Care of the Elderly

Presented by:
ROSELILY COQUILLA

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Concepts,
Principles and Theories
in the Care of Older
Adults

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Perspective on Aging

Aging is a complex process

➢ Chronologically,
physiologically, functionally.

Chronologic Age
➢ the number of years a person
has lived
➢ Most often used when we
speak of aging.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Demography of Aging
and Implications for Health
and Nursing Care
Global Aging
➢Population ageing is the 21st
century’s dominant
demographic phenomenon.
➢Rapid explosion of cohorts to
the older ages are causing
elder shares to rise
throughout the world.
➢Unprecedented in human
history
Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Demography of Aging
and Implications for Health
and Nursing Care
Aging in the Philippines
➢The population of older
Filipinos is increasing
significantly.
➢ In 2000–2010, Filipinos aged
60 and over had the highest
growth rate at 3.2%,
compared with those in the
age group 15–59 at 2.0%, and
children (below 15) at 0.9%.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Demography of Aging
and Implications for Health
and Nursing Care
Aging in the Philippines
➢Older Filipinos, recorded at 6
million in 2010, are projected
to increase to 12 million by
2025 (based on the medium-
term assumption of the 2010
census - based population
projection by the Philippine Statistics
Authority and Inter-Agency Working
Group on Population Projections
(2016).

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Demography of Aging
and Implications for Health
and Nursing Care
Areas that need judicious
planning and preparation for
the rise of older Filipinos
➢Health and general well-
being
➢Economic and social support
➢Long Term Care (LTC)

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Demography of Aging and
Implications for Health and
Nursing Care

Health Implications (Philippines)

➢ Many older Filipinos are in poor
health
➢Many older Filipinos have limited
access to healthcare.
➢Long-term care is mostly in the
hands of family and kin

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Demography of Aging and
Implications for Health and
Nursing Care

Nursing Care Implications ( United

States)
➢ there is going to be a huge
need for more qualified Nurses,
doctors and medical
professionals who understand
and work with the elderly.
➢continued strain on Nurses and
other medical professionals

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 REFLECTION BY A NURSING PROFESSOR

Some years ago, as death was approaching for a 91-

year-old gentleman, his family gathered at the
hospital. His wife of 69 years asked that “the children”
Impact of aging come into the room. This sounded rather strange
because “the children "were all in their 60s, the
Members in the grandchildren were all mature adults, and the great-
grandchildren were fast approaching adulthood. It
Family sounded even stranger to me, because this older man
was my grandfather, and my father was “the
baby” of the family.

Gloria Wold

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Impact of aging Members in the
Family
1. The nurse and family interaction.
2. Abuse or neglect by family.
• Physical abuse
✓neglect
• Emotional Abuse
• Financial Abuse
• Abandonement
• Responses to abuse

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Impact of aging Members in the
Family
3. Abuse by unrelated caregiver
4. Support Groups
5. Respite Care

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Theories of Aging and its Nursing
Implications.
1. Biological Theories
2. Psychosocial Theories

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Nursing Implication
1. Physical/ Biological theories
▪ Nursing can help individuals
achieve the longest,
healthiest lives possible by
promoting good health
maintenance practices and a
healthy environment.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Nursing Implication
2. Psychosocial theories
▪ can help nurses recognize problems
and provide nursing interventions that
will help aging individuals successfully
meet the developmental tasks of
aging.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
INTRODUCTION
Aging is a natural process.
According to World Health Organization, ageing
is a course of biological reality which starts at
conception and ends with death. It has its own
dynamics, much beyond human control.
In this chapter, you understand the details of
ageing processes and associated physiological
changes.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Physiologic Changes of Aging

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Integumentary System

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Roselily Coquilla, RN
Aging Of Respiratory
System

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Cardiovascular System
Changes

Enlargement of heart chambers and

coronary cells

increased thickening of heart walls,

especially in the left ventricle

Vascular Aging – arterial stiffness

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System Changes

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Gastrointestinal Changes

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Urinary
System
Changes

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Nervous System Changes
Aging is associated with many
neurological disorders, as the
capacity of the brain to transmit
signals and communicate reduces.
❖Loss of brain function
❖Multiple other
neurodegenerative changes
❖Cognition decline
❖Memory Learning and
intelligence
Roselily Coquilla, RN
Sensory System
Changes
Changes on Special Senses
❖Vision
❖Hearing
❖Taste Acuity
❖Smell
❖Touch

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Endocrine System
Changes
 Menopause

Changes in Vagina becomes narrower and shorter.

Reproductive Vaginal wall tend to become thin and

System (Female) weaken and loss elasticity.

Less vaginal discharge

Vaginal pH would shift into alkaline

environment.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Testes, decrease in
Andropause
size and weight.
.

Desline in sperm Prostate Gland

production become thinner

Penis begins to
Less intense
show fibrous
orgasm and
changes in erectile
ejaculation
tissue.

Changes in Reproductive
System (Male)
Roselily Coquilla, RN
Reference

Cruz, G. T., J. N. Natividad, and Y. Saito (2019), ‘Activities, Social Isolation, and Information
Technology’, in G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, and Y. Saito (eds.), Ageing and Health in the Philippines,
Jakarta, Indonesia: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, pp. 215-226.

Roselily Coquilla, RN
 Reference

https://dl.uswr.ac.ir/bitstream/Hannan/130070/
1/9780323187749.pdf

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Midterm Topics
Read in advance:
❖Nursing Care of the Older Adult in Wellness
❖Assessment
❖Planning for Health Promotion, Health Maintenance and
Home Health Considerations
❖Implementation
❖Nursing Care of the Older Adult in Chronic Illness

Roselily Coquilla, RN
Roselily Coquilla, RN