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My distinguished padlet
Made with no regrets, whatsoever
COTHUY WSC NOV 17, 2020 01:03AM

Rosie (Mạnh 8A17) reflection

What have I learned today?
1. I could con dently de ne phonemes, allophones and tell them
apart.
2. I have studied 3 phonological rules including assimilation,
dissimilation and insertion. At the same time, I have listened to
the classmates talking about deletion, froting and exchange rule.
3. We know about two phonological models and its main tools.
4. We learn the 4 steps in the procedure of C.A.

Uyen, Thu Ha, Phuong Linh 2A17

Hường Oanh Yến Loan 8a17.

  /sd/ is not a possible combination in English, eethe alveolar
stop /d/ becomes the alveolar nasal /n/, which is the only
voiced alveolar allowed following /s/; thus /skr/ has become
/sn/, and the velar /k/ that is now in initial position in the
second word becomes the voiced velar /g/. So even when we
"mess up," we do not violate our language's phonotactic
constraints.

Tran Trang 6a17

Ngọc + Phương + Quỳnh Anh 10A17

scr (scratch)- sn (snatch) as the two different consonants stand
together , then it makes one's tongue twisted. As a result, the
latter pronounced differently
* Daddy - Graddy : this is a kind of assimilation phenomenon,
when a consonant 'G "stands before "d" ,it is assimilated 

Tường Vân, Mai Phương, Phương Lan, Mỹ

Duyên 5A 17
In this situation the /kr/ of scratching and /d/ of daddy
exchange. Then we have /sd/ sound but it is not possible in
English, so the alveolar stop /d/ changes into alveolar nasal /n/
and we have /sn/ sound. The velar/k/ now in initial position in
the second good becomes the voiced velar /g/

Quỳnh 16A17 - Thu 3A17

It’s a kind of asimilation
Actually it should be “sdatching...” but /s/ and /d/ can not form
a cluster in English

Trần Diệu Linh + Vũ Thị Hữu

It follows exchange rules and assimilation rules
sCRatching Daddy's back
sDatching CRaddy's back
sNatching GRaddy's back

Thu Huế 1A17 + Thanh Huyền 1A17 +

Phương Thảo 4A17
*scr (scratch)- sn (snatch) as the two different consonants stand
together , then it makes one's tongue twisted. As a result, the
latter pronounced differently
* Daddy - Graddy : this is a kind of assimilation phenomenon,
when a consonant 'G "stands before "d" ,it is assimilated 

Lê Thị Minh - Vũ Thị Vy - 16a17

- scr (scratch)- sn (snatch) as the two different consonants stand
together , then it makes one's tongue twisted. 
- Daddy - Graddy : this is a kind of assimilation phenomenon,
when a consonant 'g "stands before "d" ,it is assimilated. 
Đắc Mạnh, Thu Hằng, Lan Anh (8A17)
The /kr/ of “scratching” and the /d/ of “daddy” exchange.
However, since /sd/ is not a possible combination in English,
LAn Anh, Huyền 10A 17 the alveolar stop /d/ becomes the alveolar nasal /n/, which is
the only voiced alveolar allowed following /s/; thus /skr/ has
*scr (scratch)- sn (snatch) as the two different consonants stand
become /sn/, and the velar /k/ that is now in initial position in
together , then it makes one's tongue twisted. As a result, the
the second word becomes the voiced velar /g/. So even when
latter pronounced differently
we "mess up," we do not violate our language's phonotactic
* Daddy - Graddy : this is a kind of assimilation phenomenon,
constraints.
when a consonant 'G "stands before "d" ,it is assimilated 

Cao Thị Phương Anh + Nguyễn Thủy Tiên

Khánh, linh, ngọc anh 12a17
7A17

Hằng, Thùy Anh, Khánh, Dương (2A17)

Trang, Thúy, Minh (2A-17)

