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(mv.) I Zuvi mv_x‡`i Rxeb AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡b AwZô n‡q I‡V|

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GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 3.1 : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ I cÖv_wgK Rxeb
cvV 3.2 : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi beyqvZ jvf
cvV 3.3 : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi g°vq Bmjvg cÖPvi
cvV 3.4 : Bmjvg cÖPv‡i KzivBk‡`i evav I lohš¿
cvV 3.5 : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi wgivR
cvV 3.6 : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi g`xbvq wnRiZ

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-47

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cvV-3.1 nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ I cÖv_wgK Rxeb

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 nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ e„šÍvšÍ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I
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gyL¨ kã giæf~wg, KzivBk, mv` †MvÎ, nvieyj dz¾v‡i, Avj Avgxb, eynvqiv I nvwjgv

ivm~j (mv.)-Gi Avi‡e AvMg‡bi †cÖÿvcU

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m½Z, †hLv‡b wZwb Aí †Póv‡ZB wb‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ mdj Kivi Rb¨ KwZcq Dchy³ mnPi cv‡eb| Avie Qvov Avi
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Zvqvjvi ing‡Zi `„wó Avie giæf~wgi g°v bMix‡KB g‡bvbxZ K‡i|
esk cwiwPwZ
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(gw`bv)-Gi eby hyniv †MvÎ cÖavb Ave`yj Inv‡ei Kb¨v Avwgbvi we‡q nq| we‡qi ci wZwb Avwgbv‡K wb‡q g°vq
wd‡i Av‡mb Ges wKQzw`b ci evwYR¨ Dcj‡ÿ wmwiqv Mgb K‡ib| evwYR¨ †k‡l cÖZ¨vMg‡bi mgq gw`bvq Amy¯’
n‡q c‡ob Ges gvÎ 25 eQi eq‡m g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| Ave`yjøvn g„Zz¨i c~‡e© 5wU DU, ¯^ímsL¨K eKwi I †fov Ges
D‡¤§ Avqgvb bvgœx GK `vmx †i‡L hvb| G mgq wewe Avwgbv mšÍvbm¤¢ev wQ‡jb|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-48

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

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Lvj`yb, Be‡b wnkvg cÖgyL 12 iweDj AvDqvj wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ HwZnvwmK Aveyj wd`v e‡jb, `k Zvwi‡L
nhiZ (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ n‡qwQj| wgm‡ii cÖL¨vZ †R¨vwZwe©` I f~‡Mvjwe` gvngy` cvkv Avj-dvjvKx MvwYwZK
hyw³Z‡K©i mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Rb¥ZvwiL 571 wLª÷v‡ãi 20 GwcÖj †gvZv‡eK 9 iweDj
AvDqvj †mvgevi| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi R‡b¥i c~‡e©B Zuvi wcZv Avãyjøvn B‡šÍKvj K‡ib| R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b Avãyj
gyËvwje Avi‡ei wPivPwiZ cÖ_v Abyhvqx AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡K AvwKKv Drm‡e K‡i, Zvui bvg iv‡Lb Ôgynv¤§`Õ, A_©- cig
cÖkswmZ| Avi wewe Avwgbv cy‡Îi bvg iv‡Lb ÔAvng`Õ, A_©vr cig cÖksmvKvix| gynv¤§` I Avng` I Dfq bvgB
evj¨Kvj †_‡K cÖPwjZ wQj| KziAvb gvRx‡` ivm~j (mv.) Gi `ywU bv‡giB D‡jøøL Av‡Q|

avÎxM„‡n Ae¯’vb
R‡b¥i ci cÖ_g `yÕwZb w`b wkï (mv.) gvZ…`y» cvb K‡ib| Zvi ci Avey jvnv‡ei myIqvBev bvgœx `vmx Zuv‡K `y»
cvb Kivb| ZLbKvi w`‡b Avi‡e cÖPwjZ cÖ_vbyhvqx m¤£všÍ cwiev‡i †Kv‡bv wkï Rb¥ wb‡j Zvi ¯Íb¨`vb I jvjb-
cvj‡bi fvi avÎxi Ici b¨¯Í n‡Zv| Aek¨ GRb¨ avÎxgvZv h_vh_ cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbx †cZ| gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi
jvjb-cvj‡bi fvi gvwR©Z iæwP‡evam¤úbœ, DbœZgbv, weï×fvlx eby mv` †Mv‡Îi nvwjgvi nv‡Z c‡o| ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) e‡jb, ÒAvwg KzivBk es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ Ges mv` †Mv‡Î cÖwZcvwjZ n‡q Zv‡`i weï× fvlv iß K‡iwQ,
GRb¨B Avwg †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †kªô evM¥x|Ó avÎxi gvZv nvwjgvi KvQ †_‡K gvZ…m`‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nIqv lô eQ‡i
wkï gynv¤§`‡K wb‡q gv Av‡gbv gw`bvq wM‡q wcZ…Kz‡ji mK‡ji m‡½ wkï gynv¤§‡`i †mŠRb¨ mvÿvr Ges ¯^vgxi
Kei whqviZ Kivi B”Qv †cvlY K‡ib| GRb¨ D‡¤§ Avqgvb bvgœx cwiPvwiKv‡K m‡½ wb‡q gw`bv hvÎv K‡ib|
gw`bvq †cuŠ‡Q Avwgbv wkï gynv¤§` (mv.)-†K m‡½ wb‡q Zuvi ¯^vgxi Kei whqviZ K‡ib wdivi c‡_ g°v gw`bvi
ga¨eZ©x ÔAveIqvÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-49

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`v`v I PvPvi ZË¡veav‡b

gvZ…we‡qv‡Mi `yB eQi †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB Kv‡ji K‡Vvi n¯Í Zuv‡K wcZvgn Ave`yj gyËvwje †mœnc~Y© eÿ †_‡K
AcmvwiZ K‡i| Ave`yj gyËvwje 82 eQi eq‡m cicv‡i cvwo Rgvb| `v`v Ave`yj gyËvwj‡ei g„Zz¨i ci PvPv Avey
Zvwje gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi ZË¡veav‡b wK‡kvi gynv¤§` cvwievwiK I e¨emvwqK wewfbœ
Kv‡R wb‡R‡K †hvM¨ K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡ib|
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kvg‡`‡k (wmwiqv) hvÎv K‡ib| G mgq wmwiqvi emiv bM‡ii GK wMR©vq eynvqiv bvgK GK wLª÷vb ag©hvRK
Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb| G hvÎvq KzivBk cÖav‡bi A‡b‡KB Avey Zvwj‡ei m½x n‡qwQ‡jb|
Avj Avgxb Dcvwa
evj¨Kvj †_‡KB ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.) `y`©kvMÖ¯Í I wbcxwoZ gvby‡li cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj wQ‡jb| evj¨Kvj †_‡KB wZwb
a¨v‡b wPšÍvq gMœ _vK‡Zb| bgªZv, webq, mZ¨evw`Zv, mvayZv I mr¯^fv‡ei Rb¨ Avieevmx Zuv‡K ÔAvj AvgxbÕ ev
wek¦vmx Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i| Ae‡k‡l Ôgynv¤§`Õ (mv.) bv‡gi cwie‡Z© ÔAvj-AvgxbÕ bvgB †ewk cwiwPZ n‡q
I‡Vb| †`Lv n‡jB †jv‡Kiv ejZ, ÒGB †h Avgv‡`i Avj-Avgxb Avm‡Qb|Ó e¯‘Z Avj-Avgxb Dcvwa jv‡fi g‡a¨
Avgiv G mZ¨B Dcjwä Kwi, fwel¨r Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv wbf©i K‡i evj¨Rxe‡bi PwiÎ gvay‡h©i Ici| mZ¨evw`Zv †m
PwiÎ MV‡bi cÖ_g Ges cÖavb DciKiY|
wnj&dzj& dzhyj MVb
gnvbex (mv.)-Gi R‡b¥i c~‡e© Avi‡e †hme hy×-msNvZ GKvav‡i P‡j AvmwQj, Zb¥‡a¨ Ônvieyj wd¾viÕ ev
wdRv‡ii hy×B wQj me©v‡cÿv fqven| KzivBk Ges Kvwqm& †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ G hy‡×i m~Pbv n‡qwQj| DKvh †gjvq
Ryqv‡Ljv, †Nvo‡`Šo I Kve¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Dcjÿ¨ K‡i G i³ÿqx hy× ïiæ nq| Ggb weiwZnxb Ø›ØmsNl©, hy×,
nZ¨v I aŸsmjxjv, cÖjq ZvÐe, mvgvwRK wek„•Ljv †_‡K gvbyl‡K gyw³`vb I mgv‡R Pzwi WvKvwZ, LybvLywb, jyÉb,
mš¿vm, ivnvRvwb e‡Ü ivm~j (mv.) GK mycwiKwíZ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| weivRgvb Amnbxq mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ
†_‡K wb®‹…wZ cvIqvi Rb¨ wZwb GKUv mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb m„wói Zxeª cÖ‡qvRb Dcjwä K‡ib| ivm~j (mv.)
†dRv‡ii hy× †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i wcZ…e¨ I †Mv·bZv †hvev‡qi Be‡b Ave`yj gyËvwj‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ nvwkg I hyniv
cÖf…wZ es‡ki KwZcq wewkó e¨w³mn Ave`yjøvn Be‡b Rvq`v‡bi M„‡n mg‡eZ nb Ges GKwU Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡ib|
G cÖwZÁvi D‡`¨v³v‡`i A‡b‡Ki bv‡gi g‡a¨ ÔdhjÕ avZz wQj weavq cÖwZÁvwUi bvg Ôwnjdzj-dzhyjÕ ev dhj‡`i
cÖwZÁv bv‡g L¨vZ nq| AwaKvsk HwZnvwm‡Ki g‡Z, cÖwZÁv¸‡jv wQj wbgœiƒc-
1. Avgiv †`‡ki AkvwšÍ `~i Kivi Rb¨ h_vmva¨ †Póv Kie|
2. we‡`kx †jvK‡`i abcÖvY I gvbm¤§vb iÿv Kivi h_vmva¨ †Póv Kie|
3. wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ m¤cÖxwZ m™¢ve ¯’vc‡bi †Póv Kie|
4. RbmvaviY‡K AZ¨vPvixi Kej †_‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cÖvYcY †Póv Kie|
G cÖwZÁv Abymv‡i wKQzw`b ch©šÍ †ek KvR n‡qwQj| Z‡e Kvjµ‡g Bmjv‡gi we¯Í…wZ nIqvi ci KzivBk `jcwZiv
G cÖwZÁvi kZ© I njdbvgvi K_v fz‡j hvb| mePvB‡Z eo K_v n‡jv, Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡b Zv wgªqgvY n‡q hvq|
Ab¨w`‡K †cŠËwjKiv ivm~j (mv.) we‡ivax wQj e‡j wnjdzj dzhy‡ji cÖwZÁv Avi Kvh©Ki _v‡Kwb|
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Avj-Avgxb PvPv Avey Zvwj‡ei AbygwZ wb‡q Lvw`Rv (iv:)-Gi cÖwZwbwaiƒ‡c wmwiqvq hvÎv K‡ib| m‡½ wQj Lvw`Rv
(iv:)Gi wek¦¯Í Kg©Pvix gvqmviv Ges GKRb AvZ¥xq| wmwiqvi wewfbœ kn‡i evwYR¨ K‡i cÖPzi jvfevb n‡q Avj
Avwgb g°vq wd‡i Av‡mb Ges nhiZ Lvw`Rv (iv:)-†K wnmvecÎ I A_©Kwo eywS‡q †`b| cÖPzi jvf nIqvq Lvw`Rv
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nhiZ Lvw`Rv (iv:)-Gi kª×v †e‡o hvq Ges †m kª×v Abyiv‡M cwiYZ nq| GK ch©v‡q wZwb Zuv‡K we‡q Kivi cÖ¯Íve

