Humanities - first applied to the writings of
ancient Latin authors which were read not only for
their clarity of language and forceful literary style,
but also, and more specially, for their moral
teaching.
- refers to the arts- the visual arts such as
architecture; painting and sculpture;
music; dance; the theater or drama; and
literature. They are the branches of
learning concerned with human being and
his feelings and how he expresses those
feelings have always been the concern of
the humanities. (Sanchez 2001)
Medieval age:
 humanities dealt with the metaphysics of
the religion philosopher. The goal was the
cultivation of the spiritual life and the
preparation for the hereafter.
Renaissance:
 the word came to refer to the set of
disciplines taught in the universities,
which included grammar, rhetoric, history,
literature, music, philosophy, and
theology- a body of knowledge aimed to
make man “human, cultured, and refined.
Present:
 humanities serve to provide the student
with certain skills and values through arts.
HUMANITIES vs. SCIENCES:
Sciences – deal with the external world of man, as
well as with the facets of man’s being that can be
subjected to observation, measurement, and
experimentation.
- enable man to understand and control
nature and to harness its energy to make
his life more comfortable and convenient.
Humanities - deal with man’s internal world-with
his personality and experiences, matters that
cannot be exactly measured, classified, or
controlled.
- humanities’ approach is subjective; it
makes much use of perception, feeling,
intuition, and insight.
- focus of the humanities is on man as an
individual, while in the social sciences the
main interest is on types and groups of
human beings, and on the institutions and
processes of society.
 Both the sciences and the humanities are
necessary for the development of the
complete, social man, ready to take on his
responsibilities in this rapidly changing
world and to enjoy life as he lives it.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTS:
Art:
- derived from the Latin word “ars”,
meaning ability or skill.
- Art is from an Italian “artis” defined as a
human or skill.
- “The conscious use of skill and creative
imagination especially in the production of
aesthetics objects. (Webster’s New
Collegiate Dictionary)
WRITERS AND PHILOSOPHERS’
DEFINITION OF ART:
Leo Tolstoy (Russian novelist)
 “Art is not, as the metaphysicians say, the
manifestation of some mysterious idea of
beauty of God: it is not, as the aesthetical
physiologists say, a game in which man
lets off his excess of stored-up energy; it is
not the expression of man’s emotions by
external signs; it is not the production of
pleasing objects, above all, it is not
pleasure; but it is a means of unions
among men, joining them together in the
same feelings, and indispensable for the
life and progress toward well-being of
individuals and humanity.”
Henry Miller (American writer)
 “Art teaches nothing, except the
significance of life.”
Aristotle (Greek philosopher)
 “Art is higher type of knowledge than
experience.”
Jean Anouilh (French dramatist)
  “The object of art is to give life a shape.”
Jean Couteau (French poet and playwright
 “Art is science in the flesh.”
James Adams (Historian)
 “All art is social,” because it is the result
of a relationship between an artist and his
time.”
Oscar Wilde (Irish poet and playwright)
 “Art is the most intense mode of
individualism that the world has known.”
Frank Lloyd Wright (American architect,
interior designer, writer, and educator)
 “Art is a discovery and development of
elementary principles of nature into
beautiful forms suitable for human use.”
Assumptions About Art:
1. . Art is everywhere.
2. Art is not nature.
- Art is not nature because art is man-made.
It is the creature of man that may reflect a
profound skillfulness and craftsmanship.
Art can never be natural because nature is
evanescent, in constant transformation of
change, and yet art is permanent.
3. Art is imitating and creating.
- Creation in art is the act of combining or
re-ordering already existing materials so
that new objects will be formed. An artist
only copies the things in nature he believes
would express his thought and feelings.
4. Art perfects nature.
- Artists only enhance things they like and
eliminate the undesirable elements in
nature to convey their message of beauty
and love.
5. Art is universal.
- It transcends cultures, races, and
civilization. As long as human beings
exist, art is feasible, alive, and dynamic.
