Activity No.

4: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES (with definition) to be incorporated

in the discussion of the Background of the Study, Framework of the study, and Research Paradigm.

Definition of Terms and Related Literature:

Guide 1: The conceptual definition of terms are based on concepts or hypothetical ones which are usually taken from dictionary,
encyclopedia, and published journals.
Guide 2: The variables should be defined operationally, meaning in the way that these terms are used within the study
particularly from the title, problem statement, and conceptual framework.
Guide 3: Operational definition refers to the definition of terms as they are actually meant in the study, not the dictionary
meaning or definition. Sources should be acknowledged. Operational definition of terms are based on observable characteristics
and how it is used in the study not the dictionary meaning or definition.
Guide 4: The literature being reviewed must be organized according to substantive concepts/themes that adhere to the objectives
of the study
Guide 5: Literature Review includes a discussion of scholarly literature printed or electronic, books, journals, articles, and
unpublished studies such as thesis, conference papers, both local and foreign sources

Variable 1: ________________________________________________________
Type of variable: ____________________________
Definition:
______________________________________________________________________________________
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Related literature (at least 2):

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____

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________

Variable 2: ________________________________________________________
Type of variable: ____________________________
Definition:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Related literature (at least 2):

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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 ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________

Variable 3: ________________________________________________________
Type of variable: ____________________________
Definition:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Related literature (at least 2):

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

Variable 4: ________________________________________________________
Type of variable: ____________________________
Definition:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Related literature (at least 2):

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

Variable 5: ________________________________________________________
Type of variable: ____________________________
Definition:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Related literature (at least 2):

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

Variable 6: ________________________________________________________
Type of variable: ____________________________
Definition:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Related literature (at least 2):

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

Related Studies (at least 5; at least 1 local study).

Guide 1: A review must effectively compare and contrast what has been argued in the research on the topic, and explain how
these arguments relate to your own research.

Study 1:
Local or International/: ________________________
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________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)
______________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________

Study 2:
Local or International/: ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)
______________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________

Study 3:
Local or International/: ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)

______________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________

Study 4:
Local or International/: ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)
______________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________

Study 5:
Local or International/: ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)
______________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________

Additional Study:
Local or International/: ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Source: (Guide: USE APA FORMAT)