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Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
Components of Information System
Hardware Tour
Digital Devices
A digital device processes electronic signals
that represent either a one (“on”) or a zero (“off”).
The on state is represented by the presence of an
electronic signal; the off state is represented by
the absence of an electronic signal. Each one or
zero is referred to as a bit (a contraction of binary
digit); a group of eight bits is a byte.
Understanding Binary
Computers use the base-two numbering system, also known as binary. As the capacities of digital
devices grew, new terms were developed to identify the capacities of processors, memory, and disk
storage space. Prefixes were applied to the word byte to represent different orders of magnitude.
Solid-State Drives
• A relatively new component becoming more common in some personal computers is the solid-
state drive (SSD). The SSD performs the same function as a hard disk: long-term storage.
• Instead of spinning disks, the SSD uses flash memory, which is much faster.
• Solid-state drives are currently quite a bit more expensive than hard disks. However, the use of
flash memory instead of disks makes them much lighter and faster than hard disks.
• SSDs are primarily utilized in portable computers, making them lighter and more efficient.
2. Software - set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Software is
not tangible – it cannot be touched. When programmers create software
programs, what they are really doing is simply typing out lists of instructions
that tell the hardware what to do. The two main categories are operating-
system software, which makes the hardware usable, and application
software, which does something useful. Examples of operating systems
include Microsoft Windows on a personal computer and Google’s Android on
a mobile phone. Examples of application software are Microsoft Excel and
Angry Birds.
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
Software Categories
• System Software- programs that generally perform the background tasks in a computer. These
programs, many times, talk directly to the hardware
o Operating System (OS) - control the overall operation of the computer. OS do the ff.
▪ Manage processor resources to handle simultaneous input, output, and processing task
▪ Manage memory by allocating space for all programs and data that are in use during a
computing session.
▪ Keep track of storage resources so that files and programs can be found and
manipulated.
▪ Ensure that input and output proceed in an orderly manner by communicating with
peripheral devices
▪ Establish basic elements of the user interface such as the appearance of the desktop,
menus and toolbars.
o Device drivers - software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a
computer.
o Utilities - perform system management & maintenance
o Language Translator - used to develop or maintain another program
3. Data - You can think of data as a collection of facts. For example, your street address, the city you live in,
and your phone number are all pieces of data. Like software, data is also intangible. By themselves, pieces
of data are not really very useful. But aggregated, indexed, and organized together into a database, data
can become a powerful tool for businesses. Organizations collect all kinds of data and use it to make
decisions. These decisions can then be analyzed as to their effectiveness and the organization can be
improved.
4. Networking Communication - An information system can exist without the ability to communicate – the
first personal computers were stand-alone machines that did not access the Internet. However, in today’s
hyper-connected world, it is an extremely rare computer that does not connect to another device or to a
network. Technically, the networking communication component is made up of hardware and software, but
it is such a core feature of today’s information systems that it has become its own category.
Transmission media
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 4 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
• Twisted Pair - most prevalent form of communications wiring; used for almost all business
telephone wiring.
o Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) - containing no shielding, it is less
expensive but more susceptible to signal noise.
o Shielded twisted pair (STP) - wire pairs are coated with a foil shield,
which reduces signal noise that might interfere with data
transmission.
• Coaxial Cable - commonly known as “coax”, is a high-capacity communications cable consisting of
copper wire conductor. Although it has excellent bandwidth and can carry much more data, it is less
durable, more expensive and more difficult to work with than twisted-pair cable
B. Wireless transmission media - generally slower than cables and susceptible to signal interference,
eavesdropping and jamming.
• Radio Waves – provide wireless transmission for mobile communications, such as cellular
telephones, and for stationary communications where it is difficult or impossible to install cabling,
such as remote, geographically rugged regions.
• Infrared Transmission - use frequency range just below the visible light spectrum to transport
data.
• Broadband Radio - it distribute radio signals through the air over long distances such as
between cities, regions, and countries and short distances such as within an office or home.
• Cellular Radio - form of broadcast radio that is used widely for mobile communications,
specifically wireless modems and cellular telephones.
• Microwave - an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of at least 1 gigahertz. Microwave
transmission sends a high-frequency signal from a transmitting station to a receiving station.
Distance must not be 25 to 30 miles apart because at farther distances, the curve of the earth blocks
the line-of-sight transmission path.
• Satellites - must receive and transmit via line-of-sight but high altitudes overcomes the limitations of
microwave data relay stations.
o Three types of orbits
• Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) - satellites orbit 22,300 miles directly above the equator and
maintain a fixed position above the earth’s surface. Excellent in sending television programs.
