Alfandy Mamuaja

XII IPA
English explanation text

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGED

Environmental damage is when the living things, substances, energy, or the other
components into the environment by human beings that reduces its quality so the quality of
environment is reduced or decreased and the environment cannot work properly. The main
cause of environmental damage is pollution. There are three types of pollution, air pollution,
water pollution, and land polution.
Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced
directly or indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial
biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution. Pollution occurs when
ecosystems can not get rid of substances introduced into the environment. The critical
threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of
the ecosystem is broken. The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these
different pollutants and their effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural
disasters or the result of human activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear accidents.
These can have terrible consequences on people and the planet where they live: destruction of
the biodiversity, increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of natural
habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air.

A. Air pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful

materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing diseases, death to humans, damage to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops, or the natural or built environment.

Human activities that result in air pollution include:

 Emissions from industries and manufacturing activities

 Burning Fossil Fuels

 Household and Farming Chemicals

 B. Water pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. This form of environmental

degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies
without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects the entire
biosphere – plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect
is damaging not only to individual species and population, but also to the natural biological
communities. Water pollution main cause is :

 Sewage and waste water

 industrial waste

 Septic Tanks

 Underground storage and tube leakages

C. Soil pollution

Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-

made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by
industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common
chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic, solvents, pesticides,
lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization
and intensity of chemical usage.

Soil pollution can be caused by the following

 Deforestation
 Nuclear wastes
 Industrial accidents
 Land erosion
 Mining and other industries