/skr/ from "scratching" and /d/ from "daddy" exchange 

Hương quỳnh + Vân 6a17

In this situation the /kr/ of scratching and /d/ of daddy
exchange. Then we have /sd/ sound but it is not possible in
English, so the alveolar stop /d/ changes into alveolar nasal /n/
and we have /sn/ sound. The velar/k/ now in initial position in
the second good becomes the voiced velar /g/
Hien and Mai Anh 4a17
scrat-> snat : switch from  /'d/ becomes the alveolar nasal /n/, which is the only voiced
Hà, Thảo, Thủy 10A17
-  /kr/ of scratching and the /d/ of Daddy exchange. 
However, hints /sd/ is not a possible combination in English,
the alveolar slop 
- /'d/ becomes the alveolar nasal /n/, which is the only voiced
alveolar allowed following /'s/; thus /skr/ tins become /sn/,
and the velar /k/ that is now in initial position in the second
word becomes the voiced velar /g/.  [l] is a voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when /l/
So when we "messy up," we do not violate our language's
phonotactic constraints.
Thúy 4A+Tuyết 7A+Phương Anh13A
*scr (scratch)- sn (snatch) as the two different consonants stand
together , then it makes one's tongue twisted. As a result, the
latter pronounced differently
* Daddy - Graddy : this is a kind of assimilation phenomenon,
when a consonant 'G "stands before "d" ,it is assimilated  [l] : occur when it is the rst segment of a syllable. Lateral
Anh Thu 14A17
/n/ and /d/ are both labio-dental, whereas /k/ and /g/ in
/kr/ and /gr/ are both velar plosives. And according to English
phonotactics, what "sounds right" usually involves balanced and
harmonious movement between places of the mouth. Therefore
when you start off with the wrong position 
(front->back instead of back->front of the mouth), you naturally
move to the next (also wrong) position. 
Nguyễn Thị Mỵ 10A17 + Hoàng Thị Xuân
10A17 + Nguyễn Phương Anh 7A17
When a person misspeaks, they are inadvertently revealing
repressed or secret desires.
It occurs most frequently when individuals are under stress or
speaking quickly.
Trang, Ngọc Linh, Mai Anh -8a17
The /kr/ of scratching and the /d/ of Daddy exchange. The
alveolar stop /d/ becomes the alveolar nasal /n/. /skr/ ->
/sn/.
Lê Thị Thu Uyên + Trịnh Thị Dung 4A17
Dung + Yến + Nguyễn Thảo 7A-17
In this example, the /kr/ of scratching and the /d/ of Daddy
exchange. 
However, hints /sd/ is not a possible combination in English,
the alveolar slop 
alveolar allowed 
following /'s/; thus /skr/ tins become /sn/, and the velar /k/
that is now in initial position in the second word becomes the
voiced velar /g/. So when we "messy up," we do not violate our
language's phonotactic constraints.
Hồng Anh, Thuyết, Hồng 15a
Ex1: 
is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in “lip”.
[l̥ ] is a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant, such as in “play”.
[ɫ] is a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is at the end of a syllable, such as in “feel”.
Thu Trang + Ngoc Mai + Mai Phuong (1A17)
Exercise 1:
alveolar approximant - Voiced. Eg: luck
2nd [l] : occur when ‘l’ directly follows a voiceless consonant.
Lateral alveolar approximant - Voiceless. Eg: please
3rd [l] : occur when ‘l’ is at the end of a syllable. Velarized lateral
alveolar approximant  - Voiced. Eg: bicycle
Exercise 2:
The two [n] are allophones
The rst [n]: occurs when it is the rst segment of a  syllable or
stands between 2 vowels or between 1 vowel and 1 voiceless
consonant.
The second [n]: occurs when it is between 1 vowel and 1 voiced
consonant 
Exercise 3:
The two [a] are seperate phonemes
LAn Anh 11a17
Ex1: 
[l]: stands at the beginning of the word (luck)
[l̥ ]: follows a voiceless aspirated consonant (please)
[ɫ]:  occurs at the end of a syllable (bicycle)
Ex2:
They are separated phonemes. 
No, they occur in the same position. 
[n]: word-initial positon or after a vowel + before an alveolar
consonants
[ng]: after a vowel or after a vowel + before a velar consonant.
Trần Diệu Linh + Vũ Thị Hữu
 especially in child language as many kids front most velar sounds
during their early years of lang. acquisition.

Daddy's -> Graddy can be explained in a similar manner.

Dung + Hương Linh 15A17

Ex1: 
[l] is a voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when /l/
is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in “lip”.
[l̥ ] is a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant, such as in “play”.
[ɫ] is a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is at the end of a syllable, such as in “feel”.