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-50

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

K‡ib| ZLb Avj-Avgxb gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi eqm 25 eQi Avi nhiZ Lvw`Rvi 40 eQi| G eq‡mi GKRb hye‡Ki
c‡ÿ Ggb GK †cÖŠpv gwnjv‡K we‡q Kivi welqwU ¯^vfvweK wQj bv| PvPv Avey Zvwj‡ei AbygwZµ‡g wewe Lvw`Rv I
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RxeÏkvq wZwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv bvix‡K ¯¿x‡Z¡ MÖnY K‡ibwb| Lvw`Rv we‡qi ci ciB Zuvi mKj m¤ú` m¤úwË wcÖq
¯^vgx‡K `vb K‡i †`b|
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Kvevi ¯’vcbv cvk¦eZx© cvnv‡oi Zzjbvq wbgœf~wg‡Z Aew¯’Z _vKvq el©vi cvwb‡Z †mªvZ cÖej †e‡M Zvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek
K‡i cÖvqB ÿwZMÖn¯Í n‡q coZ| G mgm¨vi mgvavbK‡í Kvevi Pviw`‡K cÖvPxi wbg©vY Kiv n‡qwQj, wKš‘ GK`v
cvwbi †mªv‡Zi †e‡M Zv weaŸ¯Í n‡q c‡o| GRb¨ Kvev M„n bZzb K‡i wbg©vY Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q|
KzivBk es‡ki mKj †Mv‡Îi †jvKRb GK‡Î wg‡j-wg‡k Kvev M„‡ni wbg©vYKvh© mgvß K‡i, wKš‘ ÔnvR&‡i AvmIqv`Õ
ev Kv‡jv cv_i Kviv h_v¯’v‡b ¯’vcb Ki‡e, Zv wb‡q gnvweZÐvi m„wó nq| cÖ¯ÍiLvwb ¯’vc‡bi mv‡_ mvgvwRK gh©v`v
I eskMZ cÖvav‡b¨i m¤úK© wQj| cÖ‡Z¨K †Mv‡Îi †jvKivB `vwe Ki‡Z jvMj, AvgivB cÖ¯Íi ¯’vc‡bi GKgvÎ
AwaKvix| cÖ_‡g ePmv, Zvici Zzgyj Ø›Ø-†Kvjvnj Avi¤¢ nq| G †Kv›`j-†Kvjvn‡j Pvi w`b †K‡U †Mj, wKš‘
gxgvsmvi †Kv‡bv jÿYB †`Lv †Mj bv| ZLb wPivPwiZ cÖ_vbymv‡i mK‡jB hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nq| hy× hLb
G‡Kev‡i Awbevh© n‡q DVj, ZLb Ávbe„× Avey DgvBqv mKj‡K Avnevvb K‡i ej‡jb, ÒAvgvi cÖ¯Íve n‡”Q, †h
e¨w³ AvMvgxKvj †fv‡i me©cÖ_g KvevN‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, Zvi IciB G weev` dqmvjvi fvi Ac©Y Kiv hvK| †m †h
wm×všÍ Ki‡e ZvB Avgiv †g‡b †be|Ó e„‡×i G mgxPxb cÖ¯Ív‡e mK‡jB m¤§Z nq| ciw`b †fv‡i †`Lv †Mj, gynv¤§`
(mv.) mK‡ji Av‡M KvevN‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Qb| ZLb mw¤§wjZ K‡É Avb‡›`i †ivj I‡V- ÒGB †Zv Avgv‡`i Avj-
Avgxb| Avgiv mK‡jB Zuvi gxgvsmvq m¤§Z AvwQ|Ó Avj-Avgxb Zv‡`i gy‡L me e¨vcvi AeMZ n‡q GKLvbv Pv`i
wewQ‡q wb‡R cÖ¯ÍiLvbv Zvi ga¨¯’‡j ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges wbe©vwPZ †MvÎ cÖwZwbwa‡`i ej‡jb, ÒGevi Avcbviv
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB G Pv`‡ii GK GK cÖvšÍ a‡i cv_iLvbv h_v¯’v‡b wb‡q Pjyb|Ó mK‡jB ivm~‡ji AbymiY Ki‡jb|
h_v¯’v‡b DcbxwZ n‡q gynv¤§` (mv.) cybivq cv_iLvbv wbR nv‡Z Zz‡j wbw`©ó RvqMvq ¯’vcb K‡ib| Gfv‡e
weev`gvb †Mvθ‡jvi g‡a¨ GK RwUj mgm¨vi dqmvjv n‡q †Mj|
AmvaviY e¨w³Z¡, m~² eyw×, wePÿYZv, cÖZz¨rcbœgwZZ¡mn e¨vcK mybv‡gi d‡j Avj-Avgxb GKwU Avmbœ fqven
i³cv‡Zi AvksKv †_‡K Avie †Mvθ‡jv‡K iÿv Ki‡Z mÿg nb| HwZnvwmK‡`i aviYv Abyhvqx, G mgq Avj-
Avgx‡bi eqm wQj cuqw·ki KvQvKvwQ|

wkÿv_©xi KvR gnvbex (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ I ˆkkeKvjxb NUbvmg~n wPwýZ Kiæb|

weï×gZvbyhvqx gnvbex (mv.) Avg~j wdj Kx? KzivBk bv‡gi DrcwË nvwjgv †K?
Gi Rb¥ ZvwiL †Kvb&wU? Kvi bvg †_‡K G‡m‡Q?

mvims‡ÿc :
Avief~wgmn mgMÖ c„w_ex‡Z hLb gvbeZvi gh©v`v fzjwÉZ nw”Qj, gnvb Avjøvni GKZ¡ev‡`i cwie‡Z© wkiKmn
bvbv gZev‡`i cÖmvi N‡UwQj, wVK ZLwbB AwLix bex nhiZ gynv¤§ (mv.) g°vi weL¨vZ KzivBk es‡k Rb¥ MÖnY
K‡ib| R‡b¥i c~‡e© wcZv Ges ˆkk‡e gvZ…we‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g KwVb ev¯ÍeZvq Rxe‡bi m~Pbv N‡U| Zuvi ¯^fve I
gvbexq ˆewkó¨vewji gva¨‡g Rvwnjx mgv‡R Avj Avwgb bv‡g L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| beyqvZ jv‡fi c~‡e©B wnj&dzj&
dzhyj msMV‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q Ges hye eq‡m Kvev N‡ii Kv‡jv cv_i ¯’vc‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb Kivi gva¨‡g
me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li AvbyôvwbK Av¯’v AR©b K‡ib|

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cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.1

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) KZ wLª÷v‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
(K) 570 (L) 573
(M) 579 (N) 582
2| ÔAvgyj-wdjÕ ev nw¯Íel© ejv nq †Kvb wLª÷vã‡K?
(K) 570 (L) 573
(M) 579 (N) 582
3| gnvbex (mv.)-†K ÔAvj-AvgxbÕ ejv nq KviY wZwb-
(K) AvgvbZ iÿv I mZ¨ ej‡Zb (L) KZ©e¨wbôvq AUzU wQ‡jb
(M) mr ivR‰bwZK †bZv wQ‡jb (N) wePÿYZvi m‡½ KvR Ki‡Zb

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
GKwU cÖvPxb HwZn¨evnx gmwR‡`i Dbœq‡b AksMÖnY wb‡q K‡qKwU cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ we‡iva ev‡a| cÖwZwU cwievi
wb‡RivB m¤ú~Y© LiP w`‡e e‡j `vwe K‡i| ZLb gmwR‡`i Bgvg mv‡ne Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Dbœqb Kv‡R mgvb Askx`v‡ii
welqwU wbwðZ K‡ib Ges cieZ©x‡Z †hb MÖv‡g Gme wel‡q AkvwšÍ bv nq †mRb¨ K‡qKR‡bi mgš^‡q GKwU KwgwU
MVb K‡i m¤cÖxwZ ¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡ib|
(K) wmwiqv åg‡bi mgq wK‡kvi gnvbex (m:) Gi mv‡_ †Kvb Lªx÷vb cv`ªxi mvÿvZ nq? 1
(L) wnjdzj dzRy‡ji cwiPq w`b| 2
(M) we‡iva wb®úwˇZ Bgvg mv‡ne †Kvb NUbv‡K AbymiY K‡i‡Qb? cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
(N) Bgvg mv‡n‡ei c`‡ÿc mgv‡R kvwšÍ eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i| Avcwb wK Gi m‡½ GKgZ? 4

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-52

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

cvV-3.2 nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi beyqvZ jvf

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 bex I beyqvZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb
 Iqvnx-Gi cwiPq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb
 cÖ_g AeZxY© Iqvnx

gyL¨ kã beyqvZ, Iqvnx, wReªvBj,wniv ¸nv, eynvqiv I IivKv Be&‡b bIdj

beyq‡Zi cwiPq
ÔbeyqvZÕ kãwU Aviex ÔbvevAvÕ kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Gi A_© n‡”Q-msev`| ‡m wn‡m‡e bex k‡ãi A_©
msev` evnK ev msev` `vZv| Avjøvn Zvqvjvi cÿ †_‡K gvbe RvwZi wbKU cÖ‡qvRbxq LeivLei ev
msev` Z_v Avjøvni wb‡`©kmg~n ‡cŠu‡Q †`qvi Rb¨ hviv msev``vZvi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb, ZvivB bex| cÖ‡Z¨K
bex ivm~jB gvbeRvwZ‡K Zv‡`i we¯§„Z `vwqZ¡ KZ©e¨ ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡Z `ywbqv‡Z AvMgb K‡ib| Zv‡`i GK
Avjøøvni Bev`Z Ki‡Z e‡jb| wkiK&-we`AvvZ †_‡K Zv‡`i `~‡i iv‡Lb| Zv‡`i AÁZvc~Y© Rvwnjx img-†iIqvR
iwnZ K‡ib| Avjøøvni B”Qvbyhvqx Rxebhvcb Kivi c×wZ †kLvb| wbf©~j I mwVK AvB‡bi cÖPjb K‡i Zv †g‡b
Pjvi wb‡`©k †`b|
Iqvnx cwiwPwZ
Iqvnx A_© Bkviv, Bw½Z, g‡b †Kv‡bv K_v wb‡ÿc Kiv, †Mvc‡b †Kv‡bv K_v ev evYx cvVv‡bv| cvwifvwlK A‡_©
Avjøøvn Zvqvjv Zuvi bex‡`i wbKU hv cÖZ¨v‡`k wn‡m‡e †cÖiY K‡ib Zv‡K Anx e‡j| Iqvnx `yB cÖKvi, h_v: (K)
Iqvnx gvZjy: hvi kã I A_© `y‡UvB Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K AeZxY©-A_©vr KyiAvb (L) Iqvnx MvBwi-gvZjy, hvi fve
Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Z‡e fvlv ivm~j (mv.)-Gi, A_©vr nv`xm| Av`g (Av:) †_‡K ïiæ K‡i gnvbex (mv.) mKj bex-
ivm~jMbB Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Iqvnx ev cÖZ¨v‡`k cÖvß nb|
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Iqvnx
Zuvi eqm hLb Pwjøøk eQi c~Y© nw”Qj, ZLb gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi fv‡ei Av‡ek Av‡iv Mfxi n‡q I‡V| G Ae¯’vq
†jvKvj‡qi †Kvjvnj †_‡K `~‡i m‡i wM‡q wbf©„Z wbR©b ¯’v‡b a¨bgMœ _vKv Zuvi wbKU wcÖq g‡b n‡Z jvMj| g°v
†_‡K wZb gvBj `~‡i wniv ce©Z, Pviw`‡K Rbgvbenxb we¯Í…Z giƒcÖvšÍi| †m cvnv‡oi ¸nvq wZwb gv‡mi ci gvm
Ae¯’vb K‡i a¨bgMœ _vK‡Zb| GKw`b hLb wZwb c~‡e©i Af¨vmg‡Zv †niv ¸nvq a¨vbgMœ wQ‡jb, ZLb wReªvBj (Av)
Anx wb‡q G‡m Zuv‡K ej‡jb, ÒBKiv (coyb)| wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg †Zv co‡Z Rvwb bv| wØZxqev‡iI GKB wb‡`©‡k
ivmyj (mv.) †bwZevPK Reve †`b| GKBfv‡e Z…Zxqevi ej‡jb, coyb| ZLb ivmyj (mv.) wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Kx
co‡Z n‡e? ej‡jb: Òcoyb, Avcbvi cÖf~i bv‡g, whwb Avcbv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wZwb gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb
RgvUe× i³wcÛ †_‡K| †m cÖf~i bv‡g cvV Kiæb, whwb gwngvwš^Z; gvbyl‡K whwb Kjg Øviv Ávb wkwL‡q‡Qb|Ó
(m~iv AvjvK, 96: 1-5)
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb: Avwg Zuvi †_‡K ï‡b ï‡b kã I evK¨¸‡jv D”PviY Kijvg| wZwb cÖ¯’vb Ki‡j Avwg a¨vb
†_‡K D‡V cvnv‡oi ¸nv †_‡K ei n‡q Avmjvg| hLb cvnv‡oi Aa© c_ †b‡g G‡mwQ, ZLb AvKvk †_‡K KÉÕ kÖæZ
n‡jv- Ô‡n gynv¤§`! Avcwb Avjøøvni ivm~j Ges Avwg wReªvBj| Avwg gyn~‡Z© AvKv‡ki w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡j †`Ljvg,
AvKvk Ry‡o †K †hb `uvwo‡q Av‡Qb- Avgvi †PvL auvwa‡q †Mj| wZwb wØZxq evi Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Ô‡n gynv¤§`!
Avcwb Avjøøvni ivm~j Ges Avwg wReªvBj| Zvici ¯^‡cœi `„k¨vejxi g‡Zv wZwb A`„k¨ n‡q †M‡jb| cigyn~‡Z© Avgvi
fqvbK hš¿Yv`vqK ürK¤ú ïiæ n‡jv| Avwg `ªæZ evwoi w`‡K Pj‡Z jvMjvg|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-53

