LESSON 2

WHAT I KNOW

1. Carbon dioxide and water

2. Carbohydrates (glucose) and molecular oxygen

WHAT IS IT

1. A. in the light reactions, energy from sunlight drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH, coupled to
the formation of O2 from H20.

B. in the dark reactions (named because they do not require sunlight), the ATP and NADPH
produced by the light reactions drive glucose synthesis.

2. Carbon Fixation

Reduction

Regeneration of RuBP

3. The reactants for photosynthesis are light energy, water, carbon

dioxide and chlorophyll, while the products are glucose (sugar), oxygen and water.

WHAT’S MORE

1. A. Light-energy; pigment (chlorophyll)

A. Electrons
2. B. electrons, NADP+, H2O, electron acceptors
B. NADPH, 02
3. C. Proton gradient, ADP + P, ATP synthase
C. ATP
2. Ribulose bisphosphate, CO2, ATP, NADPH, necessary enzymes
2. Carbohydrates, ADP + P, NADP+

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T

LESSON 3
WHAT I KNOW

1. Carbohydrates

2.

1. Aerobic respiration, the process that does use oxygen, produces much more energy and doesn’t
produce lactic acid. It also produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, which then enters
the circulatory system.
2. Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).
Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron
transport chain.
3. Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic
acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate (/paɪˈruːveɪt/), the conjugate base,
CH3COCOO−, is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.
4. Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in
organic substrates through the action of enzymes.
5. Glycolysis – means “sugar-splitting” that occurs in the cytosol of the cell. It does not require
oxygen to breakdown glucose into pyruvate.
6. Krebs cycle – completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and produces 2
ATP.
7. Electron Transport Chain – contains the chain members (carrier and protein complexes, ATP
synthase complex and ATP channel protein. These membrane proteins shuttle electrons during
the redox reactions. The electrons will be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis.

WHAT’S NEW

ALIKE:

 they both use glucose as the starting molecule. This is called the substrate.
  both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce ATP, however, aerobic respiration produces a
lot more ATP compared to anaerobic respiration.
 Food is oxidized in both cases and energy is released.

DIFFERENT

AEROBIC

 Aerobic respiration takes place in presence of oxygen.

 The end products of Aerobic Respiration are Carbon dioxide and water.
 Aerobic respiration releases more energy
  Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water from the reaction (as well as
the ATP). 
 Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and is only completed when there is a plentiful
supply of oxygen.
  Aerobic respiration creates relatively larger amounts of energy by breaking down
sugars in the presence of oxygen creating water and carbon dioxide as products. 

ANAEROBIC

 anaerobic respiration takes place in absence of oxygen.

 The end products of anaerobic respiration are lactic acid and Alcohol.
 Anaerobic respiration doesn’t release more energy
  anaerobic respiration only produces lactic acid.
 Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen, and so can be used when there is a small
oxygen supply, so we can still produce some ATP, for example when completing
vigorous exercise.
 Anaerobic respiration creates relatively smaller amounts of energy, but does not need
oxygen.

WHAT IS IT

Aerobic respiration provides energy to fuel all Anaerobic respiration transfers energy from

cellular processes. glucose to cells.
Cytoplasm (glycolysis) and mitochondria Cytoplasm

 produce up to 38 ATP per glucose.   yield only 2 ATP per glucose.

Sustainable Not sustainable

Aerobic respiration utilizes oxygen to Anaerobic respiration can sustain energy for

facilitate energy production and one to three minutes by producing lactic
the production of energy without the use of acid.
oxygen.

Aerobic respiration, which takes place in the
presence of oxygen, evolved
after oxygen was added to Earth's
atmosphere. 
 the NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized
to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis again.
Most cells
 anaerobic organisms that evolved before the
atmosphere contained oxygen have survived
to the present.
oxygen-deficient conditions, NADH gets
converted back
to NAD through anaerobic mechanisms,
whether homolactic or alcoholic fermentation.
Fungi prokaryotes and muscle cells

VENN DIAGRAM

DIFFERENCES

AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Aerobic respiration, the process that does use oxygen, produces much more energy and doesn’t
produce lactic acid. It also produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, which then enters
the circulatory system.

Aerobic respiration provides energy to fuel all cellular processes.

produce up to 38 ATP per glucose. 

Aerobic respiration is sustainable

Aerobic respiration utilizes oxygen to facilitate energy production and the production of

energy without the use of oxygen.

Aerobic respiration, which takes place in the presence of oxygen, evolved after oxygen was
added to Earth's atmosphere. 

the NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis again.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).

Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron
transport chain.

Anaerobic respiration transfers energy from glucose to cells.

The site of reaction of Anaerobic Respiration is Cytoplasm.

The production of ATP yield only 2 ATP per glucose.

The sustainability of Anaerobic respiration is not sustainable.

Anaerobic respiration can sustain energy for one to three minutes by producing lactic acid.

anaerobic organisms that evolved before the atmosphere contained oxygen have survived to

the present.

oxygen-deficient conditions, NADH gets converted back

to NAD through anaerobic mechanisms, whether homolactic or alcoholic fermentation.

SIMILARITIES

Both take place inside cells

food is broken down to release energy.
Both produce by products.

 both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce ATP

Energy is released in both reactions.

WHAT’S MORE

1. Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation

2. Aerobic respiration – molecular oxygen, anaerobic respiration – nitrate or sulfate, fermentation
– pyruvate
3. Water and carbon dioxide
4. Anaerobic respiration – ATP, water reduced acceptor (nitrate or sulfate), fermentation, ATP,
carbon dioxide, alcohol or lactate.
5. Fermentation and Anaerobic respiration

MAJOR EVENTS AND FEATURES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

a. Pyruvate, ATP, NADH c. Glucose, ATP, NAD+, ADP Pi

d. Pyruvate, Coenzyme A, NAD+ a. Acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH

e. Acetyl CoA, H20, NAD+, FAD, ADP Pi b. CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

b. NADH, FADH2, 02, ADP Pi c. ATP, H20, NAD+, FAD

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. True
2. True
3. Partial or Incomplete
4. Cristae or Folds
5. True
6. Krebs cycle
7. True
8. True
9. 7.3 kcal
10. Glycolysis

B.

1. Glucose
2. NADH
 3. Electron Transport Chain
4. ATP

C.

1. Aerobic Respiration
2. Photosynthesis

POST ASSESSMENT

1. B
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. A