Quynh Anh, Phuong Thao, Linh Giang

Ex1: 
[l] is a voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when /l/
is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in “lip”.
[l̥ ] is a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant, such as in “play”.
Khánh, yến, linh 12A12 [ɫ] is a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is at the end of a syllable, such as in “feel”.
Ex2: 

Oanh+ Yến + Hường 8A17

Dư Thị Thanh Huyền

Scratching -> Snatching
=> Slips of tongue here can only be a switch from a velar
consonant /k/ to an alveolar one /n/. This is due to the
phonological rule "fronting" causing a segment produced in the
back of the mouth to a segment produced at the front of the Mi 12A17+ My 11A17
mouth. This process occurs frequently in casual, fast speech and
 Ex1:
- Clear [l] stands after consonant or happens at the end of
words 
- Dark [l] stands before consonant, occurs at the end of word 
Ex2: 
[n] standee after vowels and before alveolar consonant 

Uyen Thu Ha Phuong Linh 2A17

ex1: 
darl l: occurs at the end of words (call, trial) and before
consonants (milk, hold)
clear l: occurs before a vowel (lap,lord) or before the glide /j/
(billiard, scallion)
devoiced l: occurs after voiceless sounds

Ngọc Linh, Hoài Trang (8a17)

Ex1: 
-       L1: before vowels or /j/: the tip of blade of the tongue is
raised against the 
-       L2: after a voiceless plosive in stressed syllable.
-       L3: before consonants (except /j/) or at the end of words.

Ex2: 
-       [n], [ŋ] are allophone.
Tran Trang 6a17 -       [n] when it occurs before vowels /t/& /d/
1. -       [ŋ] when it stands before /k/ & /g/ 
L1: stand at the beginning of a word, before vowels
L2: stand after aspirated consonant Ex3: 
L3: at the end of a word -       [a] [a:] appears in the same position of two words 
Ex: [rak]: to put
  [ra:k]: cray sh
=> These sounds allophones of separate phonemes.
Nguyễn Phương Anh 7A + Hoàng Thị Xuân
10A + Nguyễn Thị Mỵ 10A
Lê Hiếu 2A17 - Kim Huy 2A17 - Sơn 8A17-
Ex1: 
VH Việt 9A17
[l]: stands at the beginning of the word (luck)
[l̥ ]: follows a voiceless aspirated consonant (please) Exercise 1:
[ɫ]:  occurs at the end of a syllable (bicycle) The rule that determined when each allophone of the phoneme
Ex2: /l/ occurs is:
They are separated phonemes.  - Dark /l/ in words like pill or isle appears at the end of words.
No, they occur in the same position.  - Approximants /l/ in words like play or clue appears after a
[n]: word-initial positon or after a vowel + before an alveolar voiceless plosive in stressed syllable.
consonants - Clear /l/ in words like lip, lie, blue and glue appears before
[ng]: after a vowel or after a vowel + before a velar consonant. vowels or /j/.
Ex3:  Exercise 2:
They are different allophones of one phoneme.  These two sounds are allophones of one phoneme. They do not
occur in the same positions. 

Diễm Quỳnh 5A17

Mai Anh & Khánh Huyền 3A17
Kr of /scatching/ and d of /daddy/ exchange because of errors Exercise 1:
in speaking [l1]: standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant. It is the 1st
segment of a syllable 
[l2]: voiceless lateranl alveolar approximant. It follows a voiceless
consonant
[l3]: voiced lateral dental approximant. It follows an interdental
consonant 
[l4]: voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. It is at the end
of a syllable Hướng - Thảo 15A17
1. The rst l is the beginning of the word, or stand after a
consonant and before a vowel - 
Thùy - Thương - K Trang 3A17 Hoài 14A17 the second l stand after the unvoiced sounds 
1. The clear /l/ is standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant the third l is the ending sound of the word 
occurs when it's the rst segment of syllable. E.g: lip, lie 2  . They are allophones 
The voiceless lateral alveolar approximants [l°] & [l~] occur when 3.
they directly follow a voiceless consonant 
[l°] follows a voiceless consonant such as play, clue
[l~] follows an interdental consonant or stand at the end of word Tu Mai 4A17 Tuan 16A17 Part II
such as pill, isle.
- [n]: at the beginning position of a word or after a vowel +
before an alveolar consonants
- [ŋ]: after a vowel or after a vowel & before a velar consonant
--> /n/ as an allophone
Vân + Vân Anh + Ngọc 6A17
Ex 1:
- [l] is the begining of the word, or stand after a consonant and Thanh Nhàn + Quang Thành 2A171
before a vowel 
- [l̥ ] stands after voiceless aspirated consonants Ex1:
- [ɫ] is the ending sound of the word  Clear /l/: stand before vowels or between a vowel and
consonant (lip)
Ex 2 Dark /l/: stands after the vowels 
[ŋ]: before a velar consonant (k,g)  Devoiced /l/: when preceded by a voiceless sound 
[n]: other sounds except k,g  Ex2:
- [n]: word-initial position or after a vowel and before an alveolar
Ex 3: consonants
- [ng]: after a vowel or after a vowel and before a velar
consonant

