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1 Em homenagem a Humberto Theodoro Jr. Publicado na Revista Direito Mackenzie, v. 11, n. 2., 2017.
2 Art. 373 do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro de 2015: “Art. 373. O ônus da prova incumbe: I - ao autor, quanto ao
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autor. § 1o Nos casos previstos em lei ou diante de peculiaridades da causa relacionadas à impossibilidade ou à excessiva

\R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \ 147

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dar à parte a oportunidade de se desincumbir do ônus que lhe foi atribuído. § 2o A decisão prevista no § 1o deste artigo
não pode gerar situação em que a desincumbência do encargo pela parte seja impossível ou excessivamente difícil. § 3o A
distribuição diversa do ônus da prova também pode ocorrer por convenção das partes, salvo quando: I - recair sobre
direito indisponível da parte; II - tornar excessivamente difícil a uma parte o exercício do direito. § 4o A convenção de que
trata o § 3o pode ser celebrada antes ou durante o processo”.
3 A íntegra do CPC brasileiro de 2015 pode ser acessada em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/
lei/l13105.htm

148 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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4 CARPES, Artur. Ônus dinâmico da prova. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2010, p. 52.
5 MOREIRA, José Carlos Barbosa. “Julgamento e ônus da Prova”. Temas de Direito Processual Civil – segunda série.
São Paulo: Saraiva, 1988, p. 74-75.
6 “A circunstância de que, ainda assim, o litígio deva ser decidido torna imperioso que alguma das partes suporte o risco
inerente ao mau êxito da prova. Cuida então a lei, em geral, de proceder a uma distribuição de riscos: traça critérios desti-
QDGRVDLQGLFDUFRQIRUPHRFDVRTXDOGRVOLWLJDQWHVWHUiGHVXSRUWiORVDUFDQGRFRPDVFRQVHTrQFLDVGHVIDYRUiYHLVGH
não se haver provado o fato que lhe aproveitava. Aqui também se alude ao ônus da prova, mas num segundo sentido (ônus
objetivo ou material)”. (MOREIRA, José Carlos Barbosa. “Julgamento e ônus da Prova”. Temas de Direito Processual
Civil – segunda série. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1988, p. 74-75). “O valor normativo das disposições pertinentes à distribuição
GRRQXVSUREDQGLDVVXPHUHDOLPSRUWkQFLDQDDXVrQFLDGHSURYDHPVHPHOKDQWHKLSyWHVHpTXHRMXL]KiGHLQGDJDUD
TXDO GRV OLWLJDQWHV FRPSHWLD R {QXV SDUD LPSXWDUOKH DV FRQVHTXrQFLDV GHVIDYRUiYHLV GD ODFXQD H[LVWHQWH QR PDWHULDO
probatório”. (MOREIRA, José Carlos Barbosa. “As Presunções e a Prova”. Temas de Direito Processual Civil. São Paulo:
Saraiva, 1977, p. 61).
)OiYLR/XL]<DUVKHOODGHVSHLWRGHXWLOL]DUHVVDWHUPLQRORJLDFULWLFDDTXDOLÀFDomRGR{QXVGDSURYDHPVXEMHWLYRHRE-
jetivo. Em sua opinião, “sob o prisma puramente lógico, desvincular essa posição jurídica dos sujeitos parciais importaria
GHVFDUDFWHUL]iODFRPRXPDXWrQWLFR{QXVTXHDWRGDHYLGrQFLDQmRSRGHVHUGHWLWXODULGDGHGRMXL]TXHQRSURFHVVR
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da urgência e direito autônomo à prova. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2009, p. 65). Sucede que, em nosso entendimento, as qua-
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Falar em ônus sob uma perspectiva objetiva não implica atribuí-lo ao juiz. O juiz, naturalmente, não tem ônus de provar
nada. O ônus de provar, nos moldes descritos pelo legislador, é das partes. O que se quer dizer é que as mesmas regras
que disciplinam a distribuição do ônus (que as partes têm) de provar devem servir de parâmetro objetivo para que o juiz,
ao decidir, possa imputar as consequências negativas de eventual ausência de prova de uma alegação de fato à parte que,
GHVGHRSULQFtSLRWLQKDRHQFDUJRGHSURYiOD

