Elbestawi, Lattice structures and functionally graded materials applications
in additive manufacturing of orthopedic implants: a review, J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 1 (2)
(2017)13.
[6] S. Singh, S. Ramakrishna, Biomedical applications of additive manufacturing: Present and
future, Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng. 2 (2017) 105–115.
[7] H. Hamdaoui, Z. Xu, S. Ali Qalati, T. Kenne Boris Joel, The fabrication of vascular tissue,
3D printing and additive manufacturing, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Investig. 8 (91) (2019) 91.
[8] S. Lim, R.A. Buswell, T.T. Le, S.A.
Austin, A.G.F. Gibb, T. Thorpe, Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing
processes, Autom. Constr. 21 (1) (2012) 262–268.
[9] C. B. Williams, F. Mistree, and D. W. Rosen, ‘‘Towards the design of a layerbased additive
manufacturing process for the realization of metal parts of designed mesostructure,” 16th
Solid Free. Fabr. Symp. SFF 2005, pp. 217– 230, 2005.
[10] A. Birnbaum, P. Aggarangsi, and J.
Beuth, ‘‘Process Scaling and Transient Melt Pool Size Control in Laser-Based Additive
Manufacturing Processes,” Proc. 14th Solid Free. Fabr. Symp., pp. 328–339, 2003.
[11] D.E. Schick et al., Microstructural characterization of bonding interfaces in aluminum 3003
blocks fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing, Weld. J. (Miami, Fla) 89 (5) (2010).
[12] Boivie, K., Dolinsek, S., &Homar, D.
(2011, September). Hybrid manufacturing: integration of additive technologies for
competitive production of complex tools and products. In Proceedings of the International

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5577

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advance Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 10S, (2020), pp. 5573-5578

Research/Expert Conference:” Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated

Technology” TMT.
[13] Ouyang, J. H., Mei, H., Valant, M., &Kovacevic, R. (2002, August). Application of laser-
based additive manufacturing to production of tools for friction stir welding. In SFF
symposium. Texas. USA.
[14] Aggarangsi, P., Beuth, J. L., & Gill, D. D. (2004, August). Transient changes in melt pool
size in laser additive manufacturing processes. In Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings,
University of Texas, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, Aug (pp. 2-4).
[15] Williams, C. B., Mistree, F., & Rosen, D. W. (2005). Towards the Design of a layer-based
additive manufacturing process for the realization of metal parts of designed meso-structure.
In 16th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (pp. 217-230).
[16] Birnbaum, A., Aggarangsi, P., &Beuth, J. (2003, August). Process scaling and transient melt
pool size control in laserbased additive manufacturing processes.
In Solid Freeform Fabrication
Proceedings (pp. 328-339). Proc. 2003 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin
[17] Aggarangsi, P., &Beuth, J. L. (2006, August). Localized preheating approaches for
reducing residual stress in additive manufacturing. In Proc. SFF Symp., Austin (pp. 709-
720).
[18] F. Cruz, Fabrication of HA/PLLA composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
using additive manufacturing technologies,
Biopolymers 11 (2010) 227–242.
[19] Kuehnlein, F., Drummer, D., Rietzel, D., &Seefried, A. (2010). Degradation
Behavior and Material Properties of PA 12 Plastic Powders Processed by Powder Based
Additive Manufacturing
Technologies.
[20] H. Lipson, The shape of things to come: frontiers in additive
manufacturing, Front. Eng. (2011) 33–43.
[21] S. Nahataa, O.B. Ozdoganlara, Feasibility of metal additive manufacturing for fabricating
custom surgical instrumentation for hip and knee implants, Procedia Manuf. 34 (2019) 772–
779.
[22] P. Ramkumar, S.J. Vijay, S. Mohanasundaram, Novel solid- state metal additive
manufacturing technique: experiments and investigations, Inter. J. Mech. Eng. Technol. 10
(2) (2019) 809– 816.
[23] . K. Bhullar, L. Pawar, R. Bajaj, and A. K. Manocha, “Intelligent stress calculation and
scheduling in segmented processor systems using buddy approach,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol.
32, no. 4, pp. 3129–3142, 2017.
[24] K. K. Sharma and I. Kaur, “Implementation of genetic algorithm for optimization of network
route,” Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput., vol. 381, pp. 7–14, 2016.
[25] P. Kaur, R. S. Boparai, and D. Singh, “Hybrid text classification method for fake news
detection,” Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2388–2392, 2019.
[26] P. Thakur and P. Singh, “Resource reservation and sharing techniques in cellular network,”
J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. Specialissue5, pp. 7024–7027, 2017.

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5578

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC

View publication stats