6. Art is timeless.
- Art is timeless because it goes beyond the
time of our existence. It is present in every
corner of the world to serve basic needs of
mankind, from ancient time to modern
world.
- Continually evolves.
UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED IDEAS ABOUT
ART:
1. Art as Expression and Communication
- The personal and social values of the artist
and his penetrating psychological insight
into human reality are also conveyed
through arts. The artist uses symbols
which he organizes into some
comprehensible equivalent of the
experience that he is trying to convey. If
the symbols are understood by his
audience, then communication has been
established.
2. Art and Experience
a. It starts as an experience which
the artist wants to
communicate.
b. The act of expressing this
experience –that of creating
that art object or form.
c. When the work is done, there is
the artist’s gratifying
experience of having
accomplished something
significant.
3. Art and Beauty
- gives us pleasure when we perceive it
 aesthetic pleasure - delight that we
experience.
 Beauty - refers to an interaction between
line, color, texture, sound, shape, motion,
and size that is pleasing to the senses.
Note: Beauty is not the artist’s ultimate goal. Art
is often intended to appeal to and connect with
human emotion. Artists may express something so
their audience is stimulated in some way-creating
feelings, religious faith, curiosity, interest,
identification with a group, thoughts, or creativity.
CLASSIFYING ARTS:
Webster (1987)
- involve man’s skills to create works of art
that are in form, content, and execution,
aesthetically pleasing and meaning as in
music, painting, architecture, and
sculpture. They are called major arts
because they appeal to the senses of sight,
 hearing, and feeling. They are more
notable and conspicuous in effect.
Styling- aesthetic factor in the minor arts
- addressed primarily to the sense of sight
and their usefulness.
- inferior in degree, especially in the extent
of aesthetic quality.
Manaois:
2 General Dimension of art:
1. Fine arts (independent arts) - made
principally for aesthetic enjoyment
through the senses, especially visual
and auditory such as painting,
sculpture, architecture, literature,
theater, performing arts.
2. Practical arts (utilitarian arts) - for
practical use or the development of
raw materials for functional purposes
such as industrial art, civic art,
commercial art, graphic art,
agricultural and fishery art.
Estolas (1995)
1. Visual Arts – graphic arts or plastic arts.
 Graphic arts - flat two-
dimensional surface such as
painting industry. It covers
the commercial arts like the
design of books,
advertisements, signs,
posters and other displays
for advertisements.
 Plastic arts – three-
dimensional forms, such as
architectural designs and
construction of buildings
and other structures;
landscape of gardens, parks,
playgrounds, and golf
courses with plants, trees,
vines and ground cover.
2. Performing Arts - involve movement,
speaking and gestures, such as theater,
play, dance, and music.
3. Literary Arts - short stories, novels,
poetry and dramas
4. Popular Arts - characterized as gay and
lively, such as film, newspaper, magazine,
radio and television.
5. Gustatory Art of the Cuisine - skills in
food preparation.
6. Decorative Arts (applied arts) - visual
objects produced for beautifying houses,
offices, cars and other structures.
Sanchez, Abad, and Jao (2001)
1. Visual arts
2. Literature arts - drama, essay, prose
fiction, poetry, and miscellaneous (history,
biography, journals, diaries, and other
works not formally classed as literature).
3. Music - vocal music; instrumental music;
music combined with other music like
opera, operetta and musical comedy,
oratorio and cantata; and other forms like
ballet music and background music for
motion pictures.
4. Drama and Theater - tragedy,
melodrama, comedy, miscellaneous.
5. Dance - e ethnologic, social or ballroom
dances, ballet, modern, musical comedy.
Barrios (2012)
-classified arts according to purpose and media &
forms.