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

evwo wd‡i ivm~j (mv.) R¡ivµvšÍ †ivMxi g‡Zv Kuvc‡Z jvM‡jb Ges Lvw`Rv‡K ej‡jb, ÒAvgv‡K K¤^j w`‡q
RovI|Ó hZÿY bv wZwb wKQzUv my¯’ †eva Ki‡jb, ZZÿY Zuv‡K K¤^j w`‡q Ave„Z ivLv n‡jv| wKQzUv cÖK…wZ¯’ n‡q
ivm~j (mv.) nhiZ Lvw`Rv (iv:) †K mvwe©K welq e¨³ Ki‡jb| Lvw`Rv (iv:) ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †K mvšÍ¡bv w`‡q
ej‡jb: f‡qi KviY †bB, Avjøvn Avcbv‡K ÿwZi g‡a¨ †dj‡e bv| †Kbbv Avcwb me©`v gvby‡li Kj¨v‡b KvR
K‡ib, `y:Lx‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K wb‡q IivKv Be‡b bId‡ji wbKU Mgb K‡ib| wZwb wneªæ fvlv Rvb‡Zb
Ges ZvIivZ I BwÄj wKZv‡ei cwÐZ wQ‡jb| ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU c~e©vci mKj NUbv ï‡b wZwb D”Q¡wmZ K‡É
e‡j DV‡jb, ÔKzÏymybÕ (ïf, ïf)! wZwb Ôbvgymyj AvKevi (¯^Mx©q evYxevnK wReivBj)| whwb Avcbvi wbKU AvMgb
K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb †mB `~Z (wdwik&Zv), whwb nhiZ g~mv (Av) Gi wbKU G‡mwQ‡jb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gfv‡eB
Pwjøøk eQi eq‡m 610 wLª÷v‡ãi 27 ighvb K`‡ii iv‡Z beyqZ jvf K‡ib| beyqZcÖvwßi G NUbv nv`x‡m GKvwaK
RvqMvq AZ¨šÍ ¯úófv‡e wee„Z n‡q‡Q|
wewfbœ cÖKvi Inx
Avjøøvgv Be‡b KvBwqg wb‡gœv³ K‡qK cÖvKv‡ii Iqvnxi K_v D‡jøøL K‡i‡Qb-
1. mZ¨ ¯^cœ| ¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g ivm~j (mv.)-Gi Ici Iqvnx bvwhj n‡Zv|
2. †d‡ikZv Zuv‡K †`Lv bv w`‡q Zuvi g‡b K_v ewm‡q w`‡Zb| †hgb wcÖqbex (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, iæûj KzÏym Avgvi
g‡b GK_v ewm‡q w`‡jb, †Kv‡bv gvbyl Zvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wiwhK cvIqvi Av‡M g„Zz¨eiY K‡i bv| Kv‡RB
Avjøøvn‡K fq K‡iv Ges fv‡jv wRwbm Zvjvk K‡iv| wiwhK †c‡Z wej¤^ n‡j Avjøøvni bvdigvwbi gva¨‡g wiwhK
Zvjvk K‡iv bv| †Kbbv, Avjøøvni Kv‡Q hv wKQz i‡q‡Q, †mUv Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Qvov cvIqv hvq bv|
3. †d‡ikZv gvby‡li AvK…wZ aviY K‡i Iqvnx wb‡q Avm‡Zb
4. ivm~j (mv.)-Gi Kv‡Q Iqvnx NÈvaŸwbi g‡Zv Ub Ub k‡ã Avm‡Zv| GwU wQj Iqvnxi me‡P‡q K‡Vvi Ae¯’v|
G Ae¯’vq †d‡ikZv Zuvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Zb Ges cÖPÐ kx‡Zi gImyg n‡jI wcÖqbex (mv.) Ng©v³ n‡Zb| Zuvi
Kcvj †_‡K Nvg S‡i co‡Zv|
5. gnvbex (mv.) †d‡ikZv‡`i Zuvi cÖK…Z †Pnvivq †`L‡Zb| †mB Ae¯’vB Avjøøvni B”Qvq Zuvi Ici Iqvnx bvwhj
n‡Zv|
6. †d‡ikZvi gva¨g Qvov Avjøøvni mv‡_ mivmwi K_v ejv| wcÖq bexi mv‡_ Avjøøvni K_v ejvi cÖgvY wgiv‡Ri
NUbvq i‡q‡Q|
Gfv‡e m„wóKZ©v gnvb Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Iqvnx AeZx‡Y©i gva¨‡g gnvbex (mv.) bex I ivm~j wn‡m‡e Avwef©yZ
n‡jb| Zvi Dci Anx cÖPv‡ii `vwqZ¡ eZ©vq| gnvbex (mv.) Gi `vIqvZx Kg©KvÐmg~n Zvi Rxe‡bi gZB mvaviYZ
`yfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq-cÖ_gZ: g°v Rxeb, GmgqwU 610 mvj †_‡K 622 mb ch©šÍ †gvU 13 eQi| wØZxqZ: g`xbv
Rxeb, G mgqwU 622 †_‡K 632 mb ch©šÍ †gvU 10 eQi|
gnvbex (mv.)-Gi beyqvZx 23 eQ‡i Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ gvbyl‡K Avnev‡bi wZbwU ch©vq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ h_v:
1. †Mvc‡b Bmjvg cÖPvi: Anx bvwh‡ji ci †_‡K cÖ_g wZb eQi|
2. cÖKv‡k¨ Bmjvg cÖPvi: beyqv‡Zi PZz_© eQi †_‡K `kg mb ch©šÍ|
3. g°vi evB‡i Avie I mgMÖ we‡k¦ Bmjvg cÖPvi: beyqv‡Zi `kg eQi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i gnvbex (mv.) Gi
IdvZKvj ch©šÍ|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Iqvnx m¤ú‡K© GKwU aviYv Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

Iqvnx Kx? Iqvnx ‡Kvb ‡d‡ikZvi gva¨‡g Iqvnx KZ cÖKvi I Kx cÖ_g Iqvnx ‡KvbwU?
Kvi Dci AeZxY© nq? Kx?

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mvims‡ÿc :
40 eQi eq‡m wek¦bex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) gnvb Avjøvn Zvqvjvi cÿ †_‡K Iqvnx ev cÖZ¨v‡`k jvf K‡ib|
wec`Mvgx gvbe RvwZ‡K c_ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ bvwhj Kiv nq Avj KyiAvb| †niv ¸nvq bvwhjK…Z KyiAv‡bi cÖ_g
kãwU n‡”Q ÔBKivÕ ev co| 610 ‡_‡K 632 mvj ch©šÍ `xN© 23 eQie¨vcx bvwhjK…Z KziAvb wek¦gvbeZvi Rb¨
GKgvÎ AbyKibxq Av`k©| †KqvgvZ ch©šÍ AvMZ mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ c_ Pjvi cv‡_q| gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj
mgm¨v I wRÁvmvi Reve Avj KyiAv‡bi Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g RvMwZK I cvi‡jŠwKK Kj¨vY jv‡f gvbe Rxeb
ab¨ n‡Z cv‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.2

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| cÖ_g AeZxY© Anxi kã †KvbwU?
(K) B&Kiv (L) BL&dv
(M) Bj&nvg& (N) wKivA
2| Iqvnx wb‡q Av‡mb †Kvb& wdwik&Zv?
(K) wgKvBj (L) wReªvBj
(M) Bmªvwdj (N) AvRivBj
3| cÖ_g AeZxY© AvqvZmg~‡ni m~iv †KvbwU?
(K) dvwZnv (L) BLjvm
(M) AvjvK (N) Avbdvj

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
Aa¨vcK †gv: Aveyj Kvjvg Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ welq cov‡Z wM‡q wkÿv_x©‡`i GKwU Mí ‡kvbvb|
†m›UgvwU©b Øx‡ci c_nviv gvbyl‡`i‡K mZ¨ I b¨v‡qi c_ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z GK`v GKRb weL¨vZ †jv‡Ki Avwef©vi
N‡U| wZwb Øxc evmxi Rb¨ bZzb evZ©v wb‡q G‡jb| gvby‡li Dci Awc©Z m„wó KZ©vi †`qv `vwq‡Z¡i e¨cv‡i wZwb
Zv‡`i‡K mZK© Ki‡jb| cÖPwjZ wek^v‡mi cwie‡Z© bZzb evYx‡Z gvbyl Awff~Z nq| µ‡gB ØxcÂj Qvwo‡q
wek^e¨vcx †m Avnevb Qwo‡q c‡o|
(K) Iqvnx A_© Kx? 1
(L) Iqvnx- Gi mswÿß cwiPq w`b| 2
(M) Iqvnx bvwh‡ji avc¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb| 3
(N) DÏxc‡Ki †m›U gvwU©b Øx‡ci NUbvi mv‡_ gnvbex (mv.)-Gi Rxe‡bi NUbvi mv`„k¨ Zy‡j aiæb| 4

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-55

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cvV-3.3 g°vq Bmjvg cÖPvi I Kvwdi‡`i we‡ivwaZv

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 gnvbex (mv.) KZ…©K Bmjv‡gi cÖPv‡ii m~Pbv KvR m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Bmjvg MÖnYKvix‡`i cwiPq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I
 Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡&× ‡KvivBk Kvwdi‡`i lohš¿ AvµgY m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡eb|
gyL¨ kã
Øx‡bi `vIqvZ, †Mvc‡b ØvIqvZ, cÖKv‡k¨ `vIqvZ I †cŠËwjKZv

Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ
bex ivm~j‡`i me©‡kªô I me©cÖavb KvR n‡jv Øx‡bi `vIqvZ| Avi ZvB `vIqvZ gywgb Rxe‡bi AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wgkb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi †ejvqI Gi e¨wZµg nqwb| Gfv‡eB gnvbex (mv.)-Gi
Rxe‡bi cÖ_g ce© †kl n‡q wØZxq ce© ïiæ nq| wZwb mZ¨ cÖPv‡i Avw`ó n‡jb, Ò†n Avgvi wcÖq ivm~j! Avcbvi cÖfz
Avcbv‡K †h mZ¨ `vb K‡i‡Qb, Zv cÖPvi Kiæb|Ó (m~iv gvwq`v-67)| ZLb †_‡K ivm~j (mv.) mZ¨ cÖPv‡i eªZx nb|
†Mvc‡b Bmjvg cÖPvi
cÖ_g wZb eQi †Mvc‡b cÖPvi Kvh© Pvjvb| me©cÖ_g gymjgvb n‡jb Zuvi mnawg©Yx Lvw`Rv (iv:), Zvici wcZ…e¨ cyÎ
Avjx (iv:), gy³ `vm hvwq` web nvwimv I Zuvi AšÍi½ eÜz Avey eKi wmÏxK (iv:)| Avey eKi wmÏxK (iv:) wQ‡jb
KzivBk‡`i g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ cÖfvekvjx e¨w³| wZwb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡iB eÜzevÜe I mggbv‡`i gv‡S Bmjvg cÖPvi ïiæ
K‡i †`b| AwP‡iB nhiZ Dmgvb, Ave`yi ingvb, mv`, †hvev‡qi, Zvjnv (iv:) cÖgyL Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| GQvov
nhiZ Avey Ievq`v, Avey mvjvgv, Dmgvb Be‡b gvhDb, mvC` Be‡b hvwq`, Ave`yjøvn Be‡b gvmD` cÖgyLI nhiZ
Avey eKi (iv:)-Gi AvnŸv‡b Bmjv‡g `xwÿZ nb| e¯‘Z Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g wZb-Pvi eQi ch©šÍ DcwiD³
gbxlx‡`i g‡a¨B Bmjvg mxgve× wQj| ZuvivB wQ‡jb ivm~‡ji cÖv_wgK mnPi| ivm~‡ji my‡L-`yt‡L ZuvivB wQ‡jb
wbZ¨m½x, mge¨_x|
cÖKv‡k¨ cÖPv‡ii Av‡`k
†Mvcb cÖPv‡ii cÖ_g wZb eQi AwZµvšÍ nIqvi ci PZz_© eQ‡ii cÖvi‡¤¢B cÖKv‡k¨ `vIqvZ †`qvi wb‡`©k nq-
ÒAvcwb Avw`ó welq (Avjøøvn Zvqvjvi evYx) cÖKvk¨fv‡e ïwb‡q w`b|Ó (wnRi-94) ÒAvcwb Avcbvi cwievi
cwiRb I wbKUvZ¥xq‡`i (Avjøøvn Zvqvjvi) fq cÖ`k©b Kiæb|Ó (ïAviv- 294)
†hgb wb‡`©k †Zgb KvR| G wb‡`©k †c‡q ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) g°vi A`~ieZ©x mvdv ce©‡Z Av‡ivnY K‡ib Ges
†MvÎcwZ‡`i mevB‡K Avnevb K‡i ce©‡Zi cv`‡`‡k Rgv‡qZ K‡ib| AZtci Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb- Ò†n KzivBk!
AvR hw` Avwg ewj, G mvdv ce©‡Zi cðv‡Z GK`j cÖej kÎæ †Zvgv‡`i AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ A‡cÿgvb, Z‡e wK
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wg_¨v ej‡Z ïwbwb|Ó wZwb ej‡jb, ÒAvwg GLb †Zvgv‡`i ejwQ, †Zvgiv hw` Bmjvg MÖnY bv Ki, Z‡e †Zvgv‡`i
Ici KwVb kvw¯Í Av‡ivwcZ n‡e|Ó ivm~‡ji `vIqvZx evYx kªeY K‡i KzivBk †bZ…e„›` AZ¨šÍ ivMvwš^Z nq| G‡`i
g‡a¨ Zuvi PvPv Avey jvnveI Dcw¯’Z wQj|
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Av‡qvRb K‡i Ave`yj gyËvwj‡ei `vIqvZ †`qvi `vwqZ¡ nhiZ Avjx (iv:)-Gi Ici b¨¯Í K‡ib| mK‡jB
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Kvi‡Y †kªvZviv Pzc _v‡K| ZvB mvg‡b wb‡q mKj †kªvZv Pzc K‡i e‡m wQj| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) ej‡jb, Ò‡n eby
gyËvwje! Avwg †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ Ggb GK wRwbm wb‡q G‡mwQ, hv AvR ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv e¨w³B Zvi KI‡gi Rb¨ Avb‡Z
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†Zvgv‡`i `L‡j Avm‡e| Gevi ej, G Kv‡R †K Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e?Ó mgMÖ †fvRmfv G‡Kev‡i bxie wb¯Íä|
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KzivBk‡`i we‡ivwaZvi KviY
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1. ag©xq KviY : Bmjvg ag© Keyj Kivi A_© n‡”Q wb‡R‡K mKj cÖKv‡ii wkiK n‡Z gy³ Kiv| nhiZ gynv¤§`
(mv.) GKZ¡ev‡`i `vIqvZ w`‡q Avieevmx‡K g~wZ©c~Rv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z ej‡jb, ZLb g~wZ©c~RK KzivBk
m¤cÖ`vq Zuvi Ici µz× n‡q I‡V Ges Zuvi Bmjvg cÖPv‡i evav m„wó K‡i|
2. mvgvwRK KviY : mvg¨ I wek¦ åvZ…Z¡ cªwZôvi †ÿ‡Î Bmjv‡gi e³e¨ n‡jv abx-wba©b, DuP-z bxPz, Avkivd-
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weivwRZ AZ¨vPvi-AbvPvi, e¨wfPvi, `yb©xwZ, biejx, g`¨cvb, Ryqv †Ljv, Kzwm` cÖ_v, jyÉb BZ¨vw`
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kw³ †`‡L †cŠËwjK †bZ…e„›` D‡Ø‡Mi mv‡_ jÿ Kij Gfv‡e Bmjv‡gi kw³ DwÌZ n‡j, Zv‡`i †bZ…Z¡ I
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4. A_©‰bwZK KviY : KzivBkiv n‡¾i gImy‡g A‡bK cÖKvi Avw_©K myweav †fvM Ki‡Zv| hw` gynv¤§` (mv.)
cÖPvwiZ ag© wek¦v‡m GKgZ n‡q gvbyl GKZ¡ev‡`i wkÿv MÖnY K‡i, Zvn‡j †cŠËwjK‡`i DcvR©‡bi c_ eÜ
n‡q hv‡e| GRb¨ Zviv Bmjvg I gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i|

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†K me©cÖ_g Bmjvg MÖnY †Mvc‡b Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii ‡Kvb mv‡j cÖKv‡k¨ gvbex (mv.) ‡Kvb cvnv‡oi
K‡ib? mgq 3 Rb gymwj‡gi bvg Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii KvR cv`‡`‡k cÖKv‡k¨ Bmjv‡gi
wjLyb| ïiæ nq|? `vIqvZ †`b?

mvims‡ÿc :
gnvb Avjøøvn iveŸyj Avjvwgb ivm~j gynv¤§` (mv.)-†K †MvUv we‡k¦i Rb¨ ingZ¯^iƒc †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi Zuvi
cÖPvwiZ mZ¨ a‡g©B i‡q‡Q mvwe©K Kj¨vY| Kvwdiiv Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡× msMÖvg K‡iI Zuv‡K GZUzKz `wg‡q w`‡Z
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2| me©cÖ_g KziAv‡bi †h K_v gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi Ici Anx wn‡m‡e AeZxY© nq-
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P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
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AgvbweK wbcxob ïiæ nq|
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(M) DÏxc‡Ki NUbvi mv‡_ bex Kixg (m)-Gi †Kvb NUbvi wgj cvIqv hvq? 3
(N) D³ NUbv gnvbex (m) wKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv K‡ib? 4

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 gymjgvb‡`i Dci Kvwdi‡`i bvbviKg wbh©vZ‡bi welq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

gyL¨ kã Avey Zvwje, Avm Be‡b wnkvg, AvIqv` I Aveyj nvKvg

KzivBk‡`i AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb

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Bmjv‡gi cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R e¨vc„Z _vK‡jb|
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ejv †_‡K eviY Ki‡eb, wKš‘ Avcwb Zv K‡ibwb| GLb Avgv‡`i ˆa‡h©i euva †f‡½ †M‡Q| Avcbvi gva¨‡g Avgiv
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Zvi weiæ‡× Avg„Zz¨ hy× Pvwj‡q hve| GZ`~i Mov‡Z †`‡L Avey ZvwjeI Avi welqUv mnRfv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z
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gnvbex (mv.)-mn mvaviY gymwjg‡`i Dci bvbviKg wbh©vZb ïiæ nq| me‡P‡q †jvgnl©K wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb
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nhiZ wReªvBj (Av.) Gi mv‡_ GKm‡½ mdi Avi¤¢ K‡ib|
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msiÿY, µgweKvk Ges µ‡gvbœwZ GKgvÎ Avjøøvni `vb| whwb Amxg Ávb I wePÿYZvi AwaKvix, huvi B”Qv I
Av‡`k wbi¼zkfv‡e (absolutely) Avmgvb I hgx‡bi cÖwZwU ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª AYy-cigvYyi g‡a¨ mwµq i‡q‡Q, hvi nv‡Z
i‡q‡Q RxweKvi PvweKvwV, Rxeb-g„Zz¨i iwk Ges whwb mg¯Í kw³ I ÿgZvi Drm| gvby‡li AvbyMZ¨, `vmZ¡ GKgvÎ
Avjøøvni cÖvc¨; G †ÿ‡Î Ab¨ Kv‡iv Bev`Z bv Kiv, Zvi mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK bv Kiv, Ab¨Kv‡iv mve©‡fŠgZ¡ bv gvbv|
g~jZt G n‡”Q wgiv‡Ri cÖavb I cÖ_g wkÿv| G wkÿv‡KB KziAv‡bi m~iv ebx BmivB‡j Gfv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q-
†Zvgvi i‡ei wm×všÍ †h, †Zvgiv GKgvÎ Avjøøvn Qvov Avi Kv‡iv `vmZ¡, AvbyMZ¨ I Dcvmbv Ki‡e bv| (m~iv ebx
BmivBj, AvqvZ-231)
wcZvgvZvi AwaKvi msµvšÍ
mgvR I ivóªxq Rxe‡bi †gŠj BDwbU n‡jv cwievi| ZvB wgiv‡Ri wØZxq wkÿvq ZvgvÏywbK wel‡q cvwievwiK
e¨e¯’vi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~iv ebx BmivB‡j ejv n‡q‡Q-ÒwcZvgvZvi m‡½ fv‡jv e¨envi Ki‡e|
hw` Zv‡`i GKRb A_ev `yRbB e„× Ae¯’vq †eu‡P _v‡Kb, Z‡e Zv‡`i m‡½ ÔDnÕ kãwU ch©šÍ Ki‡e bv| Zv‡`i
Zz”QÁvb Ki‡e bv, Zv‡`i m‡½ wgó fvlvq K_v ej‡e|Ó (m~iv ewb BmivCj-23)

cÖ_g Av‡`k : wcZvgvZv‡K ÔDn&Õ ejv hv‡e bv|

wØZxq Av‡`k: agK †`qv, GUv †h K‡ói KviY Avnv ejvB evûj¨|
Z…Zxq Av‡`k: Zuv‡`i mv‡_ m¤cÖxwZ I fv‡jvevmvi mv‡_ bgª¯^‡i K_v ej‡Z n‡e|
PZz_© Av‡`k: wcZvgvZvi mv‡_ bgª e¨envi †hb wbQK †jvK †`Lv‡bv bv nq Ges AvšÍwiK ggZv I m¤§v‡bi wfwˇZ
n‡Z cv‡i|
cÂg Av‡`k: Zuv‡`i cÖwZ fv‡jv e¨env‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡`i Rb¨ †`vqv KiviI wkÿv †`qv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q-
Ò†n cvjbKZ©v! Zv‡`i Df‡qi cÖwZ ing Ki, †hgb Zviv Avgv‡K ˆkkeKv‡j jvjb-cvjb K‡i‡Qb|Ó

