i m

Ni = Ni −1  + ni =  nh Ni = Ni +1  + ni =  nh
h =1 h =i

i m
Fi = Fi −1  + fi =  f h Fi = Fi +1  + fi =  f h
h =1 h =i

x=
x i
x=
x n i i
x =  xi f i
n
fi = i x=
x n '
i i
xi' =
xi −1 + xi
n n i  ni n i 2

 (x )  (x − x ) n
2 2
−x
= =
2 i 2 i i
s s
n n i

 (x )  (x − x ) n
2 2
−x
s= s=
i i i

n n i

n +1 n +1 n +1
U Me = U Qk = k  U Dk = k 
2 4 10

s
v=  100 IQ=Q3-Q1
x

p p n• j
ni• =  nij
m m
ni•
n• j =  nij n•• =  ni• n•• =  n• j fi• = ; f• j =
j =1 i =1 i =1 j =1 n•• n••

nij nij nij

fi / j = f j /i = f ij =
n• j ni• n••
Medii pem grup
x i  nij
xj = i =1

n• j
p p
 x j  n• j
p

j =1
s 2
j n• j  ( x j − x )  n• j
j =1
2

x= s2 =
j =1 s x2 j = p
p p

n
j =1
•j n •j
 n• j
j =1
j =1

s =s +s
2 2 2 s x2 j s2
X xj k1 = k2 =
s X2 s X2