\R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \ 149

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8 Conferir, sobre a distinção, CARPES, Artur Thompsen. “Apontamentos sobre a inversão do ônus da prova e a garantia
GRFRQWUDGLWyULRµ,Q3URYD-XGLFLiULD(VWXGRVVREUHRQRYR'LUHLWR3UREDWyULR'DQLOR.QLMQLN&RRUG3RUWR$OHJUH
Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 34; GÓES, Gisele. Teoria Geral da Prova – apontamentos. Coleção temas de processo ci-
vil. Estudos em homenagem a Eduardo Espínola. Coord. Fredie Didier Junior. Salvador: Editora Jus Podivm, 2005, p. 53.
9 Interessante a correlação do ônus subjetivo e objetivo com os princípios inquisitivo e dispositivo: “Em sentido objetivo,
{QXVGDSURYDpUHJUDGHMXOJDPHQWRWHQGRSRUGHVWLQDWiULRRMXL]$VVLPQRSURFHVVRSHQDOpUHJUDIXQGDGDQDSUHVXQ-
ção de inocência, que o juiz deve absolver o réu, não havendo, nos autos, prova da materialidade do crime e da autoria.
Nesse sentido, a regra sobre o ônus da prova, nada importando que se trate de processo inquisitorial ou dispositivo. (...)
Em sentido subjetivo, a ideia de ônus da prova liga-se mais fortemente aos processos de tipo dispositivo. O ônus da prova
é repartido entre as partes, sucumbindo aquela que dele não se desincumbe. Assim como o direito subjetivo se vincula a
uma regra de direito objetivo, assim o ônus da prova, em sentido subjetivo, vincula-se a uma regra de julgamento (ônus
da prova em sentido objetivo). (TESHEINER, José Maria Rosa. “Sobre o ônus da prova (em homenagem a Egas Dirceu
Moniz de Aragão)”. In: Luiz Guilherme Marinoni. Estudos de Direito Processual Civil. São Paulo: RT, 2005, p. 355).
$VVLP%DUERVD0RUHLUD´(P~OWLPDDQiOLVHQmRpRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGDSDUWHRQHUDGDTXHHVWiHPFDXVD2VUH-
sultados da atividade instrutória são apreciados pelo órgão judicial sem qualquer valoração, positiva ou negativa, desse
FRPSRUWDPHQWR6HSHUVLVWLXDREVFXULGDGHHPQDGDDSURYHLWDjSDUWHRQHUDGDDOHJDUTXHIH]SDUDGLVVLSiODWXGRTXH
estava ao seu alcance, e portanto nenhuma culpa se lhe pode imputar. Inversamente, se a obscuridade cessou para dar lugar
à certeza da ocorrência do fato, em nada prejudica a parte onerada a circunstância de que ela própria não tenha contribu-
ído, sequer com parcela mínima, e ainda que pudesse fazê-lo, para a formação do convencimento judicial, devendo-se o
êxito, com exclusividade, a outros fatores (…)”. (MOREIRA, José Carlos Barbosa. “As Presunções e a Prova”, cit., p. 75).

150 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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15 CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1969, v. 2, p. 379; CAMBI,
Eduardo. A Prova Civil. Admissibilidade e Relevância. São Paulo: RT, 2006, p. 324.
16 CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil, v. 2, cit., p. 380.
17 Conceitos baseados nas lições de CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil, v. 1, cit., p. 07 ss.

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18 CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil, v. 1, cit., p. 08.

19 CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil, v. 1, cit., p. 08 e 09.
20 CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil, v. 1, cit., p. 10.

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21 “Inversão do ônus da prova é técnica processual, e parte do pressuposto de que o ônus pertenceria, à data da propo-
situra da demanda, àquele contra quem foi feita a inversão. Não devem ser tomadas como inversão do ônus da prova,
senão como simples distribuição do encargo probatório, as regras de direito material que abstratamente prevêem que
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52'5,*8(60DUFHOR$EHOKD$omRFLYLOS~EOLFDHPHLRDPELHQWHFLWS

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22 Também chamada “prova difícil” (Cf. SILVA, Paula Costa e; REIS, Nuno Trigo dos. “A prova difícil: da probatio levior
à inversão do ónus da prova”. Revista de Processo. São Paulo: RT, ano 38, v. 222, agosto/2013, p. 149-171).
23 CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. “Doenças Preexistentes e ônus da Prova: o Problema da Prova Diabólica e uma Possível
Solução”. Revista Dialética de Direito Processual. São Paulo: Dialética, 2005, n. 31, p. 12.
24 SILVA, Paula Costa e; REIS, Nuno Trigo dos. “A prova difícil: da probatio levior à inversão do ónus da prova”. Revista
de Processo, cit., p. 157.
25 CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. “Doenças Preexistentes e ônus da Prova: o Problema da Prova Diabólica e uma Possível
Solução”, cit., p. 12.