Transmission take a quarter of seconds to send and return.
• Medium earth orbit – satellites are located about 6,000 miles above the earth’s surface.
• Low earth orbit (LEO) - satellites are located 400 to 1,000 miles above the earth’s surface.
Closer to the earth, reducing or eliminating apparent propagation delay.
5. People - from the front-line help-desk workers, to systems analysts, to programmers, all the way up to the
chief information officer (CIO), the people involved with information systems are an essential element that
must not be overlooked.
6. Process - series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal. Using technology to manage
and improve processes, both within a company and externally with suppliers and customers, is the ultimate
goal. Technology buzzwords such as “business process reengineering,” “business process management,”
and “enterprise resource planning” all have to do with the continued improvement of these business
procedures and the integration of technology with them. Businesses hoping to gain an advantage over their
competitors are highly focused on this component of information systems.
Information processing (or data processing) activities that occur in information system include the following:
1. Input of Data Resources
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 5 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
- Data about business transactions and other events must be captured and prepared for processing
by the input activity.
- Input typically takes the form of data entry activities such as recording and editing.
- Once entered, data may be transferred onto a machine-readable medium such as magnetic disk or
type, until needed for processing.
1. BULLETIN BOARDS – allows users to leave messages or read public messages that provide information
or announce upcoming events. Organizations often add bulletin board capabilities to their Web site to
attract a community of users and increase site traffic. Often Bulletin board is used to keep visitors
informed about current events and developments associated with the organization.
2. BLOG – is a web site in which contributors (“bloggers”) provide ongoing commentary on a particular
subject. It is often used as a personal online diary or to address current issues and local news.
Organizations are using corporate blogs externally for branding, marketing, or public relations purposes.
Often, executives or public relations people write the posts with the goal of improving a firm’s public
image, its products, and its services.
3. CALENDARING – software allows people to capture and record scheduled meetings and events. It
enables you to check the electronic calendar of team members for open time slots and notify or remind
meeting and event participants by e-mail. Calendaring products include Google Calendar, IBM Lotus
Notes, Microsoft Exchange.
4. DESKTOP SHARING – includes number of technologies and products that allow remote access and
remote collaboration on a person’s computer. Remote log-in and real-time collaboration are the most
common forms of desktop sharing. Remote log-in – allows users to connect to their office computer while
they are away from the office. (technicians too for repairs)
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 6 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
5. INSTANT MESSAGING – offers real-time, informal communications based on the often rapid exchange
of typed messages. IM is less formal than e-mail and is used primarily in a synchronous communication
mode, with all parties sending and receiving messages in real time. ex. Messengers
6. PODCAST – is a digital media file distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on
portable media players and personal computers. Users simply download a podcast to their computer and
then transfer it to and Ipod or other player device for listening at their convenience.
7. SHARED WORKSPACE – is an area hosted by a Web server in which project members and colleagues
can share documents, models, photos, and other forms of information to keep each other current on the
status of projects or topics of common interest. Example: Center for Scientific Review (CSR) review of
applicants.
8. WEB CONFERENCING – a way to conduct live meetings or presentations over the Internet. In a Web
conferencing, each participant sits at his or her own computer, and is connected to other participants via
the Internet. Ex. Softwares like GoToMeeting, Live Meeting, Netviewer, SkypePro, WebEx, and Yugma.
Web conferencing often is sold as a service that is hosted on a Web server and controlled by the vendor.
The service may be offered on a per-minute usage basis or for fixed monthly fee. Some vendors make their
conferencing software available as a licensed product, allowing organizations that make heavy use of
conferencing to install the software on their own servers. Ex. Adobe Acrobat Connect, Genesys
Conferencing, GoToMeeting, Lotus Sametime, Microsoft Office Live Meeting, Unyte, and WebEx
a. Webcast – a presentation of information in one direction only, like watching a video on the
Internet.
b. Webinar – a type of Web conference in which the direction of the presentation is primarily
one way from the presenter to the audience; however, it can also be interactive between the
presenter and audience.
9. WIKI – a collaborative Web site that allows users to create and edit Web page content freely using any
Web browser. It has supports hyperlinks and has a simple text syntax for creating new pages ad cross-
links between internal pages. Wikis can be constructed from all types of corporate data, such as
spreadsheets, Microsoft Word documents, PowerPoint slides, PDFs and anything else that can be
displayed in a browser. Ex. Wikipedia – largest free content encyclopedia on the Internet.
