THE SIX INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

Assessment:
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. What do you mean by identifying and controlling variables?

- Controlled variables refer to variables or contributing factors that are fixed or eliminated in order to
clearly identify the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

2. Why is it important to do?

- It is important to identify the variables in a scientific investigation and to be able to control those
variables. Otherwise, it may be impossible to yield reliable results and to draw valid conclusions. This
unit will help students distinguish among independent, dependent, and controlled variables.

3. The steps in identifying and controlling variables include:

a. identifying and controlling variables involved
b. selecting one to investigate
c. devising ways to investigate it; and
d. keeping all other variables, independent and dependent variables.

Answer this!
• How can make a hypothesis?

Ask a question.

Gather preliminary research.

Formulate an answer.

Write a hypothesis.

Refine your hypothesis.

Create a null hypothesis.

• Formulate and test a hypothesis about the relationship between intensity of exercise and heart rate.
Include how to make a tablet of recording results.
Your heart rate offers a more objective look at exercise intensity. In general, the higher your heart
rate during physical activity, the higher the exercise intensity. If a person increases his or her activity
level, then their heart rate will increase due to the body's cells increased need for oxygen.

• How similar or different is formulating a hypothesis to predicting?

Hypothesis and prediction are both a type of guess. That's why many people get the two confused.
However, the hypothesis is an educated, testable guess in science. A prediction uses observable
phenomena to make a future projection.

• Create a generic table for recording results for testing a hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis H0: μ= 191 (no change)

Research Hypothesis H1: μ> 191 (investigator's belief)

Make an operational definition for the following situation.

1. While driving a car in the highway, you noticed a speed limit sign that says minimum of 60kph and
maximum of 100 kph for cars. You car speed detector has a red light on that means you are driving too
fast. What is the operational definition of “FAST” here?

• Moving or able to move rapidly.

• The amount of time that overlap the speed limit of 100kph.

2. You tell your students to wash their hands until they are clean. What do you mean by “clean”?

• The removal of dirt or germs.

3. You plan to water your plants in your classroom so they will stay healthy. What is your operational
definition of “healthy”?

• The absence of disease or infirmity.

4. You tell your students to talk quietly . What do you mean by “quiet”?

• Without making noise.

• Without attracting attention.

• State of being calm.

5. You have an experiment involving the use of hot, lukewarm and cold water. What are your
operational definitions of “HOT” ,’ lukewarm” and “cold” water?

• The independent variables.

Process question:
Why is it important to make operational definitions before the start of the experiment?

- We can understand how generalizable the findings are and more be specific.