156 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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26 “Outro instrumento de reacção à prova difícil é trazido pela degradação ou abaixamento do grau de convicção neces-
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para, com base nesta conclusão, decidir. Estamos, em cheio, no domínio da probatio levior”. (SILVA, Paula Costa e;
REIS, Nuno Trigo dos. “A prova difícil: da probatio levior à inversão do ónus da prova”. Revista de Processo, cit., p. 159).
27 MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme. Formação da Convicção e Inversão do Ônus da Prova segundo as peculiaridades do
caso concreto. Disponível em: <http://www.marinoni.adv.br/principal/pub/anexos/2007061901315330.pdf>. Acesso
em: 13 dez 2007, p. 7-8.

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que a negativa não se pode provar, e por conseguinte se não pode articular, essa regra não é sempre verdadeira, porque
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35 Sobre o tema, conferir o excelente trabalho de Robson Renault Godinho: GODINHO, Robson Renault. Negócios
processuais sobre o ônus da prova no novo Código de Processo Civil. São Paulo: RT, 2015.

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36 No mesmo sentido: MOUZALAS, Rinaldo; ATAÍDE JR., Jaldemiro Rodrigues de. “Distribuição do ônus da prova por
convenção processual”. Revista de Processo. São Paulo: RT, n. 240, 2015, p. 410.
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dor: Jus Podivm, 2014, p. 125.

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38 NERY JR., Nelson. Código de Defesa do consumidor comentado pelos autores do anteprojetoHG6mR3DXOR)RUHQVH8QLYHU-
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39 DONOSO, Denis. “A prova no processo civil. Considerações sobre o ônus da prova, sua inversão e a aplicação do art.
333 do CPC diante da nova leitura do princípio dispositivo”. Revista Dialética de Direito Processual. São Paulo: Dialética,
2007, n. 51, p. 61. O art. 333, do CPC-1973 corresponde ao art. 373, do CPC-2015.
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',675,%8,d­2'2Ð186'$3529$)(,7$3(/2-8,=
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GHdistribuição dinâmica do ônus da provaăHPERUDFRPRMiVHYLX
em 06.10.2009, publicado DJe de 29.10.2009). O art. 130 do CPC-1973 corresponde ao art. 370, do CPC-2015.
0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;2725DYL0HGHLURVÑQXVGDSURYDHVXDGLQDPL]DomRFLWS
44 GODINHO, Robson Renault. Negócios processuais sobre o ônus da prova no novo Código de Processo Civil. São
Paulo: RT, 2015, p. 60.
45 GODINHO, Robson Renault. Convenções sobre o ônus da prova. Negócios processuais sobre o ônus da prova no
novo Código de Processo Civil. São Paulo: RT, 2015, p. 34.

164 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;2725DYLÔnus da prova e sua dinamização, cit., p. 232-234. De forma semelhante,

SILVA, Ricardo Alexandre da. Dinamização do ônus da prova no Projeto do Código de Processo Civil. DIDIER JR., Fredie et ali
(orgs.). Novas tendências do processo civil: estudos sobre o Projeto do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Salvador: Jus Podivm,
2014, v. 3, p. 552.
1HVWHSDUWLFXODU0DQXHO'RPtQJXH]FKDPDDWHQomRSDUDDQHFHVVLGDGHGHFDXWHODDRVHFRQVLGHUDUDIDFLOLGDGHGLÀFXO-
GDGHSUREDWyULDFRPRFULWpULRGHGLVWULEXLomR)DFLOLGDGHHGLÀFXOGDGHVmRWHUPRVTXHSRGHPSUHVWDUVHDDEXVRVDOHUWD
Sustenta, ainda, que a distribuição judicial deve complementar a distribuição legal, só podendo ser utilizada em casos extre-
PRV²HPTXHDVUHJUDVREMHWLYDVVHMDPLQDSOLFiYHLVRXFRQGX]DPDUHVXOWDGRVPDQLIHVWDPHQWHLQMXVWRV'20Ì1*8(=
Manuel Serra. Estudios de Derecho Probatorio. Lima: Libreria Communitas EIRL, 2009, p. 122 e 123).

