97909_15_ch15_p982-991.

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988 CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

27. Find the volume of the solid lying under the elliptic 35–36 Find the average value of f over the given rectangle.
paraboloid x 2兾4  y 2兾9  z 苷 1 and above the rectangle
35. f 共x, y兲 苷 x 2 y, R has vertices 共1, 0兲, 共1, 5兲, 共1, 5兲, 共1, 0兲
R 苷 关1, 1兴  关2, 2兴.
28. Find the volume of the solid enclosed by the surface 36. f 共x, y兲 苷 e ysx  e y , R 苷 关0, 4兴  关0, 1兴
z 苷 1  e sin y and the planes x 苷 1, y 苷 0, y 苷 ,
x

and z 苷 0.
37–38 Use symmetry to evaluate the double integral.
29. Find the volume of the solid enclosed by the surface
z 苷 x sec 2 y and the planes z 苷 0, x 苷 0, x 苷 2, y 苷 0, xy
and y 苷 兾4.
37. yy 1  x4
dA, R 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 1  x  1, 0  y  1其
R

30. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by
the cylinder z 苷 16  x 2 and the plane y 苷 5. 38. yy 共1  x 2
sin y  y 2 sin x兲 dA, R 苷 关, 兴  关, 兴
R
31. Find the volume of the solid enclosed by the paraboloid
z 苷 2  x 2  共 y  2兲2 and the planes z 苷 1, x 苷 1,
x 苷 1, y 苷 0, and y 苷 4.
CAS 39. Use your CAS to compute the iterated integrals
; 32. Graph the solid that lies between the surface 1 1 xy 1 1 xy
z 苷 2xy兾共x 2  1兲 and the plane z 苷 x  2y and is bounded yy dy dx and yy dx dy
by the planes x 苷 0, x 苷 2, y 苷 0, and y 苷 4. Then find its 0 0 共x  y兲3 0 0 共x  y兲3
volume. Do the answers contradict Fubini’s Theorem? Explain what
CAS 33. Use a computer algebra system to find the exact value of the is happening.
integral xxR x 5y 3e x y dA, where R 苷 关0, 1兴  关0, 1兴. Then use
40. (a) In what way are the theorems of Fubini and Clairaut
the CAS to draw the solid whose volume is given by the
similar?
integral.
(b) If f 共x, y兲 is continuous on 关a, b兴  关c, d 兴 and
CAS 34. Graph the solid that lies between the surfaces
ⱍ ⱍ
x y
z 苷 ex cos共x 2  y 2 兲 and z 苷 2  x 2  y 2 for x  1, t共x, y兲 苷 y f 共s, t兲 dt ds
2
y
ⱍ ⱍ
a c
y  1. Use a computer algebra system to approximate the
volume of this solid correct to four decimal places. for a
x
b, c
y
d, show that txy 苷 tyx 苷 f 共x, y兲.

15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions

For single integrals, the region over which we integrate is always an interval. But for
double integrals, we want to be able to integrate a function f not just over rectangles but
also over regions D of more general shape, such as the one illustrated in Figure 1. We sup-
pose that D is a bounded region, which means that D can be enclosed in a rectangular
region R as in Figure 2. Then we define a new function F with domain R by

1 F共x, y兲 苷 再 f 共x, y兲
0
if 共x, y兲 is in D
if 共x, y兲 is in R but not in D

y y

R
D D

0 x 0 x

FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2

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SECTION 15.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS 989

