Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pharmaceutical Communication (PHR 207) World Univeristy of Bangladesh
Pharmaceutical Communication (PHR 207) World Univeristy of Bangladesh
Books Recommended
1. Lesikar's Basic Business Communication -Raymond V. Lesikar, John D. Pettit , Marie
Elizabeth Flatley
2. Essentials of Business Communication - Pal, Rajendra and Korlahalli, J. S.
3. Hospital Pharmacy – William E. Hasan, 5th edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
4. The Drugs Acts and Rules 1940 to 2006 Published in Gazzette of India, Pakistan, Dacca
and Bangladesh
5. Guidance for Industry - DGDA Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of
Bangladesh
6. Dispensing of Medication Eric W. Martin 7th Edition Mack Publishing Company
7. Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy –Lippincott Williams and Willkins 21 st
Edition
Line Up. Concept, objective, types (Upward, downward and horizontal) and Importance of Business
communication, Principles of effective communication, Barriers of communication (Wrong choice of media,
Physical, socio-cultural and semantic barriers)
Communication
Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and
organizations so that an understanding response results.
o Sending and receiving information through messages
o Once considered simply as response to a stimulus
o Now viewed as complex process __focuses on sender, receiver and the clarity of the
message
Objectives of Communication
Various objectives of Communication are :—
1) Information: One of the most important objectives of communication is passing or
receiving information about a particular fact or circumstance.
2) Advice: Advice is an important objective of communication as it involves personal
opinions and is likely to be subjective. Advice is given to influence his/her opinion or
behavior.
3) Order: Order is an authoritative communication. The downward flow of information is
dominated by orders. Orders may be written or oral, general or specific, procedural or
operational, mandatory or discretionary.
4) Suggestion: Suggestion enjoys great advantage over other means of communication like
advice or order. Suggestion is supposed to be very mild and subtle form of communication.
5) Persuasion: It is an important objective of communication. In the office or the factory, the
lazy, the incompetent and the disgruntled workers have o be persuaded to do their work.
6) Education: Education is a very conscious process of communication. The main purpose of
education is to widen knowledge as well as to improve skills.
7) Warning: Warning is a forceful means of communication as it demands immediate action.
If employees do not abide by the norms of the organization, or violate the rules and
regulations, it may become necessary to warn them.
8) Raising Morale: Morale boosting is only possible through communication. High morale
results in better performance.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMMUNICATION (PHR 207) WORLD UNIVERISTY OF BANGLADESH Page 3
Different types of communications
Human behavior
A. Cultural Factors
Human behavior is deeply influenced by cultural factors such as: culture, subculture, and
social class.
• Culture
Basically, culture is the part of every society and is the important cause of person wants and
behavior. The influence of culture on behavior varies from country to country therefore
marketers have to be very careful in analyzing the culture of different groups, regions or even
countries.
• Subculture
Each culture contains different subcultures such as religions, nationalities, geographic
regions, racial groups etc. Marketers can use these groups by segmenting the market into
various small portions. For example marketers can design products according to the needs of
a particular geographic group.
• Social Class
Every society possesses some form of social class which is important to the marketers
because the buying behavior of people in a given social class is similar. Here we should note
that social class is not only determined by income but there are various other factors as well
such as: wealth, education, occupation etc.
Selective attention (current need): Marketers try to attract the customer attention
Selective distortion (pre-set mind): Customers try to interpret the information in a way that
will support what the customers already believe
Selective retention (remembers good points about favorable brands): Marketers try to retain
information that supports their beliefs.
Line Up. Lay-out and kinds of business letters – Interview, Appointment, acknowledgement, Claims, Orders,
Grants, Promotion, Inquiries, Reply, Sales, Circular, Complaints, Credit refusals, personal evaluations etc.
In such letters, there is always an introductory sentence that is intended to put the receiver
in a good frame of mind.
Sometimes, various possible alternative responses are preprinted and the applicable
paragraph(s) are ticked. They lack personal touch but save effort and time.