\R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \ 165

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IDWRVTXHEHQHILFLDPDRFRQVXPLGRUGHIRUPDDPSODHLQGHWHUPLQD
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VHPSUHGLVFULPLQDUVREUHTXHIDWRVVHDSOLFDUiDPRGLILFDomRSURED
WyULD 6H D UHJUD JHUDO p D GLVWULEXLomR OHJDO RV IDWRV QmR UHIHULGRV
H[SUHVVDPHQWHQDGHFLVmRGRMXL]QmRWHUmRVHXVHQFDUJRVSUREDWy
ULRVDOWHUDGRV
48 Neste sentido, CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. “Doenças Preexistentes e ônus da Prova: o Problema da Prova Diabólica e uma
Possível Solução”, cit., p. 11; MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme. Formação da Convicção e Inversão do Ônus da Prova segundo as peculiaridades do
caso concreto, cit., p. 05 a 07; KNIJNIK, Danilo. A Prova nos Juízos Cível, Penal e Tributário, cit., p. 182 e 183; CAMBI, Eduardo. A Prova
Civil. Admissibilidade e Relevância, cit, p. 343.
49 CAMBI, Eduardo. A Prova Civil. Admissibilidade e Relevância, cit., p. 420.
0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;2725DYLÔnus da prova e sua dinamização, cit., p. 202.

166 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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51 GIDI, Antônio. “Aspectos da Inversão do Ônus da prova no Código do Consumidor”. Revista de Direito do Consu-
midor. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1995, n. 13, p. 38. No mesmo sentido, quanto ao momento da inversão judicial,
CAMBI, Eduardo. A Prova Civil. Admissibilidade e Relevância, cit., p. 418 segs.; CARPES, Artur Thompsen. Apontamen-
tos sobre a inversão do ônus da prova e a garantia do contraditório, cit., p. 40 segs.; ALVES, Maristela da Silva. “Esboço
VREUHRVLJQLÀFDGRGR{QXVGDSURYDQR3URFHVVR&LYLOµ,Q3URYD-XGLFLiULD(VWXGRVVREUHRQRYR'LUHLWR3UREDWyULR
Danilo Knijnik (Coord.). Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 212-213; MIRANDA NETTO, Fernando Gama
GHÑQXVGD3URYD1R'LUHLWR3URFHVVXDO3~EOLFR5LRGH-DQHLUR(GLWRUD/XPHQ-XULVS0(1'(6-U
Manoel de Souza. “O momento para a inversão do ônus da prova com fundamento no Código de Defesa do Consumi-
dor”. Revista de processo. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, n. 114, 2004, p. 89.
0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;2725DYL$GLQDPL]DomRGR{QXVGDSURYDVREDySWLFDGRQRYR&yGLJRGH3UR-
FHVVR&LYLOFLWS<$56+(//)OiYLR/XL]Antecipação da prova sem o requisito da urgência e direito autônom à prova. São
Paulo: Malheiros, 2009, p. 93.

\R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \ 167

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$&RUWH-XGLFLiULDEUDVLOHLUDUHVSRQViYHOSHODXQLIRUPL]DomRGDDSOLFDomRGDOHJLVODomRIHGHUDOEUDVLOHLUD
67-6(5(VSQ63UHO0LQLVWUR-RmR2WiYLRGH1RURQKDUHOS$FyUGmR0LQLVWUD0DULD,VDEHO*DOORWWL
j. em 29.02.2012, publicado no DJe de 21.06.2012.
55 É importante deixar registrado um rol de alguns autores que defendiam que a inversão judicial do ônus da prova pudesse ser feita
na sentença – posicionamento que, atualmente, contraria expresso dispositivo de lei: WATANABE, Kazuo. Código de Defesa do
Consumidor comentado pelos autores do anteprojetoHG6mR3DXOR)RUHQVH8QLYHUVLWiULDS',1$0$5&2&kQGLGR
Rangel. Instituições de Direito Processual Civil9,,,HG6mR3DXOR0DOKHLURVS/23(6-RmR%DSWLVWDA prova no
direito processual civil. 3. ed. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 2007, p. 50-51.; NERY JR., Nelson. “Aspectos do processo civil no
Código de Defesa do Consumidor”. Revista de Direito do Consumidor. São Paulo: RT, v. 1, p. 217.
56 MIRANDA NETTO, Fernando Gama de Miranda. Ônus da Prova: No Direito Processual Público. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen
Juris, 2009, p. 184-186.
7-56$SHODomR&tYHO1ž&kP&tY5HO'HV'RUYDO%UiXOLR0DUTXHVM