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-65

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

abx-Mix‡ei cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©

wgiv‡Ri GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿv n‡”Q, mgv‡R hviv weËnxb, ev¯‘nviv, ghjyg, e„wó‡Z wf‡R †iv‡` cy‡o, †Kv_vI gv_v
†MvRvi RvqMv †bB, Ac‡ii mvnv‡h¨i gyLv‡cÿx G‡`i m¤úK© weËevb‡` KZ©e¨ mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| G
m¤ú‡K© m~iv ejv n‡q‡Q- ÒAvcb AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i cvIbv ey‡S `vI Ges wgmKxb I cw_K‡`i nK eywS‡q `vI|
(m~iv ebx BmivBj-26)
wgZe¨wqZv
wgiv‡Ri GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿv n‡”Q- gvbyl‡K wgZe¨qx n‡Z n‡e, †hb †m wb‡Ri e¨qevûj¨ Øviv wb‡Ri I Ac‡ii
me©bvk †W‡K bv Av‡b, Kvc©Y¨ K‡i m¤ú‡`i cvnvo ˆZwi KivI hv‡e bv| G cÖm‡½ Avjøøvn e‡jb- Ò†Zvgiv nvZ‡K
bv G‡Kev‡i Nv‡oi m‡½ †eu‡a †dj‡e, Avi bv G‡Kev‡i Ly‡j †`‡e (K…cYI n‡qv bv Ges AwgZe¨qxI n‡qv bv)
†R‡b †i‡Lv Zv Ki‡j Zzwg wZi¯‹…Z, wbt¯^ n‡q e‡m _vK‡e|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-29)
`vwi‡`ª¨i Rb¨ mšÍvb nZ¨v
wgiv‡Ri Ab¨Zg wkÿv n‡”Q `vwi‡`ª¨i f‡q, Lv`¨vfve I mvsmvwiK Afve-AbU‡bi Avk¼vq mšÍvb nZ¨v bv Kiv|
eZ©gvb eskai‡`i RxweKvi e¨e¯’vcbv Avjøøvn †hfv‡e Ki‡Qb, fwel¨r eskaiM‡Yi Rb¨I wVK †Zgwb Ki‡eb| G
cÖm‡½ m~iv Avjøøvn e‡jb-Ò†Zvgiv Afv‡ei Zvobvq ¯^xq mšÍvb‡`i‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv, Avwg Zv‡`i I †Zvgv‡`i
RxweKv `vb K‡i _vwK|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-31)
e¨wfPvi I AkøxjZv eR©b Kiv
wgiv‡Ri cÖavb wkÿv n‡”Q DbœZ I ˆbwZK PwiÎevb nIqv, e¨wfPvi AZ¨šÍ Mwn©Z KvR, ZvB e¨wfPvi †_‡K wb‡R
weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges mgvR †_‡K GwU‡K g~‡jvrcvUb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hŠb D‡ËRK mKj cÖKvi m¤¢ve¨ c_ I Dcvq
Dcv`vb wejyß Ki‡Z n‡e| G cÖm‡½ m~iv ebx BmivB‡j Avjøøvn e‡jb-ÒGes †Zvgiv e¨wfPv‡ii wbKUeZ©x n‡qv bv,
Aek¨B Zv Akøxj KvR I g›` c_|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-32)
Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v eÜKiY
gvby‡li Rxeb Avjøøvni wbKU AZ¨šÍ cweÎ| ZvB Ab¨vqfv‡e gvbyl nZ¨v Kiv nvivg| ZvB, ïay Avjøøvn cÖ‡`q wbw`©ó
weavb e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y i³cvZ Kiv Pj‡e bv| Avjøøvn e‡jb- Ò†Zvgiv b¨vq m½Z KviY Qvov KvD‡K
nZ¨v Ki‡e bv Ges †h †KD Ab¨vqfv‡e wbnZ nq, Z‡e wbðqB Avwg Zvi DËivwaKvix‡K AwaKvi w`‡qwQ| †hb
Zviv nZ¨v m¤^‡Ü mxgv AwZµg bv K‡i|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-33)
GwZg-Amnvq‡`i m¤ú` fÿY
GwZ‡gi ab-m¤ú‡`i iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv cÖvß eq¯‹ gywgb‡`i KZ©e¨| hZw`b ch©šÍ bv Zviv wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z
cv‡i| ZZw`b Zv‡`i AwaKvi AÿzYœ ivLvi w`‡K we‡kl bhi w`‡Z n‡e| Avjøøvn e‡jb-ÒGwZ‡gi gvj fÿY I
¯úk© K‡iv bv| GKgvÎ Zvi Kj¨vY AvKv•ÿv Qvov mswkøó e¨w³i †hŠe‡b c`vc©Y Kiv ch©šÍ|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-34)
Iqv`v cvjb Kiv
AvR‡Ki AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZ‡Z K~UbxwZi bv‡g †h fÐvgx P‡j wgiv‡Ri G wkÿvi gva¨‡g Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
KviY gvbyl‡K Zvi cÖwZwU A½xKvi, Pzw³ I cÖwZkÖæwZi Rb¨ GKw`b Avjøøvni Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| G cÖm‡½
Avjøøvn e‡jb-ÒGes A½xKvic~Y© Ki| wbðqB A½xKvi m¤ú‡K© Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-34)
e¨emv bxwZ
wgiv‡Ri G wkÿv e¨emvq-evwYR¨, †jb‡`b I cY¨-µq-weµqKv‡j mwVKfv‡e IRb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î cwigvc
hš¿I wbf©yj n‡Z n‡e| G cÖm‡½ Avjøøvn e‡jb-Ò†g‡c †`qvi mgq c~Y© gv‡c †`‡e Ges mwVK `uvwocvjøøvq IRb
Ki‡e| GUv DËg, Gi cwigvY ïf|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj-35)
AnsKvi eR©b Kiv
wgiv‡Ri me©‡kl wkÿv n‡”Q gvbyl‡K Me©, AnsKvi mnKv‡i Pjv‡div Kiv Pj‡e bv| KviY Zvi AnsKvi bv cvi‡e
c„w_ex‡K we`xY© Ki‡Z, Avi bv cvi‡e Avmgvb‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z| G cÖm‡½ Avjøøvn e‡jb-Òc„w_ex‡Z AnsKvi I

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-66

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

`¤¢f‡i c`PviYv K‡iv bv| wbðqB Zzwg‡Zv f~c„ô‡K KLbB we`xY© cvi‡e bv Ges D”PZvq Zzwg KLbB ce©ZcÖgvY
n‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó
wkÿv_©xi KvR wgiv‡Ri cwiwPwZ Zz‡j aiæb|

ÔwgivRÕ Kx? wgiv‡Ri ivw·Z gnvbex (mv.) Avj-KziAv‡bi †Kvb& wgiv‡R gnvex (mv.) KqRb
†Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖZv¨v‡`k jvf m~ivq wgiv‡Ri bexi mv‡_ mvÿvZ K‡ib?
K‡ib? Av‡jvPbv G‡m‡Q?

mvims‡ÿc :
Avjøvn Zvqvjv Z`xq ivm~j‡K Zvi A‡jŠwKK wb`k©bv`x cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ c„w_exi mxgv‡iLv †_‡K Avi‡k Avwh‡gi
Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb| Zuv‡K RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœvgmn wekvj m„wóRM‡Zi Kz`iZ †`Lv‡bvi gva¨‡g Øx‡bi `vIqv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î
Pjgvb Kó-gywmeZ‡K cv‡q gvwo‡q Avjøvni ûKz‡gi Dci AwePj _vKvi †cÖiYv `vb K‡ib| wgiv‡Ri NUbvi ci
ciB wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g Zvi ev¯Íe ch©‡eÿY D™¢vwmZ nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.5

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| nhiZ AveyeKi (iv:)-†K wmÏxK Dcvwa †`qvi KviY n‡”Q, wZwb-
(K) gnvbex (mv.)-Gi m½x wQ‡jb (L) fÐ bex‡`i `gb K‡ib
(mv.) hvKvZ A¯^xKviKvix‡`i `gb K‡ib (N) wgiv‡Ri NUbvq wek¦vm ¯’vcb
2| beyqv‡Zi ‡Kvb mv‡j wgivR msNwUZ nq?
(K) `kg (L) Øv`k
(M) GKv`k (N) ·qv`k
3| wgiv‡Ri iv‡Î gnvbex g°v †_‡K †Kvb kn‡i Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb?
(K) g`xbvq (L) Zv‡qd
(M) K~dv (N) wdwjw¯Íb

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
cÖ‡dmi nvq`vi GKw`b wkÿv_x©‡`i GK A‡jŠwKK NUbvi weeiY †`b| ga¨vKl©Y kw³i e¨vcv‡i weÁv‡bi ¯úó
aviYvi A‡bK Av‡MB GKRb gnvgvbe c„w_ex I †mŠiRM‡Zi mxgv Qvwo‡q †h‡Z mÿg nb| A‡b‡KB G welqwU
wb‡q cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Q| wKš‘ Zuvi A‡jŠwKK G ågb wel‡q mgmvgwqK I cieZx© hy‡Mi A‡b‡Ki bvbv cÖ‡kœi Reve wZwb
ZvrÿwYK cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| weÁv‡bi Ava~wbK Avwe¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y Zuvi ‡mB ågY ev¯Íe m¤§ZB g‡b nq|
(K) wgivR A_© Kx? 1
(L) †Kvb Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wgiv‡Ri NUbv msMwVZ nq? 2
(M) DÏxc‡Ki NUbvi mv‡_ cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki †Kvb NUbvi wgj cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
(N) DÏxc‡Ki †kl jvBb Øviv Kx eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 4

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-67

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-3.6 gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi g`xbvq wnRiZ

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 g°v ‡_‡K g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi KviY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wnRi‡Zi NUbvejx I djvdj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 m‡ev©cwi gymwjg Rxeb I mgv‡R wnRi‡Zi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb |
gyL¨ kã wnRiZ, AvKvevi kc_, `viæb bv`Iqv, ÔmIiÕ cvnvo, myivKv Be‡b gv‡jK,
mnj I mynvBj

g`xbvevmx‡`i g‡a¨ Bmjvg cÖPvi

nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) hLb KzivBk‡`i wbKU BmjvgcÖPvi K‡i wbivk n‡jb ZLb wZwb Avi‡ei Ab¨vb¨
†Mv‡Îi †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ Bmjvg cÖPvi ïiæ K‡ib| n‡¾i mgq Avi‡ei wewfbœ †MvÎ n‡Z g°vq n‡¾i
D‡Ï‡k¨ Ges evwY‡R¨i R‡b¨ hviv AvmZ wZwb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Mgb K‡i Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡Zb| †m mgq gw`bvq
Avi‡ei `ywU weL¨vZ †MvÎ AvDm I LvRivR emevm Ki‡Zv| Zv‡`i Avw`evm wQj B‡q‡g‡b| AvDm I LvhivR
†Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ Zzgyj hy× PjwQj| AvDm I LvhivR †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv †kl bexi AvMg‡bi K_v RvbZ Ges Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zviv GKRb †bZvI mÜvb KiwQj| Zviv gw`bvi Bûw`‡`i gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z ‡c‡iwQj †h,
†kl bexi Avwef©v‡ei mgq mgvMZ|
evBqv‡Z AvKvev
AvKvevi kc_ ev evBqv‡Z AvKvev Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m Z_v Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î hyMvšÍKvix NUbv| ivm~j (mv.)
Gi cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v hLb weiƒc, AwaKvsk KzivBk hLb Zuvi Ici ÿzä, mn‡hvwMZvi mKj c_ iæ×, wVK ZLb
evBqv‡Z AvKvevi m~Î a‡i ivm~j (mv.) Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii GK AbyK~j cwi‡ek Lyu‡R †c‡jb| g°vi A`~‡i AvKvev
bvgK DcZ¨Kvq G kc_ AbywôZ nq| GR‡b¨ G‡K ÔAvKvevi kc_Õ e‡j|
1. beyq‡Zi `kg e‡l© n‡¾i w`b¸‡jv‡Z g°v †_‡K GKUz `~‡i AvKvev bvgK ¯’v‡b (eZ©gv‡b †hLv‡b ÔgmwR‡`
AvKvevÕ Aew¯’Z) Qq Rb †jvK e‡m K_vevZ©v ejwQj| nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡q Rvb‡Z
cvi‡jb, Zviv Bqvmwieevmx (gw`bv) LvhivR eskxq †jvK| n‡¾i †gŠmy‡g Zviv g°vq G‡m ïb‡Z †cj, gynv¤§`
bv‡g GK KzivBk beyqZcÖvß n‡q‡Qb| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Zv‡`i Bmjv‡gi wkÿv I mZ¨Zvi K_v eywS‡q w`‡jb|
Ae‡k‡l KziAv‡bi KZK¸‡jv AvqvZ cvV K‡i Zv‡`i Avjøøvni w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib| ZLb Zviv G‡K A‡b¨i w`‡K
ZvKvq Avi e‡j, †`L, Bûw`iv †hb Avgv‡`i Av‡MB Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi gh©v`vq Awfwl³ bv nq| GK_v e‡j Zviv
Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| GUvB AvKvevi cÖ_g evqvZ ev kc_|
2. beyq‡Zi GKv`k e‡l© n‡¾i mgq gw`bvi AvIm I LvhivR †Mv‡Îi ev‡iv Rb †jvK gnvbex (mv.) Gi mv‡_
mvÿvr K‡i Bmjv‡gi evqvZ MÖnY K‡ib| ¯^‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi mgq Zuv‡`i Av‡e`b Abyhvqx Øxwb AvnKvg wkÿv
‡`qvi Rb¨ gnvbex (mv.) Avgi Be‡b gvKZzg Ges gymqve (iv:) †K Zv‡`i mv‡_ †cÖiY K‡ib| Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m
G‡K wØZxq evqv‡Z AvKvev ev AvKvevi wØZxq kc_ ejv nq|
3. cÖ_g I wØZxq evqv‡Z AvKvevq †hme gywgb kc_ wb‡q g`xbvq wM‡q `vIqvZx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb,
gymqve (iv:) Zuv‡`i †bZv wQ‡jb| †m eQi gymqve (iv:) Gi nv‡Z eû †jvK gymjgvb nb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ Imv‡q`
Be‡b †nvhv‡qi Ges mv` Be‡b gyqvhI wQ‡jb| G `yÕe¨w³i Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y ebx Avãyj Avknv‡ji (Avgi
Be‡b mvweZ Qvov) mKj bibvix gymjgvb n‡q †M‡jb| Gfv‡e g`xbvq `ªæZMwZ‡Z Bmjvg we¯Í…Z n‡Z _v‡K| †m
eQi gw`bvq ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi myL¨vwZ e¨vcK cÖwmw× jvf K‡i| beyq‡Zi Øv`k e‡l© n¾ Kv‡djv ewa©Z nv‡i
g°vwfgy‡L iIqvbv K‡iwQj| Gn¾ Kvwdjvq Avbmvi gymwjg Ges Kvwdi‡`i weivU `j AskMÖnY K‡i| Gevi 73