Trần Diệu Tú Anh + Nguyễn Thanh Mai 9A17

Phạm Hoa + Hạnh
Ex 1:
- the rst [l] is the begining of the word, or stand after a Ex 1:
consonant and before a vowel  /l/ When it is followed by a vowel it is called “clear l” and when
- the second [l] stands after the unvoiced sounds: p,k it stands in the rst position of the word . For example,  the /l/
- the third [l] is the ending sound of the word used in land and elegant is exactly the same as that in largo  and
elegante.
Ex 2:  -/lo/ when it comes after an unvoiced sound and before a vowel
Yes they are two allophones of one phoneme. No, they don't -
occur in same position. Especially, "n" can move around when
"ng" happens in xed position after a vowel in a word.
Duyen, Phuong, Huong 9A
Ex 3: they are two allophones of a phoneme
Ex 1:
- the rst [l] is the begining of the word, or stand after a
consonant and before a vowel 
Hương Giang 15A17, Ngọc Ánh 14A17 - the second [l] stands after the unvoiced sounds: p,k
Ex1: - the third [l] is the ending sound of the word 
 - l1: clear [l], stand before vowels or after voiced consonants Ex 2:
- l2: stand after voiceless aspirated consonants  -Yes, they are two allophones of one phoneme.
- l3: dark [l], stand at the of the words - No, they don't occur in same position. Especially
Ex2:  Especially, "n" can move around when "ng" happens in xed
- [n]: stand at initial position of the words or stand before position after a vowel in a word
alveolar consonants 
- [ŋ] stand before velar consonants 
Quỳnh+ Cường+ Nghĩa 6a17
Ex1: 
[l]: stands at the beginning of the word
[l̥ ]: follows a voiceless aspirated consonant
[ɫ]:  occurs at the end of a syllable
Ex2:
Both are phonemes. Because the phoneme [n] sounds the same
even standing at different positions of words.
Ex3
Trần Anh 11a17, Phương 11a17, Trinh 6a17
Here are some words that start with the /l/ phoneme
Lip, lie
Here are some words with the /l/ phoneme sound in the
middle  1. The [l] appears when it isn't preceded by any phonemes: lip
Play, clue
And here are some words that end with an l sound.
Pill, isle,   It is called clear /l/.
Dư Thị Thanh Huyền
Ex1.
- [l]: occurs before vowels, voicedproduced with simultaneous
higher raising of the front of the tongue (not the back)
- Velarized [l]: occurs before consonants and as the nal syllable,
voiced, with the tongue assuming a spoon-like shape with its
back part raised
- Devoiced [l]: occurs after any of the fortis plosives in stress
syllables, pronounced without vibration of the vocal folds during
its duration
Ex2:  Ngọc Anh (12A17)
- [n]: word-initial positon or after a vowel + before an alveolar
consonants
- [ng]: after a vowel or after a vowel + before a velar consonant
=> allophones of /n/
Ex3: two different phonemes
Đàm Thị Nhật Minh, Vũ Minh Thúy, Vũ Thu
Trang (2A-17)
Exercise 1:
- [l], standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is the rst segment of a syllable
- [l̥ ], voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant
- [ɫ], a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is at the end of a syllable.
Exercise 2:
They are allophones of /n/
The Italian phoneme /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before velar stops ([g]