1. Purpose:
a. Practical (useful arts) - are those
human activities directed to produce artifacts,
tools and utensils used in doing households and
everyday chores. (basket weaving)
b. Liberal Arts - intellectual reasoning.
c. Fine Arts - human creative activity as
they express beauty in different ways and media
for the satisfaction and relaxation of man’s mind
and spirit. (painting, sculpture, architecture)
d. Major arts - actual and potential
expressiveness and by a purely disinterested
purpose. (music, poetry, sculpture)
e. Minor arts - works connected with
practical uses and purposes. (interior decoration,
porcelain)
2. Media & Forms:
 a. Plastic arts - developed through space  Bring order, chaos,
and perceived by the sense of sight. (painting, therapeutic.
sculpture, architecture)
2. Social Function (Ortiz 1976)
b. Phonetic arts - sounds and words as
a. Influence the collective behavior of
media of expression. (music, drama, literature)
a people.
c. Kinetic arts - use of the rhythmic b. Used primarily in public situations.
movement as the elements of expression. (dance) c. Social or collective aspects of
existence as opposed to individual
d. Pure arts - one medium of expression.
and personal kinds of experiences.
(sound in music, color in painting)
Influencing Social Behavior:
e. Mixed arts – used of two or more
media. (The opera (which is a combination of a. Pictorial form is very powerful means of
music, poetry, and drama)) putting across a message.
b. Paintings, photographs, posters, cartoons
FUNCTIONS OF ARTS:
have been used to express humanitarian
Arts function (Frederick A. Horowitz): concern as well as ideological or political
comment.
1. An agent of magic (to ensure a successful
c. Satire - to ridicule for change can be seen
hunt, perpetuate the soul after death,
in cartoons and caricatures.
triumph over an enemy, cure diseases, etc.)
d. Editorial cartoon – covey message
2. An aid to meditation
directly and clearly than printed words.
3. An agent to ritual
 Cartoonist - comment on the
4. A record of events, objects, situations
foibles(weaknesses) of society and
5. A substitute for real thing, or a symbol
leaders.
6. A souvenir
e. Literature - for political and ideological
7. Propaganda to impress, persuade or
expression.
change thinking or behavior
- tool in shaping society and its
8. Communication of stories, ideas, events
manners.
9. An agent of social control
 Urbana at Felisa (Modesto de
10. Amusement or entertainment
Castro)
11. A mean of moral improvement
- epistolary novel of the 19th
12. education
century, became the
13. A means of self-expression
Filipino code of ethics of
14. Self-revelation
the time, guiding the youth
15. Release of emotions
on how to conduct
16. Exploration of vision
themselves in church, in
17. A reflection and interpretation of life
social gatherings, in school,
18. An expression of beauty
and at home.
19. Decoration or embellishment
f. Propaganda literature - s swayed
20. Monetary investment
people’s minds and feelings toward certain
21. Status symbol
ends.
Esaak (2019): g. Religion - to spread beliefs and reinforce
and sustain faith.
3 Categories:
- Enlightening
1. Personal Function h. Advertising art - buying behavior
(posters, billboards etc.)
- Subjective
- Self-expression or gratification Display and Celebration:
- Communication of POV a. Commemoration of important personages
in society serves to record important
 historical events, or reveals the ideals of
heroism and leadership that the community
would want the young to emulate.
b. Rituals - important role in people’s lives
and have influenced the growth of certain
arts as well.
c. Public Celebrations - unite people in a
shared experience.
Social Descriptions:
a. Art works are vital historical documents.
b. People’s thought, felt, and lives in a
certain historical period.
c. Age when man first regarded himself as
the measure of all things. (Greece plays,
temples, sculpture etc.)
3. Physical Function
- tools or containers.
Ex:
1. spoon- tool
2. car- tool
3. building- container
SUMMARY:
HUMANITIES
The word HUMANITIES comes from the
Latin word “HUMANUS” which means human
cultured and refined.
To be human you have to show qualities
like rationality, kindness, tenderness etc.
The term Humanities refers to:
ARTS
 Such as Architecture, Painting, Music,
Sculpture, Dance, Drama, Theater and
Literature etc.
 They are branches of learning concerned
with human THOUGHTS, FEELINGS,
and RELATIONS. On how they are going
to express those feelings have always been
a concern of humanities.
HUMANITIES
 Interprets answers to life as they emerge
from products of human experience (are
Religion, Art, Music, Poetry etc.)
