UNDERSTANDING THE SELF MIDTERM EXAM

1. This is the study of basic/fundamental principles of life, knowledge, reality, existence, morality,
and human nature through the use of logic and reason.
a. Psychology
b. Philosophy
c. Sociology
d. Anthropology
2. Philosophy was derived from the Greek words "Philos" and "Sophia" which means
“_______________”.
a. study of humanity
b. love of knowledge
c. study of human behavior and mental processes
d. love of wisdom
3. Which statement is NOT TRUE about Philosophy?
a. Philosophy provides ultimate answers to questions.
b. Philosophy is being studied through the use of logic and reason.
c. Philosophy is an academic discipline.
d. Philosophy opens the minds of people and encourages individuals to ask questions and to
seek answers for themselves.
4. Which statement is TRUE about Philosophy?
a. Philosophy can be a ground basis for other approaches.
b. Philosophy uses an an approach that can be employed.
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
5. Which word (adjective) does NOT describe the physical world?
a. transient
b. changeable
c. imperfect
d. eternal
6. Which statement is NOT TRUE about the soul?
a. The soul is a unified, indissoluble, and immortal entity.
b. The soul is in the very likeness of the divine.
c. The soul strives for wisdom and perfection.
d. The soul changes over time.
7. It is evident on __________'s ideas that the mind is a tabularasa or a blank slate.
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Anaxagoras
8. "Know thyself" and “An unexamined life is not worth living” are lines made known by
_____________
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Anaxagoras
9. According to _____________, there are three (3) parts of the soul/ self (psyche).
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Anaxagoras
10. Among the three (3) parts soul/ self (psyche), this is referred to as the divine essence that lets
us think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.
a. Reason
b. Physical Appetite
c. Spirit/Passion
d. None of the above
11. ____________ is known for his famous line “Cogito ergo sum.” – “I think, therefore, I am.”
a. René Descartes
b. John Locke
c. David Hume
d. Immanuel Kant
12. He is a known nihilist who claimed the idea of the non-existence of the self.
a. David Hume
b. John Locke
c. René Descartes
d. Immanuel Kant
13. According to _____________, the self is a “bundle or collection of different perceptions, which
succeed each other in an inconceivable rapidity, and are in perpetual flux and movement.”
a. David Hume
b. John Locke
c. René Descartes
d. Immanuel Kant
14. He opposed the idea of the self as a bundle or collection of different perceptions and claimed
that it is the unity of consciousness that makes the world intelligible.
a. David Hume
b. John Locke
c. René Descartes
d. Immanuel Kant
15. Conscious awareness and memory of previous experiences are the keys to understanding the
self, according to ________________.
a. David Hume
b. John Locke
c. René Descartes
d. Immanuel Kant
16. Grounded in neuroscience, he proposed that the mind/self is the brain.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Paul Churchland
c. Gilbert Ryle
d. Edmund Husserl
17. He defined the self in terms of behavior that is presented to the world.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Paul Churchland
c. Gilbert Ryle
d. Edmund Husserl
18. He is the father of psychoanalysis, and believed that the self is multilayered--- conscious and
the unconscious.
a. Paul Churchland
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Gilbert Ryle
d. Edmund Husserl
19. It was during this era when there was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian,
Jewish, Muslim).
a. Modern
b. Medieval
c. Contemporary
d. 21st Century
20. It was during this era when philosophy was considered to be anthropocentric or centered on
the human person.
a. Modern
b. Medieval
c. Contemporary
d. 21st Century
21. Teachings of ___________ claim that there is no permanent concept of the self as nothing is
permanent.
a. Buddhism
b. Taoism
c. Confucianism
d. Christianity
22. Which of the following is NOT a foundation of mindfulness?
a. Contemplation of the body
b. Contemplation of feeling (repulsive, attractive, or neutral)
c. Contemplation of the state of mind
d. None of the above
23. ______________ rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and
teachable, improvable, and perfectible through "personal" and "communal" endeavor.
a. Taoism
b. Buddhism
c. Christianity
d. Confucianism
24. The teachings of Buddhism are based on the teachings of___________________ .
a. Matthias Knutzen
b. Lao-Tze
c. Kung-fu-Tze
d. Siddhartha Gautama
25. _____________ is a concept of Buddhism, which is referred to as place of perfect peace and
happiness, like heaven, which is the highest state that someone can attain.
a. Salvation
b. Yin and Yang
c. Self-Actualization
d. Nirvana
26. Which of the following is NOT true about Taoism?
a. Taoism rests on the belief that knowledge cannot be known but perhaps it can be
understood.
b. Tao is ultimate, and is the source of creation.
c. Taoism is a system of guidance.
d. Tao is a god.