and [k]) and as [n] everywhere else.  consonant.
Exercise 3:
Ngọc - Thảo - Ánh - Hà 3A17
Ex 1:
- L is pronounced dark [l] when it stands at the end of the word.
- L is pronounced devoiced [l] when it stands between an
aspirated consonant and a vowel.
- L is pronounced clear [l] when it stands before a vowel or
between a vowel and a consonant.
Ex 2: [ŋ] and [n] are allophones
- [ŋ]: when "n" stands before /k/, /g/
- [n]: when "n" stands before vowels, /t/ and /d/.
Ex 3: They are 2 allophones of a phoneme.
Thúy 4A+Tuyết 7A+Phương Anh 13A
[lip], lie [lay],.. Or it is preceded not by /p/, /t/, /k/: blue [ bl̥ u],
glue [ gl̥ u].
The [ł] is the result of [l] being glottalized when:
• it comes after a vowel: pill [pił], isle [aył]
-> it is called dark /l/.
The [l̥ ] is an approximant being devoiced after initial /p/, /t/,
/k/: play [ pl̥ ei], clue [ kl̥ u.]
2. [n] and [ng] in Italian are separate phonemes. First they are
not a minimal pair. 
Environment: [ng] occurs before a velar stop, [n] occurs
elsewhere.
Đàm Hiếu - Nguyễn Thoa - Phan Loan -
 Exercise 1:
  Rules: [l] after consonants -> aspirated [l]
             [l] at the beginning of the sound -> clear [l]
             [l] at the end of the sound -> dark [l]
Exercise 2:
- They are NOT allophones bc the meanings are different.
- The positions are not the same: [n] can stand at the beginning
and the middle of the sound, but the other can only stand at the
middle of the sound.
Exercise 3:
- They are NOT allophones bc the meanings are different.
- The positions are not the same: [a:] can stand at the beginning,
the middle and the end of the sound, but [a] can stand at the
beginning and the end of the sound only. 
Anh Thu 14A17
1. 
[l̥ ]: (devoiced alveolar lateral approximant) follows a plosive
[ɫ]: (velarized alveolar lateral approximant): at the end position of
a word, after a consonant
[l] (alveolar lateral approximant): before a vowel (sometimes written as a partially devoiced, AKA mixed-voice, l).
This occurs when /l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant,
2. such as in “please”.
/n/ is realized as [ŋ] before a velar plosive in the next syllable. [ɫ] or [ɤ], which is a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant
[ŋ] only occurs in the syllable-end position, unlike [n], which can (sometimes written as a mid-high back unrounded vowel,
also stand at the start of a syllable. depending on the degree of alveolar closure). This occurs when
/l/ is at the end of a syllable, such as in “bicycle”.
3. They are separate phonemes, considering  [rak] and [ra:k] Exercise 2: 
mean two different things. When /n/ lies between a vowel and a voiceless consonant
They can both occur as the nuclear of a syllable ([tenda]), it is pronounced [n]. 
When /n/ lies between a vowel and a voiced consonant, it is
pronounced ~ [ng]. 
My 9A17 + Mai 14A17
Ex1:
 [l] occurs when l stands at the beginning of the word or after
unvoiced sounds.
Hồng Anh, Mai Anh, Loan (8A-17)
。
[I ]occurs when it stand after aspirated sounds.
[ł]occurs when it stands after a vower.
Ex2: 
Yes they are two allophones of one phoneme. No, they don't
occur in same position. Especially, "n" can move around when
"ng" happens in xed position after a vowel in a word
Ex3: 