 Are those Academic Disciplines that study
the expressions of human beings, that
explore & reveal what it means to be
human.
- These are Philosophy,
Language, Social Science,
History, Literature and ART.
(that helps people see and
understand what it means to be
human)
 A way of thinking about and responding to
the world.
 About human beings, their culture and
their intellectual achievements
 It helps us to connect with the community
through Art
ROLE OF HUMANITIES
1. Providing greater insight to the world
2. Helping to a better understanding with the
past and future
3. It is our responsibility to prepare the
leaders of tomorrow, and to elevate,
protect the Heritage of the Human
Experience.
DIFFERENT AND SIMILARITIES OF THE
HUMANITIES AND THE SCIENCES
Science deal with the external world of a man.
Enable man to understand
o It is system of acquiring knowledge
o It is objective – an analysis and fact
base
 Both refers to understand the world around
us
HUMANITIES AND ART:
ART
 the word Art comes from the ancient Latin
word “ARS” which means a craft or
specialized form of skills.
 it was an important means of
communication, and a critical way to
record important events.
  the window to our soul (it can be an Example – Parol/Christmas Décor
inspiration) out of plastic from
Sprite/Coke/Royal
ART is everywhere. All that we see is an art. 4. Decorative Arts – refers to functional (but
When we look around, we see a lot of things that Ornamental) art forms like jewelries,
are related to art and it is very important in our ceramics
lives. It expresses knowledge, feelings, emotions, 5. Performance Arts – refers to Evident
etc. Theater Ballets, Operas, plays are all part
of the classification
Example: 6. Applied Arts – are intended for the use of
Paintings – what do you think is the mood, idea or a career., involve a person adding design
message conveyed in the picture? What did you elements to functional objects
appreciate about the artwork and why? Example – Computer Art, Interior
Design, Architecture, Graphic Design and
Every piece of Art, Music, Thoughts were write Fashion Design
down continues to move through the time. Today
technology is an added source of art. Ideas are EXAMPLE OF ARTWORKS
created on computers, digital designs and so on. - Painting, Dance, Weaving,
Sculpting, Pottery, Music,
IMPORTANCE OF ART Poetry etc.
1. Driven our existence
2. Satisfies the needs for personal expression Artworks have different classification, function
3. Develop our skills to express ourselves and purpose.
4. Challenge us to see things differently Function – is something does or
5. It can change our ways in life is used for
6. It gives pleasure and satisfaction Purpose – the object to be
7. It express beauty reached
8. It gives man moment of relaxation – a target
9. It serves us a channel of man’s passion – an aim
10. Arts reformed man

MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF ART

1. Fine Arts – people use different MEDIA
to create these arts, that includes drawing,
painting, sculpturing, calligraphy, by using
pastel, charcoal, coffee etc.
2. Visual Arts – these types stand in their
own. It includes disciplines like
a. Photography
b. Videography – a goal
c. Environmental Art UNIT II: Exploring the methods of presenting
d. Animation the Art Subject:
New Media Methods:
a. Digital Art
b. Contemporary 1.)    Realism the attempt to portray the subject as
it is. The Artist selects, changes, and arranges
c. Collages
details to express the idea he wants to make it
d. Conceptual Installation
clear. The Artist main function is to describe
3. Plastic Arts – how objects can be molded accurately what is observed through the senses.
like clay, stone, wood, paper, plaster,
metals 2.)    Abstract means to move away or separate
Abstract that moves away from showing things as
they really are. The Art work is not REALISTIC.
 a.)    Distortion e. Day of the dead - Mexican holiday with a
b.)    Elongation vibrant artistic tradition.
f. Landscape, seascape, and cityscape
c.)     Mangling g. Animals
d.)    Cubism: h. Human Figures
i. Everyday Life
·         Analytical Cubism
j. History & Legends
·         Cubism k. Religion and Myth
·         Abstract Expressionism l. Dreams and Fantasies
3.)    Symbolism is a presentation of an invisible
2 MAJOR AWARDS IN PH:
sign such as ideas or quality into something
visible. 1. Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng
Sining (National Folk Artist/Order of
4.)    Fauvism themes are ethical, philosophical or National Artists )
psychological. Subjects express comfort, joy or - GAMABA, practitioners of
happiness. 