Line Up. Definition, characteristics and types of reports; Interpreting findings, Organizing report information,
writing the report, writing references
INTRODUCTION
Business Report is an impartial, objective, planned presentation of facts to one or more
persons for specific, significant business purpose. A report is a method of giving information
about something seen or investigated. It is a formal presentation and is written complete with
conclusions reached and recommendations made. It provides background material and
relevant information in decision-making and action-taking. It is rightly said that reports carry
information from those who have it to those who need it. They reflect flow of informat ion
and have become integral part of modern information management for decision-making.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, students shall be able to:
Line Up. Public speaking, Seminar Presentation, Interviews, Group Discussion, Effective listening and Non-
verbal Communications (Body language, space, time), Correctness of communication (Grammar, Spelling,
Capitalization), Negotiation Skills; Handling mail, filing and indexing, Media for communication, CRM
A. Public Speaking
Everyone seems to be talking to every other person. It is human nature to be communicating,
negotiating and marketing all the time with the aim of persuading others to own point of
view. The sole purpose is to change the mind or way of thinking about a topic. Budding
managers / leaders must become aware of the role of different elements that go to make a
person an effective, persuasive speaker:
(1) Articulation: Everyone should have a basic appreciation how the speech mechanism
works in humans. He should be able to adjust the faculty of speech to suit the occasion.
(2) Pronunciation: The speaker should be able to pronounce each word clearly and avoid
slang to make a point. He should not slur the words and avoid speaking filler phrases like “I
think” or “you know” etc.
(3) Tone: One should avoid speaking in one tone, without varying it, as it will make the
speech very monotonous and dull. One should modulate one’s voice to make it sound
interesting.
(4) Pitch: One should vary the wavelength and frequency of the voice. A good speaker keeps
the listeners on their toes by continually changing tone and pitch of voice. This precludes
speeches becoming boring.
(5) Speed of delivery: An effective speaker has a control on his pace of delivery. A speed of
150 to 200 words per minute is normal. A faster delivery may appear insincere and a lower
pace may sound like “lecturing”. It is possible to count words spoken per minute by tape-
recording the speech. A human brain can easily hear up to 400 words per minute. If speaker
is slow, listeners‟ mind may wander away.
(6) Pauses: Pause in speech is a critical tool. When speakers want to highlight any word, a
pause just before that word would ensure that. If they want to emphasize the importance of a
word, a pause just before and after the word would do it effectively.
(7) Body language: The powerful language of gestures, sounds and expressions never tells a
lie and does not mislead those who have a deep knowledge of it. A proper posture is very
important – saggy shoulders and cross-legged sitting postures will not appear to be honest.
(8) Volume: If one is screaming throughout one‟s speech, it may sound jarring and
monotonous. On the other hand, a few well-meaning shouts so as to throw your voice to the
B. Presentation Skill
Speakers lack the skills and confidence to make effective presentations. We have all been
victims of speakers who put us to sleep. Despite knowing how ineffective many speakers
are, many of us have found that, despite the best intentions, we haven’t fared much better.
Preparing Content: 3As
1. Analyze your AUDIENCE
What are their names, titles, backgrounds, reasons for attending, etc…?
What are their big concerns?
What are their objectives, fears, hot buttons, and attitudes?
What is their perception of you and your institution?
What are their questions likely to be?
What is personally at stake for them?
How much detail do they need?
2. Define what ACTION you want them to take
What action do you want the audience to take?
Define it in terms of the audience.
What will they feel, believe, and do after hearing your talk?
3. Arranging Your ARGUEMENT
Shake hands with the audience.
Get to the point.
Present your theme.
Develop your agenda point by point.
Summarize and recommend.
Interview Skills
The Do’s
• Dress appropriately for the industry. When in doubt, go conservative.
• Personal grooming and cleanliness should be impeccable. Keep cologne or perfume to a
minimum. Pay particular attention to hands and fingernails.
• Arrive 10 minutes early. Know the exact time and location of your interview; know how
long it takes to get there, park, and find a restroom to freshen up.
• Offer a firm handshake, make eye contact, and have a friendly expression when you are
greeted by the interviewer.
• Maintain good eye contact during the interview.
• Sit still in your seat; avoid fidgeting and slouching.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMMUNICATION (PHR 207) WORLD UNIVERISTY OF BANGLADESH Page 30
• Ask for clarification if you don’t understand a question; and be thorough in your
responses while being concise in your wording.
• Treat the interview seriously and show interest in the employer and the opportunity
presented and respond to questions in a positive manner.
• Evaluate the interviewer and the organization. An interview is a two-way street.
• Make sure you understand the employer’s next step in the hiring process; know when and
from whom you should expect to hear next.
Interview Don’ts
• Don’t make excuses. Take responsibility for your decisions and your actions.
• Don’t make negative comments about previous employers or supervisors (or others).
• Don’t give the impression you are only interested in salary.