Hằng - Khánh - Dương - Thùy Anh (2A17)

1. 
- [l] in lips, lie: voiced lateral alveolar approximant ( it is the rst
segment of a syllable and stands before vowels), 
- [l] in play, clue: a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant (it
follows voiceless consonants)
- [l] in pill, isle: voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant ( it
stands at the end of the words)
- [l] in blue, glue: voiced lateral dental approximant (it directly
follows an interdental consonant)
2.
- [n] in

Phương Thảo 4A17 + Thanh Huyền + Thu

Huế 1A17
Exercise 1: 
L1: a voiced lateral alveolar approximant
L2: a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant
Phạm Hoa, Hạnh
L3: a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant
Exercise 2:
Cao Thị Phương Anh + Nguyễn Thủy Tiên
7A17
Exe 1: 
Hường + Thắm + Trà + Linh Trang 1A17 Clear /l/ occurs before vowels, at the beginning
Exercise 1:  E.g. live
[l], which is your standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant. Dark /l/ occurs after vowel, before consonants or at the nal
This occurs when /l/ is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in position
“luck”. E.g. ll
[l̥ ] or [l̥͡ l], which is a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant Devoiced /l/ occurs when /l/ is preceded by a  voiceless sound
E.g: play
Hoàng Anh and Khánh Tú
Ex 1:
- the rst [l] is the begining of the word, or stand after a
consonant and before a vowel - the second [l] stands after the
unvoiced sounds: p,k - the third [l] is the ending sound of the
word
Ex 2:
Yes they are two allophones of one phoneme. No, they don't
occur in same position.  such as in “please”.
Especially, "n" can move around when "ng" happens before /k/
or /g/
Tú Mai 4A17 Tuấn 16A17
Ex 1:  Normally, at the beginning of a word, or even at the start of
a syllable, we get a nice, clear [l] sound. You put your tongue up
against that ridge behind your top teeth, curl the sides of your
tongues down, and let the air ow out smoothly. That's what we
see in words like light or leaf. Just try saying them and see how it
feels.
But on the other hand, when we nd that /l/ at the end of a
word or syllable, it gets done differently. You push up the back of
your tongue towards the roof of your mouth, the sides still curl
down, and your tongue nudges up towards the same ridge at the
front. That's the sound you make at the end of pull or feel. Try
holding your tongue there and feeling the difference; it can
really stand out strongly if you do leaf and then feel. This version
of /l/, that you produce further back in your throat, is known as
the dark l, and is written in the International Phonetic Alphabet
as [ɫ].
Ex
Lan Anh, Huyền 10A17
kim jeahoon & ryu juhong (1A-17)
[l], which is your standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant.
This occurs when /l/ is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in
“luck”.
[l̥ ] or [l̥͡ l], which is a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant
(sometimes written as a partially devoiced, AKA mixed-voice, l).
This occurs when /l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant,
[l̪ ], which is a voiced lateral dental approximant. This occurs
when /l/ directly follows an interdental consonant, such as in
“athlete”.
[ɫ] or [ɤ], which is a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant
(sometimes written as a mid-high back unrounded vowel,
depending on the degree of alveolar closure). This occurs when
/l/ is at the end of a syllable, such as in “bicycle”.
Lê Thị Thảo, Dương Thị Ngân, Vũ Thị Vy -
16A17
Ex1:
1. Clear /l/:
- occur before vowels
- is produced with the tongue tip or blade on the alveolar ridge,
with the air escaping over the sides of the tongue
- voiced
2. Dark /l/:
- occur after vowels
- on the nal position or before consonants 
- is produced
3. Devoiced /l/:
- preceded by a voiceless sound
- is produced with no vibration of vocal fold

Exercise 1:
- [l], standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is the rst segment of a syllable
- [l̥ ], voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when Hà, Thảo, Thủy 10A 17
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant Ex1: 
- [ɫ], a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs -  [l]1 is the beginning of the word, or stand after a consonant
when /l/ is at the end of a syllable. and before a vowel 
-  [l]2 stands after the unvoiced sounds
-  [l]3 is the ending sound of the word . 
Trịnh thị DUng, Lê Thị Thu Uyên, Ngô Thị Ex2: Allophones. 
Hiền, Mai Anh 4A17 Ex3: 