27. In Taoism, the concept _____________ suggests the idea that opposites are needed in order
for harmony to exist. To put it simply, we all need balance in our lives.
a. Te
b. Tzu Jan
c. Wu Wei
d. Yin and Yang
28. In Taoism, the concept _____________ is the same as ‘going with the flow, ‘not dragging your
heels’ or ‘trying to turn back the tide’. It is a reminder to align with the present and accept the
flow and course of nature.
a. Te
b. Tzu Jan
c. Wu Wei
d. Yin and Yang
29. Among the eight paths to the highest state that someone can attain in Buddhism, this leads
one to have the mental ability to see things as they are, with clear consciousness.
a. Right action
b. Right view
c. Right mindfulness
d. Right intention
30. Among the eight paths to the highest state that someone can attain in Buddhism, the
_________ refers to the volitional aspect of wisdom while the _________ refers to the
cognitive aspect of wisdom.
a. right intention; right mindfulness
b. right intention; right view
c. right view; right intention
d. right view; right mindfulness
31. This involves systematic witnessing of one’s inner states, so as to experientially go beyond all
of them to the center of consciousness. This involves practical methods for direct experience,
which is practice by many nowadays.
a. Nyaya
b. Yoga
c. Vaisheshika
d. Samkhya
32. This deals with logic which is the process of reasoning and considers 'doubt' as a prerequisite
for philosophical inquiry.
a. Nyaya
b. Yoga
c. Vaisheshika
d. Samkhya
33. The Hindu philosophy claims that there are ____ 'chakras' or psychic-energy centers of the
body.
a. five (5)
b. six (6)
c. seven (7)
d. eight (8)
34. Nirvana is for Buddhism, while _______________ is for the Western core.
a. union with Brahman
b. nobility of moral character
c. self-actualization
d. sageliness within and kingliness without
35. Empathy is considered as the Western core's means of psychological decentering, while
______________ is for Taoism.
a. deconstruction of the ego
b. principle of reprocity
c. selflessness
d. renuciation of selfhood
36. The concept of conformity and cohesion (loyalty to the group and country) and the self through
interaction with others (being obedient and having high achievement) are the two dimensions
of the tensions (within the self and one's role in the society) of what particular culture?
a. Chinese
b. Korean
c. Japanese
d. Western
37. Which statement is NOT true about Sufism?
a. Spiritual realization can be achieved through the knowledge revealed by Quran.
b. Communion with God can be realized through the practice of Islam.
c. Sufism recognizes that we are separate from the Divine, that there is no unity of
being.
d. There is only one God, the god of all people and all true religions.
38. There are _____ levels of the self in Sufism.
a. five (5)
b. six (6)
c. seven (7)
d. eight (8)
39. Individual is content with life and even with the trials and difficulties, realizing that they come
from God.
a. Inspired self
b. Pleased self
c. Pure self
d. Commanding self
40. This is considered the beginning of the real practice of Sufism, where the seeker is truly
motivated by ideals such as compassion, service and moral values.
a. Inspired self
b. Pleased self
c. Pure self
d. Commanding self
41. According to _____________, personality develops in a predetermined order through eight (8)
stages of psychosocial development---from infancy to adulthood---wherein during each stage,
an individual experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative
outcome for personality development.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Carl Jung
c. Erik Erikson
d. Harry Stack Sullivan
42. _____________ posits that a large part of an individual's psychological development takes
place in childhood, through five (5) psychosexual stages namely the oral, anal, phallic, latency,
and genital stages.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Carl Jung
c. Erik Erikson
d. Harry Stack Sullivan
43. Sigmund Freud developed a structure of personality which includes the 'provinces of the mind'.
One is the ______ which is responsible for pleasure; another is ________, which is
responsible for morality; and last is the ________ which is responsible for reality, thus,
balancing pleasure and morality.