• Don’t act as though you would take any job or are desperate for employment.
• Don’t chew gum or smell like smoke.
• Don’t take cell phone calls during an interview. If you carry a cell phone, turn it off
during the interview.
Medias of Communication
Media Potential Target Advantage Disadvantage
Type
TV Mass media – Public Wide reach; High perceived Expensive;
can credibility; Audio and Programs not always
reach many visual; Good for simple on at convenient
people; messages and times; Not everyone has
High status slogans; Can help to TV; No room for
generate interaction unless
interest, awareness linked to a TV call in
and excitement show
Radio Same as above Public Medium to wide Reach; Relatively inexpensive
High status; Good for (compared to TV); Programs
simple messages and not always on at convenient
slogans; Can help to times; No room for
generate Interaction; Audio only, no
interest, awareness visual communication
and excitement
Newspap Same as above Literate People Can review and re-read as Requires literacy; Not as
er needed deep reach as TV or radio;
Publication depends
on the whim of editors
Websites Need to be Literate public; Global info can be Computers needed and may
/internet computer Specific list serves obtained, not only local or not be widespread; List
& literate and networks can regional; Youth becoming serves and websites require
blogs be set-up for computer savvy; someone to manage and
particular List-serves can be quite facilitate them
audiences/clients such inexpensive; Can establish and provide content as well
as the links as technical assistance
media directly to other sites; Can also
establish
pages on existing sites
Mobile Tremendous Specific publics, Growing reach, Text messages must
phones potential teenagers in especially in rural be short; Best if linked or
and text for 1 on- 1 particular areas; Low cost for text tied
messages communication messages; Highly popular to other
directly. communication
efforts
Posters No potential for General and Can deliver simple Requires visual and
feedback, unless specific publics messages and written literacy; Generally
widely slogans; Not necessarily better for
tested or if expensive and can simple messages and
produced often be produced slogans
together with in-house
communities
through
participatory
processes
Brochure No potential for General and Can deliver more Limited to specific
feedback, unless specific publics information than Distributions; Requires
widely posters, good for visual and
tested and instructional info; Don’t written literacy
produced have to be
PHARMACEUTICAL COMMUNICATION (PHR 207) WORLD UNIVERISTY OF BANGLADESH Page 33
through expensively
participatory produced
workshops with
participants
Fact No potential for General Can be distributed limited to specific
sheets feedback audiences after meetings, in information for
and markets; Can also be specific topics –
flyers mailed; Cheap if done in single facts or tips
B&W on colored
paper; reviewed at leisure;
Inexpensive/cheap; Can be
produced in house through
desktop
publishing
Newslett No potential for General and Can deliver more Limited to specific
ers feedback unless specific publics information than posters Distributions; Requires
produced with and brochures; Not visual and
community necessarily expensive, can written literacy
input – then be done in-house; Good for
can be highly reporting on progress and
effective at achievements;
promoting local Credibility can be
innovations and high if produced by
activities community (people
particularly if like to see
local themselves in print);
people ‘report’ Can be produced in house
and write through
the news items desktop publishing
Instructio Feedback and Target audiences Can be paused for deeper Requires editing
nal video questioning can discussion and replayed as equipment and
be built Needed; Most communities software unless in camera
into the are likely to have at least taping is followed; Usually
presentation and one VCR; needs to be supported with
learning High status; Equipment is other printed materials; Can
getting be over-used when other
cheaper to use and methods may be more
purchase; Can record appropriate; More expensive
‘before’, costs up-front
‘during’ and ‘after’
steps in process; Can be
played back
immediately
Public Lots of potential Different Encourages group Only good for one off
presentati for audiences can be Formation; Helps to moments in a process; Need
ons & interaction and targeted directly publicize to be held when people are
communi participation general info; Generates available (nights, weekends);
ty local Don’t always attract
meetings, Ownership; Builds desired audience
service partnerships
clubs,
etc.
Power Can incorporate Good for more If well done, good for Requires computer
point feedback sophisticated marketing or skills and equipment
presentati audiences like selling ideas and generating to view, projectors;
ons service clubs and interest; Can be accessed Cannot
professionals, over the internet communicate large
The hospital is a complex organization and an institute which provides health to people
through complicated but specialized scientific equipment, and a team of trained staff
educated in the problems of modern medical science. The hospital pharmacy deals with the
supply of drugs, the filling of special prescriptions, with the manufacture of drugs. with the
storage and dispensing of narcotic and biological products, with the supply and storage of
ancillary products.