z If F is integrable over R, then we define the double integral of f over D by

graph of f

0
2 yy f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 yy F共x, y兲 dA where F is given by Equation 1
D R
y
D
x Definition 2 makes sense because R is a rectangle and so xxR F共x, y兲 dA has been previ-
ously defined in Section 15.1. The procedure that we have used is reasonable because the
FIGURE 3 values of F共x, y兲 are 0 when 共x, y兲 lies outside D and so they contribute nothing to the inte-
gral. This means that it doesn’t matter what rectangle R we use as long as it contains D.
In the case where f 共x, y兲  0, we can still interpret xxD f 共x, y兲 dA as the volume of the
z solid that lies above D and under the surface z 苷 f 共x, y兲 (the graph of f ). You can see that
this is reasonable by comparing the graphs of f and F in Figures 3 and 4 and remember-
graph of F ing that xxR F共x, y兲 dA is the volume under the graph of F.
Figure 4 also shows that F is likely to have discontinuities at the boundary points
0
of D. Nonetheless, if f is continuous on D and the boundary curve of D is “well behaved”
(in a sense outside the scope of this book), then it can be shown that xxR F共x, y兲 dA exists
y
D
and therefore xxD f 共x, y兲 dA exists. In particular, this is the case for the following two types
x of regions.
A plane region D is said to be of type I if it lies between the graphs of two continuous
functions of x, that is,
FIGURE 4
D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ a  x  b, t1共x兲  y  t 2共x兲其

where t1 and t 2 are continuous on 关a, b兴. Some examples of type I regions are shown in
Figure 5.
y y y
y=g™(x) y=g™(x) y=g™(x)

D
D D

y=g¡(x)
y=g¡(x) y=g¡(x)

0 a b x 0 a b x 0 a b x

FIGURE 5 Some type I regions

In order to evaluate xxD f 共x, y兲 dA when D is a region of type I, we choose a rectangle

R 苷 关a, b兴  关c, d兴 that contains D, as in Figure 6, and we let F be the function given by
y
y=g™(x) Equation 1; that is, F agrees with f on D and F is 0 outside D. Then, by Fubini’s Theorem,
d
b d
yy f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 yy F共x, y兲 dA 苷 y y a c
F共x, y兲 dy dx
D D R

Observe that F共x, y兲 苷 0 if y

t1共x兲 or y  t 2共x兲 because 共x, y兲 then lies outside D.
c
y=g¡(x) Therefore
d t 2共x兲 t 2共x兲
0 a x b x y F共x, y兲 dy 苷 y F共x, y兲 dy 苷 y f 共x, y兲 dy
c t1共x兲 t1共x兲

FIGURE 6
because F共x, y兲 苷 f 共x, y兲 when t1共x兲  y  t 2共x兲. Thus we have the following formula
that enables us to evaluate the double integral as an iterated integral.

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990 CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

3 If f is continuous on a type I region D such that

D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ a  x  b, t1共x兲  y  t 2共x兲其

b t 2共x兲
then yy f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 y y a t1共x兲
f 共x, y兲 dy dx
D
y
d

x=h¡(y) x=h™(y) The integral on the right side of 3 is an iterated integral that is similar to the ones we
D
considered in the preceding section, except that in the inner integral we regard x as being
c constant not only in f 共x, y兲 but also in the limits of integration, t1共x兲 and t 2共x兲.
0 x
We also consider plane regions of type II, which can be expressed as

y
4 D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ c  y  d, h1共y兲  x  h2共y兲其
d

x=h¡(y) D x=h™(y) where h1 and h2 are continuous. Two such regions are illustrated in Figure 7.
Using the same methods that were used in establishing 3 , we can show that
0 x
c

d h 2 共 y兲

FIGURE 7
5 yy f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 y y c h1共 y兲
f 共x, y兲 dx dy
D
Some type II regions
where D is a type II region given by Equation 4.

y v EXAMPLE 1 Evaluate xxD 共x  2y兲 dA, where D is the region bounded by the
parabolas y 苷 2x 2 and y 苷 1  x 2.
y=1+≈
(_1, 2) (1, 2) SOLUTION The parabolas intersect when 2x 2 苷 1  x 2, that is, x 2 苷 1, so x 苷 1. We
note that the region D, sketched in Figure 8, is a type I region but not a type II region and
we can write
D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 1  x  1, 2x 2  y  1  x 2 其
D
y=2≈
Since the lower boundary is y 苷 2x 2 and the upper boundary is y 苷 1  x 2, Equation 3
x
gives
_1 1
1 1x 2
yy 共x  2y兲 dA 苷 y y 1 2x 2
共x  2y兲 dy dx
FIGURE 8 D

