UNDERSTANDING

THE FILIPINO WORKER

AND ORGANIZATION

Editors

Ma. Regina M. Hechanova

Mendiola Teng-Calleja
Vanessa C. Villaluz

j^Cpj ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY PRESS

 CONTENTS

Foreword ix
Preface xi

Chapter 1. POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND

CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Edna P. Franco 1
The Changing Work Landscape 2
The Impact of Globalization, Technology, and Economic: 3
The Phüippine Economic and Business Environment 4
Organization' Response« to External Forces 5
Employees' Response 5
The New Organizational Context 5
Changing Landscape and the Filipino Worker . 6
Changes in the Workplace 7
How Filipino Workers Feel about the Changes 8
Three Different Scenarios for Filipino Organization in a Globalized World 9
Reflections on the Paradoxes of the Changing Work Landscape 10
Filipino Work Values 11
Implications 15

Chapter 2. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Melva M. Diamante 20
Definitions of Organizational Culture 20
The Importance of Organizational Culture 21
Categories of Organizational Culture 22
Organizational Culture in the Philippines 25
Management of Organizational Culture 29
Implications 32

Chapter 3. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Alfred A. Presbitero and Farida R. Parigan 36
Forms of Organization Structure 36
Factors Influencing Organization Structure 38
A Closer Look at the Organization Structure of Family Businesses 38
Organizing Structures in the Dynamic and Fastest Growing
Outsourcing and Offshoring Industry 39
Leveraging on Matrix Organization to Improve Organizational
Effectiveness in a Professional Services Firm 41
Implications 42

Chapter 4. ATTRACTION AND SOCIALlZATION

Emily Ann I. Lombos 45
Attraction-Selection-Attrition Framework 46
What Makes Organizations Attractive? 46
What Do Filipinos Look for in a Job? 47
Recruitment 48
Employee Selection 52
Organization Socialization 53
Implications 60

Chapter 5. PROMOTING LEARNING IN FILIPINO ORGANIZATION 66

Jenny C. See and Patricia Katrina V. Fernandez
Defining Learning 66
How do Adults Learn? 66
What are Learning Styles? 67
Learning Methods 69
Strategie Training and Development 73
Developing Learning Organizations 74
Implications 78

Chapter 6. MOTIVATION
Ma. Ligaya M. Menguito 83
An Overview of Western Theories of Motivation 83
Understanding Filipino Work Motivation 85
The Needs of the Filipino Worker 87
Implications 90

Chapter 7. PRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES

Amanda Luz P. Angeles and Gail Michelle N. Llanto 95
Productive Attitudes 95
Productive Behaviors 97
Shaping Productive Work Attitudes and Behaviors among Filipino Employees 100
Implications 103

Chapter 8. PERFORMANCE AND TALENT MANAGEMENT

Ma. Regina M. Hechanova, John Paul P. Villanueva,
Amanda Luz P. Angeles, and Gail Michelle N. Llanto 107
Retaining Filipino Workers 107
Job Performance 108
Performance Management 109
Talent Management 113
Differentiating Talent Management and Human Resources Management 118
Implications 119

Chapter 9. COUNTERPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS

Emerald Jay D. Ilac and Helen C. Salvosa 121
An Overview of Western Literature 121
Counterproductive Behavior in Philippine Organizations 122
Dealing with Counterproductive Behaviors 130
Implications 130

CHAPTER 10. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Glody T. Reyes 134
Occupational Stress 134
Occupational Health and Stress Among Filipino Workers 137
Occupational Health Concems in Call Center Work 138
Gender and Occupational Health 139
Work-Life Balance 139
Promoting and Ensuring Occupational Health 140
Implications 142
Chapter 11. MANAGING CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATIONS
Brenda S. Batistiana, Josephine P. Perez, and Mendiola Teng-Calleja 145
Definitions of Conflict 145
Typologies of Conflict 148
Studies on Organizational Conflict 149
Conflict Management Styles 151
Forms of Conflict Interventions 152
Implications 155