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-68

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

Rb bvix cyiæl g°vq G‡m GK mv‡_ gnvbex (mv.) Gi nv‡Z AvKvev bvgK ¯’v‡b Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv Iqv`ve× n‡q
wb‡gœv³ wel‡q kc_ MÖnY K‡i:
1. Avgiv GK Avjøøvni Bev`Z-e‡›`Mx Kie, Zuv‡K e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv e¯‘ ev e¨w³‡K Avjøøvn e‡j ¯^xKvi
Kie bv, KvD‡K Avjøøvni mv‡_ kixK Kie bv|
2. Avgiv Pzwi, WvKvwZ Kie bv|
3. Avgiv e¨wfPv‡i wjß ne bv|
4. †Kv‡bv Ae¯’vqB Avgiv mšÍvb nZ¨v ev ewj`vb Kie bv|
5. Avgiv Kv‡iv cÖwZ wg_¨v‡ivc Kie bv, Kv‡i cÖwZ Acev` Av‡ivc Kie bv|
6. Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨K mrK‡g© Avjøøvni ivm~‡ji AbyMZ _vKe, †Kv‡bv b¨vq Kv‡R Zuvi Aeva¨ ne bv|
AvKvevi kc‡_i ¸iæZ¡
ivm~‡ji Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ wgkb wQj Bmjvg‡K weRqx wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kiv| Bmjvg‡K weRqx kw³ wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv
Kivi wfZ g~jZ iwPZ n‡qwQj AvKvevi kc‡_i ga¨ w`‡q| wb‡gœ Gi ¸iæ‡Z¡i wKQy w`K Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
K. AvKvevi kc‡_i †cÖwÿ‡Z ivm~j (mv.) gw`bvq Bmjvg cÖPviK †cÖiY K‡ib| ivm~j (mv.) Gi cvVv‡bv cÖwZwbwai
f~wgKvq gw`bvq e¨vcKfv‡e Bmjv‡gi cÖmvi NU‡Z _v‡K|
L. g°vi wbh©vwZZ gymwjg mgv‡Ri Rb¨ wbivc` GKwU Avkªq M‡o I‡V| AvKvevi kc‡_i gva¨‡g gw`bvevmxiv
gymjgvb‡`i mvwe©K wbivcËvi wbðqZv †`q| d‡j wbh©vZ‡bi m¤§yLxb gymjgvbiv wbivc` Avkªq¯’j iƒ‡c
gw`bv‡K MÖnY K‡i|
M. beyqvZ cÖvwßi ci gynv¤§` (mv.) wbivc‡` Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii my‡hvM cvbwb| AvKvevi kc‡_i gva¨‡g wbivc‡`
Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii †ÿÎ cÖ¯‘Z nq| gw`bv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB cieZx© mg‡q Bmjvg wek¦e¨vcx m¤cÖmvwiZ nIqvi
my‡hvM jvf K‡iwQj|
N. AvKvev wQj ivm~j (mv.) KZ…©K gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi f~wgKv ¯^iƒc| G kc‡_ AskMÖnYKvix ivm~j (mv.) †K gw`bvq
Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges Zuvi mvwe©K wbivcËvi wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gw`‡K g°vevmx‡`i wbh©vZb e„w× †c‡j ivm~j
(mv.) gw`bvevmx‡`i Avgš¿‡Y mvov w`‡q wnRiZ K‡ib|
KzivBk‡`i lohš¿ mfv : g°vi Kvwdiiv gymjgvb‡`i mvwe©K we‡ivwaZv I ÿwZ mva‡bi wbwg‡Ë mywPwšÍZ e¨e¯’v K‡i
†i‡LwQj| Kvwdiiv hLb †`Lj, gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Abymvixiv wbR wbR ab m¤ú`, hy×m¤¢vi, mšÍvb mš‘wZ wb‡q
g`xbvq P‡j hv‡”Q, Zv‡`i mv‡_ gw`bvi cÖfvekvjx AvIm I LvhivR †MÖvÎ i‡q‡Q, ZLb Zv‡`i g‡b fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨
fxwZi m„wó nq| D™¢~Z mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ KzivBk AKzivBk mKj †MÖv‡Îi †jvK‡`i GK mfvq Avgš¿Y Kiv
n‡qwQj| GKgvÎ KzivBk‡`i Ave‡` gvbvd [ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi] esk‡K Avgš¿Y Kiv nqwb| KzivBk‡`i G
loh‡š¿i K_v KziAv‡b D‡jøøL Av‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q- †n gynv¤§` (mv.), †m †Nvi wec‡`i K_v ¯§iY Ki, hLb Kvwdiiv
†Zvgv‡K ew›` K‡i ivL‡e, nZ¨v Ki‡e wKsev †Zvgv‡K (†`k †_‡K) †ei K‡i †`‡e- G wb‡q lohš¿ KiwQj
(Avbdvj, iæKz 4)
ZLb Avey Rvnj cÖ¯Íve Kij, Avgvi g‡Z Zv‡K Awej‡¤^ nZ¨v K‡i †djvB `iKvi, Z‡e GKv GKRb‡K nZ¨v
Ki‡j gyËvwje I nvwkg (Ave‡` gvbvd) es‡ki †jv‡Kiv nZ¨vKvix ev Zvi †Mv‡Îi Ici PovI n‡q cÖv‡Yi cwie‡Z©
cÖvY bvk Kivi †R` ai‡e| †mRb¨ Avgvi gZ n‡”Q, Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K †MvÎ †_‡K GK GKRb hyeK Zievwi wb‡q
gynv¤§`‡K AbymiY KiæK Ges my‡hvM †c‡j GKm‡½ AvNvZ K‡i nZ¨v K‡i †djyK| G Ae¯’vq Avgv‡`i g‡a¨
†Kv‡bv †MvÎB `j Qvov n‡Z cvi‡e bv| cÿvšÍ‡i, gynv¤§‡`i †MvÎ Avgv‡`i mK‡ji mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
†kvwYZcY (w`qvZ) hw` w`‡ZB nq, Z‡e Avgiv fvM-ev‡Uvqviv K‡i †`e| G cÖ¯ÍveB me©m¤§wZµ‡g M„wnZ nq|
gynv¤§` (mv.) †K nZ¨vi lohš¿
ivm~j (mv.) Zv‡`i G lohš¿ Rvb‡Z ‡c‡i Avjøøvni wb‡`©‡k Avey eKi (iv:) †K mv‡_ wb‡q gw`bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv
n‡jb| †h iv‡Z Kvwdiiv ivm~‡ji evmfeb †NivI K‡iwQj, †m iv‡ZB Zv‡`i Aj‡ÿ wb‡Ri weQvbvq nhiZ Avjx
(iv:) †K ïB‡q †i‡L †ei n‡q c‡ob| g°v n‡Z gw`bvi `~iZ¡ wQj cÖvq 200 gvBj| ivm~j (mv.) H iv‡ZB †ewk
`~i hvIqv wbivc` g‡b Ki‡jb bv, ZvB Zviv wZb w`b wZb ivZ g°vi A`~‡i ÔmIiÕ bvgK cvnv‡oi GKwU wbR©b
¸nvq AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i _v‡Kb| Avey Rvn‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ AvµgYKvixiv nhiZ‡K M„‡n bv †c‡q Zuvi †cQ‡b QzU‡jb|
BDwbU wZb c„ôv-69
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

wKš‘ Zviv †Kv_vI Zuv‡K †c‡jb bv| nhiZ wZb w`b D³ ¸nvq Ae¯’v‡bi ci PZz_© w`‡b †mLvb †_‡K †ei n‡q
Kvwdi‡`i MwZwewa jÿ¨ †i‡L AwZ mveav‡b wfbœ c‡_ gw`bvi w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡Kb|
hvÎvc‡_ wcÖq Rb¥f~wgi cv‡b ZvwK‡q AkÖæmRj bq‡b Mfxi ggZvq wZwb ej‡jb, Ôg°v! Avgvi wcÖq Rb¥f~wg g°v!
Avwg †Zvgvq fv‡jvevwm| wKš‘ †Zvgvi mšÍvbMY Avgv‡K ‡Zvgvi ‡Kv‡j _vK‡Z w`j bv| eva¨ n‡q †Zvgvq †Q‡o
Pjjvg| we`vq!Ó Gw`‡K KzivBkiv nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) †K bv †c‡q †NvlYv w`j, Ôgynv¤§` ev Avey eKi‡K ‡h e¨w³
ew›` K‡i Avb‡Z cvi‡e, Zv‡K GKkZ DU cyi¯‹vi †`qv n‡e|Ó cyi¯‹v‡ii Avkvq Zuv‡`i‡K aivi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB
Zuv‡`i †cQ‡b QzUj| nhiZ c‡_i g‡a¨ ‡ek K‡qKR‡bi †_‡K eo ai‡bi evavi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘
Avjøøvni AbyMÖ‡n mKj evav-wecwË AwZµg K‡i Zuviv 622 mv‡ji 24 †m‡Þ¤^i (12 iweDj AvDqvj) †mvgevi
gw`bvi DcK‡É Kzev cjøøx‡Z G‡m †cuŠ‡Qb| Gi wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨B nhiZ Avjx (iv:) I Kzevq G‡m Zuv‡`i mv‡_
wgwjZ nb| nhiZ Kzevq 4w`b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| wZwb †mLv‡b GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib| beyIqv‡Zi ci ivm~‡ji
nv‡Z wbwg©Z GUvB cÖ_g gmwR`| wZb w`b ci ïµevi gw`bvq wM‡q Dcw¯’Z nb| gw`bvevmx Avevj-e„×-ewYZv
Zuv‡K wecyj Drmv‡n mv`‡i MÖnY K‡ib|
gw`bvq bvbv †MvÎ bvbv `j| mevB wcÖqbex‡K AwZw_ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i †mŠfvM¨evb n‡Z PvBj| nhiZ †NvlYv
Ki‡jb, Avgvi DU †hLv‡b wM‡q †_‡g hv‡e, †mLv‡bB Avwg Ae¯’vb Kie| †`Lv †Mj ivm~‡ji enbKvix Kv‡mvqv
bvgK DUwU eby bv¾vi †Mv‡Îi gnjøøvq G‡m GwZg `yÕm‡nv`i mnj I mynvB‡ji RvqMvq nuvUz †M‡o e‡m coj|
nhiZ RvqMvwU wK‡b †mLv‡b gmwR‡`i beex wbg©vY Ki‡jb| Avi ZrmsjMœ Avey AvBqye Avbmvixi evmfe‡b
AvwZ‡_qZv MÖnY K‡ib| beyIq‡Zi 13Zg eQ‡i wnRi‡Zi NUbv N‡U| †m mgq gnvbex (mv.) Gi eqm n‡qwQj
53 eQi| g°v †_‡K gw`bvq nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi G mycwiKwíZ cÖ¯’vb‡K BwZnv‡m wnRiZ ejv nq| Zuvi G
wnRiZ‡K wPi¯§iYxq K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ 17 eQi ci wØZxq Lwjdv nhiZ Igi (iv:) Pv›`ª eQ‡ii cÖ_g gvm
gnii‡gi cÖ_g w`b (16 RyjvB) †_‡K wnRwi m‡bi cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
wnRi‡Zi KviY
Avj KziAv‡bi weei‡Y †`Lv hvq †h, wek¦ BwZnv‡mi †ewki fvM bex-ivm~jMYB wbR †`k †_‡K weZvwoZ
n‡qwQ‡jb| Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi c_ KuvUvq fiv; dzj weQv‡bv bq| iRbx hZB Mfxi nq, †mvbvjx Elvi Avwef©ve
ZZB wbKUeZx© nq| ZvB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, g°vq †Lv`v‡`ªvnx kw³i AvNvZ hLb Pi‡g I‡V ZLb mZ¨cwš’iv
gvZ…f~wgi ü`q wbsov‡bv fv‡jvevmv Z¨vM K‡i gw`bvq wnRiZ K‡iwQ‡jb| wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi †gvo Ny‡i
hvq| ZvB HwZnvwmK †Rv‡md †nj e‡jb- Hijrat is the greatest turning point in the history of Islam. G
wnRi‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q ivm~j (mv.) ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib| HwZnvwmK wc †K wnwÆ G cÖm‡½
e‡jb, The seer in him now recedes into the background and the practical man of politics comes to the fore.
K. gb¯ÍvwË¡K KviY
me©Kv‡jB Avw¤^qv‡q wKivg, ms¯‹viev`x gbxlx I gnvgvbeMY Rb¥f~wg‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk mgv‡jvPbv I we‡ivwaZvi
m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Qb| Avjøøvni bex ivm~j‡`i †ÿ‡Î †hgb G ixwZi e¨wZµg N‡Uwb, †Zgwb me©‡kl I me©‡kªô ivm~j
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi †ÿ‡ÎI G ixwZi e¨wZµg nqwb|
e×g~j aviYvq AvNvZ : wPivPwiZ AvPvi-Abyôvb, g~wZ©cyRv I c~e©cyiæl‡`i ag© eR©b K‡i Avjøøvni GKZ¡ev‡`i
Avnevb g°vi Kvwdi‡`i mZ¨ Mªn‡Y DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi Avcmnxb ZvInx‡`i †NvlYv Roev`x
Kyms¯‹viv”Qbœ KzivBk‡`i cÖvPxb ag©wek¦v‡mi g~‡j KzVvivNvZ nv‡b| GRb¨ Zv‡`i gb gvbwmKZvB `vqx| me©`v Zviv
Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡`i weiæ‡× `ykgwb‡Z †j‡M _vKZ| †cŠËwjKZvi weiæ‡× gnvbex (mv.)-Gi Zxeª cÖwZev‡`i
Kvi‡Y Kvwdi KzivBkiv Zuvi Ici iæó wQj|
AvwfRvZ¨ I AnsKvi : Bmjv‡gi mvg¨ I kvwšÍi evYx‡Z hLb iÿYvkxj weag©x KzivBk‡`i g¾vMZ AvwfRvZ¨ I
†KŠjxb¨ cÖ_v wQbœ-wew”Qbœ nevi Dcµg nq, ZLb Zviv w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) my¯úó †NvlYv K‡ib,
Ôesk, R‡b¥ ev †cŠ‡ivwn‡Z¨i Rb¨ gvbl †Kv‡bv we‡kl AwaKvi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ G †NvlYv KzivBk‡`i †KŠjxb¨