a. id; ego; superego
b. ego; id; superego
c. id; superego; ego
d. superego; id, ego
44. During this stage in the psychosocial stages of development, the infant is uncertain about the
world in which they live, and looks towards his or her primary caregiver for stability and
consistency of care.
a. Basic Trust versus Mistrust
b. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative versus Guilt
d. Industry versus Inferiority
45. The following statements about Jung's concept of Self-Realization are true EXCEPT:
a. Self-realization is also called individuation
b. Self-realization is the process of integrating opposites into a harmonious self.
c. Self-realization requires assimilation of unconsciousness into total self.
d. Self-realization can be easily achieved by everyone.
46. According to ______________, all humans and other organisms have a tendency to move
toward completion or fulfilment of potentials called the actualizing tendency.
a. Carl Rogers
b. Carl Jung
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Karen Horney
47. _____________ coined the concept of the Ideal Self and the Real Self.
a. Karen Horney
b. Carl Jung
c. Carl Rogers
d. Harry Stack Sullivan
48. To protect ourselves from feelings of isolation and inferiority, we generate a favorable mental
concept of who we are called the ______________
a. real self
b. actualized self
c. idealized self-image
d. neurotic self
49. The idealized self-image includes the aspects below EXCEPT for:
a. neurotic search for glory
b. neurotic claims
c. neurotic pride
d. neurotic tendency
50. According to Rogers, for an individual to achieve actualization, one must experience the
following EXCEPT:
a. genuineness
b. unconditional acceptance
c. empathy
d. self-realization
51. Among Alport's three (3) levels of personal disposition, which is the single dominant
characteristic that directs most of a person's characteristic? This is the trait that defines and
dominates one's personality and behavior (e.g., Mother Theresa's being kind, Hitler's being
ruthless)
a. Cardinal trait
b. Central trait
c. Secondary trait
 d. Alternative trait
52. According to the Hierarchy of Needs, what is the first need that must be met?
a. Safety needs
b. Love and belongingness
c. Esteem needs
d. Physiological needs
53. McCrae and Costa are known for having established/posited the ____________.
a. Big Five (5) Personality Factors (O-C-E-A-N)
b. Three (3) Personality Types (P-E-N)
c. Hierarchy of Needs
d. Three (3) Personal Dispositions
54. Hans Eysenck is known for having established/posited the ____________
a. Big Five (5) Personality Factors (O-C-E-A-N)
b. Three (3) Personality Types (P-E-N)
c. Hierarchy of Needs
d. Three (3) Personal Dispositions
55. This personality type, according to Eysenck, is characterized by an individual's sociability,
impulsiveness, jocularity, liveliness, optimism, and quick-wittedness.
a. Extraversion
b. Neuroticism
c. Psychoticism
d. Openness
56. He is the Father of Filipino Psychology or Sikolohiyang Filipino.
a. Zeus Salazar
b. Jaime Bulatao
c. Alfredo Villagracia Lagmay
d. Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez
57. This Filipino cultural value is expressed in a popular Filipino saying, ‘‘Ang hindi lumingon sa
pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. (Those who do not look back to where
they came from will not reach their destination)’’.
a. Bahala na
b. Utang na loob
c. Hiya
d. Pakikiramdam
58. This Filipino cultural value is first explained as 'fatalism', leaving one's faith to God and
remaining passive; however, this is later explained as 'determination and risk-taking', telling
oneself that one is ready to face the difficult situation before him/her.
a. Bahala na
b. Utang na loob
c. Hiya
d. Pakikiramdam
59. This was identified as a Filipino value which is referred to as the ‘‘smooth interpersonal
relations’’ by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity.
a. Pakikipagkapwa
b. Pakikisama
c. Pakikiramdam
d. Pakikibagay
60. Enriquez identified this concept as the core of Filipino social psychology, which is at the heart
of the structure of Filipino values.
a. Kapwa (Shared Identity)
b. Kalayaan
c. Kagandahang-loob
d. Pakiramdam (Shared Inner Perception)