Present Perfect: How Long Have / Has + PP + for / since

Present Perfect: How Long Have / Has + PP + for / since

A. Dialogue 1: At Dinner

Rachel: I heard Kate plans to quit her job next month.

Ian: Really? How long has she worked there?
Rachel: She has worked there for five years.
Ian: That’s a very long time. Why does she want to quit?
Rachel: She can’t stand her new manager.

 Vocabulary
1. quit, verb, to stop doing something or leave a job or a place 停止；離開；辭職；放棄
- I’m going to quit smoking.
- Would you quit your job if you won the lottery?
- Press Q to quit the program.

2. stand, verb, to successfully accept or bear something that is unpleasant or difficult 承受，
忍受
- I can’t stand hearing her cry.
- Personally, I can’t stand her.
- How can you stand your boss’ bad temper?

B. Dialogue 2: At a Movie Theater

Brandon: Where is Marlena? The movie is about to start.

Fin: Yeah. How long have we waited for her?
Brandon: We have waited for her for 40 minutes. It feels like 40 hours.
Fin Let me give her a call.

 Vocabulary
1. be about to do something, to be going to do something very soon 剛要…；即將…
- We were just about to leave when it rained.
- She looked as if she was about to cry.
- The train’s about to leave. Hurry up!

C. Dialogue 3: At a Class Reunion

Deena: Taylor! Is that you? I haven’t seen you for a long time!
Taylor: Hello Deena! What a small world.
Deena: I know. How long has it been since we graduated?
Taylor: We graduated high school in 2006. So, it has been over 15 years since we last met.
Deena: Now I feel super old. But it’s good to see you. We should catch up!

 Vocabulary
1. graduate, noun & verb, a person who has finished their school, college, or university
education [informal grad] 畢業生；to complete school, college, or university successfully

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Present Perfect: How Long Have / Has + PP + for / since

畢業（於）
- Jack’s son is a Harvard graduate with a degree in psychology.
- There are numerous opportunities for young graduates.
- After he graduated from high school, he joined the Army.
- Both their children graduated with degrees in economics.
2. catch somebody up on something, phrasal verb, to find out about things that have
happened 了解最新情況
- I’ll leave you two alone – I’m sure you’ve got a lot of catching up to do.
- When I got home I phoned Jo to catch up on all the gossip.
- We spent the evening catching up (on each other’s news).
- Can someone catch me up on what’s happened?

D. Dialogue 4: In the Mountains

Paul: It feels so good to go hiking in the morning. I haven’t gone hiking for a long time.
Tara: I agree. The air is so fresh.
Paul: I’m getting hungry. How long have we been here?
Tara: Me too. We have been here since 7 am. My stomach is grumbling.
Paul: What? It has been four hours since we came here. Let’s go grab a bite!

 Vocabulary
1. fresh, adj., (of air) clean and cool; found outside rather than in a room（空氣）清新的，
新鮮的
- Let’s go out and get some fresh air.
- I opened the window to let some fresh air in.
- I love fresh mountain air.

2. stomach, noun, an organ in the body where food is digested, or the soft front part of
your body just below the chest
- The doctor asked him to lie down on his stomach.
- He was punched in the stomach.
- Seeing blood always turns my stomach (= makes me feel as if I am going to vomit).

3. grumble, verb, to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way 發牢騷，抱

怨，嘟囔；If your stomach grumbles, it makes a low, continuous noise, usually because
you are hungry.
- She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job.
- Farmers are always grumbling about the weather.

4. grab, verb, to take the opportunity to get, use, or enjoy something quickly 抓住，利用（機
會做某事）；（借機）趕緊…
- Let’s just grab a quick bite.
- We’d better get there early, or someone else will grab the best seats.
- If you don’t grab this opportunity, you might not get another one.
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