traditional arts who mostly
5.)    Expressionism refers to art in which the come from the indigenous
image of reality is distorted in order to make it cultural communities.
expressive of the Artist’s inner feelings or ideas. - honor and support traditional
6.)    Dadaism protest movement formed in 1916 folk artists and to see to it that
by a group of Artist in Zurich Switzerland. They their skills and crafts are
try to provoke the public with the outrageous preserve. 
forms of Art. It came from the French word - Oversees by National
“Dada” which means “hobby horse”. Commission for the Culture
7.)    Surrealism founded in Paris in 1924 by and the Arts through Gawad sa
French poet Andre Briton. It tries to reveal a new Manlilikha ng Bayan
and higher reality than that of daily life. They Committee.
claim to create a magical world, more beautiful -  Formalized in 1992, through
than the real one through Art. It came from the Republic Art No. 7355, the
slang of super realism. Manlilikha ng Bayan Act. 
8.)    Futurism aims to capture the speed and -  In 2014, the Senate of the
force of modern industrial society and to glorify Philippines adopted Senate
the mechanical energy of modern life. Resolution No. (SRN) 765
9.)    Impressionism is a 19th century art aimed to recognize the
movement characterized by a relatively small, thin accomplishment of the
yet visible brush strokes. Theory or practice in country’s living treasures.
painting especially among French painters of 2. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
about 1870 of depicting the natural appearances of (National Living Treasures Award)
objects by means of dabs or strokes of primary  Artist
unmixed colors in order to stimulate actual - work in the fine arts, including
reflected light. painting, illustration, and
EXPLORE SUBJECTS IN ART: sculpture.
Subjects - main idea that is represented in the - art practitioner who produces
artwork. or creates indirectly-functional
- essence of the piece. arts with aesthetic value using
a. Still life - collection of inanimate objects imagination.
arrange together in a specific way. FernandoCueto Amorsolo - most important
b. Landscape - natural scenery such as artists in the history of painting in the Philippines.
mountains, cliffs, rivers etc. - Palay Maiden
c. Portraiture - image of a particular person or Juan Novicio Luna - greatest Filipino artists in
animal, or a group. Philippine history.
d. Abstract - non-representational art.
 - Spoliarium (The Glorification given a Grand Collar
of Genius) symbolizing their status.
- Blod Compact - Recipients of this Grand Collar
- The Death of Cleopatra make up the Order of National
 Artisan Artists. The Order of National
- craftsman such as carpenter, Artists (Orden ng Gawad
carver, plumber, weaver, Pambansang Alagad ng Sining)
embroider and the like, who is thus a rank, a title, and a
produces directly functional wearable award that represents
and or Decorative Arts. the highest national recognition
Filipinos are creative and given to Filipinos who have
resourceful just to earn and made distinct contributions in
the field of arts and letters.
sustain their basic needs.
Tina Maristela-Ocampo - handmade bags using Famous Masterpiece or Artwork
local indigenous products. During National Artist Awards:
Rogelio – Dumagat artisan, transforming 1. Leonardo V. Locsin - Architecture in 1990
driftwood into sculptures.
