Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Trigonometric Equation

BRAHMASTRA
FINAL REVISION MODULE BEFORE EXAMINATION

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Trigonometric Equation

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION
THINGS TO REMEMBER

  
1. If sin  = sin    = n  + (1)n  where     ,  , n  I .
 2 2
2. If cos  = cos    = 2 n  ±  where   [0 , ] , n  I .
  
3. If tan  = tan    = n  +  where    ,  , n  I .
 2 2
4. If sin²  = sin²    = n  ± .
5. cos²  = cos²    = n  ± .

6. tan²  = tan²    = n  ± . [ Note :  is called the principal angle ]

TYPES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

(a) Solutions of equations by factorizing. Consider the equation;

(2 sin x  cos x) (1 + cos x) = sin² x ; cotx – cosx = 1 – cotx cosx
(b) Solutions of equations reducible to quadratic equations. Consider the equation:
3 cos² x  10 cos x + 3 = 0 and 2 sin2x + 3 sinx + 1 = 0
(c) Solving equations by introducing an Auxilliary argument. Consider the equation :
sin x + cos x = 2 ; 3 cos x + sin x = 2 ; secx – 1 = ( 2 – 1) tanx
(d) Solving equations by Transforming a sum of Trigonometric functions into a product.
Consider the example : cos 3 x + sin 2 x  sin 4 x = 0 ;
sin2x + sin22x + sin23x + sin24x = 2 ; sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x
(e) Solving equations by transforming a product of trigonometric functions into a sum.
Consider the equation:
sin 6x
sin 5 x . cos 3 x = sin 6 x .cos 2 x ; 8 cosx cos2x cos4x = ;
sin x
sin3 = 4sin sin2 sin4
(f) Solving equations by a change of variable:
(i) Equations of the form of a . sin x + b . cos x + d = 0 , where a , b & d
are real numbers a , b  0 can be solved by changing sin x & cos x
into their corresponding tangent of half the angle. Consider the equation
3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5.
(ii) Many equations can be solved by introducing a new variable. eg. the equation
sin4 2 x + cos4 2 x = sin 2 x . cos 2 x changes to
 1
2 (y + 1)  y   = 0 by substituting, sin 2 x . cos 2 x = y.
 2

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(g) Solving equations with the use of the Boundness of the functions sin x & cosx or by
making two perfect squares. Consider the equations:
 x   x 
sin x  cos  2sin x  + 1  sin  2cos x  . cos x = 0 ;
 4   4 
4 11
sin2x + 2tan2x + tanx – sinx + =0
3 12

TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES

There is no general rule to solve a Trigonometric inequations and the same rules of algebra
are valid except the domain and range of trigonometric functions should be kept in mind.
Consider the examples:
 x  1
log 2  sin  < – 1; sin x  cos x   < 0 ; 5  2sin 2x  6sin x 1
 2  2

SOLVED EXAMPLE
1. Find the general values of x and y satisfying the equations
5 sin x cos y = 1, 4 tan x = tan y [JEE '98, 3]

Sol. 5 sin x cos y = 1 …..(1)

&
4 tan x = tan y  4sin x cos y  sin ycos x
4
 from (1), sin y cos x  …..(2)
5
1 4
 sin(x  y)  sin x cos y  cos x sin y    1
5 5

 x  y  n  (1) n …..(3)
2
&
1 4 3
 sin(x  y)  sin x cos y  cos x sin y   
5 5 5
 3 
 x  y  m  (1)m  ,   sin 1   …(4)
 5 
 On solving (3) & (4)
  
x   m  n   (1)n  (1)m
2 4 2
  
y   n  m   (1)n  (1)m
2 4 2

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2. Solve the following system of equations for x and y [JEE 2001]

(cosec2 x 3sec2 y) (2cosecx  3|sec y|)
5 = 1 and 2 = 64.

