Airplanes, such a beautiful invention from the early 1800s, used as a transportation for travelling far places.

They are
used in different ways depending on their type, size and weight. The airplanes that we know and see every day are now
soaring through the air like birds flying from one point to another. Have you ever wondered how they move through the
air? How they turn left or right, up or down, and roll to left or right? Now, I am about to explain the function, the axes of
movement, its stability and the control of the primary flight controls of the aircraft.

The Primary flight controls are the ailerons, elevator, and rudders.
The Ailerons are the control surfaces on each wing which controls the longitudinal axis for the movement of the airplane
to roll. Its stability is in the lateral axis that is from the nose to the tail. It balances both sides to keep the airplane from
banking either left or right. The ailerons are controlled by a yoke or control wheel or stick to roll or bank the airplane. If
the control pulls to the right, it causes the aircraft to roll to the right. If the control moves to the left, the aircraft rolls to
the left.

The Elevator or stabilator’s purpose is to control the lateral axis for the plane to reach high or low altitudes. It stabilizes
the longitudinal axis from wing tip to wing tip. This stability keeps the aircraft from going up and down. It also used to
control the angle of attack. The same yoke is used to control the elevators on the horizontal stabilizer. Pulling it back
causes the plane to rise while pushing the yoke forward makes the plane to go downward.

As for the stability of the aircraft, there are 2 different types, the static and the dynamic.
The static stability is the initial tendency of the aircraft. The positive static has a tendency to return to its original position.
Imagine the force is applied on the aircraft, the pilot fixes its stability to remain on course. The neutral, tendency to
remain at a new position. Meaning, if a force is applied on the aircraft, the aircraft will have a new course and remains
steady. The negative static has a tendency to continue away from the original position. For example, a force is applied on
the aircraft, it will knock off its course and continues away further from it.

The dynamic stability is the tendency of the aircraft over time. The positive dynamic tends to dampen or return to its
original position once disturbed. Like it goes up and down, it tries to go back to its original course. The neutral dynamic
tends to dampen to its original position once disturbed to a new position. Like this, once the controls are disturbed, it
changes the course and has a continuous movement of the aircraft. For the negative, it has a tendency to trend away
from the original position once disturbed. Like for example, the controls are disturbed, it goes farther and farther from
the original course each time.

The 3rd primary control surfaces - The Rudders are used to control the airplane's direction either left or right or the yaw
on a vertical axis. The type of stability of the rudders are directional from the top to the bottom of the center of gravity.
This type of stability resists the yaw or turning left or right. The pedals are used to control the rudders on the vertical
stabilizer. Stepping on the right pedal turns a yaw to the right and stepping on the left pedal makes the yaw to go left.
The primary flight controls are controlled inside the flight deck and managed by a pilot, and the co-pilot.
That ends the explanation about the axis, movement, stability and the control of the primary flight controls.