A. 2. Patient Communication/Counseling
Patient counseling is defined as one-on-one interactive sessions designed to modify patient
knowledge and behavior. It also refers to the process whereby a pharmacist listens a patients
concern about his or her drug therapy and offers education appropriate for the patient’s need.
A.4. Vendors Dealing (for drug & other hospital equipment supply)
A hospital has long-term contracts with several suppliers for all of the hospital's requirements
of certain items at set prices. The contracts made have to run for years. The contracts have
clauses saying that the supplier will remain price competitive. The hospital's materials
manager learns that, by joining a group purchasing association for all of a large number of
items, the items covered by the long-term contract can be purchased at better prices. A
purchase pharmacists must be there to deal or negotiate for their prices and time for delivery.
Definitions:
1. “Order”: The direction for the drug, strength and frequency of administration as written
on the Doctor’s Order Sheet of the patient’s Medical Record.
2. “Prescription”: The direction for the drug, strength, quantity, and frequency of
administration as written on a prescription blank by a doctor for dispensing by the Pharmacy.
3. “Administer”: The word “administer” is employed when a nurse or other properly
qualified individual gives medication to a patient, pursuant to the order of a qualified
practitioner.
4. “Dispense”: The word “dispense” is employed when a pharmacist gives medication to a
nurse or other properly qualified individual in accord with the directions of a properly written
prescription.
5. “Doctor”: This term is herein employed to indicate and individual who has qualified for
and has received a number from the Drug Enforcement Agency.
6. Addict: Any individual who habitually uses any narcotic drug so as to endanger the public
morals, health, safety or welfare, or who is so far addicted to the use of narcotic drugs as to
have lost the power or self-control with reference to his addiction.
7. Administer: The direct application of a controlled substances to the body of a patient or
research subject by a practitioner or his agent or by the patient or research subject at the
direction and in the presence of the practitioner.
8. Controlled Substances: A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in
schedule I, II, III, IV or V of Part B of this title. The term dose not includes distilled spirits,
wine, malt beverages or tobacco.
Topical: local effect, substance is applied directly where its action is desired.
a. Epicutaneous (application onto the skin).
b. Intradermal (into the skin itself)
c. Subcutaneous (under the skin), e.g. insulin.
i. Eye drops (onto the conjunctiva), e.g. antibiotics for conjunctivitis
ii. Ear drops - such as antibiotics and corticosteroids for otitis externa
iii. Inhalation/Intra-nasal (through the nose) e.g. decongestant nasal sprays to be
taken up along the respiratory tract e.g. inhalational anesthetics.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMMUNICATION (PHR 207) WORLD UNIVERISTY OF BANGLADESH Page 47
iv. Intra-vaginal or Vaginal suppositories are commonly used to treat gynecological
ailments, including vaginal infections such as candidiasis.
Parenteral: desired effect is systemic, substance is given by other routes than the digestive
tract.
a. Intravenous (IV) (into a vein), e.g. many drugs, total parenteral nutrition
b. Intra-arterial (into an artery), e.g. vasodilator drugs in the treatment of vasospasm
and thrombolytic drugs for treatment of embolism
c. Intramuscular (into a muscle), e.g. many vaccines, antibiotics, and long-term
psychoactive agents. Recreationally the colloquial term 'muscling' is used.