168 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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cesso Civil, cit., p. 212-213.
59 KNIJNIK, Danilo. A Prova nos Juízos Cível, Penal e Tributário, cit., p. 181; KNIJNIK, Danilo. “As (perigosíssimas) dou-
trinas do ‘ônus dinâmico da prova’ e da ‘situação de senso comum’ como instrumentos para assegurar o acesso à justiça
e superar a probatio diabólica”, cit., p. 947.
60 Sobre a visão argentina, longamente, PEYRANO, Jorge W (org.). Cargas Probatórias Dinámicas. Santa Fé: Rubinzalcul-
zoni, 2004. Manuel Dominguez cita farta doutrina italiana e espanhola nesse sentido, admitindo a distribuição judicial e
casuística do ônus de prova, tendo em conta a normalidade (o que parece se aproximar da ordinariedade e verossimilhança
DIHULGDVFRPPi[LPDVGHH[SHULrQFLDHDIDFLOLGDGHSUREDWyULD'20Ì1*8(=0DQXHO6HUUDEstudios de Derecho Proba-
torio. Lima: Libreria Communitas, 2009, p. 118-119.)
61 Sobre o tema, SOUZA, Wilson Alves. “Ônus da prova – considerações sobre a doutrina das cargas probatórias dinâ-
micas”. Revista Jurídica dos Formandos em Direito da UFBA. Salvador: UFBA, 1999, n.6; DALL’AGNOL JUNIOR, Antonio
Janyr. “Distribuição dinâmica do ônus probatório”. Revista dos Tribunais. São Paulo: RT, 2001, n. 788; CARPES, Artur
Thompsen. Apontamentos sobre a inversão do ônus da prova e a garantia do contraditório, cit., p. 36 e 37; MARINONI, Luiz Gui-
lherme. Formação da Convicção e Inversão do Ônus da Prova segundo as peculiaridades do caso concreto. Disponível em: <http://www.
marinoni.adv.br/principal/pub/anexos/2007061901315330.pdf>. Acesso em: 13 dez 2007, p. 07; LOPES, João Baptista
de. A prova no direito processual civilFLWH$/9(60DULVWHODGD6LOYD´(VERoRVREUHRVLJQLÀFDGRGR{QXVGDSURYD
no Processo Civil”, cit.; KNIJNIK, Danilo. A Prova nos Juízos Cível, Penal e Tributário. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2007, p.
175-179; KNIJNIK, Danilo. “As (perigosíssimas) doutrinas do ‘ônus dinâmico da prova’ e da ‘situação de senso comum’
como instrumentos para assegurar o acesso à justiça e superar a probatio diabólica”. In: Processo de Constituição: estudos em
homenagem ao professor José Carlos Barbosa Moreira. Luiz Fux, Nelson Nery Junior e Teresa Arruda Alvim (coord.). São Paulo:
Revista dos Tribunais, 2006; CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. “Doenças Preexistentes e ônus da Prova: o Problema da Prova
Diabólica e uma Possível Solução”, Revista Dialética de Direito Processual. São Paulo: Dialética, 2005, n.31; CAMBI, Eduardo.
A Prova Civil. Admissibilidade e Relevância, cit, p. 344-346; GODINHO, Robson Renault. “A distribuição do ônus da prova
na perspectiva dos direitos fundamentais”. Leituras complementares de constitucional: direitos fundamentais. Marcelo Novelino