1
苷y
1
[ xy  y ] 2 y苷1x
y苷2x 2
2

dx

1
苷 y 关x共1  x 2 兲  共1  x 2 兲2  x共2x 2 兲  共2x 2 兲2 兴 dx
1

1
苷 y 共3x 4  x 3  2x 2  x  1兲 dx
1

册
1
x5 x4 x3 x2 32
苷 3  2  x 苷
5 4 3 2 1
15

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SECTION 15.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS 991

NOTE When we set up a double integral as in Example 1, it is essential to draw a

diagram. Often it is helpful to draw a vertical arrow as in Figure 8. Then the limits of
integration for the inner integral can be read from the diagram as follows: The arrow
starts at the lower boundary y 苷 t1共x兲, which gives the lower limit in the integral, and
the arrow ends at the upper boundary y 苷 t 2共x兲, which gives the upper limit of integration.
For a type II region the arrow is drawn horizontally from the left boundary to the right
boundary.
y
(2, 4) EXAMPLE 2 Find the volume of the solid that lies under the paraboloid z 苷 x 2  y 2 and
above the region D in the xy-plane bounded by the line y 苷 2x and the parabola y 苷 x 2.
y=2x
SOLUTION 1 From Figure 9 we see that D is a type I region and
y=≈

D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  x  2, x 2  y  2x其
D

0 x Therefore the volume under z 苷 x 2  y 2 and above D is

1 2

2 2x
FIGURE 9 V 苷 yy 共x 2  y 2 兲 dA 苷 y y 共x 2  y 2 兲 dy dx
0 x2
D as a type I region D

冋 册
y苷2x
y 2 y3
苷 y x2y  dx
4 (2, 4) 0 3 y苷x 2

y冋 册
x= 12 y 2 共2x兲3 共x 2 兲3
苷 x 2共2x兲   x 2x 2  dx
x=œ„
y 0 3 3

y冉 冊
D 2 x6 14x 3
苷   x4  dx
0 3 3

册
0 x
2
x7 x5 7x 4 216
苷   苷
FIGURE 10 21 5 6 0
35
D as a type II region
SOLUTION 2 From Figure 10 we see that D can also be written as a type II region:
Figure 11 shows the solid whose volume
is calculated in Example 2. It lies above the
xy-plane, below the paraboloid z 苷 x 2  y 2, D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  y  4, 12 y  x  sy 其
and between the plane y 苷 2x and the
parabolic cylinder y 苷 x 2.

z
Therefore another expression for V is

y=≈ 4 sy
z=≈+¥ V 苷 yy 共x 2  y 2 兲 dA 苷 y y 1
共x 2  y 2 兲 dx dy
0 2 y
D

y冋 册 y冉 冊
x苷sy
4 x3 4 y 3兾2 y3 y3
苷  y 2x dy 苷  y 5兾2   dy
0 3 x 苷 12 y 0 3 24 2
x y
y=2x

FIGURE 11 苷 152 y 5兾2  27 y 7兾2  13

96 y
4
]
4
0 苷 216
35

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97909_15_ch15_p992-1001.qk_97909_15_ch15_p992-1001 10/6/10 4:56 PM Page 992

992 CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

v EXAMPLE 3 Evaluate xxD xy dA, where D is the region bounded by the line y 苷 x  1
and the parabola y 2 苷 2x  6.
SOLUTION The region D is shown in Figure 12. Again D is both type I and type II, but the
description of D as a type I region is more complicated because the lower boundary con-
sists of two parts. Therefore we prefer to express D as a type II region:

D 苷 兵(x, y) ⱍ 2  y  4, y 2  3  x  y  1其
1
2

y y

(5, 4) (5, 4)
¥
y=œ„„„„„
2x+6 x=       -3
2
y=x-1 x=y+1

_3 0 x 0 x

(_1, _2) (_1, _2) _2
y=_ œ„„„„„
2x+6

FIGURE 12 (a) D as a type I region (b) D as a type II region

Then 5 gives

冋 册
x苷y1
4 y1 4 x2
yy xy dA 苷 y y 2 1
y 23
xy dx dy 苷 y 2 2
y dy
D
2
x苷12 y 23

4
[
苷 12 y y 共y  1兲 2  ( 12 y 2  3) 2 dy
2
]
z

(0, 0, 2)
苷 12 y
4

2
冉 
y5
4
 4y 3  2y 2  8y dy 冊
冋 册
4
1 y6 y3
苷   y4  2  4y 2 苷 36
2 24 3 2
x=2y x+2y+z=2
If we had expressed D as a type I region using Figure 12(a), then we would have
T obtained
y
(0, 1, 0) 1 s2x6 5 s2x6
0
yy xy dA 苷 y y 3 s2x6
xy dy dx  y y
1 x1
xy dy dx
1 D
”1,  2 , 0’
but this would have involved more work than the other method.
x