d. Intra-cardiac (into the heart), e.g. adrenaline during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(no longer commonly performed)
e. Intra-thecal (into the spinal canal) is most commonly used for spinal anesthesia and
chemotherapy
f. Intra-peritoneal (infusion or injection into the peritoneum) e.g. peritoneal dialysis
g. Intra-vesical infusion is into the urinary bladder
h. Intra-vitreal through the eye
B.4. Common abbreviations used for prescriptions
o a.c. = before meals (from "ante cibum," before meals)
o ad lib: use as much as one desires (from "ad libitum")
o b.i.d. = twice a day
o t.i.d. = three times a day (from "ter in die," 3 times a day)
o caps = capsules
o da or daw = dispense as written
o g (or gm or GM) = gram, gtt. = drops (from "guttae," drops), h. = hour, mg =
milligram, ml = milliliter
o p.c. = after meals (from "post cibum," after meals)
o p.o. = by mouth, orally (from "per os," by mouth)
o p.r.n. = when necessary (from "pro re nata," for an occasion that has arisen, as
circumstances require, as needed)
o q.d. = once a day (from "quaque die," once a day)
o q.i.d. = four times a day (from "quater in die," 4 times a day)
o q.h. = every hour, q.2h. = every 2 hours, q.3h. = every 3 hours
Q.D., Q.O.D. Mistaken for each other. Write “daily” and “every
Period after Q and O after Q other day”
can be mistaken for “I”
Trailing zero and lack of leading Decimal point missed Never write a zero by itself
zero after a decimal point,
and always use a zero
before a decimal point
MS, MSO4, MgSO4 Confused for one another Write “morphine sulfate”
or “magnesium sulfate”
H.S. (at bedtime or half – Mistaken for either meaning: Write out “half – strength”
strength) Also mistaken for every hour or “at bedtime”
T.I.W (three times a week) Mistaken for three times a Write “three times weekly”
day or twice weekly or “3 times weekly”
A.S., A.D., A.U. (Latin Mistaken for each other (A.S. Write out “left ear” or
abbreviations for left, right, both for O.S., A.D. for O.D., A.U. “right ear” or “both ears”
ears) O.S., O.D., O.U. (Latin for O.U., Vise-versa) Write out “left eye” or
abbreviations for left, right, both “right eye” or “both eyes”
eyes)
Compounding
Compounding involves the preparation, mixing, assembling, packaging, and labeling of a
drug or device in accordance with a licensed practitioner's prescription under an initiative
based on the practitioner/patient/pharmacist/compounder relationship in the course of
professional practice. The compounder shall be responsible for the following:
• Certifying all prescription orders;
• Approving or rejecting all components, drug product containers, closures, in-process
materials, and labeling;
• Preparing and reviewing all compounding records to assure that errors have not occurred in
the compounding process;
Following things that a compounding pharmacist needs to train:
a. All employees involved in pharmaceutical compounding shall read and become familiar
with Pharmaceutical Compounding—Nonsterile Preparations, Pharmaceutical
Compounding—Sterile Preparations.
b. All employees shall read and become familiar with each of the procedures related to
compounding, including those involving the facility, equipment, and personnel, actual
compounding, evaluation, packaging, storage, and dispensing.
c. The compounder shall meet with employees to review their work and answer any questions
the employees may have concerning SOPs.
Labeling
1. Products prepared in anticipation of a prescription prior to receiving a valid prescription
should not be prepared in an inordinate amount. A regularly used amount should be prepared
on the basis of a history of prescriptions filled by the pharmacy. These products shall be
labeled or documentation referenced with the following:
a. A complete list of ingredients or preparation name and reference or established name or
distinct common name
b. Dosage form
c. Strength
d. Preparation date
e. Name and address of compounder
f. Inactive ingredients
g. Batch or lot number
h. Assigned beyond-use date, based on published data, or appropriate testing, or USP–NF
standards.
Storage conditions for these products shall be dictated by their composition and sterility, e.g.,
stored in a clean, dry place (defined temperature condition), in a refrigerator, or at controlled
room temperature.
2. The compounder shall examine the product for correct labeling after completion of the
compounding process.
3. The compounder's prescription label shall contain the following:
a. Patient's name
b. Prescriber's name
Access to pharmacy during off hours whenever any drug is not available from floor
supplies or night cabinets, and such drug is required to treat the immediate needs of a patient
whose health would otherwise be jeopardized; such drug may be obtained from the pharmacy
in accordance with the requirements of this section. One supervisory registered professional
nurse and only one in any given eight-hour shift is responsible for removing drugs therefrom.
The responsible nurse, in times of emergency, may delegate this duty to another nurse. The
responsible nurse must be designated by position, in writing, by the appropriate committee of
the hospital and, prior to being permitted to obtain access to the pharmacy, shall receive
thorough education and training in the proper methods of access, removal of drugs, and
records and procedures required. Such education and training must be given by the director of
pharmacy, who shall require, at a minimum, the following records and procedures:
a. Removal of any drug from the pharmacy by an authorized nurse must be recorded on a
suitable form showing patient name, room number, and name of drug, strength, amount, date,
time, and signature of nurse.
b. Such form must be left with the container from which the drug was removed, both placed
conspicuously so that it will be found by a pharmacist and checked properly and promptly;
or, in the case of a unit dose, place an additional dose of the drug, or the box, on the form.
Line up: Head office personnel communication with Sales, Distribution, Plant and MIS Team; Production and
QC validation protocol & interpretation of analytical data, Batch Manufacturing Record (BMR) for shifting duty
personnel.