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-70

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

cÖ_vi wfZ Kuvwc‡q †`q| d‡j KzivBkiv Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi evYxevnK ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-†K wbg~©j Kivi Rb¨ lohš¿
ïiæ K‡i|
¯^v_©ev`x msNvZ : KzivBk‡`i Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi bex‡K †g‡b bv †bqvi Av‡iv GKwU cÖKU KviY wQ‡jv, Bmjvg
wbg©j, wb®‹jyl, mij I Rxebhvc‡bi †cªiYv †hvMvq| Avi Bmjv‡gi mij Abvo¤^i Rxeb hvc‡bi Avnevb g°vi
iæÿ Ges giæi `yišÍ mšÍvb‡`i cvkweK jvjmv, cvcvPvi, bvix wbh©vZb, e¨wfPvi, Kzmx` cÖ_v, g`¨cvb, Ryqv‡Ljv,
biewj cÖf…wZi g~‡j KzVvivNvZ K‡i| G‡Z Zviv Bmjvg, Bmjv‡gi bex I gymjgvb‡`i weiæ‡× Pig wnsmª iƒc aviY
K‡i| wnRi‡Zi †cQ‡b GUvI GKUv kw³kvjx KviY|
AvIm I LvhivR †MvÎ؇qi Avgš¿Y : gnvbexi AvMg‡bi c~e© mg‡q g`xbvi AvIm I LvhivR †MvÎØq RNb¨
Aš©Í؇›Ø wjß wQj| G m¤cÖ`vq؇qi g‡a¨ †h i³ÿqx Ôeyqvm hy×Õ K‡qK hyM a‡i PjwQj Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`vqB
jvfevb nqwb| G Ae¯’vq KjniZ AvIm I LvhivR m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ ga¨¯’Zv Ges kvwšÍ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z gw`bvi
evwm›`viv GKRb `„p‡PZv e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ †jv‡Ki AbymÜvb KiwQj| ZvB Zviv ivm~j (mv.)-†K wb‡R‡`i Kvw•ÿZ
¸Yvewjm¤úbœ e‡j Rvb‡Z †c‡q Zuv‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvq|
i‡³i Uvb : gvZ…Kyj I wcZ…Kzj Dfq w`K w`‡qB gw`bvevmxMY ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi cÖwZ mü`q I AvšÍwiK wQj|
ZvB †gngvb n‡q †mLv‡b wM‡q `vIqvZx Kvh©µg Pvjv‡bv mKj w`K w`‡q myweavRbK n‡e †f‡e ivm~j (mv.) Z_vq
wnRiZ K‡ib|
gymqv‡ei `vIqvZx Kvh©µg : Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ `v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) wnRi‡Zi GK eQi c~‡e© nhiZ
gymqve‡K Bqvmwi‡e †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| gymqv‡ei cÖPviYvq bex Kixg (mv.) m¤ú‡K© Z_vKvi Awaevmx‡`i fv‡jv
aviYv R‡b¥| wZwb †M‡j Bmjv‡gi cÖPviKvh© Av‡iv †ewk n‡e †f‡e wZwb gw`bv †h‡Z AvMÖnx nb|
L. evwn¨K KviY : wnRi‡Zi wKQz evwn¨K KviYI wQj, Zv wbgœiƒc-
KzivBk‡`i AZ¨Pvi : Avey Zvwje I Lvw`Rv (iv:)-Gi g„Zz¨i ci nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) I Bmjv‡gi mygnvb Av`‡k©i
GKvšÍ Abymvix‡`i‡K c~‡e©B KzivBk‡`i A‡bK AZ¨vPvi Drcxob †fvM Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| G AZ¨vPv‡ii d‡j wZwb
mvnvev‡q wKivgmn gw`bvq wnRi‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb|
nZ¨vi lohš¿ : KzivBkiv Bmjv‡gi AcÖwZnZ MwZ cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z me©cÖKvi †Póv K‡i e¨_© n‡h †kl ch©šÍ
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-†K nZ¨vi lohš¿ Avu‡U| Avjøøvn Zvqvjv c~‡e©B ivm~j (mv.)-†K Iqvnxi gva¨‡g Zv Rvwb‡q w`‡j
wZwb wnRi‡Zi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib|
BwZnvmwm× KviY: wek¦ BwZnv‡mi GKUv ¯^Ztwm× wbqg n‡jv- Prophets are not honoured in their own lands. G
m‡Z¨i wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb nhiZ gymv, Cmv, BDbym, b~n (Av)-mn A‡bK bex ivm~j| me©‡kl ivm~j nhiZ gynv¤§`
(mv.)-I GKB cwiYwZi wkKvi n‡q Zuvi †`kevmx AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi cÿ †_‡K cÖej evavi m¤§yLxb nb| G Kvi‡Y
wZwb wnRi‡Zi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib|
evwYwR¨K KviY : g°vi gymwjg e¨emvqxiv gw`bvi wbivc` Ae¯’vb †_‡K wmwiqvi mv‡_ Aeva evwYR¨ K‡i RxweKv
AR©‡b mÿg n‡e, Zv‡`i ciwbf©i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z n‡e bv, wnRi‡Zi †cQ‡b GUvI Ab¨Zg KviY|
AvKvevi kc_ : 620 Ges 621 wLª÷v‡ã AvKvevi kc‡_i d‡j eû gw`bvevmx Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| G‡Z gw`bvq
Bmjv‡gi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó nq Ges Zviv ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-†K †mLv‡b wnRi‡Zi Avgš¿Y Rvbvq|
g°vi cÖwZK~j RbgZ : gnvbex (mv.) †h wgkb wb‡q c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj GK`j
†hvM¨ †jv‡Ki, wb‡Ri wgkb mdj Ki‡Z wZwb hv‡`i AvbyK~j¨ jvf Ki‡eb, wKš‘ g°vq Avkvbyiƒc G ai‡Yi †jvK
ˆZwi bv nIqvq RbgZ cÖwZK~‡j cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y wZwb gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib|
wnRi‡Zi NUbv
wb‡`©kcÖvwß : nhiZ wReivCj (Av.)-Gi gva¨‡g wnRi‡Zi Av‡`k †c‡q ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) wnRiZ K‡ib| wnRi‡Zi
Av‡`k †cuŠQv‡bvi mgq wReivCj (Av) ej‡jb, AvR iv‡Z Avcwb kh¨vq hv‡eb bv| wZwb wVK `ycy‡i wmÏx‡K
AvKei (iv:)-†K wnRi‡Zi msev` †`b| iv‡Z Avey Rvnj cÖgyL KzivBk `ye©„Ë A¯¿k‡¯¿ mw¾Z n‡q Zuvi M„n †eó
K‡i `uvovq| wZwb nhiZ Avjx‡K wb‡Ri weQvbvq Pv`‡i †X‡K ïB‡q w`‡q KziAv‡bi GKwU AvqvZ- †ZjvIqvZ
Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †ei n‡q hvb| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Ni †Q‡o hvIqvi cÖv°v‡j Kvwdi‡`i Ici GK gywó gvwU wQwU‡q w`‡q
BDwbU wZb c„ôv-71
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mK‡ji Aj‡ÿ¨ Avey eKi (iv:)-Gi M„‡n P‡j hvb Ges Zuv‡K wb‡q g°vi wZb gvBj `~ieZ©x mIi ce©Z ¸nvq
mvgwqK Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib| hvIqvi mgq nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:)-Gi cyÎ Ave`yjøvn, Kb¨v Avmgv I Avwqkv‡K
e‡j †M‡jb, Zviv †hb cÖwZw`b mܨviv‡Z Pzwc Pzwc cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ cvwV‡q †`q| gnvbex (mv.) wZb w`b mIi
¸nvq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| ¸nvi gy‡L ZvrÿwYKfv‡e Avjøøvni wb‡`©‡k gvKomv Rvj ey‡b, cvwL evmv †eu‡a wWg cv‡o|
Kvwdiiv ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi AbymÜv‡b ¸nvi gyL ch©šÍ G‡m cyi‡bv ¸nv g‡b K‡i wd‡i hvq|
cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv : KzivBk ex‡iiv w`wM¦w`K Qz‡UvQzwU K‡i gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi AbymÜv‡b nšÍ`šÍ n‡q wdi‡Z jvMj|
KzivBk †bZviv †NvlYv Kij, gynv¤§` A_ev Avey eKi‡K †h e¨w³ ew›` K‡i Avb‡Z cvi‡e Zv‡K GKkZ DU
cyi¯‹vi †`qv n‡e| gy`‡jR †Mv‡Îi myivKv Be‡b gv‡jK bvgK GK Ak¦v‡ivnx hyeK ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) (mv.)-Gi mÜvb
†c‡q m`je‡j AvµgY Ki‡Z AMÖmi nq, wKš‘ Kx Avðh©! myivKv hLbB wbKUeZ©x n‡q‡Q, Agwb Zvi A‡k¦i m¤§yL
c`Øq a~wjM‡f© †cÖvw_Z n‡q hvq| †m fxZ n‡q c‡o| Ae‡k‡l ÿgv cÖv_©bv K‡i Iqv`v K‡i, †m Avi ivm~‡ji wcQz
avIqv Ki‡e bv| †m wZbevi P~ovšÍ †Póv Pvwj‡qI ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-†K ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
mv`i Af¨_©bv : ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) gw`bvq ïfvMgb Ki‡Qb, c~e©v‡ý G msev` †c‡q gw`bvevmx cÖwZw`b cÖZz¨‡l I‡V
bMi cÖvšÍ‡i G‡m m~‡h©i wKiY cÖLi bv nIqv ch©šÍ Avkv-AvKv•ÿvq D‡ØwjZ wP‡Ë gnvbex (mv.)-Gi AvMgb
cÖZxÿvq e‡m _vK‡Zb| Ab¨w`‡bi b¨vq iweDj AvDqvj gv‡mi 12 Zvwi‡Li cÖZxÿvi ci N‡i wdiwQ‡jb| Ggb
mgq R‰bK Bûw` `y‡M©i Ici †_‡K †`L‡Z †cj GK †QvÆ Kvwdjv gw`bv cv‡b AMÖmi n‡”Q| Zvi eyS‡Z evwK iBj
bv| ZrÿYvr †m D”Pt¯^‡i wPrKvi K‡i I‡V, gw`bvevmx gymwjgiv cÖ¯‘Z nI, †Zvgv‡`i bex Avm‡Qb| B‡Zvg‡a¨
Avgi Be‡b AvId D”Pt¯^‡i ZvKexi aŸwb †`b| mv‡_ mv‡_ mevB ÔAvjøøvû AvKeviÕ aŸwb w`‡Z jvMj| †m
ZvKex‡ii AvIqv‡h †MvUv kni gyLwiZ n‡q I‡V Ges Avb‡›`i eb¨v e‡q hvq| mevB Af¨_©bvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡q
webq mnKv‡i ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nq|
gmwR‡`i wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb : gw`bv †_‡K wZb gvBj `~‡i †h DuPz emwZ i‡q‡Q Zv‡K ÔAvwjqvÕ ev Kzev ejv nq|
GLv‡b Avbmvi‡`i eû cwievi emevm Ki‡Zv| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †mLvbKvi Avgi Be‡b AvId †Mv‡Îi Kzjmyg Be‡b
†n`vg-Gi N‡i 14 w`b Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges GLv‡b Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g gmwR‡`i wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb K‡ib|
gw`bvwfgy‡L hvÎv : Be‡b AvId †Mv‡Îi Kzjmyg Be‡b wn`v‡gi N‡i 44 w`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)
gw`bvwfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| G mgq KvmIqv bvgK D‡Ui Ici mIqvi wQ‡jb| †m w`b wQj ïµevi| cðv‡Z wQ‡jb
Avey eKi (iv:)| DU mvg‡b GwM‡q Pj‡Z jvMj, f³e„›` Zuvi cðv‡Z †kªwYe×fv‡e bviv‡q ZvKexi ÔAvjøøvû
AvKeviÕ aŸwb‡Z wgwQj mnKv‡i ax‡i ax‡i AMÖmi n‡Z jvM‡jb| ÔAvjøøvû AvKeviÕ aŸwb‡Z AvKvk evZvm gyLwiZ
nw”Qj| wKQz `~i AMÖmi n‡q wZwb ebx mvwjg †Mv‡Îi gnjøøvq DcbxZ nb| GLv‡b ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) GKk Rb mvnvex
wb‡q RygyAvi mvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib| GUvB Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g RygyAvi mvjvZ|
wnRi‡Zi mb-ZvwiL : beyq‡Zi ·qv`k eQ‡i wnRiZ msNwUZ nq| †m mgq gnbex (mv.)-Gi eqm 53 eQi|
mdj gv‡mi †k‡l iweDj AvDqv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K †mvgevi w`b wZwb g°v Z¨vM K‡ib| †mvgevi A_ev ïµevi 12
iweDj AvDqvj wZwb Kzevq †cuŠQvb| †mLv‡b 4 w`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci ïµevi gw`bv kn‡ii w`‡K hvÎv K‡ib| †m
w`bB we‡K‡j Avey AvBDe Avbmvix (iv:)-Gi M„‡n Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib|
wnRi‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ I djvdj
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi wnRiZ ev g°v Z¨vM K‡i gw`bvq Mgb GKwU mvaviY NUbv e‡j g‡b n‡jI Bmjv‡gi
BwZnv‡m Gi ¸iæZ¡ AZzjbxq| wc †K wnwÆi fvl¨g‡Z, wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g g°x Rxe‡bi Aemvb Ges gv`vbx Rxe‡bi
m~Pbv nq|
ag©xq ¸iæZ¡ : wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g gw`bvq Bmjvg GKwU me©Rbxb iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i msL¨vwi‡ôi Rxebe¨e¯’vq Ges
gw`bv gymjgvbv‡`i ivR‰bwZK cÖvY‡K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq| G gw`bv bMix ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi RxeÏkvq I Lyjvdv‡q
ivwk`vi Avg‡j Bmjvgx cÖRvZ‡š¿i †K›`ªxq ivRavbx wQj| GLv‡b G‡m gnvbex (mv.) ïay m¤§vwbZ †gngvbiæ‡cB
m¤^wa©Z nbwb; eis Kvjµ‡g wZwb Bmjvgx cÖRvZ‡š¿iI cÖavb n‡jb| gw`bvq Bmjvg w`b w`b kw³kvjx n‡Z
jvMj| GZw`b ci ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi Z¨vM-wZwZÿv I mvabv ¯^v_©KZvq iæc †bq|
ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ : gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi ci µgvš^‡q ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) GKRb ev¯Íeev`x weÁ ivRbxwZwe` wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ n‡q I‡Vb| wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g gw`bvq ivR‰bwZK HK¨ m„wó nq| d‡j †mLv‡b †h cÖRvZš¿ cÖwZwôZ nq Zv