 
Ans. (x = n + (–1)n and y = m ± where m & n are integers.)
6 6
5(cosec x 3sec y) = 1
2 2
Sol.
 cos ec2 x  3sec2 y  0  cos ecx  3 sec y ….(1)
& 2(2cosecx  3|sec y|)
= 26

 2cos ecx  3 sec y  6

 2 3 sec y  3 sec y  6 (from(1))
2
 sec y 
3
2
 3 
 cos y  
2
  y  n  ; n  I
 2  6
2
 from(1), cos ecx  3 
3
1
 sin x 
2

 x  n  (1)n ; n  I
6

3. If 0 <  < 2, then the intervals of values of  for which 2sin2 – 5sin + 2 > 0, is
    5    5 
(A)  0,    , 2  (B)  , 
 6  6  8 6 
     5   41 
(C)  0,    ,  (D)  ,  [JEE 2006, 3]
 8 6 6   48 

Ans. (A)
Sol. 2sin 2   5sin   2  0
 (2sin  1)(sin   2)  0
(sin   2)  0
1
 sin  
2
    5 
   0,    , 2 
 6  6 

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4. The number of all possible values of , where 0 <  < , for which the system of equations
(y + z)cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3     [JEE 2010]
2cos3 2sin 3
x sin 3 = 
y z
(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3 + y sin 3
have a solution (x0, y0, z0) with y0z0 0, is

Ans. (3)
Sol. Let xyz  t
 t sin 3  ycos3  z cos3  
t sin 3  2ysin 3  2z cos3  
t sin 3  y(cos3  sin 3)  2z cos3  
sin 3  cos 3  cos 3
 D  0  sin 3 2sin 3 2 cos 3  0
sin 3 (cos 3  sin 3) 2 cos 3

1  cos 3 1
 sin 3  cos 3 1 2sin 3 2  0
1 (cos 3  sin 3 ) 2
 sin 3  cos3  4sin 3  2sin 3  2sin 3  0  (cos3  sin 3 )  2sin 3   0
 sin 3  cos3 sin 3  cos3   0
sin 3  0 or cos3  0 or tan 3  1
Case (i) sin 3  0
from equation (2), z = 0  Not possible
Case (ii) cos3  0,sin 3  0
 from (1), t sin 3  0  t  0  x  0
from (2), y = 0 Not possible

Case(iii) tan 3  1  3  n  , n  I
4
n 
  ,nI
3 12
t sin 3 y cos 3 2cos 3
by equation    0
cos 3 cos 3 cos 3
t  yz ….(4)
Similarly by equation (2)  t  2 y  2z ….(5)
by (4) & (5)  t=0  xyz = 0
 x=0
n 
So  for   (0,  ) &   
3 12
 5 9
 , ,
12 12 12

So, 3 value of 

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5. For x (0, ), the equation sin x + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 has : [JEE Adv. 2014]
(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions
(C) one solution (D) no solution

Ans. (D)
Sol. sin x + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3
 sin x  2sin 2 x  sin 3x  3
 sin x  4sin x cos x  3sin x  4sin 3 x  3
3
 1  4cos x  3  4sin 2 x 
sin x
 2  4cos x  4  4cos x  3cos ecx
2

 4cos2 x  4cos x  2  3cos ecx

 3   2cos x  1  3cos ecx
2

3 3

 
Least value of RHS is 3 at while greatest value of LHS is 3 at x =
2 3
Hence, LHS & RHS are not equal at same value of x, no solution.

5
6. The number of distinct solutions of the equation cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x +
4
sin6 x = 2 in the interval [0, 2] is [JEE Adv. 2015]

Ans. (8)
5
Sol. cos 2 2x  1  2sin 2 x cos 2 x  1  3sin 2 x cos 2 x  2
4
5 5
 cos 2 2x  sin 2 2x  0
4 4

 cos 4x  0  4x  (2n  1)
2

 x  (2n  1) : n  I
8
 for x [0, 2]
 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
x , , , , , , ,
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
i.e. 8 solutions.