FIGURE 13 EXAMPLE 4 Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x  2y  z 苷 2,
x 苷 2y, x 苷 0, and z 苷 0.
y SOLUTION In a question such as this, it’s wise to draw two diagrams: one of the three-
x+2y=2 dimensional solid and another of the plane region D over which it lies. Figure 13 shows
(or y=1-x/2)  
1 the tetrahedron T bounded by the coordinate planes x 苷 0, z 苷 0, the vertical plane
x 苷 2y, and the plane x  2y  z 苷 2. Since the plane x  2y  z 苷 2 intersects the
”1,  21 ’
xy-plane (whose equation is z 苷 0) in the line x  2y 苷 2, we see that T lies above the
D
triangular region D in the xy-plane bounded by the lines x 苷 2y, x  2y 苷 2, and x 苷 0.
y=x/2 (See Figure 14.)
0 x The plane x  2y  z 苷 2 can be written as z 苷 2  x  2y, so the required volume
1
lies under the graph of the function z 苷 2  x  2y and above

FIGURE 14 D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  x  1, x兾2  y  1  x兾2其

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97909_15_ch15_p992-1001.qk_97909_15_ch15_p992-1001 10/6/10 4:56 PM Page 993

SECTION 15.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS 993

Therefore

V 苷 yy 共2  x  2y兲 dA
D

1 1x兾2
苷y y 共2  x  2y兲 dy dx
0 x兾2

1 y苷1x兾2

0
[
苷 y 2y  xy  y 2 ] y苷x兾2 dx

y冋 冉 冊 冉 冊 册
2
1 x x x2 x2
苷 2xx 1  1 x  dx
0 2 2 2 4

册
1
1 x3 1
苷 y 共x 2  2x  1兲 dx 苷  x2  x 苷
0 3 0
3
y
v EXAMPLE 5 Evaluate the iterated integral x0
1
xx1 sin共y 2 兲 dy dx.
y=1
SOLUTION If we try to evaluate the integral as it stands, we are faced with the task of first
evaluating x sin共y 2 兲 dy. But it’s impossible to do so in finite terms since x sin共y 2 兲 dy is
D not an elementary function. (See the end of Section 7.5.) So we must change the order
y=x of integration. This is accomplished by first expressing the given iterated integral as a
double integral. Using 3 backward, we have
1 1
0 1 x yy sin共y 2 兲 dy dx 苷 yy sin共y 2 兲 dA
0 x
D

FIGURE 15 where D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  x  1, x  y  1其

D as a type I region
We sketch this region D in Figure 15. Then from Figure 16 we see that an alternative
y description of D is
1 D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  y  1, 0  x  y其

This enables us to use 5 to express the double integral as an iterated integral in the
x=0 D reverse order:
x=y
1 1
y y sin共 y 2 兲 dy dx 苷 yy sin共 y 2 兲 dA
0 x
D
0 x
1 y 1
苷y
0
y
0
sin共 y 2 兲 dx dy 苷 y x sin共y 2 兲
0
[ ]x苷y
x苷0 dy
FIGURE 16
1
D as a type II region 苷 y y sin共 y 2 兲 dy 苷  12 cos共y 2 兲 0 苷 12 共1  cos 1兲
0
] 1

Properties of Double Integrals

We assume that all of the following integrals exist. The first three properties of double
integrals over a region D follow immediately from Definition 2 in this section and Prop-
erties 7, 8, and 9 in Section 15.1.