Exercise 1:
Rules: 
l1: Stand at the beginning of the word and between a vowel and a
Vũ Anh, Ly, Minh -16A17
consonant  Ex 1:
l2:  Stand after the aspirated sounds 1. Clear [l]: light, look
l3: Pronounced at the end of the words - occurs before vowels
Exercise 2: - is produced with the tongue tip or blade on the alveolar ridge,
They are phonemes. with the air escaping over the sides of the tongue.
Exercise 3:  - voiced
They are allophones 2. Dark [ɫ]: hold, call
-  occurs after vowels
- on the nal position or before consonants
- is produced with the back of the tongue raised towards the
soft palate
3. Devoiced [l̥ ]:  play, class
- Follows /p/, /k/ at the beginning of a stressed syllable
- is produced without the voicing found in most realization of
this phoneme  - [ɫ] a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant (sometimes
Thuy Linh, Lan Anh, Hang, Phuong Thao
Ex1:   [ŋ] occurs before a velar stop and [n] occurs elsewhere.
[l] is a voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when /l/
is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in “lip”.
[l̥ ] is a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs when
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant, such as in “play”.
[ɫ] is a voiced velarized lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is at the end of a syllable, such as in “feel”.
Ex2:  consonant and before a vowel
/n/:
Lan, Trang 9A17
Exercise 1:
- [l]:  stands before vowels
- [l̥ ]: follows a voiceless aspirated consonant
- [ɫ]:  occurs at the end of a syllable or word
Exercise 2:
Đặng Thị Quỳnh 16a17- Chẩu Thị Thu 3a17
Lâm Thảo Dung+ Nguyễn Thị Yến+ Nguyễn
Thị Phương Thảo 7A
Exercise 1:
L is pronounced [l] when it stands at the begging of the word
[l̥ ], which is the voiceless version of the above. This occurs when
l follows a voiceless aspirated consonant
[ɫ], which is also known as “dark l”. It stands at the end of a
syllable or word
Exercise 2: 
Dương + Vân + Trang 3a
Ex 1
[l] at the beginning of the words,  L is velarized at the end of the word when it comes after a vowel
L2  this occurs when /l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant  as well as before a consonant
L3 at the end of the words
Ex 2
Ngoc & Quynh Anh 10A17
Ex1:
- [l] a standard voiced lateral alveolar approximant. This occurs
when /l/ is the rst segment of a syllable, such as in “lip”.
- [l̥ ]  a voiceless lateral alveolar approximant (sometimes written
as a partially devoiced, AKA mixed-voice, l). This occurs when
/l/ directly follows a voiceless consonant, such as in “play”.
written as a mid-high back unrounded vowel, depending on the
degree of alveolar closure). This occurs when /l/ is at the end of
a syllable, such as in “pill”.
Ex2:
Jessie + Ngọc + Thùy Linh (9A17)
Ex 1:
- the rst [l] is the beginning of the word, or stand after a
 
- the second [l] stands after the unvoiced sounds: p,k
- the third [l] is the ending sound of the word
Ex 2:
- Yes they are two allophones of one phoneme. No, they don't
occur in same position. Especially, "n" can move around when
"ng" happens in xed position after a vowel in a word.
Ex 3:
- 
My+ Hà+ Hạnh 13A17
Exercise 1:
Lip+ lie+ blue+ glue: voiced lateral alveolar approximant. 
Play+ clue: voiceless lateral alveolar approximant. 
Pill+ isle: voiced lateral dental approximant.
Exercise 2: 
[ŋ] occurs before a velar stop and [n] occurs elsewhere. 
Exercise 3: 
IN stressed syllables long vowels and diphthongs are fully long
(lengthened) when they are in an open syllables) or closed by a
voiced consonant, but they are considerably shortened when
they occur in a syllable closed by a voiceless consonant. 
Tường Vân, Mai Phương, Phương Lan, Mỹ
Duyên 5a-17
1.
L is partially devoiced after voiceless sound in the same syllable
L is Clear   when occurs before vowels
Mạnh, Thu Hằng, Lan Anh - 8A17
Ex1.  Diệp + Nhung + Thủy 9A17
1. [l] clear: the tip of blade of the tounge is raised against the
alveolar ridge. It comes before vowel or /j/ Ex1: when "l" stands at the beginning of the word and after a
Dark l : What makes the dark [ɫ] different from the clear [l] is an voiced consonant, it is case number 1
extra raising of the tongue body to the same position it has for a When it comes after a voiceless consonant, it is case number 2
high back vowel. It comes before consonants ( except /j/ or at When it stands at the end of the word, it is called dark "l" or case
the end of words)  number 3
Devoiced L : pronounce it without vibration of the vocal cords so EX2: 
as to make it wholly or partly voiceless. It comes after a voiceless Yes they are two separate  phonemes. No, they don't occur in
plosive in stressed syllable. same position. Especially, "n" can move around when "ng"
happens in xed position after a vowel in a word.
2. [ n] and [ ng] are allophones  EX3:  
[n] when it occurs before vowels /t/ /d/ They are 2 allophones of a phoneme. 
[ng] when it stands before /k/ /g/
3. [a] [a:] appears in the same position of two words
[rak ] : to put
[ ra:k] : cray sh
Seperate phonemes

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