 
7. Let S =  x  (, ) : x  0,   . The sum of all distinct solutions of the equation
 2
3 secx + cosecx + 2(tanx – cotx) = 0 in the set S is equal to [JEE Adv. 2016]
7 2 5
(A)  (B)  (C) 0 (D)
9 9 9

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Trigonometric Equation

Ans. (C)
Sol. 3 sec x  cos ecx  2(tan x  cot x)  0
 3 sin x  cos x  2(sin 2 x  cos 2 x)  0
 3 sin x  cos x  2cos 2x
3 1
 sin x  cos x  cos 2x
2 2
 
 cos   x   cos 2x
3 
 
 2x  2n    x 
3 
2n  
 x  or 2n  ; n  I
3 9 3
 for x  (, ) ,
5  7 
x , , ,
9 9 9 3
 Sum of solutions  100  20  140  60  0

sin 2 x 2sin x 5 1
8. All the pairs (x, y) that satisfy the inequality 2 . 2  1 also satisfy the
4sin y

equation.
(A) sin x = |siny| (B) sinx = 2 sin y [JEE Main 2019]
(C) 2|sinx| = 3 siny (D) 2 sinx = siny

Ans. (A)
sin 2  y
(sin x 1)2  4 1 1
Sol. 2  4&  
4 4
sin 2 y
(sin x1) 2  4 1
2   1
4
sin 2 y
(sin x1) 2  4 1
For solution  2   1
4
sin 2 y
1 1
 2 (sin x1)2  4
4 &   
4 4
sin x  1 & sin y  1
2

sin 2 y  1
 sin x  sin y

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5 5 
9. The number of solutions of the equation 1  sin 4 x  cos2 3x, x   ,  is
 2 2
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 3

Ans. (A)
Sol. 1  sin 4 x  cos 2 3x
1 1
 Equality hold only when
1  sin 4 x  cos2 3x  1
 sin 4 x  0 & cos2 3x  1
 5 5 
 Value of x lying in  , satisfy both are
 2 2 
x  2, ,0, , 2 i.e. 5 solution

10. Let S be the set of all  R such that the equation, cos2x + sinx = 2–7 has a solution.
Then S is equal to [JEE Main 2019]
(A) [2, 6] (B) [3, 7] (C) R (D) [1, 4]

Ans. (A)
Sol. cos 2x   sin x  2  7
 2sin 2 x   sin x  2  8  0

 sin 2 x  sin x    4  0
2
4
 sin x  or sin x  2(rej.)
2
4
 for solution to exist,  [1,1]
2
  [2,6]

   3     3 
11. The value of cos3   .cos    sin 3   .sin   is : [JEE Main 2020]
8  8  8  8 
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2 2 2

Ans. (B)
   3     3 
Sol. cos3   .cos    sin 3   .sin  
8  8  8  8 

   

cos3   sin    sin 3   cos  
8 8 8 8

   
sin cos cos 2  sin 2 
8 8 8 8
1  1
 sin 
2 4 2 2

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12. If the equation cos4   sin 4     0 has real solutions for , then  lies in the interval:
[JEE Main 2020]
 1 1  1  3 5  5 
(A)   ,   (B)  1,   (C)   ,   (D)   , 1
 2 4  2  2 4  4 

Ans. (B)
Sol. cos4   sin 4     0
   1  2sin 2  cos2   0
  2sin 2  cos2   1 
1
   sin 2 2  1 
2
1
  [0,1]  1
2
 1  1
  0,   1   1, 
 2  2

13. Let f :[0, 2]  be the function defined by

   
f ( x)  (3  sin(2 x))sin   x    sin  3 x  
 4  4
If  ,  [0, 2] are such that {x [0, 2]: f ( x)  0}  [ ,  ], then the value of    is____
[JEE Adv. 2020]

Ans. 1.00
Sol. Let x – /4 = 
f(x)  0
 3 
(3 – sin2( + /4)) sin – sin   3   0
 4 4 
 3 sin – sin cos2 + sin3  0
sin [3 – (1 – 2sin2) + 3 – 4sin2]  0
 sin  5  2 sin2   0
 
 ve
sin 0  [0,]
 x – /4  [0,] x  [0,2]
  5     7 
x   ,  x     ,
4 4  4  4 4 
1 5    7 
x ,     , 
4 4  4 4

 = 1/4;  = 5/4
–=1

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