6 yy 关 f 共x, y兲  t共x, y兲兴 dA 苷 yy f 共x, y兲 dA  yy t共x, y兲 dA

D D D

7 yy c f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 c yy f 共x, y兲 dA
D D

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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994 CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

If f 共x, y兲  t共x, y兲 for all 共x, y兲 in D, then

8 yy f 共x, y兲 dA  yy t共x, y兲 dA
D D

The next property of double integrals is similar to the property of single integrals given
y by the equation xab f 共x兲 dx 苷 xac f 共x兲 dx  xcb f 共x兲 dx.
D If D 苷 D1 傼 D2 , where D1 and D2 don’t overlap except perhaps on their boundaries
(see Figure 17), then
D¡ D™

0 x
9 yy f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 yy f 共x, y兲 dA  yy f 共x, y兲 dA
D D1 D2

FIGURE 17
Property 9 can be used to evaluate double integrals over regions D that are neither type I
nor type II but can be expressed as a union of regions of type I or type II. Figure 18 illus-
trates this procedure. (See Exercises 55 and 56.)

y y

D™

D D¡

0 x 0 x

FIGURE 18 (a) D is neither type I nor type II. (b) D=D¡ 傼 D™, D¡ is type I, D™ is type II.

The next property of integrals says that if we integrate the constant function f 共x, y兲 苷 1
over a region D, we get the area of D :

10 yy 1 dA 苷 A共D兲
D

z Figure 19 illustrates why Equation 10 is true: A solid cylinder whose base is D and whose
height is 1 has volume A共D兲 ⴢ 1 苷 A共D兲, but we know that we can also write its volume
z=1 as xxD 1 dA.
Finally, we can combine Properties 7, 8, and 10 to prove the following property. (See
Exercise 61.)
0

D y 11 If m  f 共x, y兲  M for all 共x, y兲 in D, then

x
mA共D兲  yy f 共x, y兲 dA  MA共D兲
FIGURE 19 D
Cylinder with base D and height 1

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
97909_15_ch15_p992-1001.qk_97909_15_ch15_p992-1001 10/6/10 4:56 PM Page 995

SECTION 15.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS 995

EXAMPLE 6 Use Property 11 to estimate the integral xxD e sin x cos y dA, where D is the disk
with center the origin and radius 2.
SOLUTION Since 1  sin x  1 and 1  cos y  1, we have 1  sin x cos y  1
and therefore

e1  e sin x cos y  e 1 苷 e

Thus, using m 苷 e 1 苷 1兾e, M 苷 e, and A共D兲 苷  共2兲2 in Property 11, we obtain

4
 yy e sin x cos y
dA  4 e
e D

15.3 Exercises

1–6 Evaluate the iterated integral. D is enclosed by the curves y 苷 x 2, y 苷 3x

14. yy xy dA,
4 sy 1 2 D
1. yy xy 2 dx dy 2. yy 共x  y兲 dy dx
0 0 0 2x

1 x 2 2y 15–16 Set up iterated integrals for both orders of integration. Then

3. yy 共1  2y兲 dy dx 4. yy xy dx dy
0 x2 0 y evaluate the double integral using the easier order and explain why
it’s easier.
1 s2 1 ev
5. y y cos共s 3兲 dt ds 6. yy s1  e v dw dv
0 0 0 0
15. yy y dA, D is bounded by y 苷 x  2, x 苷 y 2
D

7–10 Evaluate the double integral.

16. yy y e 2 xy
dA, D is bounded by y 苷 x, y 苷 4, x 苷 0
7. yy y 2
dA, D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 1  y  1, y  2  x  y其
D

y
8. yy x5  1
dA, D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  x  1, 0  y  x 2 其 17–22 Evaluate the double integral.
D
17. yy x cos y dA, D is bounded by y 苷 0, y 苷 x 2, x 苷 1
9. yy x dA, D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0  x  , 0  y  sin x其 D
D
18. yy 共x 2
 2y兲 dA, D is bounded by y 苷 x, y 苷 x 3, x  0
10. yy x 3 dA, D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 1  x  e, 0  y  ln x其 D
D
2
19. yy y dA,
D
11. Draw an example of a region that is D is the triangular region with vertices (0, 1), (1, 2), 共4, 1兲
(a) type I but not type II
(b) type II but not type I 20. yy xy 2
dA, D is enclosed by x 苷 0 and x 苷 s1  y 2
D
12. Draw an example of a region that is
(a) both type I and type II
(b) neither type I nor type II
21. yy 共2x  y兲 dA,
D