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-72

I‡cb ¯‹zj Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ 1g cÎ

fwel¨Z e„nËi Bmjvgx mgvR MV‡b mnvqK nq| G m¤^‡Ü wc †K wnwÆ e‡jb, ÒnhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)-Gi `k©b Zuvi
Rxe‡bi cUf~wgKvq w¯’wZ jvf Kij, Avi †R‡M DVj ivRbxwZi ev¯Íe Rxeb|Ó HwZnvwmK Avgxi Avjx e‡jb,
wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g gnvbex (mv.) Avjøøvni Av‡`k cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
mvgvwRK ¸iæZ¡ : gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi ci ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) mgvR ms¯‹viK wn‡m‡e wecyj K…wZZ¡ AR©b K‡ib|
me©cÖKvi mgvR-we‡ivax Kvh©Kjvc eÜ K‡i wZwb `vm cÖ_v †jvc, we‡q, ZvjvK I DËivwaKvi AvBb cÖf…wZ mvgvwRK
AvBb-Kvbyb cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wZwb GKwU bZzb mvgvwRK wbivcËv weavb Ges cvwivevwiK msMVb wbg©vY K‡ib, hv
c~‡e©i mKj weavb I mgvR msMVb A‡cÿv DbœZZi wQj| wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡gB ivm~j (mv.) ivóªbvqK I mgvR
ms¯‹viK wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ nb Ges mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡i †kªô‡Z¡i Avmb Aj¼„Z K‡ib|
hyMvšÍKvix NUbv : gw`bvq wnRiZ gnvbex (mv.)-Gi Rxe‡bi GK †gvo cwieZ©bKvix NUbv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| Gi
d‡j Zuvi mvdj¨ I weR‡qi be w`MšÍ D‡b¥vwPZ nq| HwZnvwmK wnwÆ e‡jb- The Hijrat, with which the
Makkan period ended and the Madinese period began, proved a turning-point in the life of Muhammad,
leaving the city of his birth as a despised Prophet, he entered the city of his adoption as an honurded chief.
wnRi‡Zi ci ciB gynv¤§` (mv.) gw`bvq gymwjg‡`i wgjb‡K›`ª gmwR‡` beex cÖwZôv K‡ib|
Bmjvg cÖPv‡i my‡hvM-myweav jvf : g°vq Ae¯’vbKv‡j ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) g°vevmx‡`i AeY©bxq †Rvi-Ryjyg mn¨
K‡iwQ‡jb, wKš‘ wnRi‡iZ d‡j wZwb Zv‡`i bvMv‡ji evB‡i G‡m ¯^vaxbfv‡e Bmjvg cÖPvi Kivi my‡hvM jvf
K‡ib| GLv‡b Zuvi wb‡Ri GgbwK Abymvix‡`iI wbivcËvi †Kv‡bvB wPšÍv wQj bv| ZvB wZwb wbwð‡šÍ Bmjv‡gi
cÖPvi Pvwj‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jb|
ivóª msMVb : gw`bvq gnvbex (mv.) me©cÖ_g †MvÎxq Kjn I me©cªKvi ؇›Øi Aemvb NwU‡q me †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ GKZv
¯’vcb Ki‡Z GKwU iv‡óªi †MvovcËb K‡ib| Kvjµ‡g G‡K †K›`ª K‡iB wek¦‡Rvov Bmjvgx mvgªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) becÖwZwôZ gw`bv iv‡óªi cÖavb g‡bvbxZ nb|
mb` cÖeZ©b : gw`bvq wnRiZ K‡i ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) eyS‡jb, gw`bvi wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK‡`i åvZ…Z¡ e܇b Ave×
Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ e¨_© n‡e| ZvB wZwb GKwU wewae× mb` cÖeZ©b K‡ib| G mb‡` cÖ‡Z¨K m¤cÖ`v‡qi
m‡hvM-myweav I ¯^v_© wbwðZ Kiv nq| BwZnv‡m GwU gw`bv mb` bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges c„w_exi BwZnv‡m GwUB cÖ_g
wjwLZ msweavb wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z|
Kj‡ni Aemvb : gnvbex (mv.)-Gi wnRi‡Zi ci gw`bvi wee`gvb mKj †Mv‡Îi Ø›ØKj‡ni Aemvb N‡U| gnvbex
(mv.)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIm I LvhivRmn mKj †MvÎ Kjnweev`, wnsmv-we‡Øl fz‡j HK¨ I åvZ…‡Z¡i e܇b Ave×
nq|
AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b Bmjvg : gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi d‡j Bmjvg AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| `~Z gvidZ we‡k¦i
wewfbœ ivRb¨e‡M©i wbKU gnvbex (mv.) Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ cÖPv‡ii my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|
wnRix mb cÖeZ©b : wnRiZ‡K †K›`ª K‡iB cieZ©xKv‡j nhiZ Igi (iv:) Gi kvmbvg‡j wnRix m‡bi cÖeZ©b Kiv
nq hv wnRi‡Zi NUbvi ¯§viK wn‡m‡e hyM hyM a‡i gvbe RvwZ‡K Avjøvni wb‡`©k cvj‡b Z¨v‡Mi gwngvq D™¢vwmZ
Ki‡e|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wnRiZ m¤ú‡K ©GKwU mswÿß aviYv w`b|

wnRiZ k‡ãi A_ wnRi‡Zi mgq gnvbex (mv.)Gi wnRi‡Zi mv‡_ †Kvb wnRiZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i †Kvb
Kx©? mdim½x †K wQ‡jb? ¸nvi bvg m¤úwK©Z? mv‡ji D™¢e nq ?
mvims‡ÿc :
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) g°v †_‡K wnRiZ K‡i gw`bvq AvMg‡bi ci Zuvi bZzb Rxeb ïiæ nq| Zuvi Rxe‡bi G
Aa¨vq LyeB NUbv eûj| g°vq _vKvKvjxb mg‡q wZwb ïay ag©cÖPvi‡Ki f~wgKvq wQ‡jb| Avi gw`bvq G‡m wZwb
ivóªbvq‡Ki gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| d‡j Bmjvg‡K ivóªxqfv‡e cÖwZôvi my‡hvM cvb| Bmjv‡gi mvgvwRK b¨vq-bxwZ
cÖwZôv K‡ib| G mg‡q wZwb GKvav‡i ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡, mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi, A_©‰bwZK bxwZ-wba©viY, wkÿv-
ms¯‹…wZ I bZzb mf¨Zvi †MvovcËb K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ ag©xq Abykvmb cÖwZôvq hyMvšÍKvix c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z
mÿg nb|
BDwbU wZb c„ôv-73
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.6

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| g°vi Kvwdiiv Kvi †bZ…‡Z¡ hyeK‡`i‡K w`‡q gynv¤§` (mv.)-†K nZ¨vKvix `j MVb K‡i?
(K) Avey Rvnj (L) IZev
(M) kvqev (N) Avey mywdqvb
2| Avi‡ei `ywU weL¨vZ †MvÎ AvDm I LvhivR †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ wQj-
(K) eÜzZ¡ (L) ˆgÎxfve
(M) Pig kÎæZv (N) Zzgyj hy×
3| gnvbex (mv.)-Gi gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi gva¨‡g `~i nq-
i. g°v Rxe‡bi jvÃbv ii. Aegvbbv iii. fq fxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii (M) iii (N) i, ii I iii

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
im~jcy‡ii †PŠa~ix I cvUIqvix es‡ki g‡a¨ `xN©w`b hver weev` P‡j AvmwQj| weev`gvb wmjwmjv Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨
†Kv›`j, †ilv‡iwl, DMÖfvev‡e‡M mgvR KjywlZ n‡q c‡owQj| G mgq myjvBgvb kg‡mix D³ GjvKvq AvMgb K‡i
mKj esk I Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ we‡f`-†Kv›`j `~i Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU kvwšÍ Pzw³ cÖYqb K‡ib| G‡Z im~jcy‡i ¯’vqx
kvwšÍ, k„•Ljv I åvZ…Z¡‡eva cÖwZwôZ nq|
(K) gnvbex (mv.) KZ mv‡j wnRiZ K‡ib? 1
(L) ivm~j (mv.) I Zuvi cwiev‡ii wMwi msK‡Ui Aemvb NUj wKfv‡e? 2
(M) myjvBgvb mv‡n‡ei Pzw³bvgv Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
(N) kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq myjvBgvb kg‡mixi f~wgKv †Zvgvi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.1 : 1. (K) 2. (K) 3. (K)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.2 : 1. (K) 2. (L) 3. (M)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.3 : 1. (M) 2. (K) 3. (N)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.4 : 1. (K) 2. (N) 3. (K)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.5 : 1. (N) 2. (M) 3. (N)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.6 : 1. (K) 2. (M) 3. (N)

BDwbU wZb c„ôv-74