Documentation
Validation Master Plan
Qualification Master Plan
GMP Risk Analysis
Validation Protocol
Test protocol (including specification)
Validation Report
Summary of Deviations / Issues
Also production pharmacists ensures areas and equipment are visually clean after following a
validated cleaning procedure and ready for use as per SOP and only validated equipment is
used and the asset number recorded on the BMR batch manufacturing record, that equipment
calibrations have been performed as per SOP’s, documentation / materials are checked as per
SOP and ensures during Sign-on process, declaration of area, keeping of Log books as per
SOP’s and authorization of Batch Manufacturing records
Guidance for Industry -Submission of Clinical Trial Application for Evaluating Safety and Efficacy,
Requirements for permission of New Drugs Approval, Post approval changes in biological products, Preparation
of the Quality Information for Drug
NOTE: Submit two hard copies and two soft copies i.e. CD’s (PDF format).
Hard copies: It must be well labeled with document number, name of the firm, date of
submission etc. Number of volumes to be labeled as Volume No. / Total number of volumes
e.g. if there are five volumes, volume three will be labeled as Volume: 3/5.
Soft Copies: They must be well labeled with document number, name of the firm, date of
submission etc. Scanned copies of signed document like test reports are acceptable as soft
copies rest of the documents should be in PDF format. The table of content under each head
should be linked to the files (s) or relevant document for easy tracking in CD’s. The table of
content should be hyper-linked to the main document to facilitate the review process.
Manufacturer should preserve/maintain one hard copy and soft copy of submitted documents
in his safe custody for any future reference, if required.
Line up: Submission for New Drug, Communication with DCC committee and Technical Subcommittee for
approval, Block list approval, Licensing authority of DGDA, Inspection report for Pharmaceutical industry and
retail outlets.
Line Up: International Marketing and Trade Related Barriers: Communication for outsourcing (contract
manufacturing), technology transfer, Letter of Credit (LC) opening for export and Import.
Opening of LC
Generally a bank open an LC only on behalf on their own customer maintaining account with
them and are know to be participating in the trade. Payments in retirement of the bill are
received by the bank by debiting the party’s account or by a crossed check from other bank.
Application for LC
For opening of LC, a client is required to fill a prescribed application from provided by the
bank. The application must be supported by the following papers –
1. Indent issued by the indenting agent or proforma invoice issued by the foreign suppliers.
2. Marine insurance cover note issued by an approved insurance in favor of the bank
covering the unusual marine risks.
3. IMP form duly signed.
4. IRC form duly renewed.
In the LC application form the client signed an agreement with the following clauses:
1. Bank will have the pledge of documents and goods covered by the credit.
2. The credit will be paid back to the bank on maturity of the draft by the applicant.
3. The LC will be governed by the ICC brochure no. 500.
Additional Requirement
Depending on the specific provision in the underlying sale contract it may be necessary to
incorporate the following terms.
1. Who will pay the charges of the bank, buyer or seller?
2. Whether short form of Bill of Lading (B/L) is acceptable?
3. Whether is case of balk importer, charter party B/L is acceptable or not?
4. Where shipment by a charter party is allowed, the following clause must be stipulated
in the letter of credit –
Transmission of LC
If all the necessaries are met, then the LC form is signed two authorized officer of LC
department whose specimen signatures are available at the correspondent bank abroad. If the
LC is a Full Mail one, then the original LC form accompanied by a copy of it is mailed to the
correspondent bank abroad via a reliable currier service.
If the correspondent bank abroad is not the negotiating bank, a third copy is sent to the
negotiating bank. The correspondent bank or reimbursement bank abroad honor the claim of
negotiating bank on the basis of 3rd mailed copy of LC.
Amendment of LC
After opening of LC sometimes its necessary to alter the original terms and condition. These
amendments may involve (i) change in unit price, (ii) extension in validity of LC, (iii)
documentary requirement etc. The amendment can be affected if all the concerned parties that
are the importer, the exporter, the issuing and the negotiating bank agreed to do so. For an
amendment the importer must request the opening bank in writing duly supported by revised
indent or proforma invoice. The issuing bank then informs the other parties over the matter.
Retirement
If all the above formalities are met, the local banks take necessary steps to close the LC and
issue cost memo to the importer who pays accordingly.
N.B. Trade related barriers, outsourcing, technology transfer will be discussed in detail in
PHR 605