2. Lino Brocka - Cinema in 1997
Famous Personalities of Art and their works:
3. Carlos Francisco - Visual Arts in 1973
1.Leonardo Da Vinci
4. Levi Celerio - Literature and Music in 1997
- Painter, Architect, Sculpture, Inventor, Engineer
and Draftsman. 5.Wilfrido Guerrero - Theater in 1997
- Famous works are Monalisa and the Last Supper 6. Leonor Goquingco - Mother of Philippine
Theater/Dance
2.Vincent Van Gogh
- Dean of Filipino Performing Arts and
- Painter
Critics
- Famous Work is the Starry Night
7 Awarded Artist in the Philippines:
3.Michael Angelo
1. Larry Alcala - Visual Arts
-Painter,Poet,Architect
2. Amelia L. Bonifacio - Theater
4.Claude Monet
3. Ryan Cayabyab - Music
-Painter,Philosopher
4. Francisco Monesa - Architecture
-Famous work is the Water Lilies Impression
5. Resil Mojares - Literature
5.Frida Khalo
6. Ramon Muzones - Literature
-Painter
7. Kidlat Tahimik – Literature
-Fridas Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and
Gamaba Awardees:
Humming Bird
1.Ginaw Bilog – Poetry
- preserving the Hanunuo Mangyan script and
NATIONAL ARTIST:
ambalan poetry.
- Contribute in the development
2.Masino Intaray – Poet, Music, Epic Chanter,
in the Philippine Arts.
storyteller
Recognizes excellence in the
field of Music, Dance, Theater, - exemplary skills in basal or gong music
Visual Arts, Film Literature, ensemble, storyteller of the kulilal and bagit
Architecture, and Applied arts traditions of Palawan.
ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST: 3.Samaon Sulaiman – Kudyapi as Filipino
Traditional Instrument
- Those who have been
proclaimed National Artists are - Kutyapi is a two-stringed plucked lute.
4.Lang Dulay - weaving the abaca ikat cloth
called t’nalak.
5.Salinta Monon - demonstrating the creative and
expressive aspects of the Bagobo abaca ikat
weaving called inabal.
6.Darhata Sawabi – master weavers in the island
of Jolo.
7.Magdalena Gamayo - Textile Weaver
- traditional patterns of binakol,
inuritan(geometric design), kusikos(spiral forms
similar to oranges), and sinan-sabong (flowers).
8. Ambalang Ausalin - Textile Weaver
- execute the suwah bekkat(cross-stitch-like
embellishment and suwah pendan(embroidery-like
embellishment) techniques of the bunga sama
category.
9.Alonzo Saclag - Musician and Dancer from
Lubuagan Kalinga
10.Federico Caballero- Epic Chanter
- document the oral literature of his people.
11.Uwang Ahodos – Musician
- dexterity in playing Yakan musical instruments
such as the kwintagan, gabbang, agung,
kwintagang kayu, tuntungan
12.Haja A. Appi - master mat weaver among the
Sama indigenous community of Ungos Matata.
Her mats are known for their complex geometric
patterns, proportion, and unique combination of
colors.
13. Estelita Bantilan - Mat Weaver
14. Teofilo Garcia - Make GOURD CASQUES
and Basket Weaving     forms that do not make a reference to the real
15. Yabing Masalon Dulo – ikat weaver
16. Eduardo Mutuc – Metalsmith
- reviving the Spanish colonial-era craft of
Plateria.
17. Teofilo Garcia - Casque Maker and weave
baskets.
UNIT IV. Giving Meaning Behind the Art
Subject:
Subject and Content are different terms.
Subject - refers to the object depicted by the
Artist.
- refers to any person, object,
scene or event describe in a
work of art.
- is the main idea or theme in a
composition.
- depicted in art that includes
landscape, seascape, cityscape,
animals, portraits, everyday
Life, history, legend, religion,
mythology, dreams and
fantasies.
Subject has different levels of meaning such as:
1.Functual
2.Conventional
3.Subjective
Content - refers to what the Artist expresses or
communicate in his/her work.
2 types of Art/Subject:
1. Representational (objective arts) - objects  or
events occurring in the real world.
- have visible subject.
Example:    
 MONALISA-paint is a woman that
realistically proportional.
- Upper Torso/half body photo
- a mysterious smile is placed
- the background is landscape
2. Non-representational (non-objective art) - art
world. It is stipped down to Visual Elements such
as shapes, lines, colors that are employed to
translate a particular feeling, emotion and even
concept.
- do not have visible subject.
 Imagination is not only an EXCELLENT
RESOURCE but a MUST.