• Batch Processing
- transactions data is accumulated over a period of time and processed periodically.
• Real-time (or online) processing
- data is processed immediately after a transaction occurs.
• Collaborate
- to communicate ideas
• Share resources
- Co-ordinate our cooperative work efforts as members of the many formal and informal process and
project teams. The goal of enterprise collaboration systems is to use information technology to
enhance the productivity and creativity of teams and workgroups in the modern business enterprise.
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 8 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
- provide managerial end users with information in an interactive session on an ad hoc (as needed)
basis. Managers generate the information they need for more unstructured types of decisions in an
interactive, computer-based information system that uses decision models and specialized
databases to assist the decision-making processes of managerial end users.
Several other categories of information systems that support either operations or management applications
include:
• Expert Systems
◦ is an artificial intelligence
◦ emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
◦ designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, represented mainly as if–then
rules rather than through conventional procedural code.
In this handout, we were able to understand what an Information system is, its type and components
alongside collaboration and communication tools being use as the components function as one.
V. LEARNING ACTIVITIES. You are required to answer each given question and submit your answer in the
given portion at our LMS (MS Teams) in PDF or as image, as long as you make sure that I can read your
handwriting without hassle.
Rubrics: Timeliness: 15 %
Content: 40 %
Originality: 45%
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 9 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
From your understanding as you have read the handout on Chapter I, please try to discuss the following
questions but not copy from the given handout. Try to elaborate and expand your answer as much as
possible. DO NOT COPY nor GOOGLE your answers. Find a partner to work with, and make sure to
include both names in the file/docs you will be submitting. Only one can submit later in our MS TEAMS.
Learning Activity 1
Instruction: Answer the following questions.
1. Compare and contrast at least two types of Information System.
2. Suppose that you had to explain to a member of your family or one of your
closest friends the concept of an information system, which includes all its
components and other related tools. How would you define or describe it?
Write a two-paragraph description in your own words that you feel would
best describe an information system to your friends or family.
VI. ASSIGNMENT
You are required to answer each given question and submit your answer in the given portion at our LMS (MS
Teams) in PDF or as image, as long as you make sure that I can read your handwriting without hassle.
Rubrics: Timeliness: 15 %
Content: 40 %
Originality: 45%
DIRECTIONS: This an individual activity. Use any available document software and follow this simple format:
Arial font, 11 font size, 1-inch margin at all sides with 1.15 line spacing, in justify format
Visit a job-posting Web site such as Monster.com, and https://ph.indeed.com, and
https://www.jobstreet.com.ph Spend some time at the site examining jobs for accounting, finance, sales,
marketing, and human resources.
➢ Find two or three descriptions of jobs that require some information systems knowledge.
➢ What information systems knowledge do these jobs require?
➢ What do you need to do to prepare for these jobs?
➢ Write a one-page report summarizing your findings.
After finishing this activity, kindly answer the following questions below. This table must be included in the
document where you answer your activity above.
What did I learn from Which area did I find What must I do or will What can I suggest to
this activity? myself struggling with? commit to learn more my teacher?
in each activity
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 10 of 11
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ICT 1 -1S-2021-2022
VIII. REFERENCES
Library
1. Dr. Norberto A. Orcullo, Jr. Principles of eCommerce/eBusiness (Theories and
Applications). Philippine Copyright, 2009.
2. David M. Kroenke and Kathleen A. Dolar. Business Computer System 4 th Edition
3. Prof. Vasile Avram Ph. D. Internet Technologies for Business
4. Long, Larry. Introduction to computers and information processing. 4 th Edition. Prentice
Hall. 1991.
5. Dave Chaffey - E-Business and E-Commerce Management Strategies. 4th edition
6. Regina C. Espinosa-Chico and Winston F. Abalos. Introduction to Networking,
Internet and Web Page Development, Philippine Copyright 2012
E -Resources
1. Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon, Management Information Systems – Managing the
Digital Firm, 13th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2014
2. Wikipedia entry on "Information Systems," as displayed on August 19, 2012. Wikipedia: The Free
Encyclopedia. San Francisco
3. Wikimedia Foundation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_systems_(discipline).
4. Excerpted from Information Systems Today - Managing in the Digital World, fourth edition.
Prentice-Hall, 2010.
5. Excerpted from Management Information Systems, twelfth edition, Prentice-Hall, 2012.
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this ma terial may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 11 of 11