\R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \ 169

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Camargo (org.). Salvador: Editora Jus Podivm, 2006; DIDIER Jr., Fredie; OLIVEIRA, Rafael Alexandria; BRAGA, Paula
Sarno. Curso de Direito Processual Civil.HG6DOYDGRU(GLWRUD-XV3RGLYPY&5(0$6&26X]DQDA distribui-
ção dinâmica do ônus da prova.5LRGH-DQHLUR*=0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;2725DYLÔnus da prova e sua
dinamização, cit..
62 STJ, 4a T., REsp n. 69.309/SC, rel. Min. Ruy Rosado de Aguiar, j. em 18.06.1996, publicado no DJ de 26.08.1996, p.
67-7506Q%$UHO0LQ6pUJLR.XNLQDMHP67-75(VSQ63UHO
Mina. Nancy Andrighi, j. em 22.10.2013, publicado no DJe de 28.10.2013.
3DUD$OH[DQGUH&kPDUDHVVDGHYHULDVHUD~QLFDKLSyWHVH&Ç0$5$$OH[DQGUH)UHLWDV´'RHQoDV3UHH[LVWHQWHVH{QXV
da Prova: o Problema da Prova Diabólica e uma Possível Solução”, cit., p. 14-15.
&5(0$6&26X]DQD$GLVWULEXLomRGLQkPLFDGR{QXVGDSURYDFLWS0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;272
Ravi. Ônus da prova e sua dinamização, cit., p. 181.
65 BARBERIO, Sérgio José. Cargas Probatórias Dinámicas. ,Q ´&DUJDV 3UREDWyULDV 'LQiPLFDVµ 3(<5$12 -RUJH :
(Org.). Santa Fé: Rubinzalculzoni, 2004, p. 102-104.

170 \R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p.147-173, Maio/Agosto. 2018 \

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doutrinas do ‘ônus dinâmico da prova’ e da ‘situação de senso comum’ como instrumentos para assegurar o acesso à
justiça e superar a probatio diabólica”, cit., p. 946 ss.
&5(0$6&26X]DQD$GLVWULEXLomRGLQkPLFDGR{QXVGDSURYDFLWS0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;272
Ravi. Ônus da prova e sua dinamização, cit., p. 198-200.

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68 Note que Kazuo Watanabe entende que não é propriamente caso de inversão do ônus da prova: “O que ocorre,
FRPREHPREVHUYD/HR5RVHQEHUJpTXHRPDJLVWUDGRFRPDDMXGDGDVPi[LPDVGDH[SHULrQFLDHGDVUHJUDVGD
vida, considera produzida a prova que incumbe a uma das partes. Examinando as condições de fato com base nas
Pi[LPDVGDH[SHULrQFLDRPDJLVWUDGRSDUWHGRFXUVRQRUPDOGRVDFRQWHFLPHQWRVHSRUTXHRIDWRpRUGLQDULDPHQWH
a consequência ou pressuposto de um outro fato, em caso de existência deste, admite também aquele como exis-
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do ônus da prova”. O autor parece equiparar o instituto à prova prima facie, ou prova de primeira aparência ou por
verossimilhança. (WATANABE, Kazuo. Código de Defesa do Consumidor comentado pelos autores do anteprojetoHG6mR
3DXOR)RUHQVH8QLYHUVLWiULDS
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tação, o grau de escolaridade, sua posição social, seu poder aquisitivo etc.
 52'5,*8(6 0DUFHOR $EHOKD (OHPHQWRV GH 'LUHLWR 3URFHVVXDO &LYLO  HG 6mR 3DXOR 57  Y  S  H
327; CAMBI, Eduardo. A Prova Civil. Admissibilidade e Relevância, cit., p. 413. Assim, também, STJ, AgRg no REsp n.
5275HO0LQ3DXORGH7DUVR6DQVHYHULQRMHPSXEOLFDGRQR'-HGH(PVHQWLGR
GLYHUVR $QW{QLR *LGL GHIHQGHQGR TXH D LQYHUVmR Vy p DXWRUL]DGD TXDQGR SUHVHQWHV DPERV RV SUHVVXSRVWRV ² DÀQDO
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do Ônus da prova no Código do Consumidor”. Gênesis: Revista de Direito Processual Civil. Curitiba: Gênesis, 1996, n.
03, p. 584).

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0$&È'2/XFDV%XULOGH3(,;2725DYLÔnus da prova e sua dinamização, cit., p. 129-130.

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