D is bounded by the circle with center the origin and radius 2

13–14 Express D as a region of type I and also as a region of
type II. Then evaluate the double integral in two ways.
22. yy 2xy dA, D is the triangular region with vertices 共0, 0兲,
D
13. yy x dA, D is enclosed by the lines y 苷 x, y 苷 0, x 苷 1 共1, 2兲, and 共0, 3兲
D

; Graphing calculator or computer required CAS Computer algebra system required 1. Homework Hints available at stewartcalculus.com

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97909_15_ch15_p992-1001.qk_97909_15_ch15_p992-1001 10/6/10 4:56 PM Page 996

996 CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

23–32 Find the volume of the given solid. 40. Between the paraboloids z 苷 2x 2  y 2 and
23. Under the plane x  2y  z 苷 1 and above the region z 苷 8  x 2  2y 2 and inside the cylinder x 2  y 2 苷 1
bounded by x  y 苷 1 and x 2  y 苷 1 41. Enclosed by z 苷 1  x 2  y 2 and z 苷 0
24. Under the surface z 苷 1  x 2 y 2 and above the region 42. Enclosed by z 苷 x 2  y 2 and z 苷 2y
enclosed by x 苷 y and x 苷 4 2

25. Under the surface z 苷 xy and above the triangle with

43– 48 Sketch the region of integration and change the order of
vertices 共1, 1兲, 共4, 1兲, and 共1, 2兲
integration.
26. Enclosed by the paraboloid z 苷 x 2  3y 2 and the planes
1 y 2 4
x 苷 0, y 苷 1, y 苷 x, z 苷 0 43. y y f 共x, y兲 dx dy 44. yy f 共x, y兲 dy dx
0 0 0 x2

27. Bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane

兾2 cos x 2 s4y 2
3x  2y  z 苷 6 45. y y f 共x, y兲 dy dx 46. y y f 共x, y兲 dx dy
0 0 2 0

28. Bounded by the planes z 苷 x, y 苷 x, x  y 苷 2, and z 苷 0 2 ln x 1 兾4

47. yy f 共x, y兲 dy dx 48. yy f 共x, y兲 dy dx
29. Enclosed by the cylinders z 苷 x 2, y 苷 x 2 and the planes 1 0 0 arctan x

z 苷 0, y 苷 4
30. Bounded by the cylinder y 2  z 2 苷 4 and the planes x 苷 2y, 49–54 Evaluate the integral by reversing the order of integration.
x 苷 0, z 苷 0 in the first octant
1 3 2 s s
31. Bounded by the cylinder x 2  y 2 苷 1 and the planes y 苷 z, 49. yy e x dx dy 50. y y cos共x 2 兲 dx dy
0 3y 0 y
x 苷 0, z 苷 0 in the first octant
4 2 1 1 1
32. Bounded by the cylinders x 2  y 2 苷 r 2 and y 2  z 2 苷 r 2 51. yy dy dx 52. yy e x兾y dy dx
0 sx y3  1 0 x

1 兾2
53. yy cos x s1  cos 2 x dx dy
0 arcsin y
; 33. Use a graphing calculator or computer to estimate the
x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the curves 8 2 4

y 苷 x 4 and y 苷 3x  x 2. If D is the region bounded by 54. yy 3

e x dx dy
0 sy
these curves, estimate xxD x dA.

; 34. Find the approximate volume of the solid in the first octant 55–56 Express D as a union of regions of type I or type II and
that is bounded by the planes y 苷 x, z 苷 0, and z 苷 x and evaluate the integral.
the cylinder y 苷 cos x. (Use a graphing device to estimate 2
the points of intersection.) 55. yy x dA 56. yy y dA
D D