Chapter 12. LEADERSHIP

Horacio M. Borromeo, Jr. 159
What is a Leader and What is Leadership? 159
Why is the Study of Leadership Important Today? 160
Purpose and Function of Leadership 160
Leadership Theories and Models 161
Culture and Leadership 166
Leadership Studies in Asia and the Philippines 167
Family Orientation in Asian Organizations: A Leader's Challenge 168
Leading Family Corporations 170
Leadership in Non-profit Organizations 171
Implications 174

Chapter 13. COMMUNICATION IN FILIPINO ORGANIZATIONS

Jan Bernadas and Jaime Manuel Q. Flores 179
Organizational Communication and Internal Communication 180
Elements of Communication as Applied to Organizations 180
Modes of Communication 186
Communication Style 187
Organizational Communication Theories and their Practica! Applications 187
Implications 190

Chapter 14. TEAM EFFECTIVENESS

Mendiola Teng-Calleja and Cristina A. Alafriz 194
What are Work Teams? 194
Types of Work Teams 195
Stages of Team Development 195
Team Effectiveness 196
A Model of Work Team Effectiveness in the Philippines 199
Developing EfFective Teams 202
Implications 205

Chapter 15. ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION

Ma. Regina M. Hechanova 209
Five Pillars of OD , 209
OD Process 211
OD in the Philippines 214
Innovation 218
Enabling Innovation 218
Implications 221..

Special Topic 1. GENERATIONS IN THE WORKPLACE

Mendiola Teng-Calleja 225
Characteristics of the Three Generations .' 225
Work Values 226 ; :
Managing the Three Generations in the Workplace 227
Special Topic 2. MANAGING EXPATRIATES
Jen Panaligan-Taghoy 230
Ihe Globalization of Employment 230
Expatriate Adjustment 230
Expatriate Selection 230
Expatriate Management 231
Expatriate Management in the Philippines 232

Special Topic 3. WOMEN AND GENDER ISSUES

Vivien T. Supangco 235
Gender and Performance 235
Gender and Job Satisfaction 236
Gender and Absenteeism 236
Gender and Turnover 236
Gender Issues in the Philippine Workplace 237
Implications 238

Special Topic 4. ETHICS AND CORRUPTION

IN PHILIPPINE ORGANIZATION
Roberto Martin N. Galang 241
Defining Organizational Corruption 241
Socio-Cultural Aspects of Organizational Corruption 241
Administrative Aspects of Corruption 242
Organizational Corruption Research in the Philippine Context 243
Areas for Further Investigation 245

Special Topic 5. SPIRITUALITY IN THE WORKPLACE

Benito L. Teehankee 250
Review of Western Theories 250
Philippine Literature on Workplace Spirituality 251
Case Examples 252
Implications 253

Special Topic 6. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Francisco L. Roman and Marie Kirstin C. De Jesus 256
Definition 256
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines 258
CSR and SME Development 258
CSR and the Supply Chain of Large Firms 259
Implications 260

TEACHING CASES 263

Cool or Cold at the Top? by Maria Victoria T. Cortez 263
When it's Not All About the Money by Francis D. Dacanay and Kristine Nahagas 266
Donna s Headache by Krizxia Agtarap and Helen C. Salvosa 269
Disgruntled Dealers by Maria Victoria T. Cortez 273
Creating Future Filipino Business Leaders by Johann N. Trinidad 277
Ihe Wrong Kind of Communication by Ma. Regina M. Hechanova 278
A Collapse in Execution by Timothy G. Liong 279
Electra Manufacturing by Ma. Regina M. Hechanova and Renee Ann L. Ortega-Go 284
Different Strokes for Different Folks by Barbara Cristina Pineda-Trivette 289

Bibliography 292
About the Editors and Contributors 323
Index 331