RECEL ANN M.

RIVERA 12 DESCARTES

1. Provide a background of the following:

- Systematic Review
 A systematic review is defined as “a review of the evidence on a clearly
formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select
and critically appraise relevant primary research, and to extract and analyze
data from the studies that are included in the review.”
- Scoping Review
 Scoping reviews are "preliminary assessment of potential size and scope of
available research literature.  Aims to identify nature and extent of research
evidence (usually including ongoing research)." A scoping review is a relatively
new approach to evidence synthesis and differs from systematic reviews in its
purpose and aims. 1. The purpose of a scoping review is to provide an overview
of the available research evidence without producing a summary answer to a
discrete research question.
- Meta-analysis
 Meta-analysis is a statistical method to combine results of different studies,
especially those with small sample size or with conflicting results. Often an
important component of systematic reviews. Meta-analysis can be performed
when there are multiple scientific studies addressing the same question, with
each individual study reporting measurements that are expected to have some
degree of error.
2. Differentiate by presenting a table:
- Systematic Review
- Scoping Review

Scoping Review Systematic Review

Research questions are often broad Focused research questions with narrow
parameters

Inclusion/exclusion can be developed post Inclusion/exclusion usually defined at outset

hoc

Quality not an initial property Quality filters often applied

May or may not involve data extraction Detailed data extraction

Synthesis is more qualitative and typically Quantitative synthesis often performed

RECEL ANN M. RIVERA 12 DESCARTES

not quantitative

3. How to do a systematic and scoping review?

 There are 6 steps to do a systematic and scoping review. First, Formulate a

question. What problem are you trying to address by conducting the review?
The research problem should be a structured and unambiguous question.
Second, develop protocol. The protocol is extremely important in systematic
reviews. The protocol specifies the methods to be used in the review with the
aim of minimizing bias. Transparency is key to a good systematic review, so the
protocol needs to be clearly stated. Third, conduct search. Conduct a search to
find relevant articles for the systematic review. The search strategy will be
outlined in the protocol. Once the protocol is in place, the searching process can
begin. Use a structured search methodology when conducting a search. Fourth,
select studies and assess study quality. Once all results are gathered and de-
duplicated, begin screening and assessing the studies. First, screen studies for
relevance. Second, assess the quality of the remaining studies. Fifth, extract data
and analyze/summarize and synthesize relevant studies. Once the included
studies are finalized, use a data extraction form or systematic review software to
extract all relevant data from each study. When the data has been extracted,
analyze then synthesize the results. Sixth, interpret results. The last step is to
interpret the results of the systematic review and disseminate them. This step
involves writing up the systematic review.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of scoping review and systematic
review?

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 1. Deliver a clear and 1. Often more time

comprehensive overview of consuming
available evidence on a given 2. Government
topic reports and policy
2. Bias is reduced by the uses of a documents are not
systematic method for selecting usually included,
studies for the review which may bias
3. Transparency of the perspective
methodology and search 3.
strategy enhaces the reliability
of the review
4. More rigorous
RECEL ANN M. RIVERA 12 DESCARTES

SCOPING REVIEW 1. Provide a comprehensive 1. The quality of

overview of newer topics studies is not
2. Allow for assessment of the assessed in a
feasibility of a systematic review scoping review
within a topic 2. Relevant studies
3. Consider a range of source may not be
included without a
systematic
approach to
selecting studies
3. Screening all
relevant literature
can be time
consuming
4. Lack of depth in the
summary of
findings

5. Choose a topic that can be done best for systematic and scoping reviews. Provide a
support information or background to support your answer

Systematic Review

- Effect of low- glycemmic index diet in the management of diabetes

- The use of diets low glycemmic index in the management of diabetes is
controversial around the world. They will provide a meta-analysis of randomized
control trial to know whether low glycemmic index will improve overall Glycemic
control in oindividuals with diabetes.

Scoping Review

- Impact of urban agriculture production on determining health kfactors

- An increasing interest in urban agriculture practice and research has been
happening in recent years. Soem have already reported numerous adverse
impacts of urban agriculture on health related outcomes.
RECEL ANN M. RIVERA 12 DESCARTES

Works Cited
(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.lib.uwo.ca/tutorials/how_to_perform_a_systematic_review/index.html

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/systematic-literature-

review/0/steps/89027

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-6885z

Heidi Sucharew, M. M. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.journalofhospitalmedicine.com/jhospmed/article/202729/hospital-medicine/methods-
research-evidence-synthesis-scoping-review#:~:text=A%20scoping%20review%20is%20a,to%20a
%20discrete%20research%20question.

J. Sánchez-Meca, F. M.-M. (n.d.). Retrieved from International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition),
2010: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/meta-analysis

Jan Glover, D. I. (n.d.). University Libraries. Retrieved from https://guides.temple.edu/c.php?

g=78618&p=4178713

Lewis, s. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Differences-between-systematic-

and-narrative-reviews_tbl1_270054557/amp