35–36 Find the volume of the solid by subtracting two volumes. y

y
1 x=y-Á
35. The solid enclosed by the parabolic cylinders y 苷 1  x 2, 1
(1, 1) y=(x+1)@
y 苷 x 2  1 and the planes x  y  z 苷 2, D
2x  2y  z  10 苷 0 _1
_1 0 1 x 0 x
36. The solid enclosed by the parabolic cylinder y 苷 x and the 2

planes z 苷 3y, z 苷 2  y
_1
_1
37–38 Sketch the solid whose volume is given by the iterated
integral.
1 1x 1 1x 2
57–58 Use Property 11 to estimate the value of the integral.
37. yy 共1  x  y兲 dy dx 38. yy 共1  x兲 dy dx
0 0 0 0 共x 2 y 2 兲2
57. yy e dA, Q is the quarter-circle with center the
Q
1
origin and radius 2 in the first quadrant
CAS 39– 42 Use a computer algebra system to find the exact volume
of the solid. 58. yy sin 共x  y兲 dA,
4
T is the triangle enclosed by the lines
39. Under the surface z 苷 x y  xy and above the region
3 4 2 T
y 苷 0, y 苷 2x, and x 苷 1
bounded by the curves y 苷 x 3  x and y 苷 x 2  x for x  0

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
97909_15_ch15_p992-1001.qk_97909_15_ch15_p992-1001 10/6/10 5:22 PM Page 997

SECTION 15.4 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 997

59–60 Find the average value of f over the region D. ⫺ x 2 ⫺ y 2 dA,

64. yy sR 2

59. f 共x, y兲 苷 xy, D is the triangle with vertices 共0, 0兲, 共1, 0兲, D

and 共1, 3兲 D is the disk with center the origin and radius R

60. f 共x, y兲 苷 x sin y, D is enclosed by the curves y 苷 0, 65. yy 共2x ⫹ 3y兲 dA,
y 苷 x 2, and x 苷 1 D
D is the rectangle 0 艋 x 艋 a, 0 艋 y 艋 b
61. Prove Property 11.
66. yy 共2 ⫹ x 2
y 3 ⫺ y 2 sin x兲 dA,
62. In evaluating a double integral over a region D, a sum of D

iterated integrals was obtained as follows: D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ ⱍ x ⱍ ⫹ ⱍ y ⱍ 艋 1其

1 2y 3 3⫺y
yy f 共x, y兲 dA 苷 y y 0 0
f 共x, y兲 dx dy ⫹ y
1
y0
f 共x, y兲 dx dy 67. yy (ax 3
⫹ by 3 ⫹ sa 2 ⫺ x 2 ) dA,
D D

Sketch the region D and express the double integral as an D 苷 关⫺a, a兴 ⫻ 关⫺b, b兴
iterated integral with reversed order of integration.

63–67 Use geometry or symmetry, or both, to evaluate the CAS 68. Graph the solid bounded by the plane x ⫹ y ⫹ z 苷 1 and
double integral. the paraboloid z 苷 4 ⫺ x 2 ⫺ y 2 and find its exact volume.
(Use your CAS to do the graphing, to find the equations of
63. yy 共x ⫹ 2兲 dA, D 苷 兵共x, y兲 ⱍ 0 艋 y 艋 s9 ⫺ x 2 其 the boundary curves of the region of integration, and to eval-
D uate the double integral.)

15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Suppose that we want to evaluate a double integral xxR f 共x, y兲 dA, where R is one of the
regions shown in Figure 1. In either case the description of R in terms of rectangular coor-
dinates is rather complicated, but R is easily described using polar coordinates.
y y

≈+¥=1 ≈+¥=4
R
R
0 x

0 x
≈+¥=1

FIGURE 1 (a) R=s(r, ¨ ) | 0¯r¯1, 0¯¨¯2πd (b) R=s(r, ¨ ) | 1¯r¯2, 0¯¨¯πd

y Recall from Figure 2 that the polar coordinates 共r, ␪ 兲 of a point are related to the rect-
P (r, ¨ ) =P (x, y) angular coordinates 共x, y兲 by the equations

r
y r2 苷 x2 ⫹ y2 x 苷 r cos ␪ y 苷 r sin ␪

¨
O x x (See Section 10.3.)
The regions in Figure 1 are special cases of a polar rectangle
FIGURE 2
R 苷 兵共r, ␪兲 ⱍ a 艋 r 艋 b, ␣ 艋 ␪ 艋 ␤ 其

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.